Cell Organelle Flashcards: 24 Structures & Functions in Both Directions
Learn 24 common plant and animal cell structures with 48 two-way flashcards linking each name to its primary function.
O tem kompletu
These cell organelle flashcards cover 24 common structures encountered when studying plant and animal cells. The 48 text-only cards practice two mappings for every structure: the structure name to its primary function, and an unambiguous primary-function cue back to the name.
The deck distinguishes shared eukaryotic structures from structures that are characteristic of plant cells or common in animal cells. It also separates jobs that are easy to confuse: ribosomes build proteins, rough ER folds and begins processing selected proteins, the Golgi apparatus modifies and sorts cargo, and transport vesicles carry cargo between compartments. Motile cilia are cued by moving fluid across many animal tissue surfaces, while a eukaryotic flagellum is cued by propelling a whole cell.
The sequence starts with whole-cell boundaries and contents, then moves through genetic information and protein handling, energy and recycling, support and movement, and plant-specific structures. Name-to-function and function-to-name cards are interleaved. Paired variants have at least three unrelated cards between them.
This is a focused cell organelle quiz for secondary and introductory biology, not a full biology course. It excludes diagrams and image identification, prokaryotic structures, detailed ultrastructure, pathways, disease and clinical facts, microscopy, and pronunciation. There are no card images.
Facts were checked against the NHGRI Talking Glossary, the NIGMS organelle tour, U.S. government-hosted cell biology references in NCBI Bookshelf, and plant-cell material from the USDA Agricultural Research Service. Every prompt, answer, selection, sequence, and metadata field was independently authored. No source prose, layout, or media was copied. Facts and source materials aren't claimed as ours.
The original deck wording, organization, metadata, and generated cover are dedicated under CC0 1.0 to the extent applicable rights exist. CC0 doesn't apply to source material or source ownership. Independent study deck. Not affiliated with or endorsed by NIH, NHGRI, NIGMS, NCBI, or USDA.
Kartice v tem kompletu
Kartica 1
Vprašanje
Cell structure: plasma membrane → primary function
Odgovor
Selectively controls which materials enter and leave the cell.
Kartica 2
Vprašanje
Cell structure: cytoplasm → primary function
Odgovor
Provides the fluid-filled region where organelles are suspended and many cellular reactions occur.
Kartica 3
Vprašanje
Cell structure: nucleus → primary function
Odgovor
Stores most of a eukaryotic cell's DNA in chromosomes.
Kartica 4
Vprašanje
Cell structure: nucleolus → primary function
Odgovor
Produces ribosomal RNA and assembles ribosomal subunits inside the nucleus.
Kartica 5
Vprašanje
Which cell boundary selectively controls materials entering and leaving a plant or animal cell?
Odgovor
Plasma membrane (cell membrane).
Kartica 6
Vprašanje
Cell structure: ribosome → primary function
Odgovor
Builds proteins by translating messenger RNA into amino acid chains.
Kartica 7
Vprašanje
Which region inside a eukaryotic cell, but outside its nucleus, suspends organelles and hosts many cellular reactions?
Odgovor
Cytoplasm.
Kartica 8
Vprašanje
Cell structure: rough endoplasmic reticulum → primary function
Odgovor
Folds and begins processing proteins made for secretion, membranes, or certain organelles.
Kartica 9
Vprašanje
Which membrane-enclosed organelle stores most of a plant or animal cell's DNA in chromosomes?
Odgovor
Nucleus.
Kartica 10
Vprašanje
Cell structure: smooth endoplasmic reticulum → primary function
Odgovor
Synthesizes lipids for membranes and other cell needs.
Kartica 11
Vprašanje
Which structure inside the nucleus produces ribosomal RNA and assembles ribosomal subunits?
Odgovor
Nucleolus.
Kartica 12
Vprašanje
Cell structure: Golgi apparatus → primary function
Odgovor
Modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and lipids for delivery to their destinations.
Kartica 13
Vprašanje
Which cellular structure translates messenger RNA into an amino acid chain?
Odgovor
Ribosome.
Kartica 14
Vprašanje
Cell structure: transport vesicle → primary function
Odgovor
Carries proteins and lipids between membrane-bound compartments or to the plasma membrane.
Kartica 15
Vprašanje
Which ribosome-studded membrane network folds and begins processing proteins for secretion or membranes?
Odgovor
Rough endoplasmic reticulum (rough ER).
Kartica 16
Vprašanje
Cell structure: mitochondrion → primary function
Odgovor
Generates ATP by converting energy from food molecules in many eukaryotic cells.
Kartica 17
Vprašanje
Which ribosome-free endoplasmic reticulum network synthesizes lipids for membranes and other cell needs?
Odgovor
Smooth endoplasmic reticulum (smooth ER).
Kartica 18
Vprašanje
Cell structure: lysosome → primary function
Odgovor
Breaks down and recycles macromolecules and worn cell parts with acidic enzymes, especially in animal cells.
Kartica 19
Vprašanje
Which eukaryotic organelle modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and lipids for delivery?
Odgovor
Golgi apparatus.
Kartica 20
Vprašanje
Cell structure: peroxisome → primary function
Odgovor
Breaks down fatty acids through oxidation and uses catalase to remove the resulting hydrogen peroxide.
Kartica 21
Vprašanje
Which small membrane-bound carrier moves protein or lipid cargo between cell compartments?
Odgovor
Transport vesicle.
Kartica 22
Vprašanje
Cell structure: cytoskeleton → primary function
Odgovor
Supports cell shape and organizes movement of the cell and its internal components.
Kartica 23
Vprašanje
Which organelle generates ATP by converting energy from food molecules in many plant and animal cells?
Odgovor
Mitochondrion.
Kartica 24
Vprašanje
Cell structure: microtubule → primary function
Odgovor
Forms rigid cytoskeletal tracks for organelle transport and helps build the mitotic spindle.
Kartica 25
Vprašanje
Which acidic, enzyme-filled organelle breaks down and recycles macromolecules and worn parts in many animal cells?
Odgovor
Lysosome.
Kartica 26
Vprašanje
Cell structure: microfilament (actin filament) → primary function
Odgovor
Drives cell-surface shape changes and contraction through thin actin-based fibers.
Kartica 27
Vprašanje
Which eukaryotic organelle oxidizes fatty acids and uses catalase to break down hydrogen peroxide?
Odgovor
Peroxisome.
Kartica 28
Vprašanje
Cell structure: intermediate filament → primary function
Odgovor
Provides tensile strength that helps many animal cells withstand mechanical stress.
Kartica 29
Vprašanje
Which network of protein filaments supports cell shape and organizes cell and organelle movement?
Odgovor
Cytoskeleton.
Kartica 30
Vprašanje
Cell structure: centrosome → primary function
Odgovor
Organizes microtubules in most animal cells, including those used to form the mitotic spindle.
Kartica 31
Vprašanje
Which rigid, hollow cytoskeletal filament serves as a track for organelle transport and helps form the mitotic spindle?
Odgovor
Microtubule.
Kartica 32
Vprašanje
Cell structure: centriole → primary function
Odgovor
Can become a basal body that anchors and organizes a cilium or flagellum in many animal cells.
Kartica 33
Vprašanje
Which thin actin-based cytoskeletal filament drives cell-surface shape changes and contraction?
Odgovor
Microfilament (actin filament).
Kartica 34
Vprašanje
Cell structure: cilium → primary function
Odgovor
Moves fluid or mucus across the surfaces of many animal tissues when motile.
Kartica 35
Vprašanje
Which rope-like cytoskeletal filament gives many animal cells tensile strength against mechanical stress?
Odgovor
Intermediate filament.
Kartica 36
Vprašanje
Cell structure: flagellum → primary function
Odgovor
Propels a eukaryotic cell through fluid, as in a sperm cell.
Kartica 37
Vprašanje
Which microtubule-organizing center in most animal cells helps arrange the mitotic spindle?
Odgovor
Centrosome.
Kartica 38
Vprašanje
Cell structure: cell wall → primary function
Odgovor
Provides rigid external support and resists internal turgor pressure in plant cells.
Kartica 39
Vprašanje
Which cylindrical microtubule structure can become the basal body that anchors a cilium or flagellum?
Odgovor
Centriole.
Kartica 40
Vprašanje
Cell structure: chloroplast → primary function
Odgovor
Carries out photosynthesis in photosynthetic plant cells, converting light energy into chemical energy stored in sugars.
Kartica 41
Vprašanje
Which short, often numerous eukaryotic surface projection beats to move fluid or mucus across many animal tissues?
Odgovor
Cilium.
Kartica 42
Vprašanje
Cell structure: central vacuole → primary function
Odgovor
Stores water and dissolved substances and helps maintain turgor pressure in many mature plant cells.
Kartica 43
Vprašanje
Which long eukaryotic surface projection usually occurs one or a few per cell and propels the whole cell through fluid?
Odgovor
Flagellum.
Kartica 44
Vprašanje
Cell structure: plasmodesma → primary function
Odgovor
Forms a channel through plant cell walls for direct transport and signaling between adjacent cells.
Kartica 45
Vprašanje
Which rigid layer outside a plant cell's plasma membrane supports the cell and resists turgor pressure?
Odgovor
Cell wall.
Kartica 46
Vprašanje
Which organelle converts light energy into chemical energy during photosynthesis in photosynthetic plant cells?
Odgovor
Chloroplast.
Kartica 47
Vprašanje
Which large organelle in many mature plant cells stores water and dissolved substances while supporting turgor pressure?
Odgovor
Central vacuole.
Kartica 48
Vprašanje
Which channel through a plant cell wall allows materials and signals to pass directly between adjacent cells?
Odgovor
Plasmodesma.
48 kartic
Cell Organelle Flashcards: 24 Structures & Functions in Both Directions
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