Engineering Materials Flashcards: Plastics, Metals and Processing
96 English cards on material properties, metal and polymer families, manufacturing processes, and qualified selection cases, including sourced ABS and PA6 grades.
เกี่ยวกับชุดการ์ดนี้
Learn engineering materials through concise retrieval and constrained selection problems. These 96 original English cards connect property vocabulary, metal and polymer families, processing mechanisms and practical evidence checks.
Practise concept-to-explanation recall, selected situation-to-property or process choices, alloy-family recognition, and named-grade interpretation for ABS (INEOS Terluran GP-22) and PA6 (BASF Ultramid B3S and B3EG6). A suggested material or process is a screening candidate, not a qualified design.
The sequence introduces properties, then metals, polymers and manufacturing processes. Each topic progresses from mechanisms to applications. Selected case variants are separated from their foundation cards; the review scheduler handles later spacing.
Excluded: automatic reverse cards for every definition, generic numerical property rankings, machine settings, full phase diagrams and design allowables. Exact material properties require the correct grade, test method, temperature, moisture state, orientation and processing history. This is an evergreen topic deck, not a complete materials course or exam syllabus.
AI-assisted questions, answers and generated cover were independently composed and checked against technical sources. No private learner cards, textbook exercises, exam questions or third-party images were copied. Original wording, organization and generated media are offered under CC0 1.0 to the extent applicable rights exist; facts and third-party source material retain their own status.
Factual references include INEOS Terluran GP-22, BASF Ultramid, University of Illinois materials principles, Instron materials testing terms, TWI injection moulding and American Foundry Society metalcasting.
Independent educational material; no affiliation with or endorsement by the named manufacturers, technical bodies or universities.
การ์ดในชุดการ์ดนี้
การ์ด 1
คำถาม
Engineering stress in a tensile test: force divided by what?
คำตอบ
Original specimen cross-sectional area.
การ์ด 2
คำถาม
Engineering strain in a tensile test: extension divided by what?
คำตอบ
Original gauge length. Strain is dimensionless.
การ์ด 3
คำถาม
Elastic deformation: what happens after unloading?
คำตอบ
The deformation recovers.
การ์ด 4
คำถาม
Young’s modulus describes which material behaviour?
คำตอบ
Resistance to elastic tensile or compressive strain, in the linear elastic region.
การ์ด 5
คำถาม
Yield strength marks the onset of what?
คำตอบ
Significant permanent deformation, using the specified yield or proof criterion.
การ์ด 6
คำถาม
Ultimate tensile strength: which point on an engineering stress–strain curve?
คำตอบ
The maximum engineering tensile stress.
การ์ด 7
คำถาม
Ductility describes what happens before tensile fracture?
คำตอบ
How much plastic deformation the material can undergo.
การ์ด 8
คำถาม
Indentation hardness measures resistance to what?
คำตอบ
Localized permanent penetration by an indenter.
การ์ด 9
คำถาม
Tensile toughness: what does the area under the stress–strain curve to fracture represent?
คำตอบ
Energy absorbed per unit volume up to fracture under those test conditions.
การ์ด 10
คำถาม
Density relates which two quantities?
คำตอบ
Mass per unit volume.
การ์ด 11
คำถาม
Thermal conductivity describes which ability?
คำตอบ
Transferring heat through a material under a temperature gradient.
การ์ด 12
คำถาม
Electrical conductivity describes which ability?
คำตอบ
Carrying electric current under an electric field.
การ์ด 13
คำถาม
Creep: what changes under a sustained load over time?
คำตอบ
Deformation increases with time; temperature and stress affect the rate.
การ์ด 14
คำถาม
Fatigue damage is associated with what loading pattern?
คำตอบ
Repeated or fluctuating loading that can initiate and grow cracks.
การ์ด 15
คำถาม
Brittle fracture: how much plastic deformation precedes it?
คำตอบ
Little plastic deformation compared with ductile fracture under the same test conditions.
การ์ด 16
คำถาม
A bracket bends too far but recovers fully. Which property should you examine first?
คำตอบ
Elastic stiffness: material modulus together with the bracket’s geometry.
การ์ด 17
คำถาม
A metal clip stays bent after one overload. Which threshold was exceeded locally?
คำตอบ
Its yield threshold; permanent deformation occurred.
การ์ด 18
คำถาม
A housing must absorb a drop without fracture. Which evidence matters beyond tensile strength?
คำตอบ
Impact-test performance under relevant temperature, notch and geometry conditions.
การ์ด 19
คำถาม
Two materials have equal yield strength. Must their tensile toughness be equal?
คำตอบ
No. Different ductility can produce different energy absorption before fracture.
การ์ด 20
คำถาม
A plastic clamp slowly loosens at fixed deflection. Which time-dependent effect is this?
คำตอบ
Stress relaxation: the stress decreases while the imposed deformation is held.
การ์ด 21
คำถาม
Does a higher hardness alone prove a part will resist every wear mechanism?
คำตอบ
No. Wear also depends on contact, loading, lubrication and the wear mechanism.
การ์ด 22
คำถาม
Why compare impact results only with matching test conditions?
คำตอบ
Specimen geometry, notches, temperature and test method affect measured impact behaviour.
การ์ด 23
คำถาม
Can a generic family property range serve as a finished-part design allowable?
คำตอบ
No. Select a grade, condition and relevant design data before qualifying the part.
การ์ด 24
คำถาม
A lighter material is proposed for the same-size part. Which property predicts its mass change?
คำตอบ
Density, provided the volume remains the same.
การ์ด 25
คำถาม
Ferrous versus nonferrous metals: what is the defining distinction?
คำตอบ
Whether iron is the main constituent. Nonferrous does not mean completely iron-free.
การ์ด 26
คำถาม
Steel belongs to which basic alloy family?
คำตอบ
Iron-based alloys containing carbon, often with other alloying elements.
การ์ด 27
คำถาม
Why specify a steel grade and heat treatment rather than just “steel”?
คำตอบ
Composition and processing change its microstructure and mechanical properties.
การ์ด 28
คำถาม
What is a grain in a polycrystalline metal?
คำตอบ
A crystalline region with a particular lattice orientation.
การ์ด 29
คำถาม
What separates neighbouring metal grains with different orientations?
คำตอบ
A grain boundary.
การ์ด 30
คำถาม
Which crystal defect commonly moves during plastic deformation of metals?
คำตอบ
A dislocation.
การ์ด 31
คำถาม
Cold working usually trades increased strength for what?
คำตอบ
Reduced ductility, as plastic deformation impedes further dislocation motion.
การ์ด 32
คำถาม
What is a common purpose of annealing a cold-worked metal?
คำตอบ
Restore ductility and reduce hardness through a controlled heat treatment.
การ์ด 33
คำถาม
Quenching in metal heat treatment means what cooling step?
คำตอบ
Rapid cooling using a specified medium; the appropriate regime depends on the alloy and intended result.
การ์ด 34
คำถาม
What gives stainless steel much of its corrosion resistance?
คำตอบ
A thin chromium-rich passive surface film.
การ์ด 35
คำถาม
Why distinguish grey cast iron from ductile cast iron during selection?
คำตอบ
Graphite form and resulting mechanical behaviour differ; “cast iron” is not one property set.
การ์ด 36
คำถาม
Why are aluminium alloys often screened for lightweight structures?
คำตอบ
Their relatively low density can help reduce mass; stiffness, strength and geometry still need checking.
การ์ด 37
คำถาม
Why is copper often screened for electrical conductors?
คำตอบ
High electrical conductivity; cost, strength and connection design also matter.
การ์ด 38
คำถาม
Brass is principally an alloy of copper with which element?
คำตอบ
Zinc.
การ์ด 39
คำถาม
Traditional tin bronze is principally an alloy of which two elements?
คำตอบ
Copper and tin. Other bronze families use different alloying additions.
การ์ด 40
คำถาม
Does “stainless” mean immune to chloride corrosion?
คำตอบ
No. Grade, environment and surface condition still govern corrosion resistance.
การ์ด 41
คำถาม
Two dissimilar metals touch in salty water. Which corrosion mechanism should be checked?
คำตอบ
Galvanic corrosion, because electrical contact and an electrolyte can form a galvanic couple.
การ์ด 42
คำถาม
Can you rank aluminium and steel parts by stiffness using only their material names?
คำตอบ
No. Compare the actual moduli and part geometries for the required loading.
การ์ด 43
คำถาม
A copper alloy is stronger than pure copper. Must it conduct electricity equally well?
คำตอบ
No. Alloying changes conductivity as well as mechanical properties; check that alloy’s data.
การ์ด 44
คำถาม
A steel sheet cracks during forming after extensive cold work. What processing step may restore formability?
คำตอบ
An appropriate anneal before further forming; confirm the alloy-specific procedure.
การ์ด 45
คำถาม
What is a common purpose of tempering a quench-hardened steel?
คำตอบ
Improve toughness and ductility, usually with some reduction in hardness.
การ์ด 46
คำถาม
How can an insulating washer help a dissimilar-metal joint resist galvanic corrosion?
คำตอบ
By interrupting the electrical connection, if the whole joint is electrically isolated.
การ์ด 47
คำถาม
Before approving a welded metal component, which material region besides the weld metal needs consideration?
คำตอบ
The heat-affected zone, whose thermal cycle can change properties without melting it.
การ์ด 48
คำถาม
What is the key processing–structure–property lesson for metal selection?
คำตอบ
A chemical composition alone does not determine performance; processing changes microstructure.
การ์ด 49
คำถาม
A polymer is built from what kind of molecular structure?
คำตอบ
Large molecules containing many linked repeating units.
การ์ด 50
คำถาม
Which polymer class can usually be reheated and reshaped: thermoplastics or cured thermosets?
คำตอบ
Thermoplastics. Cross-links in a cured thermoset prevent ordinary melt reshaping.
การ์ด 51
คำถาม
What deformation behaviour distinguishes an elastomer?
คำตอบ
It can undergo substantial deformation and recover toward its original shape when the load is removed, within its working range.
การ์ด 52
คำถาม
What does “semi-crystalline polymer” mean?
คำตอบ
Ordered crystalline regions coexist with amorphous regions.
การ์ด 53
คำถาม
Which polymer regions undergo glass transition: amorphous or crystalline?
คำตอบ
Amorphous regions. Around the glass transition, motion of chain segments becomes much easier.
การ์ด 54
คำถาม
What structural feature prevents a cured thermoset from flowing like a thermoplastic melt?
คำตอบ
A covalently cross-linked network.
การ์ด 55
คำถาม
Why are plasticizers added to some polymer formulations?
คำตอบ
To increase flexibility; the amount and compatibility affect the final properties.
การ์ด 56
คำถาม
Why add UV stabilizers to a polymer intended for outdoor exposure?
คำตอบ
To reduce degradation caused by ultraviolet exposure; the formulation and exposure still need verification.
การ์ด 57
คำถาม
Why can adding glass fibres make moulded polymer properties direction-dependent?
คำตอบ
Fibres become oriented during flow, so reinforcement differs with direction.
การ์ด 58
คำถาม
What structural change separates glass transition from crystalline melting in a polymer?
คำตอบ
Glass transition increases chain-segment mobility in amorphous regions; melting breaks down the ordered crystalline regions.
การ์ด 59
คำถาม
ABS is an abbreviation for which polymer name?
คำตอบ
Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene.
การ์ด 60
คำถาม
PA6 is another name for which polyamide?
คำตอบ
Polyamide 6, also called nylon 6.
การ์ด 61
คำถาม
Why distinguish “dry” from “conditioned” polyamide property data?
คำตอบ
Moisture conditioning changes the material state and can change mechanical behaviour.
การ์ด 62
คำถาม
Does one grade’s ABS datasheet establish the properties of every ABS grade?
คำตอบ
No. Formulation, grade, test method and conditions must match the claim.
การ์ด 63
คำถาม
INEOS Terluran GP-22 is specified for which main shaping process?
คำตอบ
Injection moulding; it is a general-purpose ABS grade.
การ์ด 64
คำถาม
BASF Ultramid B3S is supplied for which main shaping process?
คำตอบ
Injection moulding; BASF describes this PA6 grade as easy-flowing and finely crystalline.
การ์ด 65
คำถาม
A warm polymer bracket carries a constant load for months. Which data are needed beyond a short tensile test?
คำตอบ
Long-term creep data for the relevant load, temperature and material condition.
การ์ด 66
คำถาม
Ultramid B3EG6 differs from unreinforced PA6 by which reinforcement?
คำตอบ
BASF specifies glass-fibre reinforcement for this PA6 injection-moulding grade.
การ์ด 67
คำถาม
Which part category does INEOS identify as a particular application for Terluran GP-22?
คำตอบ
Housings, including appliance housings. This is a candidate application, not automatic design approval.
การ์ด 68
คำถาม
Why keep opened Ultramid B3S granule containers carefully closed?
คำตอบ
To limit moisture absorption before processing.
การ์ด 69
คำถาม
Can glass-filled PA6 data replace unfilled PA6 data in a design check?
คำตอบ
No. Reinforcement changes the material; use the exact grade and relevant orientation data.
การ์ด 70
คำถาม
Must a thermoplastic part be accepted by the local recycling system?
คำตอบ
No. Remeltability alone does not establish collection, sorting or recycling compatibility.
การ์ด 71
คำถาม
For an outdoor ABS housing, is a good indoor impact result enough evidence?
คำตอบ
No. Check weathering, temperature and the exact grade’s suitability for the exposure.
การ์ด 72
คำถาม
BASF lists grips and fixing clamps for Ultramid B3S. What remains to verify for a loaded clamp?
คำตอบ
Grade-specific long-term behaviour at the actual temperature and moisture state, plus the part geometry.
การ์ด 73
คำถาม
Metal casting shapes a part by which change of state?
คำตอบ
Liquid metal solidifies inside a mould.
การ์ด 74
คำถาม
Forging shapes metal by what basic mechanism?
คำตอบ
Compressive plastic deformation of solid metal; it may be performed hot or cold.
การ์ด 75
คำถาม
Extrusion is particularly suited to which basic geometry?
คำตอบ
A continuous length with a substantially constant cross-section, formed through a die.
การ์ด 76
คำถาม
CNC machining is additive or subtractive?
คำตอบ
Subtractive: controlled cutting removes material from a workpiece.
การ์ด 77
คำถาม
Injection moulding of a thermoplastic: what happens after the cavity fills?
คำตอบ
The melt cools and solidifies before the part is ejected.
การ์ด 78
คำถาม
Thermoforming starts from which form of plastic stock?
คำตอบ
A sheet heated until formable, then shaped over or into a mould.
การ์ด 79
คำถาม
Blow moulding is commonly used for which type of plastic part?
คำตอบ
Hollow parts, such as bottles, formed by inflating a heated preform or tube in a mould.
การ์ด 80
คำถาม
Additive manufacturing builds geometry by what basic approach?
คำตอบ
Adding material, commonly layer by layer, from a digital model.
การ์ด 81
คำถาม
In milling, what typically rotates to remove material?
คำตอบ
The cutting tool.
การ์ด 82
คำถาม
Why may a cast part still need machining?
คำตอบ
Selected surfaces may need tighter tolerances or a better finish than the casting provides.
การ์ด 83
คำถาม
Sand casting and permanent-mould casting mainly differ in what tooling feature?
คำตอบ
Sand moulds are expendable; permanent moulds are reused.
การ์ด 84
คำถาม
Why can injection moulding be costly for a very small production run?
คำตอบ
Tooling cost is spread across too few parts; compare total cost at the required volume.
การ์ด 85
คำถาม
A long plastic tube has the same cross-section throughout. Which process is a natural first candidate?
คำตอบ
Extrusion, followed by cooling and cutting to length.
การ์ด 86
คำถาม
A thin plastic packaging tray must be formed from sheet. Which process is a natural first candidate?
คำตอบ
Thermoforming; check wall thinning and the required detail.
การ์ด 87
คำถาม
Why should a forged part’s grain flow be considered in design?
คำตอบ
Deformation creates directional structure; the load direction and process route affect performance.
การ์ด 88
คำถาม
A design needs a few changing metal prototypes. Why consider CNC machining before buying a production mould?
คำตอบ
It can make revised parts directly from stock without dedicated mould tooling.
การ์ด 89
คำถาม
What distinguishes a fusion-weld heat-affected zone from the fusion zone?
คำตอบ
The heat-affected zone changes thermally but does not melt; the fusion zone melts and resolidifies.
การ์ด 90
คำถาม
Why clean and prepare a metal surface before applying a protective coating?
คำตอบ
Contaminants and surface defects can impair coating adhesion and performance.
การ์ด 91
คำถาม
Does a corrosion-resistant coating make the underlying material irrelevant?
คำตอบ
No. Damage, adhesion, exposure and substrate compatibility still matter.
การ์ด 92
คำถาม
Why check build orientation when selecting a layer-built polymer part?
คำตอบ
Layer bonding and deposition can make strength depend on direction.
การ์ด 93
คำถาม
A hollow plastic bottle needs a shaped enclosed body. Which process family should you screen first?
คำตอบ
Blow moulding; select the exact variant for the material and geometry.
การ์ด 94
คำถาม
Many identical thermoplastic housings are needed. Which process deserves early cost comparison?
คำตอบ
Injection moulding, because repeat production can spread tooling cost over many parts.
การ์ด 95
คำถาม
Why does choosing a process also affect material selection?
คำตอบ
Materials must tolerate that process and achieve the required finished-part properties.
การ์ด 96
คำถาม
Before releasing a selected material–process combination, what evidence closes the selection loop?
คำตอบ
Verify the exact grade, processing condition and part performance against the actual requirements.
96 การ์ด
Engineering Materials Flashcards: Plastics, Metals and Processing
Nibomo จะเปิดขึ้นเพื่อให้คุณเริ่มเรียนได้ทันที