Cell Organelle Flashcards: 24 Structures & Functions in Both Directions
Learn 24 common plant and animal cell structures with 48 two-way flashcards linking each name to its primary function.
Apie šį rinkinį
These cell organelle flashcards cover 24 common structures encountered when studying plant and animal cells. The 48 text-only cards practice two mappings for every structure: the structure name to its primary function, and an unambiguous primary-function cue back to the name.
The deck distinguishes shared eukaryotic structures from structures that are characteristic of plant cells or common in animal cells. It also separates jobs that are easy to confuse: ribosomes build proteins, rough ER folds and begins processing selected proteins, the Golgi apparatus modifies and sorts cargo, and transport vesicles carry cargo between compartments. Motile cilia are cued by moving fluid across many animal tissue surfaces, while a eukaryotic flagellum is cued by propelling a whole cell.
The sequence starts with whole-cell boundaries and contents, then moves through genetic information and protein handling, energy and recycling, support and movement, and plant-specific structures. Name-to-function and function-to-name cards are interleaved. Paired variants have at least three unrelated cards between them.
This is a focused cell organelle quiz for secondary and introductory biology, not a full biology course. It excludes diagrams and image identification, prokaryotic structures, detailed ultrastructure, pathways, disease and clinical facts, microscopy, and pronunciation. There are no card images.
Facts were checked against the NHGRI Talking Glossary, the NIGMS organelle tour, U.S. government-hosted cell biology references in NCBI Bookshelf, and plant-cell material from the USDA Agricultural Research Service. Every prompt, answer, selection, sequence, and metadata field was independently authored. No source prose, layout, or media was copied. Facts and source materials aren't claimed as ours.
The original deck wording, organization, metadata, and generated cover are dedicated under CC0 1.0 to the extent applicable rights exist. CC0 doesn't apply to source material or source ownership. Independent study deck. Not affiliated with or endorsed by NIH, NHGRI, NIGMS, NCBI, or USDA.
Šio rinkinio kortelės
1 kortelė
Klausimas
Cell structure: plasma membrane → primary function
Atsakymas
Selectively controls which materials enter and leave the cell.
2 kortelė
Klausimas
Cell structure: cytoplasm → primary function
Atsakymas
Provides the fluid-filled region where organelles are suspended and many cellular reactions occur.
3 kortelė
Klausimas
Cell structure: nucleus → primary function
Atsakymas
Stores most of a eukaryotic cell's DNA in chromosomes.
4 kortelė
Klausimas
Cell structure: nucleolus → primary function
Atsakymas
Produces ribosomal RNA and assembles ribosomal subunits inside the nucleus.
5 kortelė
Klausimas
Which cell boundary selectively controls materials entering and leaving a plant or animal cell?
Atsakymas
Plasma membrane (cell membrane).
6 kortelė
Klausimas
Cell structure: ribosome → primary function
Atsakymas
Builds proteins by translating messenger RNA into amino acid chains.
7 kortelė
Klausimas
Which region inside a eukaryotic cell, but outside its nucleus, suspends organelles and hosts many cellular reactions?
Atsakymas
Cytoplasm.
8 kortelė
Klausimas
Cell structure: rough endoplasmic reticulum → primary function
Atsakymas
Folds and begins processing proteins made for secretion, membranes, or certain organelles.
9 kortelė
Klausimas
Which membrane-enclosed organelle stores most of a plant or animal cell's DNA in chromosomes?
Atsakymas
Nucleus.
10 kortelė
Klausimas
Cell structure: smooth endoplasmic reticulum → primary function
Atsakymas
Synthesizes lipids for membranes and other cell needs.
11 kortelė
Klausimas
Which structure inside the nucleus produces ribosomal RNA and assembles ribosomal subunits?
Atsakymas
Nucleolus.
12 kortelė
Klausimas
Cell structure: Golgi apparatus → primary function
Atsakymas
Modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and lipids for delivery to their destinations.
13 kortelė
Klausimas
Which cellular structure translates messenger RNA into an amino acid chain?
Atsakymas
Ribosome.
14 kortelė
Klausimas
Cell structure: transport vesicle → primary function
Atsakymas
Carries proteins and lipids between membrane-bound compartments or to the plasma membrane.
15 kortelė
Klausimas
Which ribosome-studded membrane network folds and begins processing proteins for secretion or membranes?
Atsakymas
Rough endoplasmic reticulum (rough ER).
16 kortelė
Klausimas
Cell structure: mitochondrion → primary function
Atsakymas
Generates ATP by converting energy from food molecules in many eukaryotic cells.
17 kortelė
Klausimas
Which ribosome-free endoplasmic reticulum network synthesizes lipids for membranes and other cell needs?
Atsakymas
Smooth endoplasmic reticulum (smooth ER).
18 kortelė
Klausimas
Cell structure: lysosome → primary function
Atsakymas
Breaks down and recycles macromolecules and worn cell parts with acidic enzymes, especially in animal cells.
19 kortelė
Klausimas
Which eukaryotic organelle modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and lipids for delivery?
Atsakymas
Golgi apparatus.
20 kortelė
Klausimas
Cell structure: peroxisome → primary function
Atsakymas
Breaks down fatty acids through oxidation and uses catalase to remove the resulting hydrogen peroxide.
21 kortelė
Klausimas
Which small membrane-bound carrier moves protein or lipid cargo between cell compartments?
Atsakymas
Transport vesicle.
22 kortelė
Klausimas
Cell structure: cytoskeleton → primary function
Atsakymas
Supports cell shape and organizes movement of the cell and its internal components.
23 kortelė
Klausimas
Which organelle generates ATP by converting energy from food molecules in many plant and animal cells?
Atsakymas
Mitochondrion.
24 kortelė
Klausimas
Cell structure: microtubule → primary function
Atsakymas
Forms rigid cytoskeletal tracks for organelle transport and helps build the mitotic spindle.
25 kortelė
Klausimas
Which acidic, enzyme-filled organelle breaks down and recycles macromolecules and worn parts in many animal cells?
Atsakymas
Lysosome.
26 kortelė
Klausimas
Cell structure: microfilament (actin filament) → primary function
Atsakymas
Drives cell-surface shape changes and contraction through thin actin-based fibers.
27 kortelė
Klausimas
Which eukaryotic organelle oxidizes fatty acids and uses catalase to break down hydrogen peroxide?
Atsakymas
Peroxisome.
28 kortelė
Klausimas
Cell structure: intermediate filament → primary function
Atsakymas
Provides tensile strength that helps many animal cells withstand mechanical stress.
29 kortelė
Klausimas
Which network of protein filaments supports cell shape and organizes cell and organelle movement?
Atsakymas
Cytoskeleton.
30 kortelė
Klausimas
Cell structure: centrosome → primary function
Atsakymas
Organizes microtubules in most animal cells, including those used to form the mitotic spindle.
31 kortelė
Klausimas
Which rigid, hollow cytoskeletal filament serves as a track for organelle transport and helps form the mitotic spindle?
Atsakymas
Microtubule.
32 kortelė
Klausimas
Cell structure: centriole → primary function
Atsakymas
Can become a basal body that anchors and organizes a cilium or flagellum in many animal cells.
33 kortelė
Klausimas
Which thin actin-based cytoskeletal filament drives cell-surface shape changes and contraction?
Atsakymas
Microfilament (actin filament).
34 kortelė
Klausimas
Cell structure: cilium → primary function
Atsakymas
Moves fluid or mucus across the surfaces of many animal tissues when motile.
35 kortelė
Klausimas
Which rope-like cytoskeletal filament gives many animal cells tensile strength against mechanical stress?
Atsakymas
Intermediate filament.
36 kortelė
Klausimas
Cell structure: flagellum → primary function
Atsakymas
Propels a eukaryotic cell through fluid, as in a sperm cell.
37 kortelė
Klausimas
Which microtubule-organizing center in most animal cells helps arrange the mitotic spindle?
Atsakymas
Centrosome.
38 kortelė
Klausimas
Cell structure: cell wall → primary function
Atsakymas
Provides rigid external support and resists internal turgor pressure in plant cells.
39 kortelė
Klausimas
Which cylindrical microtubule structure can become the basal body that anchors a cilium or flagellum?
Atsakymas
Centriole.
40 kortelė
Klausimas
Cell structure: chloroplast → primary function
Atsakymas
Carries out photosynthesis in photosynthetic plant cells, converting light energy into chemical energy stored in sugars.
41 kortelė
Klausimas
Which short, often numerous eukaryotic surface projection beats to move fluid or mucus across many animal tissues?
Atsakymas
Cilium.
42 kortelė
Klausimas
Cell structure: central vacuole → primary function
Atsakymas
Stores water and dissolved substances and helps maintain turgor pressure in many mature plant cells.
43 kortelė
Klausimas
Which long eukaryotic surface projection usually occurs one or a few per cell and propels the whole cell through fluid?
Atsakymas
Flagellum.
44 kortelė
Klausimas
Cell structure: plasmodesma → primary function
Atsakymas
Forms a channel through plant cell walls for direct transport and signaling between adjacent cells.
45 kortelė
Klausimas
Which rigid layer outside a plant cell's plasma membrane supports the cell and resists turgor pressure?
Atsakymas
Cell wall.
46 kortelė
Klausimas
Which organelle converts light energy into chemical energy during photosynthesis in photosynthetic plant cells?
Atsakymas
Chloroplast.
47 kortelė
Klausimas
Which large organelle in many mature plant cells stores water and dissolved substances while supporting turgor pressure?
Atsakymas
Central vacuole.
48 kortelė
Klausimas
Which channel through a plant cell wall allows materials and signals to pass directly between adjacent cells?
Atsakymas
Plasmodesma.
48 kortelės
Cell Organelle Flashcards: 24 Structures & Functions in Both Directions
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