Russian Vocabulary for Beginners: Meaning, Stress and Everyday Use

Question 1

Russian meaning: Здра́вствуйте

Здра́вствуйте! Как дела́?

Accepted Answer

hello (polite greeting)

Здра́вствуйте! Как дела́? — Hello! How are you?

A polite greeting to one person or a greeting to several people.

Question 2

Russian meaning: приве́т

Приве́т! Я до́ма.

Accepted Answer

hi; hello (informal)

Приве́т! Я до́ма. — Hi! I'm home.

Use with friends or people you address informally.

Question 3

Russian meaning: спаси́бо

Спаси́бо за по́мощь.

Accepted Answer

thank you

Спаси́бо за по́мощь. — Thank you for your help.

A common expression of thanks.

Question 4

Russian meaning: пожа́луйста

Во́ду, пожа́луйста.

Accepted Answer

please (in this request)

Во́ду, пожа́луйста. — Water, please.

It also means “you're welcome” when responding to thanks.

Question 5

Russian meaning: извини́те

Извини́те, где апте́ка?

Accepted Answer

excuse me; I'm sorry (polite)

Извини́те, где апте́ка? — Excuse me, where is the pharmacy?

A polite form for one person or a form for several people. Informal singular: извини́.

Question 6

Russian meaning: да

Да, я гото́в.

Accepted Answer

yes

Да, я гото́в. — Yes, I'm ready.

The example uses the masculine form гото́в.

Question 7

Russian meaning: нет

Нет, я не зна́ю.

Accepted Answer

no

Нет, я не зна́ю. — No, I don't know.

In other constructions нет can mean “there is no” or “do not have.”

Question 8

Russian meaning: хорошо́

Всё хорошо́.

Accepted Answer

well; fine

Всё хорошо́. — Everything is fine.

Here it describes how things are going.

Question 9

Russian meaning: мо́жно

Мо́жно войти́?

Accepted Answer

may; can; it is allowed

Мо́жно войти́? — May I come in?

In this request it asks permission.

Question 10

Russian meaning: ну́жно

Мне ну́жно рабо́тать.

Accepted Answer

need to; it is necessary

Мне ну́жно рабо́тать. — I need to work.

Мне ну́жно + infinitive expresses something I need to do.

Question 11

Russian meaning: где

Где мой ключ?

Accepted Answer

where (location)

Где мой ключ? — Where is my key?

Где asks about location. It does not mean “where to.”

Question 12

Russian meaning: когда́

Когда́ обе́д?

Accepted Answer

when

Когда́ обе́д? — When is lunch?

A question word for time.

Question 13

Russian, polite greeting: Say “hello” to a shop assistant you do not know.

Accepted Answer

Здра́вствуйте.

A polite greeting. Приве́т is informal.

Question 14

Russian: Thank someone for helping you. Give the short expression for “thank you.”

Accepted Answer

Спаси́бо.

For “thank you for your help”: Спаси́бо за по́мощь.

Question 15

Russian: Add “please” to a request for water. Give only the word for “please.”

Accepted Answer

Пожа́луйста.

Во́ду, пожа́луйста. — Water, please.

Question 16

Russian, polite singular: Get a stranger’s attention with “excuse me.”

Accepted Answer

Извини́те.

Извини́те, где апте́ка? — Excuse me, where is the pharmacy?

Question 17

Russian meaning: челове́к

Э́тот челове́к здесь рабо́тает.

Accepted Answer

person; human being

Э́тот челове́к здесь рабо́тает. — This person works here.

Masculine noun. The ordinary plural “people” is лю́ди.

Question 18

Russian meaning: же́нщина

Э́та же́нщина — врач.

Accepted Answer

woman

Э́та же́нщина — врач. — This woman is a doctor.

Feminine noun.

Question 19

Russian meaning: мужчи́на

Э́тот мужчи́на — учи́тель.

Accepted Answer

man (adult male)

Э́тот мужчи́на — учи́тель. — This man is a teacher.

Masculine noun despite its ending in -а.

Question 20

Russian meaning: ребёнок

Ребёнок спит.

Accepted Answer

child

Ребёнок спит. — The child is sleeping.

Masculine noun. The ordinary plural “children” is де́ти. Ё marks the stressed vowel here.

Question 21

Russian meaning: друг

Мой друг живёт ря́дом.

Accepted Answer

friend (male)

Мой друг живёт ря́дом. — My friend lives nearby.

Masculine noun; a female friend is подру́га.

Question 22

Russian meaning: семья́

У меня́ больша́я семья́.

Accepted Answer

family

У меня́ больша́я семья́. — I have a large family.

Feminine noun.

Question 23

Russian meaning: ма́ма

Ма́ма до́ма.

Accepted Answer

mum; mom

Ма́ма до́ма. — Mum is at home.

Feminine noun; a familiar family word.

Question 24

Russian meaning: па́па

Па́па на рабо́те.

Accepted Answer

dad

Па́па на рабо́те. — Dad is at work.

Masculine noun despite its ending in -а.

Question 25

Russian meaning: брат

Мой брат чита́ет.

Accepted Answer

brother

Мой брат чита́ет. — My brother is reading.

Masculine noun.

Question 26

Russian meaning: сестра́

Моя́ сестра́ у́чится.

Accepted Answer

sister

Моя́ сестра́ у́чится. — My sister is studying.

Feminine noun.

Question 27

Russian meaning: и́мя

Моё и́мя — А́нна.

Accepted Answer

name (a person's name)

Моё и́мя — А́нна. — My name is Anna.

Neuter noun. The more general name of a thing can be назва́ние.

Question 28

Russian meaning: рабо́та

У меня́ но́вая рабо́та.

Accepted Answer

work; job

У меня́ но́вая рабо́та. — I have a new job.

Feminine noun. In this example it means “job.”

Question 29

Russian noun: a family, such as parents and children.

Accepted Answer

Семья́.

Feminine. У меня́ больша́я семья́. — I have a large family.

Question 30

Russian noun: a male friend.

Accepted Answer

Друг.

Masculine. A female friend is подру́га.

Question 31

Russian noun: a person’s name, as in “What is your name?”

Accepted Answer

И́мя.

Neuter. Моё и́мя — А́нна. — My name is Anna.

Question 32

Russian noun: a job, as in “I have a new job.”

Accepted Answer

Рабо́та.

Feminine. У меня́ но́вая рабо́та. — I have a new job.

Question 33

Russian meaning: дом

Э́то наш дом.

Accepted Answer

house; home

Э́то наш дом. — This is our house.

Masculine noun. The example identifies a house or home.

Question 34

Russian meaning: кварти́ра

У нас ма́ленькая кварти́ра.

Accepted Answer

flat; apartment

У нас ма́ленькая кварти́ра. — We have a small flat.

Feminine noun.

Question 35

Russian meaning: ко́мната

Э́та ко́мната све́тлая.

Accepted Answer

room

Э́та ко́мната све́тлая. — This room is bright.

Feminine noun.

Question 36

Russian meaning: дверь

Дверь закры́та.

Accepted Answer

door

Дверь закры́та. — The door is closed.

Feminine noun despite having no -а ending.

Question 37

Russian meaning: окно́

Окно́ откры́то.

Accepted Answer

window

Окно́ откры́то. — The window is open.

Neuter noun.

Question 38

Russian meaning: стол

Кни́га на столе́.

Accepted Answer

table; desk

Кни́га на столе́. — The book is on the table.

Masculine noun. Столе́ is the form used here after на for location.

Question 39

Russian meaning: стул

Э́тот стул свобо́ден.

Accepted Answer

chair

Э́тот стул свобо́ден. — This chair is free.

Masculine noun.

Question 40

Russian meaning: крова́ть

Крова́ть у окна́.

Accepted Answer

bed

Крова́ть у окна́. — The bed is by the window.

Feminine noun.

Question 41

Russian meaning: ку́хня

Ку́хня спра́ва.

Accepted Answer

kitchen

Ку́хня спра́ва. — The kitchen is on the right.

Feminine noun.

Question 42

Russian meaning: ва́нная

Ва́нная сле́ва.

Accepted Answer

bathroom

Ва́нная сле́ва. — The bathroom is on the left.

Feminine noun, also expressed as ва́нная ко́мната.

Question 43

Russian meaning: ключ

Ключ на столе́.

Accepted Answer

key (for a lock)

Ключ на столе́. — The key is on the table.

Masculine noun. This example uses the lock-key meaning.

Question 44

Russian meaning: телефо́н

Мой телефо́н здесь.

Accepted Answer

telephone; phone

Мой телефо́н здесь. — My phone is here.

Masculine noun.

Question 45

Russian noun: a flat or apartment.

Accepted Answer

Кварти́ра.

Feminine. У нас ма́ленькая кварти́ра. — We have a small flat.

Question 46

Russian noun: the door to a room.

Accepted Answer

Дверь.

Feminine. Дверь закры́та. — The door is closed.

Question 47

Russian noun: a window.

Accepted Answer

Окно́.

Neuter. Окно́ откры́то. — The window is open.

Question 48

Russian noun: a key that opens a lock.

Accepted Answer

Ключ.

Masculine. Ключ на столе́. — The key is on the table.

Question 49

Russian meaning: вода́

Вода́ холо́дная.

Accepted Answer

water

Вода́ холо́дная. — The water is cold.

Feminine noun.

Question 50

Russian meaning: хлеб

Хлеб на столе́.

Accepted Answer

bread

Хлеб на столе́. — The bread is on the table.

Masculine noun.

Question 51

Russian meaning: молоко́

Молоко́ в холоди́льнике.

Accepted Answer

milk

Молоко́ в холоди́льнике. — The milk is in the fridge.

Neuter noun.

Question 52

Russian meaning: чай

Я пью чай.

Accepted Answer

tea

Я пью чай. — I'm drinking tea.

Masculine noun.

Question 53

Russian meaning: ко́фе

Ко́фе гото́в.

Accepted Answer

coffee

Ко́фе гото́в. — The coffee is ready.

Masculine in the standard usage practised here; the noun does not change its ending.

Question 54

Russian meaning: суп

Суп горя́чий.

Accepted Answer

soup

Суп горя́чий. — The soup is hot.

Masculine noun.

Question 55

Russian meaning: я́блоко

Э́то кра́сное я́блоко.

Accepted Answer

apple

Э́то кра́сное я́блоко. — This is a red apple.

Neuter noun.

Question 56

Russian meaning: сыр

Сыр в холоди́льнике.

Accepted Answer

cheese

Сыр в холоди́льнике. — The cheese is in the fridge.

Masculine noun.

Question 57

Russian meaning: са́хар

Са́хар на по́лке.

Accepted Answer

sugar

Са́хар на по́лке. — The sugar is on the shelf.

Masculine noun.

Question 58

Russian meaning: соль

Мне нужна́ соль.

Accepted Answer

salt

Мне нужна́ соль. — I need salt.

Feminine noun.

Question 59

Russian meaning: магази́н

Магази́н уже́ откры́т.

Accepted Answer

shop; store

Магази́н уже́ откры́т. — The shop is already open.

Masculine noun. It does not mean an English-language magazine.

Question 60

Russian meaning: цена́

Цена́ сли́шком высо́кая.

Accepted Answer

price

Цена́ сли́шком высо́кая. — The price is too high.

Feminine noun.

Question 61

Russian noun: water. Give its dictionary form.

Accepted Answer

Вода́.

Feminine. A direct request uses во́ду: Во́ду, пожа́луйста. — Water, please.

Question 62

Russian noun: bread.

Accepted Answer

Хлеб.

Masculine. Хлеб на столе́. — The bread is on the table.

Question 63

Russian noun: milk.

Accepted Answer

Молоко́.

Neuter. Молоко́ в холоди́льнике. — The milk is in the fridge.

Question 64

Russian noun: the price of an item.

Accepted Answer

Цена́.

Feminine. Цена́ сли́шком высо́кая. — The price is too high.

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