Coding vs Template Strand Flashcards: Transcription Practice
Practice 46 original English cards on coding and template DNA strands: four RNA-conversion cases, strand choice, two reverse mappings, repairs, and evidence limits.
Um þennan stokk
Practice coding vs template strand decisions with 46 original English flashcards for introductory biology. Each sequence exercise states the strand’s role for a gene and labels its 5′ and 3′ ends. Report the initial, unprocessed RNA segment before processing, written 5′ → 3′.
The deck includes 20 DNA-to-RNA exercises: five coding strands displayed 5′ → 3′, five coding strands displayed 3′ → 5′, five template strands displayed 3′ → 5′, and five template strands displayed 5′ → 3′. Eight complementary two-strand displays ask which strand is the template from RNA polymerase’s stated movement, with four cases in each movement direction. Two reverse exercises start from an initial RNA segment and request its corresponding coding or template DNA segment, both explicitly written 5′ → 3′. Eight repairs address wrong rules or proposed answers, and four evidence checks identify missing role, orientation, processing information, or transcription evidence.
Four foundation cards introduce the template role, RNA synthesis direction, antiparallel alignment, and RNA alphabet. The fixed order starts with the basic coding and template cases, then mixes orientations, strand choices, repairs, reverse mappings, and limits. Repeated conversion-operation families are separated by at least three intervening cards, including related repairs and reverse mappings. The review scheduler handles later spacing. Answers give the result first and a short reason; every card carries the transcription-strands tag.
All short base sequences are invented practice segments, not identified genes. Mature-mRNA prediction is excluded because processing information is not supplied; one card asks you to recognize that limit. Translation, codon tables, reading frames, mutations, promoter inference, species-specific mechanisms, and complete-course or exam alignment are outside the scope. Additional reverse-orientation permutations and arbitrary sequence-generation prompts are omitted to keep the retrieval tasks focused. For a longer explanation, read the coding vs template strand lesson.
The questions, answers, artificial sequences, organization, and metadata were written independently with AI assistance and checked against common reference facts. Factual references are NHGRI’s Finding Genes and RNA fact sheet. No competitor cards, textbook examples, examination questions, source prose, diagrams, or logos were copied. Reference materials retain their own rights; facts are not claimed as proprietary.
Original material, including the AI-generated decorative cover, is dedicated under CC0 1.0 to the extent applicable rights exist. The cover is an abstract illustration, not a molecular diagram. This is independent study material; NHGRI and other institutions do not endorse it.
Spjöld í þessum stokki
Spjald 1
Spurning
For a gene, which DNA strand does RNA polymerase use as its base-pairing guide?
Svar
The template strand. Its bases determine the complementary RNA bases.
Spjald 2
Spurning
In which direction does RNA polymerase build a new RNA strand?
Svar
5′ → 3′. New nucleotides are added at the growing RNA strand’s 3′ end.
Spjald 3
Spurning
How do the directions of an RNA segment and its paired DNA template align?
Svar
They are antiparallel: an RNA segment runs 5′ → 3′ alongside a template segment running 3′ → 5′.
Spjald 4
Spurning
Which four base letters belong in an ordinary RNA sequence?
Svar
A, U, C, and G. RNA uses U (uracil) where the corresponding coding DNA has T (thymine).
Spjald 5
Spurning
This gene’s transcribed DNA segment is shown as the coding strand. Write the initial, unprocessed RNA segment before processing, 5′ → 3′.
Coding DNA: 5′-GTACCTGA-3′Svar
RNA: 5′-GUACCUGA-3′Keep the coding strand’s order and replace T with U.
Spjald 6
Spurning
This gene’s transcribed DNA segment is shown as the template strand. Write the initial, unprocessed RNA segment before processing, 5′ → 3′.
Template DNA: 3′-CAGTTCGA-5′Svar
RNA: 5′-GUCAAGCU-3′Complement the template in the displayed order: A → U, T → A, C → G, G → C.
Spjald 7
Spurning
RNA polymerase moves left to right across this transcribed segment. Which DNA strand is the template for this gene?
Top: 3′-AGCTCAGG-5′ Bottom: 5′-TCGAGTCC-3′Svar
Top strand. Along the stated movement, this strand is read 3′ → 5′.
Spjald 8
Spurning
This gene’s transcribed DNA segment is shown as the template strand. Write the initial, unprocessed RNA segment before processing, 5′ → 3′.
Template DNA: 5′-TGCAGATCCA-3′Svar
RNA: 5′-UGGAUCUGCA-3′Reverse the displayed template, then complement it: A → U, T → A, C → G, G → C.
Spjald 9
Spurning
This gene’s transcribed DNA segment is shown as the coding strand. Write the initial, unprocessed RNA segment before processing, 5′ → 3′.
Coding DNA: 5′-CAGTACGTT-3′Svar
RNA: 5′-CAGUACGUU-3′Keep the coding strand’s order and replace T with U.
Spjald 10
Spurning
This gene’s transcribed DNA segment is shown as the coding strand. Write the initial, unprocessed RNA segment before processing, 5′ → 3′.
Coding DNA: 3′-CTAGACCTGA-5′Svar
RNA: 5′-AGUCCAGAUC-3′Read the coding strand from its 5′ end: reverse the displayed letters, then replace T with U.
Spjald 11
Spurning
RNA polymerase moves right to left across this transcribed segment. Which DNA strand is the template for this gene?
Top: 3′-ATCGGTCA-5′ Bottom: 5′-TAGCCAGT-3′Svar
Bottom strand. Along the stated movement, this strand is read 3′ → 5′.
Spjald 12
Spurning
This gene’s transcribed DNA segment is shown as the template strand. Write the initial, unprocessed RNA segment before processing, 5′ → 3′.
Template DNA: 3′-GCTACCATGT-5′Svar
RNA: 5′-CGAUGGUACA-3′Complement the template in the displayed order: A → U, T → A, C → G, G → C.
Spjald 13
Spurning
This gene’s transcribed DNA segment is shown as the template strand. The proposal complements its displayed bases, then changes the end labels without reversing the letters. Correct the initial, unprocessed RNA segment before processing, 5′ → 3′.
Template DNA: 5′-CGATTCAG-3′ Proposed RNA: 5′-GCUAAGUC-3′Svar
RNA: 5′-CUGAAUCG-3′The complement in displayed order runs 3′ → 5′. Reverse its letters as well as its end labels to report it 5′ → 3′.
Spjald 14
Spurning
This gene’s transcribed DNA segment is shown as the coding strand. Write the initial, unprocessed RNA segment before processing, 5′ → 3′.
Coding DNA: 5′-GCTTAGACCA-3′Svar
RNA: 5′-GCUUAGACCA-3′Keep the coding strand’s order and replace T with U.
Spjald 15
Spurning
This gene’s transcribed DNA segment is shown as the coding strand. Write the initial, unprocessed RNA segment before processing, 5′ → 3′.
Coding DNA: 3′-CGTTAAGC-5′Svar
RNA: 5′-CGAAUUGC-3′Read the coding strand from its 5′ end: reverse the displayed letters, then replace T with U.
Spjald 16
Spurning
RNA polymerase moves left to right across this transcribed segment. Which DNA strand is the template for this gene?
Top: 3′-GACTAGCA-5′ Bottom: 5′-CTGATCGT-3′Svar
Top strand. Along the stated movement, this strand is read 3′ → 5′.
Spjald 17
Spurning
This gene’s transcribed DNA segment is shown as the template strand. Write the initial, unprocessed RNA segment before processing, 5′ → 3′.
Template DNA: 3′-ATCCGTGA-5′Svar
RNA: 5′-UAGGCACU-3′Complement the template in the displayed order: A → U, T → A, C → G, G → C.
Spjald 18
Spurning
This gene’s transcribed DNA segment is shown as the template strand. Write the initial, unprocessed RNA segment before processing, 5′ → 3′.
Template DNA: 5′-TCGAATGC-3′Svar
RNA: 5′-GCAUUCGA-3′Reverse the displayed template, then complement it: A → U, T → A, C → G, G → C.
Spjald 19
Spurning
This initial, unprocessed RNA segment was transcribed from a gene before processing. Write the corresponding coding DNA segment 5′ → 3′.
RNA: 5′-CUAAGUGC-3′Svar
Coding DNA: 5′-CTAAGTGC-3′Keep the RNA’s order and replace U with T.
Spjald 20
Spurning
RNA polymerase moves right to left across this transcribed segment. Which DNA strand is the template for this gene?
Top: 3′-TACGAGGT-5′ Bottom: 5′-ATGCTCCA-3′Svar
Bottom strand. Along the stated movement, this strand is read 3′ → 5′.
Spjald 21
Spurning
The only evidence offered for choosing a gene’s template is that the top strand contains ATG. What is missing?
Top: 5′-ATGCTCAG-3′ Bottom: 3′-TACGAGTC-5′Svar
Evidence of which strand is transcribed for this gene, such as RNA polymerase’s movement across the segment. ATG alone does not establish the strand’s role.
Spjald 22
Spurning
This gene’s transcribed DNA segment is shown as the template strand. Write the initial, unprocessed RNA segment before processing, 5′ → 3′.
Template DNA: 5′-ACTGGCATG-3′Svar
RNA: 5′-CAUGCCAGU-3′Reverse the displayed template, then complement it: A → U, T → A, C → G, G → C.
Spjald 23
Spurning
This gene’s transcribed DNA segment is shown as the coding strand. Write the initial, unprocessed RNA segment before processing, 5′ → 3′.
Coding DNA: 5′-ACAGTTGC-3′Svar
RNA: 5′-ACAGUUGC-3′Keep the coding strand’s order and replace T with U.
Spjald 24
Spurning
This gene’s transcribed DNA segment is shown as the coding strand. Write the initial, unprocessed RNA segment before processing, 5′ → 3′.
Coding DNA: 3′-GACTTACGA-5′Svar
RNA: 5′-AGCAUUCAG-3′Read the coding strand from its 5′ end: reverse the displayed letters, then replace T with U.
Spjald 25
Spurning
RNA polymerase moves right to left across this transcribed segment. Which DNA strand is the template for this gene?
Top: 5′-TCGACAGT-3′ Bottom: 3′-AGCTGTCA-5′Svar
Top strand. Along the stated movement, this strand is read 3′ → 5′.
Spjald 26
Spurning
This gene’s transcribed DNA segment is shown as the template strand. Write the initial, unprocessed RNA segment before processing, 5′ → 3′.
Template DNA: 3′-TCAGGATCA-5′Svar
RNA: 5′-AGUCCUAGU-3′Complement the template in the displayed order: A → U, T → A, C → G, G → C.
Spjald 27
Spurning
This gene’s transcribed DNA segment is shown as the template strand. Write the initial, unprocessed RNA segment before processing, 5′ → 3′.
Template DNA: 5′-AGTCACGA-3′Svar
RNA: 5′-UCGUGACU-3′Reverse the displayed template, then complement it: A → U, T → A, C → G, G → C.
Spjald 28
Spurning
This gene’s transcribed DNA segment is shown as the coding strand. Correct the proposed initial, unprocessed RNA segment before processing, 5′ → 3′.
Coding DNA: 5′-GATACCGT-3′ Proposed RNA: 5′-UGCCAUAG-3′Svar
RNA: 5′-GAUACCGU-3′The coding strand is already displayed 5′ → 3′. Replace T with U without reversing its letters.
Spjald 29
Spurning
This gene’s transcribed DNA segment is shown as the coding strand. Write the initial, unprocessed RNA segment before processing, 5′ → 3′.
Coding DNA: 3′-TGACCTAG-5′Svar
RNA: 5′-GAUCCAGU-3′Read the coding strand from its 5′ end: reverse the displayed letters, then replace T with U.
Spjald 30
Spurning
This gene’s transcribed DNA segment is shown as the template strand. Write the initial, unprocessed RNA segment before processing, 5′ → 3′.
Template DNA: 3′-GATCCAGT-5′Svar
RNA: 5′-CUAGGUCA-3′Complement the template in the displayed order: A → U, T → A, C → G, G → C.
Spjald 31
Spurning
RNA polymerase moves right to left across this transcribed segment. Which DNA strand is the template for this gene?
Top: 5′-CTTAGCGA-3′ Bottom: 3′-GAATCGCT-5′Svar
Top strand. Along the stated movement, this strand is read 3′ → 5′.
Spjald 32
Spurning
This gene’s transcribed DNA segment is shown as the template strand. Correct the proposed initial, unprocessed RNA segment before processing, 5′ → 3′.
Template DNA: 5′-ACGTTCGA-3′ Proposed RNA: 5′-UGCAAGCU-3′Svar
RNA: 5′-UCGAACGU-3′Complementing the displayed template gives RNA in the opposite direction. Reverse that complement to report the RNA 5′ → 3′.
Spjald 33
Spurning
This gene’s transcribed DNA segment is shown as the coding strand. Write the initial, unprocessed RNA segment before processing, 5′ → 3′.
Coding DNA: 5′-TTGACGCA-3′Svar
RNA: 5′-UUGACGCA-3′Keep the coding strand’s order and replace T with U.
Spjald 34
Spurning
Repair this rule: “The top DNA strand in a drawing is always the coding strand.”
Svar
Top or bottom position does not assign a strand’s role for a gene. Use the stated role, or identify the template as the strand RNA polymerase reads 3′ → 5′ along its movement.
Spjald 35
Spurning
This gene’s transcribed DNA segment is shown as the coding strand. What additional information is needed to infer the corresponding mature mRNA segment?
Coding DNA: 5′-ACCTGAGT-3′Svar
Which processing changes, if any, affect this segment. Coding DNA alone determines the initial RNA sequence, but it does not tell you which bases remain in mature mRNA.
Spjald 36
Spurning
This gene’s transcribed DNA segment is shown as the template strand. Correct the proposed initial, unprocessed RNA segment before processing, keeping the answer 5′ → 3′.
Template DNA: 3′-CATGGCAT-5′ Proposed RNA: 5′-CAUGGCAU-3′Svar
RNA: 5′-GUACCGUA-3′The proposal copied the template. Pair each RNA base with the template base instead.
Spjald 37
Spurning
This gene’s transcribed DNA segment is shown as the template strand. Write the initial, unprocessed RNA segment before processing, 5′ → 3′.
Template DNA: 5′-GGCATCTA-3′Svar
RNA: 5′-UAGAUGCC-3′Reverse the displayed template, then complement it: A → U, T → A, C → G, G → C.
Spjald 38
Spurning
Repair this rule: “For a transcribed coding DNA segment already written 5′ → 3′, complement every base to get the initial RNA 5′ → 3′.”
Svar
Keep the coding sequence’s letter order and replace T with U. The initial RNA is complementary to the template, so it matches the corresponding coding strand apart from U replacing T.
Spjald 39
Spurning
Repair this rule: “Any DNA strand containing ATG must be the coding strand for the gene.”
Svar
ATG alone does not identify the coding strand. You need the strand’s role for that gene or transcription-direction evidence; a short base pattern does not supply it.
Spjald 40
Spurning
RNA polymerase moves left to right across this transcribed segment. Which DNA strand is the template for this gene?
Top: 5′-CGTAAGTC-3′ Bottom: 3′-GCATTCAG-5′Svar
Bottom strand. Along the stated movement, this strand is read 3′ → 5′.
Spjald 41
Spurning
A DNA segment is known to be transcribed, but its role is not given. What information is missing before you can assign one initial RNA segment?
DNA: 5′-CTGACATC-3′Svar
Its role for this gene: coding or template. The end labels alone do not choose between copying the coding sequence and reverse-complementing the template.
Spjald 42
Spurning
This gene’s transcribed DNA segment is shown as the coding strand. Write the initial, unprocessed RNA segment before processing, 5′ → 3′.
Coding DNA: 3′-ATGCCAGT-5′Svar
RNA: 5′-UGACCGUA-3′Read the coding strand from its 5′ end: reverse the displayed letters, then replace T with U.
Spjald 43
Spurning
This initial, unprocessed RNA segment was transcribed from a gene before processing. Write the corresponding template DNA segment 5′ → 3′.
RNA: 5′-AGUCAGGA-3′Svar
Template DNA: 5′-TCCTGACT-3′The paired template is 3′-TCAGTCCT-5′. Reverse it to report the DNA 5′ → 3′.
Spjald 44
Spurning
This gene’s transcribed DNA segment is shown as the coding strand. Correct the proposed initial, unprocessed RNA segment before processing, 5′ → 3′.
Coding DNA: 5′-TGCAAGCT-3′ Proposed RNA: 5′-TGCAAGCT-3′Svar
RNA: 5′-UGCAAGCU-3′Keep the coding strand’s order and replace both T bases with U.
Spjald 45
Spurning
The shown coding DNA segment is transcribed for this gene. What is missing before you can write one initial, unprocessed RNA segment 5′ → 3′?
Coding DNA: GCATACCGSvar
The displayed direction: which end is 5′ and which is 3′. Without it, the letter order of the RNA written 5′ → 3′ is ambiguous.
Spjald 46
Spurning
RNA polymerase moves left to right across this transcribed segment. Which DNA strand is the template for this gene?
Top: 5′-CAGTCGAT-3′ Bottom: 3′-GTCAGCTA-5′Svar
Bottom strand. Along the stated movement, this strand is read 3′ → 5′.
46 spjöld
Coding vs Template Strand Flashcards: Transcription Practice
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