Cell Organelle Flashcards: 24 Structures & Functions in Both Directions
Learn 24 common plant and animal cell structures with 48 two-way flashcards linking each name to its primary function.
Om denne bunke
These cell organelle flashcards cover 24 common structures encountered when studying plant and animal cells. The 48 text-only cards practice two mappings for every structure: the structure name to its primary function, and an unambiguous primary-function cue back to the name.
The deck distinguishes shared eukaryotic structures from structures that are characteristic of plant cells or common in animal cells. It also separates jobs that are easy to confuse: ribosomes build proteins, rough ER folds and begins processing selected proteins, the Golgi apparatus modifies and sorts cargo, and transport vesicles carry cargo between compartments. Motile cilia are cued by moving fluid across many animal tissue surfaces, while a eukaryotic flagellum is cued by propelling a whole cell.
The sequence starts with whole-cell boundaries and contents, then moves through genetic information and protein handling, energy and recycling, support and movement, and plant-specific structures. Name-to-function and function-to-name cards are interleaved. Paired variants have at least three unrelated cards between them.
This is a focused cell organelle quiz for secondary and introductory biology, not a full biology course. It excludes diagrams and image identification, prokaryotic structures, detailed ultrastructure, pathways, disease and clinical facts, microscopy, and pronunciation. There are no card images.
Facts were checked against the NHGRI Talking Glossary, the NIGMS organelle tour, U.S. government-hosted cell biology references in NCBI Bookshelf, and plant-cell material from the USDA Agricultural Research Service. Every prompt, answer, selection, sequence, and metadata field was independently authored. No source prose, layout, or media was copied. Facts and source materials aren't claimed as ours.
The original deck wording, organization, metadata, and generated cover are dedicated under CC0 1.0 to the extent applicable rights exist. CC0 doesn't apply to source material or source ownership. Independent study deck. Not affiliated with or endorsed by NIH, NHGRI, NIGMS, NCBI, or USDA.
Kort i denne bunke
Kort 1
Spørgsmål
Cell structure: plasma membrane → primary function
Svar
Selectively controls which materials enter and leave the cell.
Kort 2
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Cell structure: cytoplasm → primary function
Svar
Provides the fluid-filled region where organelles are suspended and many cellular reactions occur.
Kort 3
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Cell structure: nucleus → primary function
Svar
Stores most of a eukaryotic cell's DNA in chromosomes.
Kort 4
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Cell structure: nucleolus → primary function
Svar
Produces ribosomal RNA and assembles ribosomal subunits inside the nucleus.
Kort 5
Spørgsmål
Which cell boundary selectively controls materials entering and leaving a plant or animal cell?
Svar
Plasma membrane (cell membrane).
Kort 6
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Cell structure: ribosome → primary function
Svar
Builds proteins by translating messenger RNA into amino acid chains.
Kort 7
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Which region inside a eukaryotic cell, but outside its nucleus, suspends organelles and hosts many cellular reactions?
Svar
Cytoplasm.
Kort 8
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Cell structure: rough endoplasmic reticulum → primary function
Svar
Folds and begins processing proteins made for secretion, membranes, or certain organelles.
Kort 9
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Which membrane-enclosed organelle stores most of a plant or animal cell's DNA in chromosomes?
Svar
Nucleus.
Kort 10
Spørgsmål
Cell structure: smooth endoplasmic reticulum → primary function
Svar
Synthesizes lipids for membranes and other cell needs.
Kort 11
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Which structure inside the nucleus produces ribosomal RNA and assembles ribosomal subunits?
Svar
Nucleolus.
Kort 12
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Cell structure: Golgi apparatus → primary function
Svar
Modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and lipids for delivery to their destinations.
Kort 13
Spørgsmål
Which cellular structure translates messenger RNA into an amino acid chain?
Svar
Ribosome.
Kort 14
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Cell structure: transport vesicle → primary function
Svar
Carries proteins and lipids between membrane-bound compartments or to the plasma membrane.
Kort 15
Spørgsmål
Which ribosome-studded membrane network folds and begins processing proteins for secretion or membranes?
Svar
Rough endoplasmic reticulum (rough ER).
Kort 16
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Cell structure: mitochondrion → primary function
Svar
Generates ATP by converting energy from food molecules in many eukaryotic cells.
Kort 17
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Which ribosome-free endoplasmic reticulum network synthesizes lipids for membranes and other cell needs?
Svar
Smooth endoplasmic reticulum (smooth ER).
Kort 18
Spørgsmål
Cell structure: lysosome → primary function
Svar
Breaks down and recycles macromolecules and worn cell parts with acidic enzymes, especially in animal cells.
Kort 19
Spørgsmål
Which eukaryotic organelle modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and lipids for delivery?
Svar
Golgi apparatus.
Kort 20
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Cell structure: peroxisome → primary function
Svar
Breaks down fatty acids through oxidation and uses catalase to remove the resulting hydrogen peroxide.
Kort 21
Spørgsmål
Which small membrane-bound carrier moves protein or lipid cargo between cell compartments?
Svar
Transport vesicle.
Kort 22
Spørgsmål
Cell structure: cytoskeleton → primary function
Svar
Supports cell shape and organizes movement of the cell and its internal components.
Kort 23
Spørgsmål
Which organelle generates ATP by converting energy from food molecules in many plant and animal cells?
Svar
Mitochondrion.
Kort 24
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Cell structure: microtubule → primary function
Svar
Forms rigid cytoskeletal tracks for organelle transport and helps build the mitotic spindle.
Kort 25
Spørgsmål
Which acidic, enzyme-filled organelle breaks down and recycles macromolecules and worn parts in many animal cells?
Svar
Lysosome.
Kort 26
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Cell structure: microfilament (actin filament) → primary function
Svar
Drives cell-surface shape changes and contraction through thin actin-based fibers.
Kort 27
Spørgsmål
Which eukaryotic organelle oxidizes fatty acids and uses catalase to break down hydrogen peroxide?
Svar
Peroxisome.
Kort 28
Spørgsmål
Cell structure: intermediate filament → primary function
Svar
Provides tensile strength that helps many animal cells withstand mechanical stress.
Kort 29
Spørgsmål
Which network of protein filaments supports cell shape and organizes cell and organelle movement?
Svar
Cytoskeleton.
Kort 30
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Cell structure: centrosome → primary function
Svar
Organizes microtubules in most animal cells, including those used to form the mitotic spindle.
Kort 31
Spørgsmål
Which rigid, hollow cytoskeletal filament serves as a track for organelle transport and helps form the mitotic spindle?
Svar
Microtubule.
Kort 32
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Cell structure: centriole → primary function
Svar
Can become a basal body that anchors and organizes a cilium or flagellum in many animal cells.
Kort 33
Spørgsmål
Which thin actin-based cytoskeletal filament drives cell-surface shape changes and contraction?
Svar
Microfilament (actin filament).
Kort 34
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Cell structure: cilium → primary function
Svar
Moves fluid or mucus across the surfaces of many animal tissues when motile.
Kort 35
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Which rope-like cytoskeletal filament gives many animal cells tensile strength against mechanical stress?
Svar
Intermediate filament.
Kort 36
Spørgsmål
Cell structure: flagellum → primary function
Svar
Propels a eukaryotic cell through fluid, as in a sperm cell.
Kort 37
Spørgsmål
Which microtubule-organizing center in most animal cells helps arrange the mitotic spindle?
Svar
Centrosome.
Kort 38
Spørgsmål
Cell structure: cell wall → primary function
Svar
Provides rigid external support and resists internal turgor pressure in plant cells.
Kort 39
Spørgsmål
Which cylindrical microtubule structure can become the basal body that anchors a cilium or flagellum?
Svar
Centriole.
Kort 40
Spørgsmål
Cell structure: chloroplast → primary function
Svar
Carries out photosynthesis in photosynthetic plant cells, converting light energy into chemical energy stored in sugars.
Kort 41
Spørgsmål
Which short, often numerous eukaryotic surface projection beats to move fluid or mucus across many animal tissues?
Svar
Cilium.
Kort 42
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Cell structure: central vacuole → primary function
Svar
Stores water and dissolved substances and helps maintain turgor pressure in many mature plant cells.
Kort 43
Spørgsmål
Which long eukaryotic surface projection usually occurs one or a few per cell and propels the whole cell through fluid?
Svar
Flagellum.
Kort 44
Spørgsmål
Cell structure: plasmodesma → primary function
Svar
Forms a channel through plant cell walls for direct transport and signaling between adjacent cells.
Kort 45
Spørgsmål
Which rigid layer outside a plant cell's plasma membrane supports the cell and resists turgor pressure?
Svar
Cell wall.
Kort 46
Spørgsmål
Which organelle converts light energy into chemical energy during photosynthesis in photosynthetic plant cells?
Svar
Chloroplast.
Kort 47
Spørgsmål
Which large organelle in many mature plant cells stores water and dissolved substances while supporting turgor pressure?
Svar
Central vacuole.
Kort 48
Spørgsmål
Which channel through a plant cell wall allows materials and signals to pass directly between adjacent cells?
Svar
Plasmodesma.
48 kort
Cell Organelle Flashcards: 24 Structures & Functions in Both Directions
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