Coding vs Template Strand Flashcards: Transcription Practice
Practice 46 original English cards on coding and template DNA strands: four RNA-conversion cases, strand choice, two reverse mappings, repairs, and evidence limits.
Sellest kaardipakist
Practice coding vs template strand decisions with 46 original English flashcards for introductory biology. Each sequence exercise states the strand’s role for a gene and labels its 5′ and 3′ ends. Report the initial, unprocessed RNA segment before processing, written 5′ → 3′.
The deck includes 20 DNA-to-RNA exercises: five coding strands displayed 5′ → 3′, five coding strands displayed 3′ → 5′, five template strands displayed 3′ → 5′, and five template strands displayed 5′ → 3′. Eight complementary two-strand displays ask which strand is the template from RNA polymerase’s stated movement, with four cases in each movement direction. Two reverse exercises start from an initial RNA segment and request its corresponding coding or template DNA segment, both explicitly written 5′ → 3′. Eight repairs address wrong rules or proposed answers, and four evidence checks identify missing role, orientation, processing information, or transcription evidence.
Four foundation cards introduce the template role, RNA synthesis direction, antiparallel alignment, and RNA alphabet. The fixed order starts with the basic coding and template cases, then mixes orientations, strand choices, repairs, reverse mappings, and limits. Repeated conversion-operation families are separated by at least three intervening cards, including related repairs and reverse mappings. The review scheduler handles later spacing. Answers give the result first and a short reason; every card carries the transcription-strands tag.
All short base sequences are invented practice segments, not identified genes. Mature-mRNA prediction is excluded because processing information is not supplied; one card asks you to recognize that limit. Translation, codon tables, reading frames, mutations, promoter inference, species-specific mechanisms, and complete-course or exam alignment are outside the scope. Additional reverse-orientation permutations and arbitrary sequence-generation prompts are omitted to keep the retrieval tasks focused. For a longer explanation, read the coding vs template strand lesson.
The questions, answers, artificial sequences, organization, and metadata were written independently with AI assistance and checked against common reference facts. Factual references are NHGRI’s Finding Genes and RNA fact sheet. No competitor cards, textbook examples, examination questions, source prose, diagrams, or logos were copied. Reference materials retain their own rights; facts are not claimed as proprietary.
Original material, including the AI-generated decorative cover, is dedicated under CC0 1.0 to the extent applicable rights exist. The cover is an abstract illustration, not a molecular diagram. This is independent study material; NHGRI and other institutions do not endorse it.
Selle kaardipaki kaardid
Kaart 1
Küsimus
For a gene, which DNA strand does RNA polymerase use as its base-pairing guide?
Vastus
The template strand. Its bases determine the complementary RNA bases.
Kaart 2
Küsimus
In which direction does RNA polymerase build a new RNA strand?
Vastus
5′ → 3′. New nucleotides are added at the growing RNA strand’s 3′ end.
Kaart 3
Küsimus
How do the directions of an RNA segment and its paired DNA template align?
Vastus
They are antiparallel: an RNA segment runs 5′ → 3′ alongside a template segment running 3′ → 5′.
Kaart 4
Küsimus
Which four base letters belong in an ordinary RNA sequence?
Vastus
A, U, C, and G. RNA uses U (uracil) where the corresponding coding DNA has T (thymine).
Kaart 5
Küsimus
This gene’s transcribed DNA segment is shown as the coding strand. Write the initial, unprocessed RNA segment before processing, 5′ → 3′.
Coding DNA: 5′-GTACCTGA-3′Vastus
RNA: 5′-GUACCUGA-3′Keep the coding strand’s order and replace T with U.
Kaart 6
Küsimus
This gene’s transcribed DNA segment is shown as the template strand. Write the initial, unprocessed RNA segment before processing, 5′ → 3′.
Template DNA: 3′-CAGTTCGA-5′Vastus
RNA: 5′-GUCAAGCU-3′Complement the template in the displayed order: A → U, T → A, C → G, G → C.
Kaart 7
Küsimus
RNA polymerase moves left to right across this transcribed segment. Which DNA strand is the template for this gene?
Top: 3′-AGCTCAGG-5′ Bottom: 5′-TCGAGTCC-3′Vastus
Top strand. Along the stated movement, this strand is read 3′ → 5′.
Kaart 8
Küsimus
This gene’s transcribed DNA segment is shown as the template strand. Write the initial, unprocessed RNA segment before processing, 5′ → 3′.
Template DNA: 5′-TGCAGATCCA-3′Vastus
RNA: 5′-UGGAUCUGCA-3′Reverse the displayed template, then complement it: A → U, T → A, C → G, G → C.
Kaart 9
Küsimus
This gene’s transcribed DNA segment is shown as the coding strand. Write the initial, unprocessed RNA segment before processing, 5′ → 3′.
Coding DNA: 5′-CAGTACGTT-3′Vastus
RNA: 5′-CAGUACGUU-3′Keep the coding strand’s order and replace T with U.
Kaart 10
Küsimus
This gene’s transcribed DNA segment is shown as the coding strand. Write the initial, unprocessed RNA segment before processing, 5′ → 3′.
Coding DNA: 3′-CTAGACCTGA-5′Vastus
RNA: 5′-AGUCCAGAUC-3′Read the coding strand from its 5′ end: reverse the displayed letters, then replace T with U.
Kaart 11
Küsimus
RNA polymerase moves right to left across this transcribed segment. Which DNA strand is the template for this gene?
Top: 3′-ATCGGTCA-5′ Bottom: 5′-TAGCCAGT-3′Vastus
Bottom strand. Along the stated movement, this strand is read 3′ → 5′.
Kaart 12
Küsimus
This gene’s transcribed DNA segment is shown as the template strand. Write the initial, unprocessed RNA segment before processing, 5′ → 3′.
Template DNA: 3′-GCTACCATGT-5′Vastus
RNA: 5′-CGAUGGUACA-3′Complement the template in the displayed order: A → U, T → A, C → G, G → C.
Kaart 13
Küsimus
This gene’s transcribed DNA segment is shown as the template strand. The proposal complements its displayed bases, then changes the end labels without reversing the letters. Correct the initial, unprocessed RNA segment before processing, 5′ → 3′.
Template DNA: 5′-CGATTCAG-3′ Proposed RNA: 5′-GCUAAGUC-3′Vastus
RNA: 5′-CUGAAUCG-3′The complement in displayed order runs 3′ → 5′. Reverse its letters as well as its end labels to report it 5′ → 3′.
Kaart 14
Küsimus
This gene’s transcribed DNA segment is shown as the coding strand. Write the initial, unprocessed RNA segment before processing, 5′ → 3′.
Coding DNA: 5′-GCTTAGACCA-3′Vastus
RNA: 5′-GCUUAGACCA-3′Keep the coding strand’s order and replace T with U.
Kaart 15
Küsimus
This gene’s transcribed DNA segment is shown as the coding strand. Write the initial, unprocessed RNA segment before processing, 5′ → 3′.
Coding DNA: 3′-CGTTAAGC-5′Vastus
RNA: 5′-CGAAUUGC-3′Read the coding strand from its 5′ end: reverse the displayed letters, then replace T with U.
Kaart 16
Küsimus
RNA polymerase moves left to right across this transcribed segment. Which DNA strand is the template for this gene?
Top: 3′-GACTAGCA-5′ Bottom: 5′-CTGATCGT-3′Vastus
Top strand. Along the stated movement, this strand is read 3′ → 5′.
Kaart 17
Küsimus
This gene’s transcribed DNA segment is shown as the template strand. Write the initial, unprocessed RNA segment before processing, 5′ → 3′.
Template DNA: 3′-ATCCGTGA-5′Vastus
RNA: 5′-UAGGCACU-3′Complement the template in the displayed order: A → U, T → A, C → G, G → C.
Kaart 18
Küsimus
This gene’s transcribed DNA segment is shown as the template strand. Write the initial, unprocessed RNA segment before processing, 5′ → 3′.
Template DNA: 5′-TCGAATGC-3′Vastus
RNA: 5′-GCAUUCGA-3′Reverse the displayed template, then complement it: A → U, T → A, C → G, G → C.
Kaart 19
Küsimus
This initial, unprocessed RNA segment was transcribed from a gene before processing. Write the corresponding coding DNA segment 5′ → 3′.
RNA: 5′-CUAAGUGC-3′Vastus
Coding DNA: 5′-CTAAGTGC-3′Keep the RNA’s order and replace U with T.
Kaart 20
Küsimus
RNA polymerase moves right to left across this transcribed segment. Which DNA strand is the template for this gene?
Top: 3′-TACGAGGT-5′ Bottom: 5′-ATGCTCCA-3′Vastus
Bottom strand. Along the stated movement, this strand is read 3′ → 5′.
Kaart 21
Küsimus
The only evidence offered for choosing a gene’s template is that the top strand contains ATG. What is missing?
Top: 5′-ATGCTCAG-3′ Bottom: 3′-TACGAGTC-5′Vastus
Evidence of which strand is transcribed for this gene, such as RNA polymerase’s movement across the segment. ATG alone does not establish the strand’s role.
Kaart 22
Küsimus
This gene’s transcribed DNA segment is shown as the template strand. Write the initial, unprocessed RNA segment before processing, 5′ → 3′.
Template DNA: 5′-ACTGGCATG-3′Vastus
RNA: 5′-CAUGCCAGU-3′Reverse the displayed template, then complement it: A → U, T → A, C → G, G → C.
Kaart 23
Küsimus
This gene’s transcribed DNA segment is shown as the coding strand. Write the initial, unprocessed RNA segment before processing, 5′ → 3′.
Coding DNA: 5′-ACAGTTGC-3′Vastus
RNA: 5′-ACAGUUGC-3′Keep the coding strand’s order and replace T with U.
Kaart 24
Küsimus
This gene’s transcribed DNA segment is shown as the coding strand. Write the initial, unprocessed RNA segment before processing, 5′ → 3′.
Coding DNA: 3′-GACTTACGA-5′Vastus
RNA: 5′-AGCAUUCAG-3′Read the coding strand from its 5′ end: reverse the displayed letters, then replace T with U.
Kaart 25
Küsimus
RNA polymerase moves right to left across this transcribed segment. Which DNA strand is the template for this gene?
Top: 5′-TCGACAGT-3′ Bottom: 3′-AGCTGTCA-5′Vastus
Top strand. Along the stated movement, this strand is read 3′ → 5′.
Kaart 26
Küsimus
This gene’s transcribed DNA segment is shown as the template strand. Write the initial, unprocessed RNA segment before processing, 5′ → 3′.
Template DNA: 3′-TCAGGATCA-5′Vastus
RNA: 5′-AGUCCUAGU-3′Complement the template in the displayed order: A → U, T → A, C → G, G → C.
Kaart 27
Küsimus
This gene’s transcribed DNA segment is shown as the template strand. Write the initial, unprocessed RNA segment before processing, 5′ → 3′.
Template DNA: 5′-AGTCACGA-3′Vastus
RNA: 5′-UCGUGACU-3′Reverse the displayed template, then complement it: A → U, T → A, C → G, G → C.
Kaart 28
Küsimus
This gene’s transcribed DNA segment is shown as the coding strand. Correct the proposed initial, unprocessed RNA segment before processing, 5′ → 3′.
Coding DNA: 5′-GATACCGT-3′ Proposed RNA: 5′-UGCCAUAG-3′Vastus
RNA: 5′-GAUACCGU-3′The coding strand is already displayed 5′ → 3′. Replace T with U without reversing its letters.
Kaart 29
Küsimus
This gene’s transcribed DNA segment is shown as the coding strand. Write the initial, unprocessed RNA segment before processing, 5′ → 3′.
Coding DNA: 3′-TGACCTAG-5′Vastus
RNA: 5′-GAUCCAGU-3′Read the coding strand from its 5′ end: reverse the displayed letters, then replace T with U.
Kaart 30
Küsimus
This gene’s transcribed DNA segment is shown as the template strand. Write the initial, unprocessed RNA segment before processing, 5′ → 3′.
Template DNA: 3′-GATCCAGT-5′Vastus
RNA: 5′-CUAGGUCA-3′Complement the template in the displayed order: A → U, T → A, C → G, G → C.
Kaart 31
Küsimus
RNA polymerase moves right to left across this transcribed segment. Which DNA strand is the template for this gene?
Top: 5′-CTTAGCGA-3′ Bottom: 3′-GAATCGCT-5′Vastus
Top strand. Along the stated movement, this strand is read 3′ → 5′.
Kaart 32
Küsimus
This gene’s transcribed DNA segment is shown as the template strand. Correct the proposed initial, unprocessed RNA segment before processing, 5′ → 3′.
Template DNA: 5′-ACGTTCGA-3′ Proposed RNA: 5′-UGCAAGCU-3′Vastus
RNA: 5′-UCGAACGU-3′Complementing the displayed template gives RNA in the opposite direction. Reverse that complement to report the RNA 5′ → 3′.
Kaart 33
Küsimus
This gene’s transcribed DNA segment is shown as the coding strand. Write the initial, unprocessed RNA segment before processing, 5′ → 3′.
Coding DNA: 5′-TTGACGCA-3′Vastus
RNA: 5′-UUGACGCA-3′Keep the coding strand’s order and replace T with U.
Kaart 34
Küsimus
Repair this rule: “The top DNA strand in a drawing is always the coding strand.”
Vastus
Top or bottom position does not assign a strand’s role for a gene. Use the stated role, or identify the template as the strand RNA polymerase reads 3′ → 5′ along its movement.
Kaart 35
Küsimus
This gene’s transcribed DNA segment is shown as the coding strand. What additional information is needed to infer the corresponding mature mRNA segment?
Coding DNA: 5′-ACCTGAGT-3′Vastus
Which processing changes, if any, affect this segment. Coding DNA alone determines the initial RNA sequence, but it does not tell you which bases remain in mature mRNA.
Kaart 36
Küsimus
This gene’s transcribed DNA segment is shown as the template strand. Correct the proposed initial, unprocessed RNA segment before processing, keeping the answer 5′ → 3′.
Template DNA: 3′-CATGGCAT-5′ Proposed RNA: 5′-CAUGGCAU-3′Vastus
RNA: 5′-GUACCGUA-3′The proposal copied the template. Pair each RNA base with the template base instead.
Kaart 37
Küsimus
This gene’s transcribed DNA segment is shown as the template strand. Write the initial, unprocessed RNA segment before processing, 5′ → 3′.
Template DNA: 5′-GGCATCTA-3′Vastus
RNA: 5′-UAGAUGCC-3′Reverse the displayed template, then complement it: A → U, T → A, C → G, G → C.
Kaart 38
Küsimus
Repair this rule: “For a transcribed coding DNA segment already written 5′ → 3′, complement every base to get the initial RNA 5′ → 3′.”
Vastus
Keep the coding sequence’s letter order and replace T with U. The initial RNA is complementary to the template, so it matches the corresponding coding strand apart from U replacing T.
Kaart 39
Küsimus
Repair this rule: “Any DNA strand containing ATG must be the coding strand for the gene.”
Vastus
ATG alone does not identify the coding strand. You need the strand’s role for that gene or transcription-direction evidence; a short base pattern does not supply it.
Kaart 40
Küsimus
RNA polymerase moves left to right across this transcribed segment. Which DNA strand is the template for this gene?
Top: 5′-CGTAAGTC-3′ Bottom: 3′-GCATTCAG-5′Vastus
Bottom strand. Along the stated movement, this strand is read 3′ → 5′.
Kaart 41
Küsimus
A DNA segment is known to be transcribed, but its role is not given. What information is missing before you can assign one initial RNA segment?
DNA: 5′-CTGACATC-3′Vastus
Its role for this gene: coding or template. The end labels alone do not choose between copying the coding sequence and reverse-complementing the template.
Kaart 42
Küsimus
This gene’s transcribed DNA segment is shown as the coding strand. Write the initial, unprocessed RNA segment before processing, 5′ → 3′.
Coding DNA: 3′-ATGCCAGT-5′Vastus
RNA: 5′-UGACCGUA-3′Read the coding strand from its 5′ end: reverse the displayed letters, then replace T with U.
Kaart 43
Küsimus
This initial, unprocessed RNA segment was transcribed from a gene before processing. Write the corresponding template DNA segment 5′ → 3′.
RNA: 5′-AGUCAGGA-3′Vastus
Template DNA: 5′-TCCTGACT-3′The paired template is 3′-TCAGTCCT-5′. Reverse it to report the DNA 5′ → 3′.
Kaart 44
Küsimus
This gene’s transcribed DNA segment is shown as the coding strand. Correct the proposed initial, unprocessed RNA segment before processing, 5′ → 3′.
Coding DNA: 5′-TGCAAGCT-3′ Proposed RNA: 5′-TGCAAGCT-3′Vastus
RNA: 5′-UGCAAGCU-3′Keep the coding strand’s order and replace both T bases with U.
Kaart 45
Küsimus
The shown coding DNA segment is transcribed for this gene. What is missing before you can write one initial, unprocessed RNA segment 5′ → 3′?
Coding DNA: GCATACCGVastus
The displayed direction: which end is 5′ and which is 3′. Without it, the letter order of the RNA written 5′ → 3′ is ambiguous.
Kaart 46
Küsimus
RNA polymerase moves left to right across this transcribed segment. Which DNA strand is the template for this gene?
Top: 5′-CAGTCGAT-3′ Bottom: 3′-GTCAGCTA-5′Vastus
Bottom strand. Along the stated movement, this strand is read 3′ → 5′.
46 kaarti
Coding vs Template Strand Flashcards: Transcription Practice
Nibomo avaneb, et saaksid õppimist alustada.