Cell Organelle Flashcards: 24 Structures & Functions in Both Directions
Learn 24 common plant and animal cell structures with 48 two-way flashcards linking each name to its primary function.
O tomto balíčku
These cell organelle flashcards cover 24 common structures encountered when studying plant and animal cells. The 48 text-only cards practice two mappings for every structure: the structure name to its primary function, and an unambiguous primary-function cue back to the name.
The deck distinguishes shared eukaryotic structures from structures that are characteristic of plant cells or common in animal cells. It also separates jobs that are easy to confuse: ribosomes build proteins, rough ER folds and begins processing selected proteins, the Golgi apparatus modifies and sorts cargo, and transport vesicles carry cargo between compartments. Motile cilia are cued by moving fluid across many animal tissue surfaces, while a eukaryotic flagellum is cued by propelling a whole cell.
The sequence starts with whole-cell boundaries and contents, then moves through genetic information and protein handling, energy and recycling, support and movement, and plant-specific structures. Name-to-function and function-to-name cards are interleaved. Paired variants have at least three unrelated cards between them.
This is a focused cell organelle quiz for secondary and introductory biology, not a full biology course. It excludes diagrams and image identification, prokaryotic structures, detailed ultrastructure, pathways, disease and clinical facts, microscopy, and pronunciation. There are no card images.
Facts were checked against the NHGRI Talking Glossary, the NIGMS organelle tour, U.S. government-hosted cell biology references in NCBI Bookshelf, and plant-cell material from the USDA Agricultural Research Service. Every prompt, answer, selection, sequence, and metadata field was independently authored. No source prose, layout, or media was copied. Facts and source materials aren't claimed as ours.
The original deck wording, organization, metadata, and generated cover are dedicated under CC0 1.0 to the extent applicable rights exist. CC0 doesn't apply to source material or source ownership. Independent study deck. Not affiliated with or endorsed by NIH, NHGRI, NIGMS, NCBI, or USDA.
Kartičky v tomto balíčku
Kartička 1
Otázka
Cell structure: plasma membrane → primary function
Odpoveď
Selectively controls which materials enter and leave the cell.
Kartička 2
Otázka
Cell structure: cytoplasm → primary function
Odpoveď
Provides the fluid-filled region where organelles are suspended and many cellular reactions occur.
Kartička 3
Otázka
Cell structure: nucleus → primary function
Odpoveď
Stores most of a eukaryotic cell's DNA in chromosomes.
Kartička 4
Otázka
Cell structure: nucleolus → primary function
Odpoveď
Produces ribosomal RNA and assembles ribosomal subunits inside the nucleus.
Kartička 5
Otázka
Which cell boundary selectively controls materials entering and leaving a plant or animal cell?
Odpoveď
Plasma membrane (cell membrane).
Kartička 6
Otázka
Cell structure: ribosome → primary function
Odpoveď
Builds proteins by translating messenger RNA into amino acid chains.
Kartička 7
Otázka
Which region inside a eukaryotic cell, but outside its nucleus, suspends organelles and hosts many cellular reactions?
Odpoveď
Cytoplasm.
Kartička 8
Otázka
Cell structure: rough endoplasmic reticulum → primary function
Odpoveď
Folds and begins processing proteins made for secretion, membranes, or certain organelles.
Kartička 9
Otázka
Which membrane-enclosed organelle stores most of a plant or animal cell's DNA in chromosomes?
Odpoveď
Nucleus.
Kartička 10
Otázka
Cell structure: smooth endoplasmic reticulum → primary function
Odpoveď
Synthesizes lipids for membranes and other cell needs.
Kartička 11
Otázka
Which structure inside the nucleus produces ribosomal RNA and assembles ribosomal subunits?
Odpoveď
Nucleolus.
Kartička 12
Otázka
Cell structure: Golgi apparatus → primary function
Odpoveď
Modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and lipids for delivery to their destinations.
Kartička 13
Otázka
Which cellular structure translates messenger RNA into an amino acid chain?
Odpoveď
Ribosome.
Kartička 14
Otázka
Cell structure: transport vesicle → primary function
Odpoveď
Carries proteins and lipids between membrane-bound compartments or to the plasma membrane.
Kartička 15
Otázka
Which ribosome-studded membrane network folds and begins processing proteins for secretion or membranes?
Odpoveď
Rough endoplasmic reticulum (rough ER).
Kartička 16
Otázka
Cell structure: mitochondrion → primary function
Odpoveď
Generates ATP by converting energy from food molecules in many eukaryotic cells.
Kartička 17
Otázka
Which ribosome-free endoplasmic reticulum network synthesizes lipids for membranes and other cell needs?
Odpoveď
Smooth endoplasmic reticulum (smooth ER).
Kartička 18
Otázka
Cell structure: lysosome → primary function
Odpoveď
Breaks down and recycles macromolecules and worn cell parts with acidic enzymes, especially in animal cells.
Kartička 19
Otázka
Which eukaryotic organelle modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and lipids for delivery?
Odpoveď
Golgi apparatus.
Kartička 20
Otázka
Cell structure: peroxisome → primary function
Odpoveď
Breaks down fatty acids through oxidation and uses catalase to remove the resulting hydrogen peroxide.
Kartička 21
Otázka
Which small membrane-bound carrier moves protein or lipid cargo between cell compartments?
Odpoveď
Transport vesicle.
Kartička 22
Otázka
Cell structure: cytoskeleton → primary function
Odpoveď
Supports cell shape and organizes movement of the cell and its internal components.
Kartička 23
Otázka
Which organelle generates ATP by converting energy from food molecules in many plant and animal cells?
Odpoveď
Mitochondrion.
Kartička 24
Otázka
Cell structure: microtubule → primary function
Odpoveď
Forms rigid cytoskeletal tracks for organelle transport and helps build the mitotic spindle.
Kartička 25
Otázka
Which acidic, enzyme-filled organelle breaks down and recycles macromolecules and worn parts in many animal cells?
Odpoveď
Lysosome.
Kartička 26
Otázka
Cell structure: microfilament (actin filament) → primary function
Odpoveď
Drives cell-surface shape changes and contraction through thin actin-based fibers.
Kartička 27
Otázka
Which eukaryotic organelle oxidizes fatty acids and uses catalase to break down hydrogen peroxide?
Odpoveď
Peroxisome.
Kartička 28
Otázka
Cell structure: intermediate filament → primary function
Odpoveď
Provides tensile strength that helps many animal cells withstand mechanical stress.
Kartička 29
Otázka
Which network of protein filaments supports cell shape and organizes cell and organelle movement?
Odpoveď
Cytoskeleton.
Kartička 30
Otázka
Cell structure: centrosome → primary function
Odpoveď
Organizes microtubules in most animal cells, including those used to form the mitotic spindle.
Kartička 31
Otázka
Which rigid, hollow cytoskeletal filament serves as a track for organelle transport and helps form the mitotic spindle?
Odpoveď
Microtubule.
Kartička 32
Otázka
Cell structure: centriole → primary function
Odpoveď
Can become a basal body that anchors and organizes a cilium or flagellum in many animal cells.
Kartička 33
Otázka
Which thin actin-based cytoskeletal filament drives cell-surface shape changes and contraction?
Odpoveď
Microfilament (actin filament).
Kartička 34
Otázka
Cell structure: cilium → primary function
Odpoveď
Moves fluid or mucus across the surfaces of many animal tissues when motile.
Kartička 35
Otázka
Which rope-like cytoskeletal filament gives many animal cells tensile strength against mechanical stress?
Odpoveď
Intermediate filament.
Kartička 36
Otázka
Cell structure: flagellum → primary function
Odpoveď
Propels a eukaryotic cell through fluid, as in a sperm cell.
Kartička 37
Otázka
Which microtubule-organizing center in most animal cells helps arrange the mitotic spindle?
Odpoveď
Centrosome.
Kartička 38
Otázka
Cell structure: cell wall → primary function
Odpoveď
Provides rigid external support and resists internal turgor pressure in plant cells.
Kartička 39
Otázka
Which cylindrical microtubule structure can become the basal body that anchors a cilium or flagellum?
Odpoveď
Centriole.
Kartička 40
Otázka
Cell structure: chloroplast → primary function
Odpoveď
Carries out photosynthesis in photosynthetic plant cells, converting light energy into chemical energy stored in sugars.
Kartička 41
Otázka
Which short, often numerous eukaryotic surface projection beats to move fluid or mucus across many animal tissues?
Odpoveď
Cilium.
Kartička 42
Otázka
Cell structure: central vacuole → primary function
Odpoveď
Stores water and dissolved substances and helps maintain turgor pressure in many mature plant cells.
Kartička 43
Otázka
Which long eukaryotic surface projection usually occurs one or a few per cell and propels the whole cell through fluid?
Odpoveď
Flagellum.
Kartička 44
Otázka
Cell structure: plasmodesma → primary function
Odpoveď
Forms a channel through plant cell walls for direct transport and signaling between adjacent cells.
Kartička 45
Otázka
Which rigid layer outside a plant cell's plasma membrane supports the cell and resists turgor pressure?
Odpoveď
Cell wall.
Kartička 46
Otázka
Which organelle converts light energy into chemical energy during photosynthesis in photosynthetic plant cells?
Odpoveď
Chloroplast.
Kartička 47
Otázka
Which large organelle in many mature plant cells stores water and dissolved substances while supporting turgor pressure?
Odpoveď
Central vacuole.
Kartička 48
Otázka
Which channel through a plant cell wall allows materials and signals to pass directly between adjacent cells?
Odpoveď
Plasmodesma.
48 kartičiek
Cell Organelle Flashcards: 24 Structures & Functions in Both Directions
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