Engineering Materials Flashcards: Plastics, Metals and Processing
96 English cards on material properties, metal and polymer families, manufacturing processes, and qualified selection cases, including sourced ABS and PA6 grades.
এই ডেক সম্পর্কে
Learn engineering materials through concise retrieval and constrained selection problems. These 96 original English cards connect property vocabulary, metal and polymer families, processing mechanisms and practical evidence checks.
Practise concept-to-explanation recall, selected situation-to-property or process choices, alloy-family recognition, and named-grade interpretation for ABS (INEOS Terluran GP-22) and PA6 (BASF Ultramid B3S and B3EG6). A suggested material or process is a screening candidate, not a qualified design.
The sequence introduces properties, then metals, polymers and manufacturing processes. Each topic progresses from mechanisms to applications. Selected case variants are separated from their foundation cards; the review scheduler handles later spacing.
Excluded: automatic reverse cards for every definition, generic numerical property rankings, machine settings, full phase diagrams and design allowables. Exact material properties require the correct grade, test method, temperature, moisture state, orientation and processing history. This is an evergreen topic deck, not a complete materials course or exam syllabus.
AI-assisted questions, answers and generated cover were independently composed and checked against technical sources. No private learner cards, textbook exercises, exam questions or third-party images were copied. Original wording, organization and generated media are offered under CC0 1.0 to the extent applicable rights exist; facts and third-party source material retain their own status.
Factual references include INEOS Terluran GP-22, BASF Ultramid, University of Illinois materials principles, Instron materials testing terms, TWI injection moulding and American Foundry Society metalcasting.
Independent educational material; no affiliation with or endorsement by the named manufacturers, technical bodies or universities.
এই ডেকের কার্ড
কার্ড ১
প্রশ্ন
Engineering stress in a tensile test: force divided by what?
উত্তর
Original specimen cross-sectional area.
কার্ড ২
প্রশ্ন
Engineering strain in a tensile test: extension divided by what?
উত্তর
Original gauge length. Strain is dimensionless.
কার্ড ৩
প্রশ্ন
Elastic deformation: what happens after unloading?
উত্তর
The deformation recovers.
কার্ড ৪
প্রশ্ন
Young’s modulus describes which material behaviour?
উত্তর
Resistance to elastic tensile or compressive strain, in the linear elastic region.
কার্ড ৫
প্রশ্ন
Yield strength marks the onset of what?
উত্তর
Significant permanent deformation, using the specified yield or proof criterion.
কার্ড ৬
প্রশ্ন
Ultimate tensile strength: which point on an engineering stress–strain curve?
উত্তর
The maximum engineering tensile stress.
কার্ড ৭
প্রশ্ন
Ductility describes what happens before tensile fracture?
উত্তর
How much plastic deformation the material can undergo.
কার্ড ৮
প্রশ্ন
Indentation hardness measures resistance to what?
উত্তর
Localized permanent penetration by an indenter.
কার্ড ৯
প্রশ্ন
Tensile toughness: what does the area under the stress–strain curve to fracture represent?
উত্তর
Energy absorbed per unit volume up to fracture under those test conditions.
কার্ড ১০
প্রশ্ন
Density relates which two quantities?
উত্তর
Mass per unit volume.
কার্ড ১১
প্রশ্ন
Thermal conductivity describes which ability?
উত্তর
Transferring heat through a material under a temperature gradient.
কার্ড ১২
প্রশ্ন
Electrical conductivity describes which ability?
উত্তর
Carrying electric current under an electric field.
কার্ড ১৩
প্রশ্ন
Creep: what changes under a sustained load over time?
উত্তর
Deformation increases with time; temperature and stress affect the rate.
কার্ড ১৪
প্রশ্ন
Fatigue damage is associated with what loading pattern?
উত্তর
Repeated or fluctuating loading that can initiate and grow cracks.
কার্ড ১৫
প্রশ্ন
Brittle fracture: how much plastic deformation precedes it?
উত্তর
Little plastic deformation compared with ductile fracture under the same test conditions.
কার্ড ১৬
প্রশ্ন
A bracket bends too far but recovers fully. Which property should you examine first?
উত্তর
Elastic stiffness: material modulus together with the bracket’s geometry.
কার্ড ১৭
প্রশ্ন
A metal clip stays bent after one overload. Which threshold was exceeded locally?
উত্তর
Its yield threshold; permanent deformation occurred.
কার্ড ১৮
প্রশ্ন
A housing must absorb a drop without fracture. Which evidence matters beyond tensile strength?
উত্তর
Impact-test performance under relevant temperature, notch and geometry conditions.
কার্ড ১৯
প্রশ্ন
Two materials have equal yield strength. Must their tensile toughness be equal?
উত্তর
No. Different ductility can produce different energy absorption before fracture.
কার্ড ২০
প্রশ্ন
A plastic clamp slowly loosens at fixed deflection. Which time-dependent effect is this?
উত্তর
Stress relaxation: the stress decreases while the imposed deformation is held.
কার্ড ২১
প্রশ্ন
Does a higher hardness alone prove a part will resist every wear mechanism?
উত্তর
No. Wear also depends on contact, loading, lubrication and the wear mechanism.
কার্ড ২২
প্রশ্ন
Why compare impact results only with matching test conditions?
উত্তর
Specimen geometry, notches, temperature and test method affect measured impact behaviour.
কার্ড ২৩
প্রশ্ন
Can a generic family property range serve as a finished-part design allowable?
উত্তর
No. Select a grade, condition and relevant design data before qualifying the part.
কার্ড ২৪
প্রশ্ন
A lighter material is proposed for the same-size part. Which property predicts its mass change?
উত্তর
Density, provided the volume remains the same.
কার্ড ২৫
প্রশ্ন
Ferrous versus nonferrous metals: what is the defining distinction?
উত্তর
Whether iron is the main constituent. Nonferrous does not mean completely iron-free.
কার্ড ২৬
প্রশ্ন
Steel belongs to which basic alloy family?
উত্তর
Iron-based alloys containing carbon, often with other alloying elements.
কার্ড ২৭
প্রশ্ন
Why specify a steel grade and heat treatment rather than just “steel”?
উত্তর
Composition and processing change its microstructure and mechanical properties.
কার্ড ২৮
প্রশ্ন
What is a grain in a polycrystalline metal?
উত্তর
A crystalline region with a particular lattice orientation.
কার্ড ২৯
প্রশ্ন
What separates neighbouring metal grains with different orientations?
উত্তর
A grain boundary.
কার্ড ৩০
প্রশ্ন
Which crystal defect commonly moves during plastic deformation of metals?
উত্তর
A dislocation.
কার্ড ৩১
প্রশ্ন
Cold working usually trades increased strength for what?
উত্তর
Reduced ductility, as plastic deformation impedes further dislocation motion.
কার্ড ৩২
প্রশ্ন
What is a common purpose of annealing a cold-worked metal?
উত্তর
Restore ductility and reduce hardness through a controlled heat treatment.
কার্ড ৩৩
প্রশ্ন
Quenching in metal heat treatment means what cooling step?
উত্তর
Rapid cooling using a specified medium; the appropriate regime depends on the alloy and intended result.
কার্ড ৩৪
প্রশ্ন
What gives stainless steel much of its corrosion resistance?
উত্তর
A thin chromium-rich passive surface film.
কার্ড ৩৫
প্রশ্ন
Why distinguish grey cast iron from ductile cast iron during selection?
উত্তর
Graphite form and resulting mechanical behaviour differ; “cast iron” is not one property set.
কার্ড ৩৬
প্রশ্ন
Why are aluminium alloys often screened for lightweight structures?
উত্তর
Their relatively low density can help reduce mass; stiffness, strength and geometry still need checking.
কার্ড ৩৭
প্রশ্ন
Why is copper often screened for electrical conductors?
উত্তর
High electrical conductivity; cost, strength and connection design also matter.
কার্ড ৩৮
প্রশ্ন
Brass is principally an alloy of copper with which element?
উত্তর
Zinc.
কার্ড ৩৯
প্রশ্ন
Traditional tin bronze is principally an alloy of which two elements?
উত্তর
Copper and tin. Other bronze families use different alloying additions.
কার্ড ৪০
প্রশ্ন
Does “stainless” mean immune to chloride corrosion?
উত্তর
No. Grade, environment and surface condition still govern corrosion resistance.
কার্ড ৪১
প্রশ্ন
Two dissimilar metals touch in salty water. Which corrosion mechanism should be checked?
উত্তর
Galvanic corrosion, because electrical contact and an electrolyte can form a galvanic couple.
কার্ড ৪২
প্রশ্ন
Can you rank aluminium and steel parts by stiffness using only their material names?
উত্তর
No. Compare the actual moduli and part geometries for the required loading.
কার্ড ৪৩
প্রশ্ন
A copper alloy is stronger than pure copper. Must it conduct electricity equally well?
উত্তর
No. Alloying changes conductivity as well as mechanical properties; check that alloy’s data.
কার্ড ৪৪
প্রশ্ন
A steel sheet cracks during forming after extensive cold work. What processing step may restore formability?
উত্তর
An appropriate anneal before further forming; confirm the alloy-specific procedure.
কার্ড ৪৫
প্রশ্ন
What is a common purpose of tempering a quench-hardened steel?
উত্তর
Improve toughness and ductility, usually with some reduction in hardness.
কার্ড ৪৬
প্রশ্ন
How can an insulating washer help a dissimilar-metal joint resist galvanic corrosion?
উত্তর
By interrupting the electrical connection, if the whole joint is electrically isolated.
কার্ড ৪৭
প্রশ্ন
Before approving a welded metal component, which material region besides the weld metal needs consideration?
উত্তর
The heat-affected zone, whose thermal cycle can change properties without melting it.
কার্ড ৪৮
প্রশ্ন
What is the key processing–structure–property lesson for metal selection?
উত্তর
A chemical composition alone does not determine performance; processing changes microstructure.
কার্ড ৪৯
প্রশ্ন
A polymer is built from what kind of molecular structure?
উত্তর
Large molecules containing many linked repeating units.
কার্ড ৫০
প্রশ্ন
Which polymer class can usually be reheated and reshaped: thermoplastics or cured thermosets?
উত্তর
Thermoplastics. Cross-links in a cured thermoset prevent ordinary melt reshaping.
কার্ড ৫১
প্রশ্ন
What deformation behaviour distinguishes an elastomer?
উত্তর
It can undergo substantial deformation and recover toward its original shape when the load is removed, within its working range.
কার্ড ৫২
প্রশ্ন
What does “semi-crystalline polymer” mean?
উত্তর
Ordered crystalline regions coexist with amorphous regions.
কার্ড ৫৩
প্রশ্ন
Which polymer regions undergo glass transition: amorphous or crystalline?
উত্তর
Amorphous regions. Around the glass transition, motion of chain segments becomes much easier.
কার্ড ৫৪
প্রশ্ন
What structural feature prevents a cured thermoset from flowing like a thermoplastic melt?
উত্তর
A covalently cross-linked network.
কার্ড ৫৫
প্রশ্ন
Why are plasticizers added to some polymer formulations?
উত্তর
To increase flexibility; the amount and compatibility affect the final properties.
কার্ড ৫৬
প্রশ্ন
Why add UV stabilizers to a polymer intended for outdoor exposure?
উত্তর
To reduce degradation caused by ultraviolet exposure; the formulation and exposure still need verification.
কার্ড ৫৭
প্রশ্ন
Why can adding glass fibres make moulded polymer properties direction-dependent?
উত্তর
Fibres become oriented during flow, so reinforcement differs with direction.
কার্ড ৫৮
প্রশ্ন
What structural change separates glass transition from crystalline melting in a polymer?
উত্তর
Glass transition increases chain-segment mobility in amorphous regions; melting breaks down the ordered crystalline regions.
কার্ড ৫৯
প্রশ্ন
ABS is an abbreviation for which polymer name?
উত্তর
Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene.
কার্ড ৬০
প্রশ্ন
PA6 is another name for which polyamide?
উত্তর
Polyamide 6, also called nylon 6.
কার্ড ৬১
প্রশ্ন
Why distinguish “dry” from “conditioned” polyamide property data?
উত্তর
Moisture conditioning changes the material state and can change mechanical behaviour.
কার্ড ৬২
প্রশ্ন
Does one grade’s ABS datasheet establish the properties of every ABS grade?
উত্তর
No. Formulation, grade, test method and conditions must match the claim.
কার্ড ৬৩
প্রশ্ন
INEOS Terluran GP-22 is specified for which main shaping process?
উত্তর
Injection moulding; it is a general-purpose ABS grade.
কার্ড ৬৪
প্রশ্ন
BASF Ultramid B3S is supplied for which main shaping process?
উত্তর
Injection moulding; BASF describes this PA6 grade as easy-flowing and finely crystalline.
কার্ড ৬৫
প্রশ্ন
A warm polymer bracket carries a constant load for months. Which data are needed beyond a short tensile test?
উত্তর
Long-term creep data for the relevant load, temperature and material condition.
কার্ড ৬৬
প্রশ্ন
Ultramid B3EG6 differs from unreinforced PA6 by which reinforcement?
উত্তর
BASF specifies glass-fibre reinforcement for this PA6 injection-moulding grade.
কার্ড ৬৭
প্রশ্ন
Which part category does INEOS identify as a particular application for Terluran GP-22?
উত্তর
Housings, including appliance housings. This is a candidate application, not automatic design approval.
কার্ড ৬৮
প্রশ্ন
Why keep opened Ultramid B3S granule containers carefully closed?
উত্তর
To limit moisture absorption before processing.
কার্ড ৬৯
প্রশ্ন
Can glass-filled PA6 data replace unfilled PA6 data in a design check?
উত্তর
No. Reinforcement changes the material; use the exact grade and relevant orientation data.
কার্ড ৭০
প্রশ্ন
Must a thermoplastic part be accepted by the local recycling system?
উত্তর
No. Remeltability alone does not establish collection, sorting or recycling compatibility.
কার্ড ৭১
প্রশ্ন
For an outdoor ABS housing, is a good indoor impact result enough evidence?
উত্তর
No. Check weathering, temperature and the exact grade’s suitability for the exposure.
কার্ড ৭২
প্রশ্ন
BASF lists grips and fixing clamps for Ultramid B3S. What remains to verify for a loaded clamp?
উত্তর
Grade-specific long-term behaviour at the actual temperature and moisture state, plus the part geometry.
কার্ড ৭৩
প্রশ্ন
Metal casting shapes a part by which change of state?
উত্তর
Liquid metal solidifies inside a mould.
কার্ড ৭৪
প্রশ্ন
Forging shapes metal by what basic mechanism?
উত্তর
Compressive plastic deformation of solid metal; it may be performed hot or cold.
কার্ড ৭৫
প্রশ্ন
Extrusion is particularly suited to which basic geometry?
উত্তর
A continuous length with a substantially constant cross-section, formed through a die.
কার্ড ৭৬
প্রশ্ন
CNC machining is additive or subtractive?
উত্তর
Subtractive: controlled cutting removes material from a workpiece.
কার্ড ৭৭
প্রশ্ন
Injection moulding of a thermoplastic: what happens after the cavity fills?
উত্তর
The melt cools and solidifies before the part is ejected.
কার্ড ৭৮
প্রশ্ন
Thermoforming starts from which form of plastic stock?
উত্তর
A sheet heated until formable, then shaped over or into a mould.
কার্ড ৭৯
প্রশ্ন
Blow moulding is commonly used for which type of plastic part?
উত্তর
Hollow parts, such as bottles, formed by inflating a heated preform or tube in a mould.
কার্ড ৮০
প্রশ্ন
Additive manufacturing builds geometry by what basic approach?
উত্তর
Adding material, commonly layer by layer, from a digital model.
কার্ড ৮১
প্রশ্ন
In milling, what typically rotates to remove material?
উত্তর
The cutting tool.
কার্ড ৮২
প্রশ্ন
Why may a cast part still need machining?
উত্তর
Selected surfaces may need tighter tolerances or a better finish than the casting provides.
কার্ড ৮৩
প্রশ্ন
Sand casting and permanent-mould casting mainly differ in what tooling feature?
উত্তর
Sand moulds are expendable; permanent moulds are reused.
কার্ড ৮৪
প্রশ্ন
Why can injection moulding be costly for a very small production run?
উত্তর
Tooling cost is spread across too few parts; compare total cost at the required volume.
কার্ড ৮৫
প্রশ্ন
A long plastic tube has the same cross-section throughout. Which process is a natural first candidate?
উত্তর
Extrusion, followed by cooling and cutting to length.
কার্ড ৮৬
প্রশ্ন
A thin plastic packaging tray must be formed from sheet. Which process is a natural first candidate?
উত্তর
Thermoforming; check wall thinning and the required detail.
কার্ড ৮৭
প্রশ্ন
Why should a forged part’s grain flow be considered in design?
উত্তর
Deformation creates directional structure; the load direction and process route affect performance.
কার্ড ৮৮
প্রশ্ন
A design needs a few changing metal prototypes. Why consider CNC machining before buying a production mould?
উত্তর
It can make revised parts directly from stock without dedicated mould tooling.
কার্ড ৮৯
প্রশ্ন
What distinguishes a fusion-weld heat-affected zone from the fusion zone?
উত্তর
The heat-affected zone changes thermally but does not melt; the fusion zone melts and resolidifies.
কার্ড ৯০
প্রশ্ন
Why clean and prepare a metal surface before applying a protective coating?
উত্তর
Contaminants and surface defects can impair coating adhesion and performance.
কার্ড ৯১
প্রশ্ন
Does a corrosion-resistant coating make the underlying material irrelevant?
উত্তর
No. Damage, adhesion, exposure and substrate compatibility still matter.
কার্ড ৯২
প্রশ্ন
Why check build orientation when selecting a layer-built polymer part?
উত্তর
Layer bonding and deposition can make strength depend on direction.
কার্ড ৯৩
প্রশ্ন
A hollow plastic bottle needs a shaped enclosed body. Which process family should you screen first?
উত্তর
Blow moulding; select the exact variant for the material and geometry.
কার্ড ৯৪
প্রশ্ন
Many identical thermoplastic housings are needed. Which process deserves early cost comparison?
উত্তর
Injection moulding, because repeat production can spread tooling cost over many parts.
কার্ড ৯৫
প্রশ্ন
Why does choosing a process also affect material selection?
উত্তর
Materials must tolerate that process and achieve the required finished-part properties.
কার্ড ৯৬
প্রশ্ন
Before releasing a selected material–process combination, what evidence closes the selection loop?
উত্তর
Verify the exact grade, processing condition and part performance against the actual requirements.
৯৬টি কার্ড
Engineering Materials Flashcards: Plastics, Metals and Processing
পড়া শুরু করতে Nibomo খুলবে।