Ionic Compound Naming Flashcards: Names, Formulas & Charge Balance

Question 1

In a neutral ionic formula unit, what must the total ionic charge be?

Accepted Answer

Zero. The positive and negative charges must cancel.

Question 2

When naming a simple ionic compound, which ion is named first?

Accepted Answer

The cation, followed by the anion.

Question 3

Write the formula for lithium fluoride using Li⁺ and F⁻.

Accepted Answer

LiF. One ion of each kind gives +1 − 1 = 0.

Question 4

In CaCl₂, what does the subscript 2 count?

Accepted Answer

Two chloride ions for each calcium ion. It does not mean that each chloride ion has a charge of −2.

Question 5

Name MgO using the usual fixed-charge ionic naming convention.

Accepted Answer

Magnesium oxide. The ions are Mg²⁺ and O²⁻.

Question 6

What is the smallest neutral ratio of Al³⁺ ions to O²⁻ ions?

Accepted Answer

Two Al³⁺ ions to three O²⁻ ions: +6 and −6 cancel.

Question 7

Write the formula for magnesium bromide using Mg²⁺ and Br⁻.

Accepted Answer

MgBr₂. Two bromide ions balance one magnesium ion.

Question 8

Name Na₂S using the usual fixed-charge ionic naming convention.

Accepted Answer

Sodium sulfide. The sulfur anion is called sulfide.

Question 9

Write the simplest formula for calcium oxide using Ca²⁺ and O²⁻.

Accepted Answer

CaO. Equal and opposite charges give a 1:1 ion ratio.

Question 10

Write the formula for aluminum nitride using Al³⁺ and N³⁻.

Accepted Answer

AlN. One ion of each kind is neutral. Aluminium nitride is the same compound, with the British spelling.

Question 11

Name Mg₃N₂ using the usual fixed-charge ionic naming convention.

Accepted Answer

Magnesium nitride. Three Mg²⁺ ions balance two N³⁻ ions.

Question 12

Write the formula for lithium oxide using Li⁺ and O²⁻.

Accepted Answer

Li₂O. Two lithium ions balance one oxide ion.

Question 13

Name CaF₂ using the usual fixed-charge ionic naming convention.

Accepted Answer

Calcium fluoride. This convention uses the ion names without a di- prefix for the two fluoride ions.

Question 14

A student writes Mg₂O₂ for magnesium oxide, using Mg²⁺ and O²⁻. What is the simplest formula?

Accepted Answer

MgO. The 2:2 ion ratio is neutral but reduces to 1:1.

Question 15

Name Al₂S₃ using the usual fixed-charge ionic naming convention.

Accepted Answer

Aluminum sulfide (also spelled aluminium sulfide). Two Al³⁺ ions balance three S²⁻ ions.

Question 16

Write the formula for sodium phosphide using Na⁺ and P³⁻.

Accepted Answer

Na₃P. Three sodium ions balance one phosphide ion.

Question 17

Name LiF using the usual fixed-charge ionic naming convention.

Accepted Answer

Lithium fluoride. Name the lithium cation first and the fluoride anion second.

Question 18

Write the formula for magnesium oxide using Mg²⁺ and O²⁻.

Accepted Answer

MgO. The smallest neutral ratio is one magnesium ion to one oxide ion.

Question 19

In the Stock name iron(III) chloride, what does III specify?

Accepted Answer

A +3 charge on each iron ion. For this monatomic ion, its charge equals its oxidation state; III is not an atom count.

Question 20

Name FeCl₂ using Stock nomenclature. Chloride is Cl⁻.

Accepted Answer

Iron(II) chloride. Two chloride ions total −2, so the iron ion is Fe²⁺.

Question 21

What is the charge on each copper ion in Cu₂O, taking oxide as O²⁻?

Accepted Answer

+1. The two copper ions together must supply +2, so each is Cu⁺.

Question 22

Write the formula for tin(IV) oxide, using oxide O²⁻.

Accepted Answer

SnO₂. One Sn⁴⁺ ion balances two oxide ions; reduce a crossed 2:4 ratio to 1:2.

Question 23

Name Fe₂O₃ using Stock nomenclature. Oxide is O²⁻.

Accepted Answer

Iron(III) oxide. Three oxide ions total −6; divided between two iron ions, that requires Fe³⁺.

Question 24

Write the formula for copper(II) bromide, using bromide Br⁻.

Accepted Answer

CuBr₂. One Cu²⁺ ion needs two bromide ions.

Question 25

Name SnCl₂ using Stock nomenclature. Chloride is Cl⁻.

Accepted Answer

Tin(II) chloride. Two Cl⁻ ions require one Sn²⁺ ion.

Question 26

Write the formula for iron(II) chloride, using chloride Cl⁻.

Accepted Answer

FeCl₂. One Fe²⁺ ion balances two chloride ions.

Question 27

Name CuO using Stock nomenclature. Oxide is O²⁻.

Accepted Answer

Copper(II) oxide. The 1:1 ratio requires Cu²⁺ to balance O²⁻.

Question 28

Write the formula for iron(III) sulfide, using sulfide S²⁻.

Accepted Answer

Fe₂S₃. Two Fe³⁺ ions supply +6 and three sulfide ions supply −6.

Question 29

Why is the name copper chloride insufficient to choose a single formula in introductory Stock nomenclature?

Accepted Answer

It omits the copper oxidation state. Copper(I) chloride is CuCl; copper(II) chloride is CuCl₂.

Question 30

Name SnO₂ using Stock nomenclature. Oxide is O²⁻.

Accepted Answer

Tin(IV) oxide. Two oxide ions total −4, so the tin ion is Sn⁴⁺.

Question 31

A student labels Fe₂O₃ as iron(II) oxide. Keeping the name iron(II) oxide, what formula should replace it?

Accepted Answer

FeO. Fe²⁺ and O²⁻ balance in a 1:1 ratio; Fe₂O₃ instead corresponds to iron(III) oxide.

Question 32

Name CaCl₂ using the usual introductory fixed-charge convention.

Accepted Answer

Calcium chloride. Calcium is treated as Ca²⁺, so this convention omits the Roman numeral. An explicit oxidation-state name is not a different compound.

Question 33

Write the formula for sodium nitrate using Na⁺ and NO₃⁻.

Accepted Answer

NaNO₃. One nitrate ion balances one sodium ion; keep the nitrate formula intact.

Question 34

Name K₂CO₃. The polyatomic ion CO₃²⁻ is carbonate.

Accepted Answer

Potassium carbonate. Two K⁺ ions balance one carbonate ion.

Question 35

When writing a conventional ionic formula, when do you put a polyatomic ion in parentheses?

Accepted Answer

When more than one of that whole ion is needed. Put the count outside the parentheses and leave the ion’s internal subscripts unchanged.

Question 36

Write the formula for calcium hydroxide using Ca²⁺ and OH⁻.

Accepted Answer

Ca(OH)₂. Two whole hydroxide ions balance one calcium ion.

Question 37

Name NH₄Cl. NH₄⁺ is ammonium.

Accepted Answer

Ammonium chloride. The cation is the whole NH₄⁺ ion, even though it contains no metal.

Question 38

Write the formula for aluminum sulfate using Al³⁺ and SO₄²⁻.

Accepted Answer

Al₂(SO₄)₃. Two aluminum ions supply +6 and three intact sulfate ions supply −6.

Question 39

Name Mg(NO₃)₂. NO₃⁻ is nitrate.

Accepted Answer

Magnesium nitrate. One Mg²⁺ ion is balanced by two nitrate ions.

Question 40

Write the formula for ammonium phosphate using NH₄⁺ and PO₄³⁻.

Accepted Answer

(NH₄)₃PO₄. Three ammonium ions balance one phosphate ion; only ammonium needs parentheses.

Question 41

How many whole hydroxide ions are represented in one formula unit of Ba(OH)₂?

Accepted Answer

Two hydroxide ions. The outer subscript multiplies the entire OH group, giving two O atoms and two H atoms.

Question 42

Name Fe₂(SO₄)₃ using Stock nomenclature. SO₄²⁻ is sulfate.

Accepted Answer

Iron(III) sulfate. Three sulfate ions total −6, so each of the two iron ions has charge +3.

Question 43

Write the formula for calcium nitrate using Ca²⁺ and NO₃⁻.

Accepted Answer

Ca(NO₃)₂. Two intact nitrate ions supply −2 to balance calcium’s +2.

Question 44

Name (NH₄)₂SO₄. NH₄⁺ is ammonium and SO₄²⁻ is sulfate.

Accepted Answer

Ammonium sulfate. Two ammonium ions balance one sulfate ion.

Question 45

Write the formula for magnesium phosphate using Mg²⁺ and PO₄³⁻.

Accepted Answer

Mg₃(PO₄)₂. Three magnesium ions and two phosphate ions give +6 and −6.

Question 46

Name NaHCO₃. HCO₃⁻ is hydrogen carbonate, also called bicarbonate.

Accepted Answer

Sodium hydrogen carbonate, also called sodium bicarbonate. HCO₃⁻ is one intact anion.

Question 47

Repair AlOH₃ as the formula for aluminum hydroxide, using Al³⁺ and OH⁻.

Accepted Answer

Al(OH)₃. Three whole hydroxide ions are needed. AlOH₃ fails to multiply the oxygen count along with the hydrogen count.

Question 48

Write the formula for ammonium sulfite using NH₄⁺ and SO₃²⁻.

Accepted Answer

(NH₄)₂SO₃. Two ammonium ions balance one sulfite ion; sulfite retains its three oxygen atoms.

Question 49

Name Cu(NO₃)₂ using Stock nomenclature. NO₃⁻ is nitrate.

Accepted Answer

Copper(II) nitrate. Two nitrate ions total −2, requiring Cu²⁺.

Question 50

Write the formula for iron(III) sulfate, using sulfate SO₄²⁻.

Accepted Answer

Fe₂(SO₄)₃. Two Fe³⁺ ions balance three sulfate ions.

Question 51

Repair K(CO₃)₂ as the formula for potassium carbonate, using K⁺ and CO₃²⁻.

Accepted Answer

K₂CO₃. Two potassium ions balance one carbonate ion. A single carbonate group needs no parentheses.

Question 52

Can Mg(NO₃)₂ be simplified to MgNO₃ by removing the outer subscript? Use Mg²⁺ and NO₃⁻.

Accepted Answer

No. The ion ratio is already 1:2. Removing the outer 2 would leave total charge +1 instead of zero.

Question 53

Name Ca(OH)₂. OH⁻ is hydroxide.

Accepted Answer

Calcium hydroxide. The two hydroxide ions balance one Ca²⁺ ion; the ion name stays hydroxide.

Question 54

What is the charge on each copper ion in Cu₃(PO₄)₂, taking phosphate as PO₄³⁻?

Accepted Answer

+2. Two phosphate ions total −6, shared equally among three copper ions as +2 each.

Question 55

Write the formula for sodium nitrite using Na⁺ and NO₂⁻.

Accepted Answer

NaNO₂. One nitrite ion balances one sodium ion. Keep NO₂⁻ intact; NO₃⁻ would be nitrate.

Question 56

Repair NH₄SO₄ as the formula for ammonium sulfate, using NH₄⁺ and SO₄²⁻.

Accepted Answer

(NH₄)₂SO₄. Two whole ammonium ions are required to balance one sulfate ion; the 2 goes outside the ammonium parentheses.

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Ionic Compound Naming Flashcards: Names, Formulas & Charge Balance