Coding vs Template Strand Flashcards: Transcription Practice

Question 1

For a gene, which DNA strand does RNA polymerase use as its base-pairing guide?

Accepted Answer

The template strand. Its bases determine the complementary RNA bases.

Question 2

In which direction does RNA polymerase build a new RNA strand?

Accepted Answer

5′ → 3′. New nucleotides are added at the growing RNA strand’s 3′ end.

Question 3

How do the directions of an RNA segment and its paired DNA template align?

Accepted Answer

They are antiparallel: an RNA segment runs 5′ → 3′ alongside a template segment running 3′ → 5′.

Question 4

Which four base letters belong in an ordinary RNA sequence?

Accepted Answer

A, U, C, and G. RNA uses U (uracil) where the corresponding coding DNA has T (thymine).

Question 5

This gene’s transcribed DNA segment is shown as the coding strand. Write the initial, unprocessed RNA segment before processing, 5′ → 3′.

Coding DNA: 5′-GTACCTGA-3′

Accepted Answer

RNA: 5′-GUACCUGA-3′

Keep the coding strand’s order and replace T with U.

Question 6

This gene’s transcribed DNA segment is shown as the template strand. Write the initial, unprocessed RNA segment before processing, 5′ → 3′.

Template DNA: 3′-CAGTTCGA-5′

Accepted Answer

RNA: 5′-GUCAAGCU-3′

Complement the template in the displayed order: A → U, T → A, C → G, G → C.

Question 7

RNA polymerase moves left to right across this transcribed segment. Which DNA strand is the template for this gene?

Top:    3′-AGCTCAGG-5′
Bottom: 5′-TCGAGTCC-3′

Accepted Answer

Top strand. Along the stated movement, this strand is read 3′ → 5′.

Question 8

This gene’s transcribed DNA segment is shown as the template strand. Write the initial, unprocessed RNA segment before processing, 5′ → 3′.

Template DNA: 5′-TGCAGATCCA-3′

Accepted Answer

RNA: 5′-UGGAUCUGCA-3′

Reverse the displayed template, then complement it: A → U, T → A, C → G, G → C.

Question 9

This gene’s transcribed DNA segment is shown as the coding strand. Write the initial, unprocessed RNA segment before processing, 5′ → 3′.

Coding DNA: 5′-CAGTACGTT-3′

Accepted Answer

RNA: 5′-CAGUACGUU-3′

Keep the coding strand’s order and replace T with U.

Question 10

This gene’s transcribed DNA segment is shown as the coding strand. Write the initial, unprocessed RNA segment before processing, 5′ → 3′.

Coding DNA: 3′-CTAGACCTGA-5′

Accepted Answer

RNA: 5′-AGUCCAGAUC-3′

Read the coding strand from its 5′ end: reverse the displayed letters, then replace T with U.

Question 11

RNA polymerase moves right to left across this transcribed segment. Which DNA strand is the template for this gene?

Top:    3′-ATCGGTCA-5′
Bottom: 5′-TAGCCAGT-3′

Accepted Answer

Bottom strand. Along the stated movement, this strand is read 3′ → 5′.

Question 12

This gene’s transcribed DNA segment is shown as the template strand. Write the initial, unprocessed RNA segment before processing, 5′ → 3′.

Template DNA: 3′-GCTACCATGT-5′

Accepted Answer

RNA: 5′-CGAUGGUACA-3′

Complement the template in the displayed order: A → U, T → A, C → G, G → C.

Question 13

This gene’s transcribed DNA segment is shown as the template strand. The proposal complements its displayed bases, then changes the end labels without reversing the letters. Correct the initial, unprocessed RNA segment before processing, 5′ → 3′.

Template DNA: 5′-CGATTCAG-3′
Proposed RNA: 5′-GCUAAGUC-3′

Accepted Answer

RNA: 5′-CUGAAUCG-3′

The complement in displayed order runs 3′ → 5′. Reverse its letters as well as its end labels to report it 5′ → 3′.

Question 14

This gene’s transcribed DNA segment is shown as the coding strand. Write the initial, unprocessed RNA segment before processing, 5′ → 3′.

Coding DNA: 5′-GCTTAGACCA-3′

Accepted Answer

RNA: 5′-GCUUAGACCA-3′

Keep the coding strand’s order and replace T with U.

Question 15

This gene’s transcribed DNA segment is shown as the coding strand. Write the initial, unprocessed RNA segment before processing, 5′ → 3′.

Coding DNA: 3′-CGTTAAGC-5′

Accepted Answer

RNA: 5′-CGAAUUGC-3′

Read the coding strand from its 5′ end: reverse the displayed letters, then replace T with U.

Question 16

RNA polymerase moves left to right across this transcribed segment. Which DNA strand is the template for this gene?

Top:    3′-GACTAGCA-5′
Bottom: 5′-CTGATCGT-3′

Accepted Answer

Top strand. Along the stated movement, this strand is read 3′ → 5′.

Question 17

This gene’s transcribed DNA segment is shown as the template strand. Write the initial, unprocessed RNA segment before processing, 5′ → 3′.

Template DNA: 3′-ATCCGTGA-5′

Accepted Answer

RNA: 5′-UAGGCACU-3′

Complement the template in the displayed order: A → U, T → A, C → G, G → C.

Question 18

This gene’s transcribed DNA segment is shown as the template strand. Write the initial, unprocessed RNA segment before processing, 5′ → 3′.

Template DNA: 5′-TCGAATGC-3′

Accepted Answer

RNA: 5′-GCAUUCGA-3′

Reverse the displayed template, then complement it: A → U, T → A, C → G, G → C.

Question 19

This initial, unprocessed RNA segment was transcribed from a gene before processing. Write the corresponding coding DNA segment 5′ → 3′.

RNA: 5′-CUAAGUGC-3′

Accepted Answer

Coding DNA: 5′-CTAAGTGC-3′

Keep the RNA’s order and replace U with T.

Question 20

RNA polymerase moves right to left across this transcribed segment. Which DNA strand is the template for this gene?

Top:    3′-TACGAGGT-5′
Bottom: 5′-ATGCTCCA-3′

Accepted Answer

Bottom strand. Along the stated movement, this strand is read 3′ → 5′.

Question 21

The only evidence offered for choosing a gene’s template is that the top strand contains ATG. What is missing?

Top:    5′-ATGCTCAG-3′
Bottom: 3′-TACGAGTC-5′

Accepted Answer

Evidence of which strand is transcribed for this gene, such as RNA polymerase’s movement across the segment. ATG alone does not establish the strand’s role.

Question 22

This gene’s transcribed DNA segment is shown as the template strand. Write the initial, unprocessed RNA segment before processing, 5′ → 3′.

Template DNA: 5′-ACTGGCATG-3′

Accepted Answer

RNA: 5′-CAUGCCAGU-3′

Reverse the displayed template, then complement it: A → U, T → A, C → G, G → C.

Question 23

This gene’s transcribed DNA segment is shown as the coding strand. Write the initial, unprocessed RNA segment before processing, 5′ → 3′.

Coding DNA: 5′-ACAGTTGC-3′

Accepted Answer

RNA: 5′-ACAGUUGC-3′

Keep the coding strand’s order and replace T with U.

Question 24

This gene’s transcribed DNA segment is shown as the coding strand. Write the initial, unprocessed RNA segment before processing, 5′ → 3′.

Coding DNA: 3′-GACTTACGA-5′

Accepted Answer

RNA: 5′-AGCAUUCAG-3′

Read the coding strand from its 5′ end: reverse the displayed letters, then replace T with U.

Question 25

RNA polymerase moves right to left across this transcribed segment. Which DNA strand is the template for this gene?

Top:    5′-TCGACAGT-3′
Bottom: 3′-AGCTGTCA-5′

Accepted Answer

Top strand. Along the stated movement, this strand is read 3′ → 5′.

Question 26

This gene’s transcribed DNA segment is shown as the template strand. Write the initial, unprocessed RNA segment before processing, 5′ → 3′.

Template DNA: 3′-TCAGGATCA-5′

Accepted Answer

RNA: 5′-AGUCCUAGU-3′

Complement the template in the displayed order: A → U, T → A, C → G, G → C.

Question 27

This gene’s transcribed DNA segment is shown as the template strand. Write the initial, unprocessed RNA segment before processing, 5′ → 3′.

Template DNA: 5′-AGTCACGA-3′

Accepted Answer

RNA: 5′-UCGUGACU-3′

Reverse the displayed template, then complement it: A → U, T → A, C → G, G → C.

Question 28

This gene’s transcribed DNA segment is shown as the coding strand. Correct the proposed initial, unprocessed RNA segment before processing, 5′ → 3′.

Coding DNA: 5′-GATACCGT-3′
Proposed RNA: 5′-UGCCAUAG-3′

Accepted Answer

RNA: 5′-GAUACCGU-3′

The coding strand is already displayed 5′ → 3′. Replace T with U without reversing its letters.

Question 29

This gene’s transcribed DNA segment is shown as the coding strand. Write the initial, unprocessed RNA segment before processing, 5′ → 3′.

Coding DNA: 3′-TGACCTAG-5′

Accepted Answer

RNA: 5′-GAUCCAGU-3′

Read the coding strand from its 5′ end: reverse the displayed letters, then replace T with U.

Question 30

This gene’s transcribed DNA segment is shown as the template strand. Write the initial, unprocessed RNA segment before processing, 5′ → 3′.

Template DNA: 3′-GATCCAGT-5′

Accepted Answer

RNA: 5′-CUAGGUCA-3′

Complement the template in the displayed order: A → U, T → A, C → G, G → C.

Question 31

RNA polymerase moves right to left across this transcribed segment. Which DNA strand is the template for this gene?

Top:    5′-CTTAGCGA-3′
Bottom: 3′-GAATCGCT-5′

Accepted Answer

Top strand. Along the stated movement, this strand is read 3′ → 5′.

Question 32

This gene’s transcribed DNA segment is shown as the template strand. Correct the proposed initial, unprocessed RNA segment before processing, 5′ → 3′.

Template DNA: 5′-ACGTTCGA-3′
Proposed RNA: 5′-UGCAAGCU-3′

Accepted Answer

RNA: 5′-UCGAACGU-3′

Complementing the displayed template gives RNA in the opposite direction. Reverse that complement to report the RNA 5′ → 3′.

Question 33

This gene’s transcribed DNA segment is shown as the coding strand. Write the initial, unprocessed RNA segment before processing, 5′ → 3′.

Coding DNA: 5′-TTGACGCA-3′

Accepted Answer

RNA: 5′-UUGACGCA-3′

Keep the coding strand’s order and replace T with U.

Question 34

Repair this rule: “The top DNA strand in a drawing is always the coding strand.”

Accepted Answer

Top or bottom position does not assign a strand’s role for a gene. Use the stated role, or identify the template as the strand RNA polymerase reads 3′ → 5′ along its movement.

Question 35

This gene’s transcribed DNA segment is shown as the coding strand. What additional information is needed to infer the corresponding mature mRNA segment?

Coding DNA: 5′-ACCTGAGT-3′

Accepted Answer

Which processing changes, if any, affect this segment. Coding DNA alone determines the initial RNA sequence, but it does not tell you which bases remain in mature mRNA.

Question 36

This gene’s transcribed DNA segment is shown as the template strand. Correct the proposed initial, unprocessed RNA segment before processing, keeping the answer 5′ → 3′.

Template DNA: 3′-CATGGCAT-5′
Proposed RNA: 5′-CAUGGCAU-3′

Accepted Answer

RNA: 5′-GUACCGUA-3′

The proposal copied the template. Pair each RNA base with the template base instead.

Question 37

This gene’s transcribed DNA segment is shown as the template strand. Write the initial, unprocessed RNA segment before processing, 5′ → 3′.

Template DNA: 5′-GGCATCTA-3′

Accepted Answer

RNA: 5′-UAGAUGCC-3′

Reverse the displayed template, then complement it: A → U, T → A, C → G, G → C.

Question 38

Repair this rule: “For a transcribed coding DNA segment already written 5′ → 3′, complement every base to get the initial RNA 5′ → 3′.”

Accepted Answer

Keep the coding sequence’s letter order and replace T with U. The initial RNA is complementary to the template, so it matches the corresponding coding strand apart from U replacing T.

Question 39

Repair this rule: “Any DNA strand containing ATG must be the coding strand for the gene.”

Accepted Answer

ATG alone does not identify the coding strand. You need the strand’s role for that gene or transcription-direction evidence; a short base pattern does not supply it.

Question 40

RNA polymerase moves left to right across this transcribed segment. Which DNA strand is the template for this gene?

Top:    5′-CGTAAGTC-3′
Bottom: 3′-GCATTCAG-5′

Accepted Answer

Bottom strand. Along the stated movement, this strand is read 3′ → 5′.

Question 41

A DNA segment is known to be transcribed, but its role is not given. What information is missing before you can assign one initial RNA segment?

DNA: 5′-CTGACATC-3′

Accepted Answer

Its role for this gene: coding or template. The end labels alone do not choose between copying the coding sequence and reverse-complementing the template.

Question 42

This gene’s transcribed DNA segment is shown as the coding strand. Write the initial, unprocessed RNA segment before processing, 5′ → 3′.

Coding DNA: 3′-ATGCCAGT-5′

Accepted Answer

RNA: 5′-UGACCGUA-3′

Read the coding strand from its 5′ end: reverse the displayed letters, then replace T with U.

Question 43

This initial, unprocessed RNA segment was transcribed from a gene before processing. Write the corresponding template DNA segment 5′ → 3′.

RNA: 5′-AGUCAGGA-3′

Accepted Answer

Template DNA: 5′-TCCTGACT-3′

The paired template is 3′-TCAGTCCT-5′. Reverse it to report the DNA 5′ → 3′.

Question 44

This gene’s transcribed DNA segment is shown as the coding strand. Correct the proposed initial, unprocessed RNA segment before processing, 5′ → 3′.

Coding DNA: 5′-TGCAAGCT-3′
Proposed RNA: 5′-TGCAAGCT-3′

Accepted Answer

RNA: 5′-UGCAAGCU-3′

Keep the coding strand’s order and replace both T bases with U.

Question 45

The shown coding DNA segment is transcribed for this gene. What is missing before you can write one initial, unprocessed RNA segment 5′ → 3′?

Coding DNA: GCATACCG

Accepted Answer

The displayed direction: which end is 5′ and which is 3′. Without it, the letter order of the RNA written 5′ → 3′ is ambiguous.

Question 46

RNA polymerase moves left to right across this transcribed segment. Which DNA strand is the template for this gene?

Top:    5′-CAGTCGAT-3′
Bottom: 3′-GTCAGCTA-5′

Accepted Answer

Bottom strand. Along the stated movement, this strand is read 3′ → 5′.

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Coding vs Template Strand Flashcards: Transcription Practice