Cell Organelle Flashcards: 24 Structures & Functions in Both Directions
Learn 24 common plant and animal cell structures with 48 two-way flashcards linking each name to its primary function.
Um þennan stokk
These cell organelle flashcards cover 24 common structures encountered when studying plant and animal cells. The 48 text-only cards practice two mappings for every structure: the structure name to its primary function, and an unambiguous primary-function cue back to the name.
The deck distinguishes shared eukaryotic structures from structures that are characteristic of plant cells or common in animal cells. It also separates jobs that are easy to confuse: ribosomes build proteins, rough ER folds and begins processing selected proteins, the Golgi apparatus modifies and sorts cargo, and transport vesicles carry cargo between compartments. Motile cilia are cued by moving fluid across many animal tissue surfaces, while a eukaryotic flagellum is cued by propelling a whole cell.
The sequence starts with whole-cell boundaries and contents, then moves through genetic information and protein handling, energy and recycling, support and movement, and plant-specific structures. Name-to-function and function-to-name cards are interleaved. Paired variants have at least three unrelated cards between them.
This is a focused cell organelle quiz for secondary and introductory biology, not a full biology course. It excludes diagrams and image identification, prokaryotic structures, detailed ultrastructure, pathways, disease and clinical facts, microscopy, and pronunciation. There are no card images.
Facts were checked against the NHGRI Talking Glossary, the NIGMS organelle tour, U.S. government-hosted cell biology references in NCBI Bookshelf, and plant-cell material from the USDA Agricultural Research Service. Every prompt, answer, selection, sequence, and metadata field was independently authored. No source prose, layout, or media was copied. Facts and source materials aren't claimed as ours.
The original deck wording, organization, metadata, and generated cover are dedicated under CC0 1.0 to the extent applicable rights exist. CC0 doesn't apply to source material or source ownership. Independent study deck. Not affiliated with or endorsed by NIH, NHGRI, NIGMS, NCBI, or USDA.
Spjöld í þessum stokki
Spjald 1
Spurning
Cell structure: plasma membrane → primary function
Svar
Selectively controls which materials enter and leave the cell.
Spjald 2
Spurning
Cell structure: cytoplasm → primary function
Svar
Provides the fluid-filled region where organelles are suspended and many cellular reactions occur.
Spjald 3
Spurning
Cell structure: nucleus → primary function
Svar
Stores most of a eukaryotic cell's DNA in chromosomes.
Spjald 4
Spurning
Cell structure: nucleolus → primary function
Svar
Produces ribosomal RNA and assembles ribosomal subunits inside the nucleus.
Spjald 5
Spurning
Which cell boundary selectively controls materials entering and leaving a plant or animal cell?
Svar
Plasma membrane (cell membrane).
Spjald 6
Spurning
Cell structure: ribosome → primary function
Svar
Builds proteins by translating messenger RNA into amino acid chains.
Spjald 7
Spurning
Which region inside a eukaryotic cell, but outside its nucleus, suspends organelles and hosts many cellular reactions?
Svar
Cytoplasm.
Spjald 8
Spurning
Cell structure: rough endoplasmic reticulum → primary function
Svar
Folds and begins processing proteins made for secretion, membranes, or certain organelles.
Spjald 9
Spurning
Which membrane-enclosed organelle stores most of a plant or animal cell's DNA in chromosomes?
Svar
Nucleus.
Spjald 10
Spurning
Cell structure: smooth endoplasmic reticulum → primary function
Svar
Synthesizes lipids for membranes and other cell needs.
Spjald 11
Spurning
Which structure inside the nucleus produces ribosomal RNA and assembles ribosomal subunits?
Svar
Nucleolus.
Spjald 12
Spurning
Cell structure: Golgi apparatus → primary function
Svar
Modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and lipids for delivery to their destinations.
Spjald 13
Spurning
Which cellular structure translates messenger RNA into an amino acid chain?
Svar
Ribosome.
Spjald 14
Spurning
Cell structure: transport vesicle → primary function
Svar
Carries proteins and lipids between membrane-bound compartments or to the plasma membrane.
Spjald 15
Spurning
Which ribosome-studded membrane network folds and begins processing proteins for secretion or membranes?
Svar
Rough endoplasmic reticulum (rough ER).
Spjald 16
Spurning
Cell structure: mitochondrion → primary function
Svar
Generates ATP by converting energy from food molecules in many eukaryotic cells.
Spjald 17
Spurning
Which ribosome-free endoplasmic reticulum network synthesizes lipids for membranes and other cell needs?
Svar
Smooth endoplasmic reticulum (smooth ER).
Spjald 18
Spurning
Cell structure: lysosome → primary function
Svar
Breaks down and recycles macromolecules and worn cell parts with acidic enzymes, especially in animal cells.
Spjald 19
Spurning
Which eukaryotic organelle modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and lipids for delivery?
Svar
Golgi apparatus.
Spjald 20
Spurning
Cell structure: peroxisome → primary function
Svar
Breaks down fatty acids through oxidation and uses catalase to remove the resulting hydrogen peroxide.
Spjald 21
Spurning
Which small membrane-bound carrier moves protein or lipid cargo between cell compartments?
Svar
Transport vesicle.
Spjald 22
Spurning
Cell structure: cytoskeleton → primary function
Svar
Supports cell shape and organizes movement of the cell and its internal components.
Spjald 23
Spurning
Which organelle generates ATP by converting energy from food molecules in many plant and animal cells?
Svar
Mitochondrion.
Spjald 24
Spurning
Cell structure: microtubule → primary function
Svar
Forms rigid cytoskeletal tracks for organelle transport and helps build the mitotic spindle.
Spjald 25
Spurning
Which acidic, enzyme-filled organelle breaks down and recycles macromolecules and worn parts in many animal cells?
Svar
Lysosome.
Spjald 26
Spurning
Cell structure: microfilament (actin filament) → primary function
Svar
Drives cell-surface shape changes and contraction through thin actin-based fibers.
Spjald 27
Spurning
Which eukaryotic organelle oxidizes fatty acids and uses catalase to break down hydrogen peroxide?
Svar
Peroxisome.
Spjald 28
Spurning
Cell structure: intermediate filament → primary function
Svar
Provides tensile strength that helps many animal cells withstand mechanical stress.
Spjald 29
Spurning
Which network of protein filaments supports cell shape and organizes cell and organelle movement?
Svar
Cytoskeleton.
Spjald 30
Spurning
Cell structure: centrosome → primary function
Svar
Organizes microtubules in most animal cells, including those used to form the mitotic spindle.
Spjald 31
Spurning
Which rigid, hollow cytoskeletal filament serves as a track for organelle transport and helps form the mitotic spindle?
Svar
Microtubule.
Spjald 32
Spurning
Cell structure: centriole → primary function
Svar
Can become a basal body that anchors and organizes a cilium or flagellum in many animal cells.
Spjald 33
Spurning
Which thin actin-based cytoskeletal filament drives cell-surface shape changes and contraction?
Svar
Microfilament (actin filament).
Spjald 34
Spurning
Cell structure: cilium → primary function
Svar
Moves fluid or mucus across the surfaces of many animal tissues when motile.
Spjald 35
Spurning
Which rope-like cytoskeletal filament gives many animal cells tensile strength against mechanical stress?
Svar
Intermediate filament.
Spjald 36
Spurning
Cell structure: flagellum → primary function
Svar
Propels a eukaryotic cell through fluid, as in a sperm cell.
Spjald 37
Spurning
Which microtubule-organizing center in most animal cells helps arrange the mitotic spindle?
Svar
Centrosome.
Spjald 38
Spurning
Cell structure: cell wall → primary function
Svar
Provides rigid external support and resists internal turgor pressure in plant cells.
Spjald 39
Spurning
Which cylindrical microtubule structure can become the basal body that anchors a cilium or flagellum?
Svar
Centriole.
Spjald 40
Spurning
Cell structure: chloroplast → primary function
Svar
Carries out photosynthesis in photosynthetic plant cells, converting light energy into chemical energy stored in sugars.
Spjald 41
Spurning
Which short, often numerous eukaryotic surface projection beats to move fluid or mucus across many animal tissues?
Svar
Cilium.
Spjald 42
Spurning
Cell structure: central vacuole → primary function
Svar
Stores water and dissolved substances and helps maintain turgor pressure in many mature plant cells.
Spjald 43
Spurning
Which long eukaryotic surface projection usually occurs one or a few per cell and propels the whole cell through fluid?
Svar
Flagellum.
Spjald 44
Spurning
Cell structure: plasmodesma → primary function
Svar
Forms a channel through plant cell walls for direct transport and signaling between adjacent cells.
Spjald 45
Spurning
Which rigid layer outside a plant cell's plasma membrane supports the cell and resists turgor pressure?
Svar
Cell wall.
Spjald 46
Spurning
Which organelle converts light energy into chemical energy during photosynthesis in photosynthetic plant cells?
Svar
Chloroplast.
Spjald 47
Spurning
Which large organelle in many mature plant cells stores water and dissolved substances while supporting turgor pressure?
Svar
Central vacuole.
Spjald 48
Spurning
Which channel through a plant cell wall allows materials and signals to pass directly between adjacent cells?
Svar
Plasmodesma.
48 spjöld
Cell Organelle Flashcards: 24 Structures & Functions in Both Directions
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