CompTIA Security+ SY0-701 Flashcards: Complete Objective Review
Study every current SY0-701 exam domain with original, concise flashcards for security concepts, threats, architecture, operations, and governance.
A pakliról
Build reliable recall across all five current Security+ SY0-701 domains with 744 original, open-response cards. The deck follows the newest official objectives for the current exam series: Version 6.0, accessed on August 25, 2026.
What this deck covers
- General security concepts: control functions, core principles, zero trust, change management, cryptography, certificates, and PKI.
- Threats, vulnerabilities, and mitigations: threat actors, attack vectors, social engineering, platform and application weaknesses, malicious activity, indicators, and defensive choices.
- Security architecture: cloud and virtualization models, secure infrastructure, data protection, availability, backups, and recovery design.
- Security operations: hardening, asset and vulnerability management, monitoring, security tooling, identity and access, automation, incident response, and evidence sources.
- Program management and oversight: governance, risk, third-party security, compliance, privacy, audits, and awareness.
Prompts include concept-to-purpose recall, scenario-to-control or threat identification, and operational comparisons. Reverse prompts appear only when choosing a control, evidence source, or response is useful in practice. Prerequisites come before dependent ideas, while related variants are spaced apart.
The deck excludes multiple-choice practice, copied exam material, dumps, raw objective wording, vague term-only prompts, vendor trivia, and mechanically reversed duplicates. Use it after a course or primary study guide, then add hands-on labs and legitimate practice questions to test application.
Scope was reconciled against CompTIA Security+ SY0-701 Certification Exam: Exam Objectives Version 6.0. Current certification requirements and exam-series status are on the official CompTIA Security+ page.
This is an unofficial educational deck by Flashcards Open Source App. It is not affiliated with, endorsed by, or produced by CompTIA. All card wording and cover artwork are original; no exam questions, answer dumps, objective prose, logos, or trade dress were copied.
Kártyák ebben a pakliban
1. kártya
Kérdés
What does an information security policy establish?
Válasz
Management's required direction, responsibilities, and high-level rules for protecting information and systems.
2. kártya
Kérdés
What is phishing?
Válasz
A deceptive message intended to make a target reveal information, open malware, or take an unsafe action.
3. kártya
Kérdés
What does a public-key certificate bind to an identity?
Válasz
A public key, together with identifying information and the issuer's signature.
4. kártya
Kérdés
What is data at rest?
Válasz
Data stored on media such as disks, databases, backups, or mobile devices.
5. kártya
Kérdés
How does policy-driven access control decide a zero-trust access request?
Válasz
Explicit policies or rules evaluate the access request and drive the allow-or-deny decision.
6. kártya
Kérdés
What does establishing a secure baseline produce?
Válasz
An approved, documented configuration that defines the required secure state for a class of computing resource.
7. kártya
Kérdés
What is hashing used to verify?
Válasz
Whether data has changed by comparing fixed-length digest values.
8. kártya
Kérdés
What is impersonation in social engineering?
Válasz
Pretending to be a trusted person or organization to obtain access, data, or action.
9. kártya
Kérdés
What is virtualization?
Válasz
Abstracting physical compute so multiple isolated guest systems can share a host.
10. kártya
Kérdés
What is chain of custody?
Válasz
A documented history of who collected, handled, transferred, stored, and examined evidence.
11. kártya
Kérdés
What is quantitative risk analysis?
Válasz
Estimating risk with numerical values such as money, frequency, or probability.
12. kártya
Kérdés
What is a phishing awareness campaign?
Válasz
A planned series of guidance, exercises, and reminders that builds recognition and safe reporting behavior.
13. kártya
Kérdés
What is high availability?
Válasz
Designing a service to remain accessible despite expected component failures.
14. kártya
Kérdés
What is a network security zone?
Válasz
A group of systems with similar trust, function, or control requirements.
15. kártya
Kérdés
What is risk transfer?
Válasz
Shifting some financial or operational consequence to another party, such as through insurance or contract.
16. kártya
Kérdés
What is media sanitization?
Válasz
Making stored data infeasible to recover for the intended level of protection.
17. kártya
Kérdés
What does CVSS provide?
Válasz
A standardized way to describe a vulnerability's technical severity characteristics.
18. kártya
Kérdés
What does security alerting do?
Válasz
It turns matched events or behavior into a notification that the right responder can review.
19. kártya
Kérdés
What does a firewall rule enforce?
Válasz
A permit, deny, or inspect decision for traffic that matches defined source, destination, service, protocol, direction, and state conditions.
20. kártya
Kérdés
What is deprovisioning?
Válasz
Disabling or removing accounts, credentials, sessions, and access when they are no longer needed.
21. kártya
Kérdés
How does inline placement differ from a tap or monitor port?
Válasz
Inline traffic passes through the control; a tap or monitor receives a copy for observation.
22. kártya
Kérdés
What is asymmetric encryption?
Válasz
Encryption that uses a mathematically related public and private key pair.
23. kártya
Kérdés
What does SPF authorize?
Válasz
Which mail servers may send mail for a domain in the SMTP envelope.
24. kártya
Kérdés
What is a possession factor?
Válasz
Something the claimant has, such as a cryptographic authenticator.
25. kártya
Kérdés
What does ordinary TLS usually protect and authenticate?
Válasz
It provides encryption and integrity protection, plus server authentication in the usual deployment. Client authentication is added when mutual TLS is configured.
26. kártya
Kérdés
What is single loss expectancy?
Válasz
The estimated loss from one occurrence of a risk event.
27. kártya
Kérdés
What does a certificate authority do?
Válasz
It validates certificate requests and signs certificates so relying parties can verify the binding between an identity and a public key.
28. kártya
Kérdés
What is a detective control meant to do?
Válasz
Identify that an unwanted event has happened or is happening.
29. kártya
Kérdés
What is the security purpose of change-control approval?
Válasz
Ensure authorized reviewers assess risk before the production change occurs.
30. kártya
Kérdés
What is shadow IT?
Válasz
Technology used for organizational work without required approval or oversight.
31. kártya
Kérdés
What is a buffer overflow vulnerability?
Válasz
A bounds-checking failure that lets input overwrite memory outside its intended buffer.
32. kártya
Kérdés
What is ransomware?
Válasz
Malware or an intrusion outcome that denies access to data or systems to extort the victim.
33. kártya
Kérdés
How does network segmentation limit an incident?
Válasz
It restricts communication paths and reduces lateral movement between zones.
34. kártya
Kérdés
How do load balancing and clustering support availability differently?
Válasz
Load balancing distributes requests across healthy instances; clustering makes systems cooperate as one service and tolerate member failure.
35. kártya
Kérdés
What is vendor due diligence?
Válasz
Evaluating a provider's security, capability, stability, and fit before commitment.
36. kártya
Kérdés
Who is a data subject?
Válasz
The person whose personal data is collected or processed.
37. kártya
Kérdés
What is attestation?
Válasz
A formal assertion or report about a subject matter, often supported by an independent examination.
38. kártya
Kérdés
What is a replay attack?
Válasz
Valid captured data is retransmitted to repeat an authenticated or authorized action.
39. kártya
Kérdés
What does a wireless site survey establish?
Válasz
Coverage, interference, channel use, access-point placement, and unauthorized radio sources in the real environment.
40. kártya
Kérdés
What is the time-of-check stage of a race-condition vulnerability?
Válasz
The application verifies a condition or resource state before acting on it.
41. kártya
Kérdés
What is a penetration test?
Válasz
An authorized attempt to exploit weaknesses and demonstrate practical impact.
42. kártya
Kérdés
What is a cold recovery site?
Válasz
A facility with basic space and utilities but little preinstalled technology or current data.
43. kártya
Kérdés
What is data in transit?
Válasz
Data moving between systems or across a network.
44. kártya
Kérdés
What is a vendor security questionnaire?
Válasz
A structured request for information about a provider's controls and practices.
45. kártya
Kérdés
How does an internal actor's starting position differ from an external actor's?
Válasz
An internal actor begins with some trusted access or proximity; an external actor must first cross the perimeter or obtain access.
46. kártya
Kérdés
What can unexpected account lockouts indicate?
Válasz
Password guessing, credential stuffing, user error, or a broken client.
47. kártya
Kérdés
How do permissions enforce access control?
Válasz
They specify which actions a subject may perform on a particular resource.
48. kártya
Kérdés
What is log aggregation?
Válasz
Central collection of logs from multiple sources for search, correlation, and retention.
49. kártya
Kérdés
Why plan a service restart as part of a change?
Válasz
The restart can interrupt dependent users or processes, so the plan needs timing, validation, and rollback steps.
50. kártya
Kérdés
What is infrastructure as code?
Válasz
Managing infrastructure through versioned, machine-readable definitions rather than manual configuration.
51. kártya
Kérdés
What should security-awareness program development start with?
Válasz
The audience's roles, risks, policies, incident lessons, desired behavior, and measurable outcomes.
52. kártya
Kérdés
What is a voice-based social-engineering attack called?
Válasz
Vishing.
53. kártya
Kérdés
What happens during incident-response preparation?
Válasz
Teams establish people, tools, access, communications, training, and procedures before an incident.
54. kártya
Kérdés
What does an offensive penetration-testing team do?
Válasz
It emulates authorized attacker behavior to discover and demonstrate exploitable paths.
55. kártya
Kérdés
What is federation?
Válasz
One security domain relies on identity assertions from another trusted domain.
56. kártya
Kérdés
What is asset classification?
Válasz
Grouping an asset by sensitivity, criticality, or required handling.
57. kártya
Kérdés
What is cross-site scripting?
Válasz
Injection of script-capable content that a browser executes in another site's security context.
58. kártya
Kérdés
What can IDS or IPS trends reveal?
Válasz
Changes in the frequency, source, target, or type of detected activity that one isolated event may not show.
59. kártya
Kérdés
What can unexpected resource inaccessibility indicate?
Válasz
Denial of service, destructive activity, ransomware, permission changes, or an ordinary outage.
60. kártya
Kérdés
What is a corrective control meant to do?
Válasz
Limit damage and restore a secure state after an event.
61. kártya
Kérdés
How do containers differ from virtual machines?
Válasz
Containers share the host kernel; virtual machines normally run separate guest operating systems.
62. kártya
Kérdés
How does an active security device differ from a passive one?
Válasz
An active device can alter or block traffic; a passive device observes and reports without changing the flow.
63. kártya
Kérdés
Why is unsupported software a persistent attack surface?
Válasz
Known weaknesses may remain reachable because supported fixes and vendor help are no longer available.
64. kártya
Kérdés
What is annualized rate of occurrence?
Válasz
The estimated number of times a risk event occurs per year.
65. kártya
Kérdés
What is an inherence factor?
Válasz
A biometric characteristic of the claimant.
66. kártya
Kérdés
What do a threat actor's sophistication and capability describe?
Válasz
The technical skill, tools, knowledge, resources, and operational discipline the actor can apply.
67. kártya
Kérdés
What is a SIEM?
Válasz
A platform that centralizes security data and supports search, correlation, alerting, and investigation.
68. kártya
Kérdés
What is sideloading?
Válasz
Installing software from outside the platform's approved distribution path.
69. kártya
Kérdés
What does an IDS or IPS signature match?
Válasz
A known pattern in traffic or behavior associated with a threat, exploit, or policy violation.
70. kártya
Kérdés
Why are embedded systems often difficult to patch?
Válasz
They may have long lifecycles, specialized firmware, limited downtime, or weak vendor support.
71. kártya
Kérdés
What is a virtual private network?
Válasz
An encrypted logical connection that carries private traffic across an untrusted or shared network.
72. kártya
Kérdés
What should an initial security-awareness report establish?
Válasz
The starting participation, knowledge, behavior, incident, and reporting measures against which later results will be compared.
73. kártya
Kérdés
What is symmetric encryption?
Válasz
Encryption that uses the same secret key to encrypt and decrypt data.
74. kártya
Kérdés
What happens during incident detection?
Válasz
Monitoring or a report identifies activity that may meet the organization's incident criteria.
75. kártya
Kérdés
What is recovery time objective?
Válasz
The target maximum time to restore a function after disruption.
76. kártya
Kérdés
Why prioritize password length?
Válasz
Longer passwords expand the guessing space and support memorable passphrases without predictable substitutions.
77. kártya
Kérdés
What must sanitization accomplish before an asset leaves organizational control?
Válasz
It must make the retained data infeasible to recover with the method appropriate to the media and risk.
78. kártya
Kérdés
What is a real-time operating system designed to provide?
Válasz
Predictable response timing for tasks with strict deadlines.
79. kártya
Kérdés
What does fail-open behavior do when a control fails?
Válasz
It permits traffic or access to preserve availability.
80. kártya
Kérdés
What is jailbreaking or rooting a mobile device?
Válasz
Removing platform restrictions to gain privileged control over the operating system.
81. kártya
Kérdés
What does network access control enforce?
Válasz
Identity, device posture, and access policy at network connection time and during a session.
82. kártya
Kérdés
What does data loss prevention do?
Válasz
Detects and may block sensitive data use or transfer that violates policy.
83. kártya
Kérdés
What security property does a blockchain provide?
Válasz
A chained, tamper-evident record in which changing an earlier entry invalidates later cryptographic links.
84. kártya
Kérdés
What is recovery point objective?
Válasz
The target maximum acceptable data loss measured backward in time.
85. kártya
Kérdés
How do ICS and SCADA relate?
Válasz
An industrial control system controls physical processes; SCADA provides supervisory monitoring and control across distributed industrial equipment.
86. kártya
Kérdés
What does fail-closed behavior do when a control fails?
Válasz
It denies traffic or access to preserve security.
87. kártya
Kérdés
Which keys create and verify a typical digital signature?
Válasz
The signer creates it with a private key, and others verify it with the corresponding public key.
88. kártya
Kérdés
What is SQL injection?
Válasz
Input that alters the structure or meaning of a database query because code and data were not safely separated.
89. kártya
Kérdés
What does DKIM verify?
Válasz
That selected message content was signed by a domain and was not altered after signing.
90. kártya
Kérdés
What is post-incident activity?
Válasz
Learning from the event and improving controls, plans, and recovery based on evidence.
91. kártya
Kérdés
What characterizes an expansionary risk appetite?
Válasz
A greater willingness to accept uncertainty and exposure in pursuit of growth, return, or strategic opportunity.
92. kártya
Kérdés
How do centralized and decentralized architectures differ?
Válasz
Centralized architecture concentrates key services or decisions; decentralized architecture distributes them across independent components or locations.
93. kártya
Kérdés
What does a certificate revocation list publish?
Válasz
Certificate serial numbers that the issuer has invalidated before their scheduled expiration.
94. kártya
Kérdés
What is a legal hold?
Válasz
A directive to preserve potentially relevant information by suspending normal deletion or disposal.
95. kártya
Kérdés
What is exposure factor in quantitative risk analysis?
Válasz
The estimated percentage of an asset's value lost in one event.
96. kártya
Kérdés
What is decentralized architecture?
Válasz
Control or service responsibility is distributed across multiple independent components or locations.
97. kártya
Kérdés
What is tokenization?
Válasz
Replacing sensitive data with a non-sensitive token whose mapping is held separately.
98. kártya
Kérdés
How can automation act as a workforce multiplier?
Válasz
It handles repeatable work consistently so people can focus on judgment, exceptions, investigation, and improvement.
99. kártya
Kérdés
What can endpoint process logs reveal?
Válasz
Which programs ran, their parent-child relationships, users, timing, and command details when captured.
100. kártya
Kérdés
What does the CIA triad protect?
Válasz
Confidentiality protects against unauthorized disclosure, integrity protects accuracy and completeness, and availability protects reliable, timely access.
101. kártya
Kérdés
How does data masking protect information?
Válasz
It hides selected values or characters while preserving a usable representation.
102. kártya
Kérdés
How can a national requirement affect security governance?
Válasz
It can impose country-level duties that policies, controls, records, and oversight must satisfy.
103. kártya
Kérdés
What do integrations and APIs provide to security orchestration?
Válasz
Defined interfaces for exchanging data and triggering actions across tools without manual handoffs.
104. kártya
Kérdés
What makes a compliance report external?
Válasz
It is prepared for a regulator, customer, auditor, partner, or other party outside the organization.
105. kártya
Kérdés
What does a cryptographic algorithm define?
Válasz
The mathematical procedure used to encrypt, decrypt, hash, sign, or otherwise transform protected data.
106. kártya
Kérdés
Why compare systems with a secure baseline regularly?
Válasz
To detect drift, unauthorized changes, and missing hardening.
107. kártya
Kérdés
What does integrity protect?
Válasz
The accuracy and completeness of data and systems against unauthorized change.
108. kártya
Kérdés
What does vulnerability classification organize?
Válasz
Findings into meaningful types or categories so teams can route, compare, and remediate them consistently.
109. kártya
Kérdés
What does a password standard define?
Válasz
Mandatory, measurable requirements for creating, storing, using, and changing passwords.
110. kártya
Kérdés
What technology capacity must a recovery design plan for?
Válasz
The compute, storage, software, licenses, and supporting services needed to meet recovery demand.
111. kártya
Kérdés
What does a confidential data classification indicate?
Válasz
Disclosure is limited to authorized people because exposure could harm the organization or affected parties.
112. kártya
Kérdés
What makes a vendor assessment independent?
Válasz
The assessor is free from responsibility for the vendor activity being evaluated and reports evidence against defined criteria.
113. kártya
Kérdés
What lets a worm spread without attaching itself to another file?
Válasz
It is a standalone program that replicates across reachable systems or services.
114. kártya
Kérdés
What is microsegmentation?
Válasz
Fine-grained isolation of individual workloads or small groups with explicit communication policy.
115. kártya
Kérdés
What can application logs reveal?
Válasz
Transactions, errors, user actions, and application-specific security events.
116. kártya
Kérdés
What does deploying a secure baseline require?
Válasz
Applying the approved settings consistently to the intended resources and verifying the realized configuration.
117. kártya
Kérdés
How can resource-provisioning automation improve security?
Válasz
It creates infrastructure from approved templates with consistent ownership, logging, and baseline controls.
118. kártya
Kérdés
What does availability protect?
Válasz
Reliable, timely access to systems and data when authorized users need them.
119. kártya
Kérdés
Why must a change request describe business impact?
Válasz
So approvers can weigh the benefit, risk, outage, and affected users before authorizing it.
120. kártya
Kérdés
What does an authenticated vulnerability scan add?
Válasz
Credentialed inspection of local versions, settings, and missing patches that a remote scan may miss.
121. kártya
Kérdés
What does a change-management procedure specify?
Válasz
The required steps, roles, evidence, approvals, testing, implementation, validation, and rollback for a change.
122. kártya
Kérdés
What is a sanction for noncompliance?
Válasz
A formal penalty or restriction imposed by an authority for failing to meet a requirement.
123. kártya
Kérdés
How can email deliver a security attack?
Válasz
It can carry a malicious link, attachment, request, or embedded content designed to exploit software or manipulate a recipient.
124. kártya
Kérdés
What is an internal compliance audit?
Válasz
An organization-led examination of whether selected operations and controls meet defined requirements.
125. kártya
Kérdés
What is a Trojan?
Válasz
Malware disguised as legitimate or desirable software.
126. kártya
Kérdés
What is clustering?
Válasz
Multiple systems work together to provide a service and tolerate member failure.
127. kártya
Kérdés
What makes data regulated?
Válasz
A law or regulation imposes specific collection, handling, retention, protection, or disclosure duties.
128. kártya
Kérdés
What does a wireless heat map show?
Válasz
Measured or modeled signal strength and coverage across a physical area.
129. kártya
Kérdés
How should vendor criticality affect due diligence?
Válasz
Higher access, concentration, data sensitivity, or operational dependence warrants deeper evidence and stronger approval.
130. kártya
Kérdés
How can a digital signature support non-repudiation?
Válasz
It provides evidence that the holder of a private key signed specific data.
131. kártya
Kérdés
What should vulnerability prioritization consider beyond severity?
Válasz
Exploitability, exposure, asset importance, environmental context, business impact, and available mitigations.
132. kártya
Kérdés
What is a security guideline?
Válasz
Recommended practice that allows judgment unless adopted as a requirement.
133. kártya
Kérdés
What usually distinguishes a nation-state threat actor?
Válasz
Strategic objectives, substantial resources, patience, and advanced operational capability.
134. kártya
Kérdés
What is spyware?
Válasz
Software that secretly collects information about a user or system.
135. kártya
Kérdés
Why maintain an allow list for applications?
Válasz
Only explicitly approved software is permitted to execute.
136. kártya
Kérdés
How can an image become an attack vector?
Válasz
It may exploit a decoder flaw, hide malicious data, or direct a user through an embedded code.
137. kártya
Kérdés
What makes a security control technical?
Válasz
It is enforced mainly by technology, such as a firewall rule or endpoint policy.
138. kártya
Kérdés
What is identity proofing?
Válasz
Establishing that a person is who they claim to be before issuing an account or credential.
139. kártya
Kérdés
What is an automated security guardrail?
Válasz
A policy control that prevents, flags, or corrects unsafe configuration, such as an overexposed security group.
140. kártya
Kérdés
Why assign an owner to a planned change?
Válasz
To make one party accountable for coordination, execution, and follow-through.
141. kártya
Kérdés
How can national privacy law affect data handling?
Válasz
It can set country-level duties for collection, use, access, retention, transfer, security, and individual rights.
142. kártya
Kérdés
What is continuity of operations?
Válasz
Maintaining essential functions during disruption and restoring supporting capabilities in a planned order.
143. kártya
Kérdés
What security tradeoff comes with BYOD?
Válasz
The organization gains flexibility but has less control over personally owned device configuration, privacy, and lifecycle.
144. kártya
Kérdés
How should policies and handbooks support security training?
Válasz
They provide accessible, current rules and reporting steps that training can apply to real situations.
145. kártya
Kérdés
What is a keylogger?
Válasz
A tool that records keystrokes to capture data such as credentials.
146. kártya
Kérdés
What makes information a trade secret?
Válasz
It provides business value because it is not generally known and is protected through reasonable secrecy measures.
147. kártya
Kérdés
What does authentication establish?
Válasz
It verifies a presented authenticator or credential bound to the claimed identity. Identity proofing establishes the real-world identity behind the claim.
148. kártya
Kérdés
What risk comes from an untrusted file attachment?
Válasz
Opening or parsing it can execute malicious code or expose data.
149. kártya
Kérdés
How does risk tolerance affect vulnerability remediation?
Válasz
It sets how much residual exposure the organization will accept and how quickly a finding must be treated.
150. kártya
Kérdés
How can a global requirement affect security governance?
Válasz
It can require a common control and oversight approach across multiple countries while local obligations still apply.
151. kártya
Kérdés
Why should questionnaire answers be supported by evidence?
Válasz
Self-assertions alone may not prove that controls are designed or operating effectively.
152. kártya
Kérdés
What is an independent third-party audit?
Válasz
An external party with suitable independence examines evidence against defined criteria.
153. kártya
Kérdés
What do account provisioning and deprovisioning do?
Válasz
Provisioning creates an identity and approved access; deprovisioning disables or removes accounts, credentials, sessions, and access when no longer needed.
154. kártya
Kérdés
What is an unskilled attacker commonly called?
Válasz
A script kiddie: someone who relies on tools or instructions created by others.
155. kártya
Kérdés
What is a rootkit?
Válasz
Software designed to maintain privileged, concealed access by altering or subverting the system.
156. kártya
Kérdés
What does an access control list enforce?
Válasz
Explicit permit or deny rules for subjects, traffic, or actions on a protected resource.
157. kártya
Kérdés
What should system security monitoring observe?
Válasz
Host state and behavior such as processes, authentication, configuration, resource use, and security events.
158. kártya
Kérdés
What can operating-system security logs reveal?
Válasz
Authentication, privilege use, policy changes, services, and other host security events.
159. kártya
Kérdés
Why isolate operational technology from general business networks?
Válasz
To limit attack paths into safety- and availability-critical processes.
160. kártya
Kérdés
What is the COPE mobile deployment model?
Válasz
The organization owns the device but permits defined personal use while retaining management control.
161. kártya
Kérdés
What security work belongs in asset acquisition and procurement?
Válasz
Define security requirements before purchase, evaluate the product and vendor against them, and obtain approval before acquisition or deployment.
162. kártya
Kérdés
How can user-provisioning automation improve security?
Válasz
It creates, changes, and removes access from authoritative identity events with consistent approvals and logging.
163. kártya
Kérdés
What people capacity must a continuity plan account for?
Válasz
Enough trained staff, coverage, authority, and specialist knowledge to operate and recover essential services.
164. kártya
Kérdés
What do authorization models define?
Válasz
How permissions are assigned to authenticated subjects and evaluated for requested actions.
165. kártya
Kérdés
Why are removable devices an attack vector?
Válasz
They can introduce malware or remove data while bypassing network controls.
166. kártya
Kérdés
What should predeployment change-test results show?
Válasz
Whether the change meets its acceptance criteria without unacceptable functional, security, or operational effects.
167. kártya
Kérdés
What is the time-of-use stage of a race-condition vulnerability?
Válasz
The application acts on a resource after the check, creating a gap in which another process may change the resource.
168. kártya
Kérdés
What is data in use?
Válasz
Data actively processed in memory or by an application.
169. kártya
Kérdés
What does open-source vulnerability intelligence contribute?
Válasz
Public advisories, exploit reporting, research, and observable activity that help identify and prioritize exposure.
170. kártya
Kérdés
What can file-integrity monitoring detect?
Válasz
Unexpected changes to protected files, directories, or configuration.
171. kártya
Kérdés
Why should deprovisioning be prompt?
Válasz
Former users or roles should not retain usable access.
172. kártya
Kérdés
What is an acceptable use policy?
Válasz
Rules for permitted and prohibited use of organizational systems, accounts, and data.
173. kártya
Kérdés
What makes a compliance report internal?
Válasz
It is prepared for the organization's owners, operators, management, or governance bodies to track compliance and action.
174. kártya
Kérdés
What is a logic bomb?
Válasz
Malicious code that activates when a specified condition or time is reached.
175. kártya
Kérdés
What does a right-to-audit clause provide?
Válasz
Contractual authority to inspect or obtain evidence about agreed controls.
176. kártya
Kérdés
Where should a forward proxy sit in an enterprise traffic path?
Válasz
Between clients and external services so outbound requests pass through policy and logging before reaching destinations.
177. kártya
Kérdés
Which cues should make a message look suspicious?
Válasz
Unexpected context, mismatched identity or links, unusual attachments, urgency, secrecy, and requests for credentials or payment.
178. kártya
Kérdés
What makes a security control managerial?
Válasz
It directs risk and governance through decisions such as policies, assessments, and oversight.
179. kártya
Kérdés
What is the CYOD mobile deployment model?
Válasz
The user selects from organization-approved device options that remain subject to corporate security requirements.
180. kártya
Kérdés
How does client-based vulnerable software differ from an agentless exposure?
Válasz
Client-based exposure depends on installed endpoint software, while an agentless service can be reached and assessed without a local agent.
181. kártya
Kérdés
What makes a risk assessment recurring?
Válasz
It is repeated on a defined schedule so changes in threats, assets, controls, and impact are reevaluated.
182. kártya
Kérdés
What does a defensive penetration-testing team practice?
Válasz
Detection, investigation, containment, and improvement while authorized offensive activity tests the environment.
183. kártya
Kérdés
In a zero-trust data plane, what can the subject or system represent?
Válasz
The user, device, workload, or service requesting access to a protected resource.
184. kártya
Kérdés
What primarily motivates a hacktivist?
Válasz
A political, social, or ideological cause.
185. kártya
Kérdés
What is bloatware?
Válasz
Unnecessary preinstalled software that consumes resources and can expand the attack surface.
186. kártya
Kérdés
Why keep endpoint-protection signatures and engines current?
Válasz
They need current detection logic to recognize newly identified malware and exploit behavior.
187. kártya
Kérdés
What should application security monitoring observe?
Válasz
Application errors, authentication, requests, transactions, dependencies, and behavior that may indicate misuse or compromise.
188. kártya
Kérdés
What is role-based access control?
Válasz
Permissions are assigned to roles, and identities receive access through their roles.
189. kártya
Kérdés
What is geographic dispersal?
Válasz
Placing redundant resources in separate locations so one regional event does not affect all copies.
190. kártya
Kérdés
What is a malicious update?
Válasz
An update that has been intentionally altered or distributed to install harmful code through a trusted update path.
191. kártya
Kérdés
What does static application analysis inspect?
Válasz
Source code, bytecode, or compiled code without executing the application.
192. kártya
Kérdés
What does a firewall access list define?
Válasz
An ordered set of traffic-matching conditions and the action applied when a condition matches.
193. kártya
Kérdés
What does a disaster recovery policy establish?
Válasz
Management expectations for restoring technology and data after a disruptive event.
194. kártya
Kérdés
How does logical segmentation separate workloads that share physical infrastructure?
Válasz
It uses enforced network, identity, or virtualization boundaries to restrict communication without requiring separate hardware.
195. kártya
Kérdés
How should IDS and IPS placement differ?
Válasz
An IDS can monitor copied traffic out of band; an IPS must sit inline to block traffic.
196. kártya
Kérdés
What should automated ticket creation capture?
Válasz
The triggering evidence, affected resource, severity, owner, required action, and a traceable link to the source event.
197. kártya
Kérdés
What makes information intellectual property?
Válasz
It is a protected creation or intangible asset, such as copyrighted work, a patentable invention, a trademark, or a trade secret.
198. kártya
Kérdés
What is a backout plan?
Válasz
Predefined steps for safely reversing a failed or harmful change.
199. kártya
Kérdés
Why is an unsecure wireless network an attack vector?
Válasz
Nearby attackers may intercept traffic, impersonate access points, or reach exposed services when encryption and authentication are weak.
200. kártya
Kérdés
What is physical brute force?
Válasz
Using force to defeat a lock, barrier, enclosure, or other physical control.
201. kártya
Kérdés
What is application sandboxing?
Válasz
Running code in a constrained environment with limited access to the host and data.
202. kártya
Kérdés
Why assign an asset owner?
Válasz
One accountable party must decide its use, protection, and lifecycle.
203. kártya
Kérdés
What happens during risk identification?
Válasz
Teams identify assets, objectives, threats, vulnerabilities, events, and dependencies that could create uncertainty or harm.
204. kártya
Kérdés
What should an SLA state about breach notification?
Válasz
The triggering conditions, notification deadline, required content, contacts, update cadence, and cooperation duties.
205. kártya
Kérdés
How do due diligence and due care differ in compliance?
Válasz
Due diligence investigates and monitors obligations or risk; due care takes the reasonable actions those findings require.
206. kártya
Kérdés
What is attribute-based access control?
Válasz
Policy evaluates attributes of the subject, resource, action, and environment.
207. kártya
Kérdés
What does a zero-trust policy engine do?
Válasz
It evaluates policy and signals to decide whether access should be allowed.
208. kártya
Kérdés
How does a cloud responsibility matrix allocate security duties?
Válasz
It maps each security task to the provider, the customer, or both, according to the service model and agreement.
209. kártya
Kérdés
Where should a load balancer sit in a service path?
Válasz
In front of service instances so it can route requests to healthy backends.
210. kártya
Kérdés
What should the security team do with a reported suspicious message?
Válasz
Triage it, protect other recipients, preserve useful evidence, and tell the reporter what action to take.
211. kártya
Kérdés
What makes an operating-system vulnerability high impact?
Válasz
It can affect every application and security control that relies on the compromised OS.
212. kártya
Kérdés
What does dynamic application analysis inspect?
Válasz
The behavior and externally visible weaknesses of a running application.
213. kártya
Kérdés
How can false-positive trends affect IDS or IPS tuning?
Válasz
Repeated false positives reveal signatures, thresholds, or contexts that need adjustment; IPS errors also risk blocking legitimate traffic.
214. kártya
Kérdés
What does a business continuity policy establish?
Válasz
Management expectations for sustaining and restoring critical business functions.
215. kártya
Kérdés
What is a hot recovery site?
Válasz
A ready, synchronized environment intended to take over quickly.
216. kártya
Kérdés
What makes an insider threat distinct?
Válasz
The actor has legitimate access or organizational knowledge that can be misused.
217. kártya
Kérdés
What is RFID cloning?
Válasz
Copying an RFID credential's data so another token can impersonate it when the system lacks stronger protections.
218. kártya
Kérdés
Why apply vendor security updates promptly?
Válasz
They remove known weaknesses before attackers can exploit the unpatched exposure.
219. kártya
Kérdés
What should infrastructure security monitoring observe?
Válasz
Network, cloud, identity, facility, and platform signals that reveal availability, configuration, or attack activity.
220. kártya
Kérdés
What can firewall logs reveal?
Válasz
Allowed or denied network connections across controlled boundaries.
221. kártya
Kérdés
Why minimize open service ports?
Válasz
Each reachable service adds code, configuration, and authentication paths an attacker can probe.
222. kártya
Kérdés
What is threat hunting?
Válasz
A proactive search for evidence of malicious activity that existing detections have not confirmed.
223. kártya
Kérdés
What triggers an ad hoc risk assessment?
Válasz
A specific change, incident, finding, or decision that requires evaluation outside the regular schedule.
224. kártya
Kérdés
What makes an assessment external?
Válasz
A party outside the organization evaluates a defined scope against stated criteria and reports its conclusions.
225. kártya
Kérdés
What is data sovereignty?
Válasz
The principle that data is subject to laws and governance of the jurisdiction where it is located or controlled.
226. kártya
Kérdés
What security boundary does a cellular connection create for a mobile device?
Válasz
It uses the carrier network instead of local Wi-Fi, but still requires trusted applications, encrypted traffic, and managed device policy.
227. kártya
Kérdés
What makes a security control operational?
Válasz
It is carried out mainly by people and processes, such as security-awareness training or incident-response procedures.
228. kártya
Kérdés
What is discretionary access control?
Válasz
A resource owner can decide who receives access, within system policy.
229. kártya
Kérdés
How can careful automation support employee retention?
Válasz
It reduces repetitive toil and alert handling while leaving meaningful judgment and improvement work with people.
230. kártya
Kérdés
Why does ease of deployment matter in an architecture decision?
Válasz
A design that can be deployed consistently and safely reduces configuration error, rollout time, and operational burden.
231. kártya
Kérdés
What tradeoff comes with placing an NGFW inline?
Válasz
It can block application-aware threats, but failure or overload can interrupt traffic unless availability and fail-mode behavior are designed.
232. kártya
Kérdés
What does a zero-trust policy administrator do?
Válasz
It carries out the policy engine's decision, such as creating or ending a session.
233. kártya
Kérdés
What should a master service agreement define for data return and deletion?
Válasz
The format, timing, verification, retained copies, exceptions, and responsibilities when the service or contract ends.
234. kártya
Kérdés
What is an environmental physical attack?
Válasz
Causing harmful conditions such as heat, water, fire, or power loss to disrupt equipment or facilities.
235. kártya
Kérdés
When should a maintenance window be chosen?
Válasz
When disruption and rollback can be managed with the least business impact.
236. kártya
Kérdés
What is memory injection?
Válasz
Placing malicious code or data into another process's memory so it executes in that process's context.
237. kártya
Kérdés
What does software composition analysis find?
Válasz
Known risks and license information in third-party dependencies.
238. kártya
Kérdés
What is DNS filtering?
Válasz
Blocking or redirecting DNS lookups for domains that policy considers malicious or inappropriate.
239. kártya
Kérdés
What should an incident response policy establish?
Válasz
Authority, scope, reporting duties, and organizational commitment for incident handling.
240. kártya
Kérdés
How can noncompliance cause reputational damage?
Válasz
Customers, partners, employees, or the public may lose trust when the organization fails a stated or required duty.
241. kártya
Kérdés
What does full-disk encryption protect?
Válasz
All data stored on the disk while the device is powered off or the disk is removed, subject to proper key protection.
242. kártya
Kérdés
Why are default credentials dangerous?
Válasz
They are widely known or easily discovered and often remain unchanged.
243. kártya
Kérdés
What makes a risk assessment one-time?
Válasz
It evaluates a defined decision or scope once without an established repeating cadence.
244. kártya
Kérdés
What is a warm recovery site?
Válasz
A partially equipped environment that needs some data restoration or configuration before use.
245. kártya
Kérdés
What does application input validation do?
Válasz
It checks that input matches the expected type, length, range, and format before use.
246. kártya
Kérdés
What should an asset inventory record besides a device name?
Válasz
Identifiers, owner, location, status, classification, dependencies, and supported version as applicable.
247. kártya
Kérdés
What is mandatory access control?
Válasz
A central authority enforces access through labels and rules that ordinary owners cannot override.
248. kártya
Kérdés
What security benefit does infrastructure as code provide?
Válasz
Repeatable, reviewable deployments that reduce undocumented configuration drift.
249. kártya
Kérdés
When should a public service control fail closed?
Válasz
When allowing unchecked traffic would create greater harm than an outage, the failed control should block the path.
250. kártya
Kérdés
What should users do with a suspicious message?
Válasz
Report it through the approved channel without interacting with its links or attachments.
251. kártya
Kérdés
What usually motivates organized cybercrime?
Válasz
Financial gain through scalable or repeatable criminal activity.
252. kártya
Kérdés
How can malicious code support a network attack?
Válasz
It can establish control, scan reachable systems, move laterally, or disrupt networked services after execution.
253. kártya
Kérdés
When is virtual patching useful?
Válasz
When a network or application control can block exploit traffic before the underlying system can be patched.
254. kártya
Kérdés
What does security-monitoring reporting provide?
Válasz
A summarized, audience-appropriate view of findings, trends, risk, and response status.
255. kártya
Kérdés
What does data geolocation identify?
Válasz
The physical or legal location where data is stored, processed, or transmitted.
256. kártya
Kérdés
What does a zero-trust policy enforcement point do?
Válasz
It enables, monitors, and terminates the connection between a subject and a resource.
257. kártya
Kérdés
What is cryptographic key exchange?
Válasz
A method for parties to establish shared key material over an untrusted channel.
258. kártya
Kérdés
How can a vendor become a supply-chain attack vector?
Válasz
An attacker can compromise the vendor's product, update, credentials, or support channel to reach the vendor's customers.
259. kártya
Kérdés
Why can legacy hardware remain vulnerable?
Válasz
It may lack current security features, supported firmware, replacement parts, or compatibility with modern controls.
260. kártya
Kérdés
What can proprietary vulnerability intelligence add beyond open sources?
Válasz
Curated analysis, customer-specific context, private telemetry, or earlier reporting available under a commercial or trusted relationship.
261. kártya
Kérdés
How does a centralized proxy apply web filtering?
Válasz
It receives client web requests at a shared enforcement point and applies policy before forwarding allowed traffic.
262. kártya
Kérdés
How can continuous integration and testing improve security automation?
Válasz
Changes receive repeatable checks before deployment instead of reaching production unvalidated.
263. kártya
Kérdés
What is containment?
Válasz
Limiting an incident's spread or damage while preserving necessary operations and evidence.
264. kártya
Kérdés
What is a software development lifecycle policy meant to ensure?
Válasz
Security requirements and checks are integrated throughout design, development, release, and maintenance.
265. kártya
Kérdés
What makes risk assessment continuous?
Válasz
Relevant signals and changes update the risk view as they occur instead of waiting for a scheduled review.
266. kártya
Kérdés
What is a memorandum of agreement?
Válasz
A document that records agreed responsibilities and commitments between parties; its legal effect depends on its terms and jurisdiction.
267. kártya
Kérdés
What makes a penetration test integrated?
Válasz
Offensive and defensive teams coordinate the exercise to test both attack paths and detection or response.
268. kártya
Kérdés
How does a DNS amplification attack magnify traffic?
Válasz
It sends small spoofed queries that trigger larger replies toward the victim.
269. kártya
Kérdés
Why does ease of recovery matter in an architecture decision?
Válasz
The design should let operators restore service and trusted state without fragile, slow, or undocumented steps.
270. kártya
Kérdés
What does 802.1X control before a device receives normal network access?
Válasz
Port-based admission; the device or user must authenticate through the access device before ordinary traffic is allowed.
271. kártya
Kérdés
What is rule-based access control?
Válasz
System-wide rules grant or deny access based on conditions such as network, time, or action.
272. kártya
Kérdés
What is mobile device management?
Válasz
Central enrollment, configuration, monitoring, and enforcement for managed mobile devices.
273. kártya
Kérdés
What tradeoff comes with a cold recovery site?
Válasz
It costs less to maintain, but recovery takes longer because systems, data, and connectivity must be prepared after activation.
274. kártya
Kérdés
Why identify stakeholders before approving a security-sensitive change?
Válasz
They can identify operational impact, dependencies, and acceptance criteria that the implementer may otherwise miss.
275. kártya
Kérdés
How do attestation and acknowledgement differ?
Válasz
Attestation asserts that a condition or control is true; acknowledgement confirms receipt or understanding of a requirement.
276. kártya
Kérdés
What does zero-trust adaptive identity mean?
Válasz
Access decisions adjust to current risk signals rather than relying only on a static login.
277. kártya
Kérdés
What makes a security control physical?
Válasz
It protects facilities or equipment through a tangible barrier or mechanism.
278. kártya
Kérdés
What is geo-fencing for data?
Válasz
Enforcing location-based boundaries on where data or services may be accessed or operated.
279. kártya
Kérdés
What does a Trusted Platform Module protect?
Válasz
Hardware-backed keys and measurements used for device identity, disk protection, and boot-state attestation.
280. kártya
Kérdés
Why can a managed service provider amplify risk?
Válasz
Its privileged access and shared tooling can provide a path into many customers.
281. kártya
Kérdés
What does probability express in risk analysis?
Válasz
A quantified chance that a defined event will occur within stated conditions or time.
282. kártya
Kérdés
Why can shadow IT create a threat?
Válasz
It bypasses security review, inventory, monitoring, and supported configuration.
283. kártya
Kérdés
What is on-path interception?
Válasz
An attacker positions between communicating parties to observe or alter traffic.
284. kártya
Kérdés
Why include encryption in a system-hardening baseline?
Válasz
It limits data exposure if storage, traffic, or a protected secret is accessed outside the intended trust boundary.
285. kártya
Kérdés
Why tune security alerts?
Válasz
To keep useful detections while reducing noise that wastes analyst attention.
286. kártya
Kérdés
What can IPS or IDS logs contribute to an investigation?
Válasz
The matched rule or signature, source and destination, timestamp, action, and traffic context around detected activity.
287. kártya
Kérdés
What is VM escape?
Válasz
A vulnerability that lets code break out of a virtual machine and affect the host or another guest.
288. kártya
Kérdés
How can segmentation reduce vulnerability exposure before a patch is available?
Válasz
It limits which systems and users can reach the vulnerable service and restricts paths for lateral movement.
289. kártya
Kérdés
Why should firewall policy name the required ports and protocols explicitly?
Válasz
Explicit scope permits only the intended service traffic and avoids exposing unnecessary network paths.
290. kártya
Kérdés
What is a change management policy meant to control?
Válasz
How changes are requested, assessed, approved, tested, implemented, and reviewed.
291. kártya
Kérdés
What is a hybrid-cloud architecture?
Válasz
An environment that integrates private or on-premises resources with public cloud services.
292. kártya
Kérdés
How do AH and ESP differ in the security services they can provide?
Válasz
AH provides integrity and data-origin authentication without confidentiality. ESP can provide confidentiality and may also provide integrity and data-origin authentication. Actual services depend on AH or ESP, mode, algorithms, and policy/configuration.
293. kártya
Kérdés
What makes user behavior risky?
Válasz
It creates avoidable exposure, such as bypassing controls, mishandling data, or using unapproved access paths.
294. kártya
Kérdés
What is least privilege?
Válasz
Granting only the access needed for the required task and no more.
295. kártya
Kérdés
What do Secure, HttpOnly, and SameSite cookie attributes restrict?
Válasz
Transmission to HTTPS, script access, and cross-site sending, respectively.
296. kártya
Kérdés
Why discover unmanaged assets?
Válasz
Unknown systems cannot be patched, monitored, or governed reliably.
297. kártya
Kérdés
What is a service-level agreement?
Válasz
Measurable service commitments and remedies, such as availability or response targets.
298. kártya
Kérdés
What should govern automated security escalation?
Válasz
Clear severity criteria, ownership, evidence, rate limits, and a fallback path when the automation cannot decide safely.
299. kártya
Kérdés
What is platform diversity as a resilience strategy?
Válasz
Using different implementations so one common flaw or failure is less likely to affect every copy.
300. kártya
Kérdés
How can replayed session material affect an application?
Válasz
It can let an attacker reuse a captured token or request to impersonate a valid session or repeat an authorized action.
301. kártya
Kérdés
What is an implicit trust zone in zero trust?
Válasz
A boundary where access was previously trusted by location alone and must instead receive explicit policy enforcement.
302. kártya
Kérdés
What does salting a password hash accomplish?
Válasz
It makes identical passwords hash differently and defeats precomputed hash tables.
303. kártya
Kérdés
What is spear phishing?
Válasz
Phishing tailored to a specific person, role, or organization.
304. kártya
Kérdés
What is eradication?
Válasz
Removing the attacker's access, malicious artifacts, and exploited conditions.
305. kártya
Kérdés
Who is a risk owner?
Válasz
The person accountable for deciding and monitoring how a specific risk is handled.
306. kártya
Kérdés
What does a partially known penetration-test environment provide?
Válasz
The tester receives limited information or access, modeling an attacker with some insider knowledge or initial foothold.
307. kártya
Kérdés
What is a microservices architecture?
Válasz
An application is split into small independently deployable services with explicit interfaces and distributed trust boundaries.
308. kártya
Kérdés
What is a jump server?
Válasz
A hardened intermediary used to reach systems in a restricted management network.
309. kártya
Kérdés
What can happen when a configuration change is made without dependency analysis?
Válasz
A downstream service can fail even when the changed component works.
310. kártya
Kérdés
What is resource reuse exposure?
Válasz
Sensitive data from a previous use remains accessible when storage or memory is reassigned.
311. kártya
Kérdés
Why does financial information require explicit protection?
Válasz
It can expose accounts, transactions, forecasts, or reporting and may create fraud, legal, or business risk if altered or disclosed.
312. kártya
Kérdés
What does CVE provide?
Válasz
A common identifier for a publicly disclosed vulnerability.
313. kártya
Kérdés
Where can DLP controls operate?
Válasz
On endpoints, networks, email, and cloud services, depending on the product and visibility.
314. kártya
Kérdés
What does privileged password vaulting protect?
Válasz
It stores and controls use of privileged secrets so users or automation do not need to know or retain the underlying password.
315. kártya
Kérdés
What does an access-control standard define?
Válasz
Mandatory, measurable requirements for identity, authentication, authorization, review, and removal of access.
316. kártya
Kérdés
How can automation support compliance monitoring?
Válasz
It can collect evidence, test controls, flag exceptions, and produce repeatable reports, with human review of context.
317. kártya
Kérdés
What does static code analysis examine?
Válasz
Source or compiled code for weakness patterns without executing the application.
318. kártya
Kérdés
What actor attribute describes funding, time, and personnel?
Válasz
Resources.
319. kártya
Kérdés
What is DNS poisoning?
Válasz
Introducing false DNS data so names resolve to attacker-chosen destinations.
320. kártya
Kérdés
Why change default credentials during hardening?
Válasz
Default secrets are predictable and commonly targeted.
321. kártya
Kérdés
What does quarantine do after a security alert?
Válasz
It restricts a suspected asset or object while analysts validate and remediate the risk.
322. kártya
Kérdés
What does key stretching do for stored passwords?
Válasz
It deliberately makes each password guess more computationally expensive.
323. kártya
Kérdés
What is smishing?
Válasz
Phishing delivered through SMS or another text-messaging service.
324. kártya
Kérdés
What is qualitative risk analysis?
Válasz
Using descriptive scales such as low, medium, and high to compare likelihood and impact.
325. kártya
Kérdés
What is a master service agreement?
Válasz
An umbrella contract establishing general legal and commercial terms for ongoing work.
326. kártya
Kérdés
What is threat scope reduction?
Válasz
Narrowing the systems, privileges, or paths an attacker can reach.
327. kártya
Kérdés
Why use a third-party cloud service instead of building locally?
Válasz
It can provide faster deployment, elasticity, and managed capabilities, with added dependency and governance risk.
328. kártya
Kérdés
What should determine security-device placement?
Válasz
The traffic or resource to observe or enforce, the trust boundary, failure behavior, reachability, and resilience needs.
329. kártya
Kérdés
What does situational awareness mean for a user?
Válasz
Notice the people, devices, requests, location, and context around a task before acting.
330. kártya
Kérdés
What does a failover test validate?
Válasz
That the service can transfer to the alternate component or site within the required recovery targets under the tested conditions.
331. kártya
Kérdés
What is a preventive control meant to do?
Válasz
Stop an unwanted event before it succeeds.
332. kártya
Kérdés
What is just-in-time privileged access?
Válasz
Elevated access is granted only when needed and expires after a short approved period.
333. kártya
Kérdés
What safeguard should security-group automation enforce?
Válasz
Least-privileged rules tied to an approved resource, owner, purpose, and review or expiration point.
334. kártya
Kérdés
How does a reflected DDoS attack hide and multiply sources?
Válasz
The attacker spoofs the victim's address so many third-party services send their replies to the victim.
335. kártya
Kérdés
What is a security misconfiguration?
Válasz
An unsafe setting, such as public storage, default access, or excessive permissions, that exposes a resource.
336. kártya
Kérdés
Why can the same vulnerability have different organizational impact?
Válasz
Industry obligations, business processes, safety needs, data sensitivity, and asset criticality change the consequence of exploitation.
337. kártya
Kérdés
What does URL scanning evaluate before a user opens a web destination?
Válasz
The address, redirect chain, reputation, category, and known threat indicators associated with the destination.
338. kártya
Kérdés
What is the board's security governance role?
Válasz
Provide oversight, set risk direction, and hold executives accountable.
339. kártya
Kérdés
What does code signing establish?
Válasz
That code came from the holder of the signing key and has not changed since signing.
340. kártya
Kérdés
How should an asset's classification affect security operations?
Válasz
It should drive handling, access, monitoring, recovery, and disposal controls that match the asset's sensitivity and impact.
341. kártya
Kérdés
How does encryption protect data?
Válasz
It uses a cryptographic key to transform plaintext into ciphertext, which authorized parties can decrypt with the required key while unauthorized readers cannot feasibly recover the original data.
342. kártya
Kérdés
What is a secure enclave?
Válasz
A hardware-isolated execution area intended to protect selected code and data from the rest of the system.
343. kártya
Kérdés
What is business email compromise?
Válasz
Impersonation or takeover of a business identity to induce a fraudulent action, often a payment or data release.
344. kártya
Kérdés
What is recovery in incident response?
Válasz
Restoring services safely, monitoring them, and returning to normal operations.
345. kártya
Kérdés
How is single loss expectancy commonly estimated?
Válasz
Asset value multiplied by the exposure factor.
346. kártya
Kérdés
What does an unknown penetration-test environment provide?
Válasz
The tester begins with little or no internal information, modeling an external attacker's discovery process.
347. kártya
Kérdés
What security boundary does a hypervisor provide?
Válasz
It isolates virtual machines while controlling their access to shared hardware.
348. kártya
Kérdés
Why does a TLS tunnel not protect a compromised endpoint?
Válasz
TLS protects data between endpoints; malware or misuse at either endpoint can access the data before encryption or after decryption.
349. kártya
Kérdés
Why update diagrams after an infrastructure change?
Válasz
Operations and incident responders need the documentation to match the deployed environment.
350. kártya
Kérdés
What does privacy ownership assign?
Válasz
An accountable role for privacy decisions, obligations, data inventory, and corrective action.
351. kártya
Kérdés
What does a security control gap analysis compare?
Válasz
The controls required for the target state with the controls currently in place.
352. kártya
Kérdés
Someone outside the organization steals an employee's VPN credentials and logs in. Is the actor internal or external?
Válasz
External. Stolen internal credentials provide access but do not change the outsider's relationship to the organization.
353. kártya
Kérdés
What is application privilege escalation?
Válasz
Exploiting a flaw or misconfiguration to gain permissions beyond those originally granted.
354. kártya
Kérdés
What risk remains when unnecessary software is left installed?
Válasz
Its code, services, dependencies, and privileges add attack surface even when users do not need it.
355. kártya
Kérdés
What does SCAP standardize?
Válasz
Formats and identifiers for expressing, checking, and scoring security configuration and vulnerability information.
356. kártya
Kérdés
What can packet capture reveal?
Válasz
Protocol-level conversation details and payloads when traffic is not encrypted and collection is authorized.
357. kártya
Kérdés
What makes a privileged credential ephemeral?
Válasz
It is created for a limited task or session and expires or is destroyed automatically after that use.
358. kártya
Kérdés
How do a statement of work and a work order differ?
Válasz
A statement of work defines scope, deliverables, schedule, and responsibilities; a work order authorizes a defined unit of work under an agreement.
359. kártya
Kérdés
Why might multi-cloud improve resilience?
Válasz
A provider-wide failure need not stop workloads that can run independently elsewhere.
360. kártya
Kérdés
How can a service provider introduce a supply-chain vulnerability?
Válasz
Its privileged access, hosted service, or compromised integration can expose customers that depend on it.
361. kártya
Kérdés
What is a false positive in vulnerability scanning?
Válasz
A reported weakness that is not actually present or exploitable in the assessed context.
362. kártya
Kérdés
How do EDR and XDR differ?
Válasz
EDR focuses on endpoint telemetry and response; XDR correlates detection and response across endpoints and other security domains.
363. kártya
Kérdés
What should onboarding and offboarding procedures coordinate?
Válasz
Identity, access, equipment, data, training, approvals, and ownership changes at the start or end of a relationship.
364. kártya
Kérdés
How should an organization harden managed mobile devices?
Válasz
Enforce an MDM baseline with timely updates, screen lock and encryption, least privilege, approved apps, and remote lock or wipe.
365. kártya
Kérdés
What is a certificate signing request?
Válasz
A request containing a public key and subject information for a certificate authority to sign.
366. kártya
Kérdés
What is pretexting?
Válasz
Using a fabricated role or situation to make a request seem legitimate.
367. kártya
Kérdés
How is annualized loss expectancy commonly estimated?
Válasz
Single loss expectancy multiplied by annualized rate of occurrence.
368. kártya
Kérdés
What security consequence follows from containers sharing a kernel?
Válasz
A host-kernel compromise can affect multiple containers, so kernel and runtime hardening matter.
369. kártya
Kérdés
Where does 802.1X enforce a network admission decision?
Válasz
At the controlled switch port or wireless access point before normal network access is granted.
370. kártya
Kérdés
What should insider-threat awareness teach?
Válasz
Recognize misuse or concerning behavior without profiling people, and report evidence through approved channels.
371. kártya
Kérdés
What access action is suitable for careful automation?
Válasz
Enabling or disabling a defined service or account from an approved lifecycle or incident event.
372. kártya
Kérdés
What is an evil twin?
Válasz
A rogue wireless network made to resemble a legitimate one so users connect to it.
744 kártya
CompTIA Security+ SY0-701 Flashcards: Complete Objective Review
Tanulj ingyen ebből a paklibólA Nibomo megnyílik, és elkezdheted a tanulást.
373. kártya
Kérdés
Does non-human-readable data need less protection?
Válasz
No. Encoded or machine-readable data can carry the same sensitive meaning and impact.
374. kártya
Kérdés
What does authenticating a system establish?
Válasz
It verifies a presented authenticator or credential bound to the claimed device, workload, or service identity. Identity proofing or enrollment establishes what real-world entity that identity represents.
375. kártya
Kérdés
What does LDAP provide in identity systems?
Válasz
A standard protocol for querying and modifying directory entries such as users, groups, and attributes.
376. kártya
Kérdés
What is a deterrent control meant to do?
Válasz
Discourage an attacker from attempting an unwanted action.
377. kártya
Kérdés
Why update procedures after changing a security control?
Válasz
Staff need accurate steps for operating, monitoring, and recovering the new control.
378. kártya
Kérdés
How does OCSP differ from a certificate revocation list?
Válasz
OCSP returns status for a specific certificate, while a revocation list distributes a signed set of revoked certificate serial numbers.
379. kártya
Kérdés
What is the goal of data exfiltration?
Válasz
Remove data from its authorized environment without permission.
380. kártya
Kérdés
What is a watering-hole attack?
Válasz
Compromising a site frequented by the intended targets so their visits expose them.
381. kártya
Kérdés
How can a hardware provider introduce a supply-chain vulnerability?
Válasz
A compromised component, firmware image, manufacturing step, or delivery path can weaken the device before deployment.
382. kártya
Kérdés
What is application forgery?
Válasz
Creating or altering a request, token, or object so the application treats it as authentic.
383. kártya
Kérdés
How does least privilege mitigate compromise?
Válasz
It limits the actions and resources available to a compromised account or process.
384. kártya
Kérdés
What is serverless computing?
Válasz
A model where the provider manages servers and the customer deploys event-driven code or functions.
385. kártya
Kérdés
What makes an infrastructure control effective for a specific risk?
Válasz
Its placement, failure behavior, visibility, enforcement scope, and operating cost match the protected path and threat.
386. kártya
Kérdés
What does parallel recovery processing test?
Válasz
Whether primary and alternate environments can run together consistently before a controlled cutover.
387. kártya
Kérdés
Which password-authentication method does WPA3-Personal use?
Válasz
Simultaneous Authentication of Equals, which replaces WPA2-Personal's PSK authentication and resists offline password guessing.
388. kártya
Kérdés
How does data retention affect asset disposal?
Válasz
Required data must be preserved for its retention period, while expired data should be sanitized before reuse or destruction.
389. kártya
Kérdés
What is a false negative in vulnerability scanning?
Válasz
A real weakness that the assessment fails to report.
390. kártya
Kérdés
What does recurring security scanning add to monitoring?
Válasz
Periodic discovery of exposed services, missing fixes, weak configurations, or other detectable changes.
391. kártya
Kérdés
What should guide port selection for a secure protocol?
Válasz
Use the documented service port or an explicitly managed alternative, and expose it only on the required interfaces and paths.
392. kártya
Kérdés
What does forensic acquisition create?
Válasz
A controlled, documented copy or collection of relevant evidence while preserving its integrity and context.
393. kártya
Kérdés
How do system owners and data owners divide security accountability?
Válasz
A system owner is accountable for the system's risk, access, operation, and lifecycle; a data owner sets the data's classification, access, handling, and retention requirements.
394. kártya
Kérdés
What does likelihood express in risk analysis?
Válasz
A reasoned estimate of how plausible or frequent an event is, often stated qualitatively when precise probability is unavailable.
395. kártya
Kérdés
What is a memorandum of understanding?
Válasz
A documented understanding of intentions and responsibilities, whose legal effect depends on its terms and jurisdiction.
396. kártya
Kérdés
What does the right to be forgotten generally require?
Válasz
Deletion of qualifying personal data when the applicable law grants the right and no overriding retention duty applies.
397. kártya
Kérdés
What does an audit committee oversee?
Válasz
Audit independence, plans, significant findings, management responses, and corrective-action follow-through.
398. kártya
Kérdés
What does identity interoperability require?
Válasz
Compatible protocols, attribute meanings, trust, and lifecycle behavior across connected systems.
399. kártya
Kérdés
How does a bollard protect a facility?
Válasz
It blocks or redirects vehicles before they can reach a protected area.
400. kártya
Kérdés
How can hashing protect a downloaded file?
Válasz
A trusted digest lets the recipient detect whether the file changed.
401. kártya
Kérdés
What is a credential replay attack?
Válasz
Using captured valid credentials or tokens again without needing to discover the secret.
402. kártya
Kérdés
How can automation complexity create security risk?
Válasz
Hidden dependencies and branching behavior can make failures difficult to predict, diagnose, contain, or reverse.
403. kártya
Kérdés
What must an architecture provide when a component cannot be patched?
Válasz
Compensating isolation, restricted access, monitoring, and a replacement plan that reduce exposure until the component can be retired.
404. kártya
Kérdés
What makes remote access secure?
Válasz
Controlled, authenticated, encrypted access to a private resource from outside its local trusted network.
405. kártya
Kérdés
What should users verify before connecting removable media or a cable?
Válasz
That the device and connection are approved, expected, and handled under organizational policy.
406. kártya
Kérdés
What is a self-signed certificate?
Válasz
A certificate signed by its own private key rather than by a separate trusted issuer.
407. kártya
Kérdés
What is brand impersonation?
Válasz
Using a trusted organization's identity or look to deceive people.
408. kártya
Kérdés
What characterizes a conservative risk appetite?
Válasz
A preference for lower uncertainty and exposure, even when that limits speed, return, or opportunity.
409. kártya
Kérdés
What should a managed mobile device verify before using Wi-Fi?
Válasz
The expected network identity, strong encryption, trusted authentication, and policy compliance before sending sensitive traffic.
410. kártya
Kérdés
What is a zero-day vulnerability?
Válasz
A flaw previously unknown to the vendor or defenders, or one without an available fix when discovered. A zero-day exploit is code or a technique that attacks such a flaw.
411. kártya
Kérdés
What does verification confirm after vulnerability remediation?
Válasz
Retesting confirms that the remediation removed or reduced the finding as intended within the tested scope.
412. kártya
Kérdés
What is user and entity behavior analytics?
Válasz
Analysis that identifies deviations from expected behavior for users, accounts, hosts, or services.
413. kártya
Kérdés
What does a physical security policy establish?
Válasz
Required protection for facilities, people, equipment, entry, monitoring, and response to physical events.
414. kártya
Kérdés
What does a UPS provide?
Válasz
Immediate short-term power and power conditioning while systems shut down or alternate power starts.
415. kártya
Kérdés
What is a nondisclosure agreement?
Válasz
A contract restricting use and disclosure of defined confidential information.
416. kártya
Kérdés
What should be checked before assigning a user permission?
Válasz
The user's approved duties, the resource and action allowed, separation-of-duties conflicts, and the impact if the permission is misused.
417. kártya
Kérdés
How does espionage differ from ordinary theft?
Válasz
It seeks confidential intelligence for strategic advantage, often while remaining hidden.
418. kártya
Kérdés
What is password spraying?
Válasz
Trying a small set of common passwords across many accounts to avoid lockouts.
419. kártya
Kérdés
What is the purpose of system isolation during an incident?
Válasz
Stop harmful communication while preserving the system for response and investigation.
420. kártya
Kérdés
What is a security benchmark?
Válasz
A documented set of recommended configuration checks for a platform or product.
421. kártya
Kérdés
Which metadata fields give a log record investigative context?
Válasz
Fields such as timestamp and time zone, source system, user or process identity, event ID or type, severity, and correlation ID.
422. kártya
Kérdés
What does an access-control vestibule prevent?
Válasz
It limits tailgating by allowing controlled passage through one door at a time.
423. kártya
Kérdés
What is version control's security value for configuration?
Válasz
It preserves attributable history and enables review or rollback of changes.
424. kártya
Kérdés
Why use both internal and external compliance monitoring?
Válasz
Internal monitoring supports continuous correction; external review adds independent or regulatory scrutiny.
425. kártya
Kérdés
What distinguishes on-premises architecture?
Válasz
The organization operates the infrastructure in facilities it controls and retains the associated physical and platform duties.
426. kártya
Kérdés
What risk can split tunneling add to a VPN?
Válasz
The endpoint can reach the protected network and an untrusted network at the same time, creating a path around centralized inspection.
427. kártya
Kérdés
What is a certificate root of trust?
Válasz
A trusted root certificate or key from which a client validates a certificate chain.
428. kártya
Kérdés
What is typosquatting?
Válasz
Registering a look-alike domain based on common typing errors or visual similarity.
429. kártya
Kérdés
What is root-cause analysis?
Válasz
Identifying the underlying conditions that allowed an incident, not just its visible symptoms.
430. kártya
Kérdés
What is risk tolerance?
Válasz
The acceptable variation or boundary around a specific objective or risk area.
431. kártya
Kérdés
What is a security self-assessment?
Válasz
A structured internal evaluation in which the organization measures its own controls against selected criteria.
432. kártya
Kérdés
What does data masking change?
Válasz
It replaces sensitive values with altered but usable representations, often preserving format for testing or display.
433. kártya
Kérdés
How do wireless authentication protocols let clients prove identity securely?
Válasz
They define how a client proves control of a credential, such as a password-derived secret or a certificate's private key; stronger choices also validate the server and protect the exchange.
434. kártya
Kérdés
Why reconcile inventory with network discovery?
Válasz
Differences expose missing records, retired systems, or unauthorized devices.
435. kártya
Kérdés
Why does sideloading raise mobile risk?
Válasz
It can bypass store review, signing policy, and managed application controls.
436. kártya
Kérdés
What does an information-sharing organization add to vulnerability management?
Válasz
Sector or community intelligence about relevant threats, incidents, and defensive action.
437. kártya
Kérdés
What does a web-filter block rule specify?
Válasz
The URL, domain, category, reputation, content, user, or context that should prevent a web request.
438. kártya
Kérdés
How do data custodians and data stewards differ?
Válasz
Custodians implement and operate technical safeguards for data; stewards guide its definitions, quality, handling, and proper use under the owner’s direction.
439. kártya
Kérdés
What is a brute-force password attack?
Válasz
Systematically trying many candidate secrets against an account or protected value.
440. kártya
Kérdés
What is a compensating control?
Válasz
An alternative safeguard used when the preferred control is impractical or unavailable.
441. kártya
Kérdés
How can location act as an authentication factor?
Válasz
A system can evaluate where the claimant is, but location signals are usually contextual and spoofable rather than sufficient alone.
442. kártya
Kérdés
Why must security automation remain supportable?
Válasz
Owners must be able to update dependencies, understand failures, rotate credentials, and adapt the workflow as systems change.
443. kártya
Kérdés
What does a standby generator provide?
Válasz
Longer-duration power during a utility outage, after a startup delay.
444. kártya
Kérdés
What makes an architecture air-gapped?
Válasz
It has no direct network path to less-trusted networks, although removable media and maintenance workflows can still cross the boundary.
445. kártya
Kérdés
What is a software-defined WAN?
Válasz
A centrally managed overlay that selects wide-area paths by policy across underlying network links.
446. kártya
Kérdés
What password-management behavior should awareness training reinforce?
Válasz
Use unique long passwords through an approved manager and report suspected compromise promptly.
447. kártya
Kérdés
What security value does fencing provide?
Válasz
It defines and delays entry across a physical perimeter.
448. kártya
Kérdés
What is a wildcard certificate?
Válasz
A certificate that can match multiple hosts at one domain level, such as subdomains of an example domain.
449. kártya
Kérdés
How does misinformation differ from disinformation?
Válasz
Misinformation is false regardless of intent; disinformation is deliberately false or misleading.
450. kártya
Kérdés
What is a risk threshold?
Válasz
A defined level that triggers escalation, treatment, or another required response.
451. kártya
Kérdés
What does a vendor penetration test contribute to assessment?
Válasz
Authorized evidence of exploitable paths in the vendor's relevant environment under agreed scope.
452. kártya
Kérdés
What is the objective of a service-disruption attack?
Válasz
Make a system or business function unavailable or unreliable.
453. kártya
Kérdés
What is directory traversal?
Válasz
Manipulating a file path to reach files outside the directory the application intended to expose.
454. kártya
Kérdés
Why decommission an unsupported system?
Válasz
Removing it eliminates an exposure that can no longer be patched or securely maintained.
455. kártya
Kérdés
Why archive security-monitoring data?
Válasz
To preserve evidence for investigations, trend analysis, compliance, and retention requirements beyond the live system.
456. kártya
Kérdés
What role does RADIUS commonly play in enterprise Wi-Fi?
Válasz
It centralizes authentication, authorization information, and accounting for network access.
457. kártya
Kérdés
Why separate the requester and approver of a high-risk change?
Válasz
To reduce error, fraud, and unilateral unauthorized modification.
458. kártya
Kérdés
Why can a jailbroken device violate a security baseline?
Válasz
It weakens platform isolation and allows unapproved privileged changes.
459. kártya
Kérdés
When is tokenization especially useful?
Válasz
When a system needs a surrogate value without retaining the original sensitive value in that workflow.
460. kártya
Kérdés
Why can dark-web intelligence affect vulnerability priority?
Válasz
Discussion, exploit sales, or leaked access can signal attacker interest, but the evidence must be validated.
461. kártya
Kérdés
What firewall policy should govern traffic from a screened subnet to internal systems?
Válasz
Deny it by default and allow only explicitly required flows.
462. kártya
Kérdés
What does SAML commonly carry?
Válasz
XML assertions about authentication and attributes between an identity provider and service provider; signatures commonly protect their authenticity and integrity.
463. kártya
Kérdés
What does a security governance committee do?
Válasz
It coordinates stakeholders, reviews risk and performance, and makes or recommends decisions within its charter.
464. kártya
Kérdés
How can global privacy requirements affect one data process?
Válasz
A shared process may need to satisfy overlapping duties across jurisdictions where people, systems, or data are located.
465. kártya
Kérdés
What characterizes an IoT device?
Válasz
It combines sensing or actuation with network connectivity, often under tight resource and update constraints.
466. kártya
Kérdés
What is a unified threat management appliance?
Válasz
One device combines several controls, such as firewalling, intrusion prevention, filtering, and malware inspection.
467. kártya
Kérdés
What does a hardware security module provide?
Válasz
A dedicated, tamper-resistant environment for generating, storing, and using cryptographic keys.
468. kártya
Kérdés
A remotely reachable API is fixed, but its desktop client stays vulnerable. What exposure remains?
Válasz
Client-based exposure remains because the installed endpoint software is still vulnerable; fixing the remote API does not remediate the client.
469. kártya
Kérdés
What is a tabletop exercise?
Válasz
A discussion-based walkthrough of a scenario to test decisions, roles, and procedures.
470. kártya
Kérdés
What does a risk exemption authorize?
Válasz
A documented release from a requirement for a defined scope, owner, rationale, controls, review, and expiration.
471. kártya
Kérdés
What is a regulatory examination?
Válasz
An authorized regulator reviews records, controls, and practices to determine whether the organization meets applicable requirements.
472. kártya
Kérdés
What does physical video surveillance primarily provide?
Válasz
Detection and evidence of activity in monitored areas.
473. kártya
Kérdés
What is a birthday attack against a hash?
Válasz
Using collision probability to find any two matching digests much faster than targeting one exact preimage.
474. kártya
Kérdés
Why keep backups both onsite and offsite?
Válasz
Onsite copies support fast recovery, while offsite copies survive a site-wide loss.
475. kártya
Kérdés
How does technical debt affect security automation?
Válasz
Outdated assumptions, dependencies, and workarounds make the workflow harder to change and more likely to fail unsafely.
476. kártya
Kérdés
What should switch hardening restrict first?
Válasz
Administrative access, unused ports, insecure management protocols, and unauthorized changes to switching configuration.
477. kártya
Kérdés
What should happen when an asset changes owners?
Válasz
Inventory, access, support responsibility, and data handling should be updated.
478. kártya
Kérdés
What does evidence of a vendor's internal audits contribute?
Válasz
It shows how the vendor tests its own controls, records findings, assigns remediation, and follows issues to closure.
479. kártya
Kérdés
What is identity attestation?
Válasz
Evidence that an identity, device, authenticator, or claim has been verified by a trusted process.
480. kártya
Kérdés
Why can standard enterprise patching be unsafe for an RTOS device?
Válasz
A change can disrupt timing guarantees or certified operational behavior.
481. kártya
Kérdés
What is secure access service edge?
Válasz
A cloud-delivered architecture that combines wide-area connectivity with policy-driven security services near users and resources.
482. kártya
Kérdés
What social-engineering habit should awareness training reinforce?
Válasz
Pause and independently verify unusual requests instead of trusting urgency, authority, or familiarity.
483. kártya
Kérdés
How can a software provider introduce a supply-chain vulnerability?
Válasz
A compromised package, build system, dependency, or update channel can deliver vulnerable or malicious code to customers.
484. kártya
Kérdés
Why include internet exposure in remediation priority?
Válasz
A reachable vulnerable service usually has more attack opportunity than an isolated one.
485. kártya
Kérdés
What does a mail gateway inspect?
Válasz
Inbound and outbound email for threats, policy violations, spoofing, and sensitive data.
486. kártya
Kérdés
What is a data controller?
Válasz
The entity that determines why and how personal data is processed.
487. kártya
Kérdés
How does blackmail motivate a cyberattack?
Válasz
The attacker threatens disclosure or harm unless the victim complies.
488. kártya
Kérdés
What is a downgrade attack?
Válasz
Forcing parties to use an older or weaker protocol or security mode.
489. kártya
Kérdés
How does encryption mitigate data exposure?
Válasz
It makes captured data unreadable without the required key.
490. kártya
Kérdés
How do network and web vulnerability scanners differ?
Válasz
Network scanners assess reachable hosts, services, versions, and configurations; web scanners exercise running web behavior for application weaknesses.
491. kártya
Kérdés
How can vulnerability-scan data support an investigation?
Válasz
It shows which weaknesses, versions, services, and exposures were known on the affected systems near the incident timeline.
492. kártya
Kérdés
What is key escrow?
Válasz
Controlled storage of a recoverable copy of a cryptographic key by an authorized party.
493. kártya
Kérdés
Which human vector commonly uses a fake sign-in page to harvest credentials?
Válasz
Phishing; the message sends the target to an imitation service that captures the submitted credentials.
494. kártya
Kérdés
What is risk avoidance?
Válasz
Stopping or not starting the activity that creates the risk.
495. kártya
Kérdés
What is data obfuscation?
Válasz
Making data harder to understand while preserving some utility, without necessarily providing cryptographic secrecy.
496. kártya
Kérdés
What is a directive control?
Válasz
A safeguard that tells people what behavior or action is required.
497. kártya
Kérdés
What does a security guard add that a camera cannot?
Válasz
Human judgment and an immediate physical response.
498. kártya
Kérdés
Why define restricted activities in change management?
Válasz
High-risk actions can then require extra authorization, separation of duties, or a prohibited window.
499. kártya
Kérdés
What contractual impact can noncompliance create?
Válasz
It can trigger remediation duties, service credits, indemnity, audit rights, suspension, termination, or claims for breach.
500. kártya
Kérdés
What should determine backup frequency?
Válasz
The recovery point objective, data-change rate, business impact, and available replication or storage capacity.
501. kártya
Kérdés
What should router hardening protect?
Válasz
Administrative access, routing configuration, exposed services, and the integrity of traffic-control policy.
502. kártya
Kérdés
What problem does OAuth 2.0 address?
Válasz
Delegated authorization: a client obtains limited access to a resource without receiving the user's password.
503. kártya
Kérdés
What does SCADA do?
Válasz
It provides supervisory monitoring and control across distributed industrial equipment.
504. kártya
Kérdés
How does a Layer 3/4 firewall rule differ from a Layer 7 rule?
Válasz
Layer 3/4 evaluates IP addresses plus transport protocols and ports; Layer 7 evaluates application content or actions.
505. kártya
Kérdés
What distinguishes a computer virus?
Válasz
It attaches to a host file or program and spreads when that infected host executes or is shared.
506. kártya
Kérdés
What does a key management system coordinate?
Válasz
Secure key creation, storage, access, rotation, revocation, recovery, and destruction.
507. kártya
Kérdés
How can an unsecure wired network expose traffic?
Válasz
An unauthorized device on the network may observe, redirect, or inject traffic when access control and link protections are weak.
508. kártya
Kérdés
Why is vulnerable device firmware hard to remediate?
Válasz
Firmware updates may be rare, vendor-dependent, or impossible after support ends.
509. kártya
Kérdés
What does patching change in vulnerability remediation?
Válasz
It installs the vendor's corrected code or configuration to remove the underlying software weakness.
510. kártya
Kérdés
What does DMARC add to SPF and DKIM?
Válasz
Domain alignment, receiver policy, and reporting for messages claiming the visible From domain.
511. kártya
Kérdés
How does automation improve security efficiency?
Válasz
It performs repeatable actions quickly and consistently while reducing manual handoffs and rework.
512. kártya
Kérdés
What is a simulation exercise?
Válasz
A more realistic practice in which participants respond to injected events using operational processes.
513. kártya
Kérdés
What is a data processor?
Válasz
An entity that processes personal data on behalf of a controller.
514. kártya
Kérdés
What is risk mitigation?
Válasz
Reducing likelihood, impact, or both through controls or process changes.
515. kártya
Kérdés
Why monitor a vendor after onboarding?
Válasz
Security posture, ownership, services, incidents, and dependencies can change.
516. kártya
Kérdés
What does a physical penetration test assess?
Válasz
Whether authorized testers can bypass facility, personnel, and physical access controls under agreed rules.
517. kártya
Kérdés
Why use access badges at a facility?
Válasz
To associate entry attempts with authorized identities and enforce access rules.
518. kártya
Kérdés
How does permission restriction protect data?
Válasz
Only authorized identities receive the actions and scope their roles require.
519. kártya
Kérdés
What is the usual objective of ransomware extortion?
Válasz
Force payment by denying access, threatening disclosure, or both.
520. kártya
Kérdés
What does impossible travel indicate?
Válasz
One identity appears to authenticate from distant locations too quickly for legitimate travel.
521. kártya
Kérdés
What is configuration enforcement?
Válasz
Continuously applying or restoring approved settings so systems do not remain in an insecure state.
522. kártya
Kérdés
What does a web vulnerability scanner inspect?
Válasz
Running web behavior for issues such as unsafe input handling and insecure configuration.
523. kártya
Kérdés
How does cost affect an architecture choice?
Válasz
It constrains acquisition, operation, staffing, resilience, and recovery options across the system's life.
524. kártya
Kérdés
What does EAP provide with 802.1X?
Válasz
A framework for carrying an authentication method between the supplicant and authentication infrastructure.
525. kártya
Kérdés
What should operational-security training help users protect?
Válasz
Sensitive routines, capabilities, locations, relationships, and small details that an observer could combine into useful intelligence.
526. kártya
Kérdés
What does a time-of-day access rule do?
Válasz
Allows or denies a requested action according to an approved schedule.
527. kártya
Kérdés
What should cloud infrastructure hardening establish?
Válasz
Secure identities, network boundaries, logging, encryption, approved configurations, and continuous checks for drift.
528. kártya
Kérdés
What should an asset owner ensure during offboarding?
Válasz
Assigned assets, access, data, and custody records are returned, transferred, or disposed of under the approved process.
529. kártya
Kérdés
Why encrypt backups?
Válasz
Backup media and transfers can expose the same sensitive data as production systems.
530. kártya
Kérdés
What is steganography?
Válasz
Hiding the existence of data inside another medium rather than merely encrypting its contents.
531. kártya
Kérdés
Which human vector uses a fabricated authority role to justify a sensitive request?
Válasz
Pretexting; the attacker invents a credible role and situation to make the request seem legitimate.
532. kártya
Kérdés
Why does risk transfer not remove accountability?
Válasz
The organization can retain legal, reputational, operational, and oversight consequences.
533. kártya
Kérdés
Why validate a change after deployment?
Válasz
To confirm the intended result occurred without introducing unacceptable side effects.
534. kártya
Kérdés
What makes end-of-life hardware a security vulnerability?
Válasz
The vendor no longer supplies fixes or support, so known weaknesses can persist without a reliable remediation path.
535. kártya
Kérdés
What does an audit add to remediation validation?
Válasz
Independent evidence that the approved fix, process, and documentation were completed and remain effective.
536. kártya
Kérdés
Why can SPF pass while a message still impersonates a brand?
Válasz
SPF checks the envelope domain, which may differ from the visible From domain.
537. kártya
Kérdés
What role can a government entity have in security governance?
Válasz
It can establish, enforce, or oversee legal and regulatory requirements within its authority.
538. kártya
Kérdés
How do data inventory and retention support privacy governance?
Válasz
The inventory records what data is processed and where; retention rules define how long it is kept and when it is deleted or anonymized.
539. kártya
Kérdés
What can concurrent sessions from distant regions indicate?
Válasz
A stolen account or shared credential, subject to VPN and proxy context.
540. kártya
Kérdés
What does supply-chain analysis examine?
Válasz
Upstream providers, components, dependencies, concentration, and compromise paths that can affect the purchased service.
541. kártya
Kérdés
What is the purpose of facility lighting as a control?
Válasz
Deter covert activity and improve observation of people and areas.
542. kártya
Kérdés
What architecture quality keeps a service usable during component failure?
Válasz
Availability.
543. kártya
Kérdés
When is fail-open behavior preferable to fail-closed behavior?
Válasz
When preserving availability during control failure is more important than blocking uninspected traffic, based on the system's risk decision.
544. kártya
Kérdés
Which control function does a login-failure alert provide?
Válasz
Detection; it reveals suspicious authentication activity.
545. kártya
Kérdés
What does a biometric MFA implementation verify?
Válasz
A measured physical or behavioral characteristic presented by the user, matched against an enrolled template.
546. kártya
Kérdés
How can automation enforce a security baseline?
Válasz
It compares realized settings with the approved state and reports or corrects unauthorized drift.
547. kártya
Kérdés
How do wireless cryptographic protocols protect network traffic?
Válasz
They encrypt frames over the air and add integrity protection, reducing eavesdropping and tampering when a secure protocol and configuration are used.
548. kártya
Kérdés
Why segment sensitive data stores?
Válasz
It limits reachable paths and separates them from lower-trust workloads.
549. kártya
Kérdés
What must remain secret in an asymmetric key pair?
Válasz
The private key; disclosure lets another party impersonate the owner or decrypt data intended for that key, depending on its use.
550. kártya
Kérdés
How can a supplier become a supply-chain attack vector?
Válasz
A compromised material, component, credential, or delivery process can weaken products before they reach the organization.
551. kártya
Kérdés
What is e-discovery?
Válasz
Identifying, preserving, collecting, reviewing, and producing electronically stored information for a legal matter.
552. kártya
Kérdés
What characterizes a neutral risk appetite?
Válasz
A balanced willingness to accept uncertainty when expected value and controls justify the exposure.
553. kártya
Kérdés
What is passive reconnaissance?
Válasz
Gathering information without directly interacting with the target's systems.
554. kártya
Kérdés
What does a philosophical motive mean for a threat actor?
Válasz
The actor acts to advance a belief or moral position rather than primarily for money.
555. kártya
Kérdés
What does unexpected resource consumption indicate?
Válasz
Possible malware, denial of service, cryptomining, or a malfunction that needs investigation.
556. kártya
Kérdés
What does a host-based intrusion prevention system do?
Válasz
It monitors activity on one host and can block behavior that matches exploit or attack rules.
557. kártya
Kérdés
How does agent-based monitoring differ from agentless monitoring?
Válasz
An agent collects local detail on the host; agentless monitoring uses remote interfaces and may have less visibility.
558. kártya
Kérdés
What can network logs contribute to an investigation?
Válasz
Connection timing, endpoints, protocols, routing, name resolution, and other evidence of communication across the environment.
559. kártya
Kérdés
What is the purpose of a backup restore test?
Válasz
Demonstrate under tested conditions that required data and systems can be recovered within expectations.
560. kártya
Kérdés
Why can obsolete hardware become a security risk?
Válasz
It may lack supported firmware, modern protections, or replacement parts.
561. kártya
Kérdés
What does rescanning confirm after remediation?
Válasz
Whether the scanner can still detect the original finding on the affected asset.
562. kártya
Kérdés
What should a secure transport method provide?
Válasz
Authenticated endpoints where required, confidentiality, integrity, replay resistance, and supported cryptography for the traffic.
563. kártya
Kérdés
How can law affect security governance?
Válasz
It can impose mandatory duties based on jurisdiction, data, industry, or activity.
564. kártya
Kérdés
What does resilience mean for a security architecture?
Válasz
The ability to withstand disruption, adapt, and recover while preserving essential functions.
565. kártya
Kérdés
Why minimize an infrastructure's attack surface?
Válasz
Fewer exposed services and paths leave fewer opportunities for exploitation.
566. kártya
Kérdés
What does executing a security-awareness program require?
Válasz
Delivering the approved content to the intended audiences, tracking participation, handling exceptions, and measuring outcomes.
567. kártya
Kérdés
What does an infrared security sensor detect?
Válasz
A change in infrared energy, often the heat pattern created by a person moving through its field of view.
568. kártya
Kérdés
What is a knowledge factor?
Válasz
Something the claimant knows, such as a password.
569. kártya
Kérdés
Why review allow-list and deny-list impact before a change?
Válasz
Adding or removing an entry can unexpectedly grant access, block users, or interrupt dependencies.
570. kártya
Kérdés
What does partition-level encryption protect?
Válasz
One selected disk partition, leaving other partitions outside that encryption boundary.
571. kártya
Kérdés
How can instant messaging deliver a security attack?
Válasz
It can deliver a malicious link, file, request, or impersonated conversation through a fast, trusted-looking channel.
572. kártya
Kérdés
What can repeated blocked-content events indicate?
Válasz
Malware, policy bypass, a misconfigured application, or a user repeatedly reaching prohibited resources.
573. kártya
Kérdés
What should a server-hardening baseline reduce?
Válasz
Unnecessary services, exposed administration, weak identity controls, insecure defaults, and unmonitored configuration change.
574. kártya
Kérdés
When is physical media destruction appropriate?
Válasz
When reuse is unnecessary or sanitization cannot provide adequate assurance.
575. kártya
Kérdés
What is mean time to repair?
Válasz
The average time required to restore a failed component or service.
576. kártya
Kérdés
Why disclose conflicts of interest during vendor selection?
Válasz
A personal or financial relationship can bias evaluation away from the organization's requirements.
577. kártya
Kérdés
What is a fine for noncompliance?
Válasz
A monetary penalty imposed for failing to meet a legal, regulatory, or contractual requirement.
578. kártya
Kérdés
What does a public data classification authorize?
Válasz
Approved disclosure without confidentiality restrictions, while integrity and availability requirements may still apply.
579. kártya
Kérdés
What security benefit comes from standard infrastructure configurations?
Válasz
They reduce variation, make review repeatable, and let the same approved controls be applied across resources.
580. kártya
Kérdés
How does horizontal scaling increase capacity?
Válasz
It adds more service instances and distributes work among them.
581. kártya
Kérdés
Why can added connectivity weaken segmentation?
Válasz
Each allowed path can become a route for lateral movement or data escape.
582. kártya
Kérdés
What coding practice is central to preventing SQL injection?
Válasz
Use parameterized queries so untrusted values remain data rather than executable query syntax.
583. kártya
Kérdés
When is a compensating control appropriate for a vulnerability?
Válasz
When timely removal or patching is infeasible and another control can reduce the risk.
584. kártya
Kérdés
How does agent-based web filtering enforce policy?
Válasz
Software on the endpoint evaluates or redirects web traffic, including traffic that does not pass through a central network proxy.
585. kártya
Kérdés
How can regulation differ from an internal policy?
Válasz
Regulation is externally enforceable; internal policy is an organizational rule that may implement external duties.
586. kártya
Kérdés
What is a storage snapshot?
Válasz
A point-in-time representation of data or system state, whose independence depends on how it is stored.
587. kártya
Kérdés
What does password age measure?
Válasz
How long the current password has existed, which policy may use to prevent immediate reuse or trigger a risk-based change.
588. kártya
Kérdés
What does an ethical motive mean in vulnerability research?
Válasz
The researcher intends to improve security, typically through authorized testing and responsible disclosure.
589. kártya
Kérdés
What can missing security logs indicate?
Válasz
Logging failure, tampering, retention misconfiguration, or an inactive source.
590. kártya
Kérdés
Why disable unused ports and protocols?
Válasz
They expose unnecessary communication paths and code that attackers can reach.
591. kártya
Kérdés
What does antivirus contribute to monitoring?
Válasz
It scans files, memory, or behavior and reports suspected malicious code.
592. kártya
Kérdés
What is a honeypot?
Válasz
A decoy system or service designed to attract and observe malicious activity.
593. kártya
Kérdés
What does file-level encryption protect?
Válasz
Selected files independently of whether the rest of the disk or volume is encrypted.
594. kártya
Kérdés
How can SMS deliver a security attack?
Válasz
A text message can carry a malicious link or urgent request that exploits the recipient's trust in the phone channel.
595. kártya
Kérdés
What happens during incident analysis?
Válasz
Responders validate the event, determine scope and impact, build a timeline, and identify the systems, accounts, and data involved.
596. kártya
Kérdés
What is mean time between failures?
Válasz
The average operating time between repairable failures.
597. kártya
Kérdés
What is active reconnaissance?
Válasz
Probing or interacting with target systems to discover services and behavior.
598. kártya
Kérdés
What constraint should guide ICS or SCADA hardening?
Válasz
Safety and process availability must be preserved while access, services, network paths, and changes are tightly controlled.
599. kártya
Kérdés
Which control function does restoring a clean system image provide?
Válasz
Correction; it returns the system to a known-good state.
600. kártya
Kérdés
What does responsiveness mean in an architecture decision?
Válasz
How quickly the system and its operators can adapt to demand, failure, or attack.
601. kártya
Kérdés
How does out-of-band access strengthen remote administration?
Válasz
It uses a management path separate from production traffic, preserving controlled access during an outage or compromise.
602. kártya
Kérdés
What makes user behavior unexpected?
Válasz
It differs materially from the person's normal role, timing, location, resource use, or established work pattern.
603. kártya
Kérdés
What is a work order?
Válasz
A document authorizing a defined unit of work under an existing agreement.
604. kártya
Kérdés
What can out-of-cycle logging indicate?
Válasz
Unexpected activity outside a system's normal schedule, including misuse, compromise, or an unplanned job.
605. kártya
Kérdés
Why update a standard operating procedure after a change?
Válasz
It keeps routine work aligned with the new approved state and reduces inconsistent or unsafe execution.
606. kártya
Kérdés
What coding practice limits cross-site scripting?
Válasz
Context-appropriate output encoding, supported by safe templating and input handling.
607. kártya
Kérdés
What does a restricted data classification indicate?
Válasz
Access is tightly limited because unauthorized disclosure, alteration, or loss would create serious harm.
608. kártya
Kérdés
How does a bug bounty support responsible disclosure?
Válasz
It defines eligible systems, rules, reporting, and possible rewards for external researchers.
609. kártya
Kérdés
What does web-filter content categorization provide?
Válasz
A policy label for a site or page based on its subject, function, or risk so access rules can treat categories consistently.
610. kártya
Kérdés
How do hard and soft authentication tokens differ?
Válasz
A hard token is a separate physical device; a soft token is implemented in software on a general-purpose device.
611. kártya
Kérdés
How can industry requirements affect security governance?
Válasz
Industry standards, shared practices, assurance expectations, and sector-specific risks can shape required policies and controls.
612. kártya
Kérdés
How can noncompliance cause loss of a license?
Válasz
An authority may suspend or revoke the permission needed to operate, sell, or perform regulated work.
613. kártya
Kérdés
What does volume-level encryption protect?
Válasz
All data within a selected logical storage volume.
614. kártya
Kérdés
How can impersonation exploit familiarity?
Válasz
The attacker imitates a known person or routine communication style so the request receives less scrutiny.
615. kártya
Kérdés
How does RTO guide recovery design?
Válasz
It sets the target maximum time to restore the function, driving recovery automation, staffing, capacity, and site choices.
616. kártya
Kérdés
What is a honeynet?
Válasz
A network of decoy systems used to study or divert attackers.
617. kártya
Kérdés
What does backup replication provide?
Válasz
Additional synchronized or copied recovery data in another system or location.
618. kártya
Kérdés
What lets automation scale securely?
Válasz
Bounded permissions, validated inputs, rate controls, audit records, and consistent policy at every new resource.
619. kártya
Kérdés
Why monitor a hardened computing resource continuously?
Válasz
New drift, failures, attacks, and unsupported changes can appear after a secure baseline is deployed.
620. kártya
Kérdés
Why keep a certificate of destruction?
Válasz
It documents that a disposal provider handled specified media under the agreed process.
621. kártya
Kérdés
Why consider patch availability before selecting a platform?
Válasz
Unsupported or difficult-to-update components accumulate known exposure.
622. kártya
Kérdés
Why should remote administration use an encrypted, authenticated protocol?
Válasz
It keeps credentials and commands confidential in transit. When correctly configured with integrity protection, the protocol also detects tampering and authenticates the intended endpoint.
623. kártya
Kérdés
How can revenge motivate an insider incident?
Válasz
A disgruntled person may damage systems or disclose data to punish the organization.
624. kártya
Kérdés
What is a published or documented indicator of malicious activity?
Válasz
A malicious observable or behavior—such as a hash, domain, IP address, or TTP—shared through threat intelligence, an advisory, or an incident report to help identify related malicious activity.
625. kártya
Kérdés
Why monitor a system more closely when a mitigation exception is accepted?
Válasz
Monitoring can reveal exploitation or control failure while the documented exception remains open.
626. kártya
Kérdés
What is an SNMP trap?
Válasz
An unsolicited device notification sent to a management system when a configured event occurs.
627. kártya
Kérdés
How can an automated report support an investigation?
Válasz
It assembles repeatable findings, trends, or control results that investigators can correlate with the incident timeline.
628. kártya
Kérdés
What is a security key?
Válasz
A hardware authenticator that uses cryptographic proof, often bound to the legitimate service origin.
629. kártya
Kérdés
What does database-level encryption protect?
Válasz
A database or selected database structures through controls managed at the database layer.
630. kártya
Kérdés
How does brand impersonation exploit trust?
Válasz
It copies a familiar organization's identity so a fraudulent message, site, or account appears legitimate.
631. kártya
Kérdés
What browser-side impact can a cross-site scripting vulnerability create?
Válasz
It can run attacker-controlled script in a trusted site's origin and access data or actions available to the victim's session.
632. kártya
Kérdés
How can a system or process audit identify vulnerabilities?
Válasz
It compares evidence with required configuration and procedure to reveal control gaps.
633. kártya
Kérdés
What security role can Group Policy provide?
Válasz
Centralized Windows configuration of account, application, audit, and system security settings.
634. kártya
Kérdés
What should incident-response training prepare people to do?
Válasz
Recognize their role, use the communication and escalation paths, preserve evidence, and perform approved response actions.
635. kártya
Kérdés
Why must governance track local or regional requirements?
Válasz
They may impose location-specific duties that differ from national, global, industry, or contractual rules.
636. kártya
Kérdés
How can a dependency become a useful key risk indicator?
Válasz
A measurable change in its availability, capacity, control state, or concentration can warn that exposure is increasing.
637. kártya
Kérdés
What is a business partners agreement?
Válasz
An agreement defining how business partners will work together, including responsibilities and security or data-handling terms.
638. kártya
Kérdés
What makes an audit regulatory?
Válasz
It evaluates compliance with requirements established or enforced by a government or delegated authority.
639. kártya
Kérdés
What is a honeyfile?
Válasz
A decoy file whose access can reveal unauthorized activity.
640. kártya
Kérdés
Why does legal information require explicit protection?
Válasz
It may contain privileged advice, case strategy, evidence, or regulated records whose disclosure or alteration creates legal risk.
641. kártya
Kérdés
Which indicator can mass file renaming and encryption produce?
Válasz
Resource inaccessibility; users may be unable to open files after an attacker encrypts or renames them.
642. kártya
Kérdés
What remains with an organization after transferring architecture risk?
Válasz
Oversight and residual risk remain, even when a provider or insurer accepts defined responsibility or financial consequences.
643. kártya
Kérdés
When does local console placement provide useful administrative access?
Válasz
When network management is unavailable or unsafe, a physically controlled console offers a direct recovery path.
644. kártya
Kérdés
What makes a harmful user action unintentional?
Válasz
The user causes exposure or policy violation through error or misunderstanding rather than deliberate misuse.
645. kártya
Kérdés
How should an organization harden workstations?
Válasz
Apply a managed secure baseline: patch the OS and applications, remove unnecessary software and services, enforce least privilege, and enable endpoint protection and a host firewall.
646. kártya
Kérdés
What is journaling in recovery?
Válasz
Recording ordered changes so data can be replayed or restored to a consistent point.
647. kártya
Kérdés
What downtime must a change plan account for?
Válasz
The period when the affected service will be unavailable or degraded, including the impact on users and dependent systems.
648. kártya
Kérdés
Why must a privacy program map local or regional law to data flows?
Válasz
The applicable duties can change with the location of the person, organization, processing, or stored data.
649. kártya
Kérdés
Why combine independent preventive controls at different layers?
Válasz
A failure at one layer does not automatically let the same attack succeed at the next layer.
650. kártya
Kérdés
What is passwordless authentication?
Válasz
A flow that does not require the user to enter a memorized password, often using public-key credentials.
651. kártya
Kérdés
How can automation improve security reaction time?
Válasz
It can collect context and perform preapproved containment or routing as soon as a reliable trigger occurs.
652. kártya
Kérdés
What does record-level encryption protect?
Válasz
Individual records or fields, allowing finer protection than encrypting the entire database.
653. kártya
Kérdés
How can business email compromise misuse urgency?
Válasz
It pressures an employee to bypass normal verification for a payment, credential, or data request.
654. kártya
Kérdés
What does impact measure in risk analysis?
Válasz
The consequence to objectives, such as financial, operational, safety, legal, or reputational harm.
655. kártya
Kérdés
What makes cyber activity part of warfare?
Válasz
It supports military or state conflict objectives such as disruption, intelligence, or influence.
656. kártya
Kérdés
Which indicator can a newly created privileged account produce outside the normal change window?
Válasz
Out-of-cycle logging; the account event appears at a time when no authorized administrative change was scheduled.
657. kártya
Kérdés
How can configuration enforcement validate a deployed mitigation?
Válasz
It compares the realized settings with the approved state and corrects or reports drift.
658. kártya
Kérdés
How does validating an alert improve alert tuning?
Válasz
The analyst can identify which conditions, thresholds, or context caused noise or missed important evidence.
659. kártya
Kérdés
What data-layer impact can a SQL injection vulnerability create?
Válasz
It can let untrusted input alter a database query, exposing or changing data and sometimes executing administrative operations.
660. kártya
Kérdés
What environmental variables can change vulnerability priority?
Válasz
Local exposure, configuration, existing controls, asset importance, and the effect on the organization's actual environment.
661. kártya
Kérdés
What security role does SELinux provide?
Válasz
Mandatory access controls that confine processes according to centrally defined policy.
662. kártya
Kérdés
Why review governance documents periodically?
Válasz
Business, technology, threats, and external obligations change.
663. kártya
Kérdés
Why evaluate power requirements for a system design?
Válasz
Power capacity and redundancy constrain availability and recovery.
664. kártya
Kérdés
When is IPsec a better tunnel choice than TLS?
Válasz
Choose IPsec when policy must protect IP traffic broadly below individual applications—for example, across a site-to-site gateway tunnel. Choose TLS for a specific service connection.
665. kártya
Kérdés
What is a honeytoken?
Válasz
A fake credential or data element that generates a high-confidence alert when used.
666. kártya
Kérdés
What should embedded-system hardening prioritize?
Válasz
Trusted firmware, restricted interfaces, secure defaults, minimal services, and a supported update path.
667. kártya
Kérdés
Why must sanitization address data remanence?
Válasz
Residual data may remain recoverable after ordinary deletion, so the sanitization method must make recovery infeasible for the media and risk.
668. kártya
Kérdés
Why require rules of engagement for vendor testing?
Válasz
Authorized scope, timing, methods, contacts, and stop conditions prevent unsafe or mistaken activity.
669. kártya
Kérdés
What does a private data classification indicate?
Válasz
The information concerns an individual or limited internal audience and should not be exposed publicly.
670. kártya
Kérdés
What does a tabletop recovery exercise test?
Válasz
Participants walk through a scenario and decisions without switching production systems, exposing plan and coordination gaps.
671. kártya
Kérdés
Why prevent password reuse?
Válasz
One compromised password should not unlock other accounts or services.
672. kártya
Kérdés
Which malicious-activity indicator is unexplained sustained CPU or memory use?
Válasz
Abnormal resource consumption, such as unusual CPU, memory, power, storage, or network-bandwidth use.
673. kártya
Kérdés
What does transport encryption protect?
Válasz
It protects data-in-transit confidentiality: captured or intercepted traffic is unreadable without the key. Encryption does not prevent interception or, by itself, provide integrity or authenticate endpoints.
674. kártya
Kérdés
How can a voice call become an attack vector?
Válasz
An attacker can use a live or synthetic voice to impersonate a trusted party and request secrets, money, or unsafe actions.
675. kártya
Kérdés
What should a digital-forensics report document?
Válasz
The question examined, methods, evidence sources, timeline, findings, limitations, and the basis for each conclusion.
676. kártya
Kérdés
What tradeoff comes with an expansionary risk appetite?
Válasz
It accepts more uncertainty and exposure to pursue growth or return, so limits and monitoring must remain explicit.
677. kártya
Kérdés
What does a known penetration-test environment provide?
Válasz
The tester receives substantial internal knowledge or access so the exercise can focus on deeper control and attack-path testing.
678. kártya
Kérdés
Why evaluate compute requirements before deployment?
Válasz
Insufficient resources can cause failure, while excessive resources increase cost and attack surface.
679. kártya
Kérdés
Why place sensors at network choke points?
Válasz
They can observe traffic crossing important trust boundaries.
680. kártya
Kérdés
What should hybrid or remote-work security training emphasize?
Válasz
Trusted networks and devices, physical privacy, secure communication, reporting, data handling, and separation of work from shared environments.
681. kártya
Kérdés
Why plan an application restart separately from a service restart?
Válasz
The application may need its own state handling, user coordination, health checks, and rollback point.
682. kártya
Kérdés
What is a cryptographic vulnerability?
Válasz
A weakness in algorithm choice, key handling, implementation, or protocol use that defeats the intended protection.
683. kártya
Kérdés
Why report findings by asset owner?
Válasz
Owners need clear accountability and a prioritized remediation queue.
684. kártya
Kérdés
What should guide selection of a secure protocol?
Válasz
The protocol must protect the required data flow, authenticate the right endpoints, use supported cryptography, and fit operational constraints.
685. kártya
Kérdés
How do centralized and decentralized governance structures differ?
Válasz
Centralized governance sets decisions from one authority; decentralized governance delegates them and needs strong coordination for consistency.
686. kártya
Kérdés
How does privacy-aware design limit data retention?
Válasz
It records a justified retention period and makes deletion or anonymization part of the normal data lifecycle.
687. kártya
Kérdés
What does a pressure security sensor detect?
Válasz
Force or weight applied to a protected surface, such as a floor mat or fence line.
688. kártya
Kérdés
What automation costs should a security team plan for?
Válasz
Development, licensing, infrastructure, monitoring, maintenance, failure recovery, and the staff needed to own the workflow.
689. kártya
Kérdés
What should RTOS hardening preserve while reducing attack surface?
Válasz
Deterministic timing and safety requirements, with only necessary services, privileges, interfaces, and validated updates enabled.
690. kártya
Kérdés
What is the goal of disruption-for-chaos activity?
Válasz
Create instability or damage itself rather than pursue a clear financial or intelligence return.
691. kártya
Kérdés
Which indicator can repeated password guessing produce?
Válasz
Unexpected account lockout; repeated failed attempts can trigger the account's lockout policy.
692. kártya
Kérdés
How does removing unnecessary software harden a system?
Válasz
It eliminates code, services, dependencies, and privileges that an attacker could otherwise target.
693. kártya
Kérdés
What does NetFlow provide?
Válasz
Metadata summarizing network conversations, such as endpoints, ports, timing, protocol, and byte counts.
694. kártya
Kérdés
How can a dashboard support an investigation?
Válasz
It brings selected current and historical signals together so investigators can spot changes, patterns, and affected scope.
695. kártya
Kérdés
When should a password be expired?
Válasz
When compromise is suspected, policy or risk requires a change, or the credential no longer meets the approved authentication standard.
696. kártya
Kérdés
Why does cryptographic key length matter?
Válasz
It affects the work required to search the key space, although security also depends on the algorithm and implementation.
697. kártya
Kérdés
How can an unsecure Bluetooth connection become an attack vector?
Válasz
Weak pairing, discoverability, or vulnerable services can let a nearby attacker connect, intercept data, or issue commands.
698. kártya
Kérdés
What is a key risk indicator?
Válasz
A metric that signals changing exposure or increasing likelihood of an adverse outcome.
699. kártya
Kérdés
What should vendor monitoring verify when a contract ends?
Válasz
Vendor accounts, credentials, connections, data access, and retained assets are removed or transferred as approved.
700. kártya
Kérdés
What does a sensitive data classification indicate?
Válasz
The information needs safeguards because unauthorized access, change, or loss could cause harm.
701. kártya
Kérdés
What does software-defined networking separate?
Válasz
The control plane that decides traffic behavior from the data plane that forwards traffic.
702. kártya
Kérdés
Where should a web application firewall be placed?
Válasz
In the path of web requests before they reach the protected application.
703. kártya
Kérdés
What does a simulated recovery exercise test?
Válasz
Participants perform realistic response actions in a controlled environment without disrupting production.
704. kártya
Kérdés
How can a team verify that a detective control is effective?
Válasz
Trigger a known test event and confirm that the control records it, alerts the right responder, and supplies useful evidence.
705. kártya
Kérdés
How should defenders apply a published or documented indicator to telemetry and validate it before escalating?
Válasz
Search relevant telemetry for matches, then confirm the indicator's relevance, context, and freshness before escalating.
706. kártya
Kérdés
What makes a vulnerability cloud-specific?
Válasz
It arises from cloud service configuration, shared responsibility, control-plane exposure, tenancy, or provider-specific behavior.
707. kártya
Kérdés
How can insurance respond to vulnerability risk?
Válasz
It may transfer defined financial consequences, but it does not remove the weakness or the organization's duties.
708. kártya
Kérdés
How does reputation improve web filtering?
Válasz
It uses prior observations about a domain, address, certificate, or hosting pattern to identify destinations with elevated risk.
709. kártya
Kérdés
What does an encryption policy establish?
Válasz
Which data and communications require encryption, approved methods, key responsibilities, exceptions, and review duties.
710. kártya
Kérdés
How does a microwave security sensor detect movement?
Válasz
It emits microwave energy and detects changes in the reflected signal caused by motion.
711. kártya
Kérdés
What should IoT-device hardening change before deployment?
Válasz
Default credentials, unnecessary services, insecure communication, unmanaged updates, and unrestricted network access.
712. kártya
Kérdés
Why track software licenses as assets?
Válasz
License ownership, permitted use, updates, and end-of-support status affect compliance and risk.
713. kártya
Kérdés
What does a password manager improve?
Válasz
It can generate and store unique long passwords so users do not memorize or reuse them.
714. kártya
Kérdés
What makes a ledger open and public?
Válasz
Anyone can inspect its recorded entries, while its consensus and integrity controls determine who can add valid entries.
715. kártya
Kérdés
What should a payment-change request trigger?
Válasz
Independent verification through a known channel before any account or payment detail is changed.
716. kártya
Kérdés
What does preserving digital evidence require?
Válasz
Protecting its integrity, context, access history, and availability from collection through final disposition.
717. kártya
Kérdés
What should a risk report tell decision-makers?
Válasz
The risk, uncertainty, business impact, owner, treatment, trend, and decision required.
718. kártya
Kérdés
What should an external assessment report provide?
Válasz
Its scope, criteria, evidence, findings, limitations, conclusions, and responsible follow-up actions.
719. kártya
Kérdés
What is a centralized design's main resilience risk?
Válasz
A central dependency can become a bottleneck or single point of failure.
720. kártya
Kérdés
What does mutual TLS add to a TLS-protected service connection?
Válasz
It adds client authentication, commonly with a client certificate, so the client and server authenticate each other.
721. kártya
Kérdés
What should recurring security-awareness reporting show?
Válasz
Changes in participation, knowledge, behavior, reporting, and incidents, with gaps assigned to owners and follow-up actions.
722. kártya
Kérdés
Why do legacy applications require extra change planning?
Válasz
They may depend on undocumented behavior, unsupported components, or fragile integrations that make failure and rollback more likely.
723. kártya
Kérdés
How do a data controller and a data processor differ?
Válasz
A controller decides why and how personal data is processed. A processor handles that data on the controller’s behalf.
724. kártya
Kérdés
How can orchestration become a single point of failure?
Válasz
Many security workflows may depend on one engine, credential path, or integration hub whose outage stops all of them.
725. kártya
Kérdés
Why should defenses account for a threat actor's sophistication and capability?
Válasz
Those attributes indicate which techniques the actor can sustain and which controls are likely to slow or expose them.
726. kártya
Kérdés
How does an injection attack make an application execute unintended instructions?
Válasz
It sends crafted input that an interpreter treats as code or commands instead of data.
727. kártya
Kérdés
What does a host-based firewall control?
Válasz
Inbound and outbound network traffic for one endpoint according to local rules.
728. kártya
Kérdés
Why revise alerting after an incident?
Válasz
The incident can reveal missing telemetry, logic, thresholds, or response paths that should produce a better future alert.
729. kártya
Kérdés
Why include security duties in procurement criteria?
Válasz
Security is easier to require before selection than to retrofit after dependency and data transfer begin.
730. kártya
Kérdés
What does a critical data classification indicate?
Válasz
The information is essential to vital operations, safety, or mission outcomes and needs the strongest availability and recovery controls.
731. kártya
Kérdés
What infrastructure capacity must support failover?
Válasz
The alternate site, network, power, cooling, and facility resources needed to carry the transferred load.
732. kártya
Kérdés
Why does shared cloud context matter when evaluating a cloud-specific vulnerability?
Válasz
The affected service model and responsibility boundary determine who can observe, patch, configure, or compensate for the weakness.
733. kártya
Kérdés
How does a remediation exemption differ from an exception?
Válasz
Terminology follows the governing policy. A common convention is that an exemption removes a requirement for an approved scope, while an exception permits a time-bounded deviation.
734. kártya
Kérdés
Why should automated EDR or XDR blocking have an exception and rollback path?
Válasz
A false positive can isolate a critical endpoint or stop a legitimate process, so operators need controlled recovery without disabling protection broadly.
735. kártya
Kérdés
What does a security playbook provide?
Válasz
A repeatable set of roles, decisions, and actions for handling a defined operational scenario.
736. kártya
Kérdés
How does an ultrasonic security sensor detect movement?
Válasz
It emits high-frequency sound and detects changes in the returning sound pattern caused by motion.
737. kártya
Kérdés
What should a managed mobile device require for Bluetooth connections?
Válasz
Intentional pairing, non-discoverable operation when unused, trusted peers, current software, and only necessary Bluetooth profiles.
738. kártya
Kérdés
How do password complexity rules differ from password length?
Válasz
Complexity rules require selected character types; length measures total characters. Current policy should prioritize sufficient length and block weak or compromised choices instead of relying on composition alone.
739. kártya
Kérdés
What makes a certificate third-party trusted?
Válasz
A certificate authority outside the subject organization signs it and chains it to a root trusted by relying systems.
740. kártya
Kérdés
Why is an out-of-band check effective against impersonation?
Válasz
It verifies the request through a separate, previously trusted communication path.
741. kártya
Kérdés
What does a risk exception authorize?
Válasz
A documented deviation from a requirement for a defined scope, rationale, controls, owner, review, and expiration.
742. kártya
Kérdés
What security challenge grows in a decentralized design?
Válasz
Consistent policy, inventory, monitoring, and patching become harder.
743. kártya
Kérdés
How should controls be selected for an unused network path?
Válasz
Choose controls that block it by default, expose only approved connectivity, and make exceptions explicit and reviewable.
744. kártya
Kérdés
How can a buffer-overflow attack affect an application?
Válasz
It writes past a buffer boundary to corrupt memory, which can crash the application or redirect execution.
744 kártya
CompTIA Security+ SY0-701 Flashcards: Complete Objective Review
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