Coding vs Template Strand Flashcards: Transcription Practice
Practice 46 original English cards on coding and template DNA strands: four RNA-conversion cases, strand choice, two reverse mappings, repairs, and evidence limits.
Informazioni su questo mazzo
Practice coding vs template strand decisions with 46 original English flashcards for introductory biology. Each sequence exercise states the strand’s role for a gene and labels its 5′ and 3′ ends. Report the initial, unprocessed RNA segment before processing, written 5′ → 3′.
The deck includes 20 DNA-to-RNA exercises: five coding strands displayed 5′ → 3′, five coding strands displayed 3′ → 5′, five template strands displayed 3′ → 5′, and five template strands displayed 5′ → 3′. Eight complementary two-strand displays ask which strand is the template from RNA polymerase’s stated movement, with four cases in each movement direction. Two reverse exercises start from an initial RNA segment and request its corresponding coding or template DNA segment, both explicitly written 5′ → 3′. Eight repairs address wrong rules or proposed answers, and four evidence checks identify missing role, orientation, processing information, or transcription evidence.
Four foundation cards introduce the template role, RNA synthesis direction, antiparallel alignment, and RNA alphabet. The fixed order starts with the basic coding and template cases, then mixes orientations, strand choices, repairs, reverse mappings, and limits. Repeated conversion-operation families are separated by at least three intervening cards, including related repairs and reverse mappings. The review scheduler handles later spacing. Answers give the result first and a short reason; every card carries the transcription-strands tag.
All short base sequences are invented practice segments, not identified genes. Mature-mRNA prediction is excluded because processing information is not supplied; one card asks you to recognize that limit. Translation, codon tables, reading frames, mutations, promoter inference, species-specific mechanisms, and complete-course or exam alignment are outside the scope. Additional reverse-orientation permutations and arbitrary sequence-generation prompts are omitted to keep the retrieval tasks focused. For a longer explanation, read the coding vs template strand lesson.
The questions, answers, artificial sequences, organization, and metadata were written independently with AI assistance and checked against common reference facts. Factual references are NHGRI’s Finding Genes and RNA fact sheet. No competitor cards, textbook examples, examination questions, source prose, diagrams, or logos were copied. Reference materials retain their own rights; facts are not claimed as proprietary.
Original material, including the AI-generated decorative cover, is dedicated under CC0 1.0 to the extent applicable rights exist. The cover is an abstract illustration, not a molecular diagram. This is independent study material; NHGRI and other institutions do not endorse it.
Carte in questo mazzo
Carta 1
Domanda
For a gene, which DNA strand does RNA polymerase use as its base-pairing guide?
Risposta
The template strand. Its bases determine the complementary RNA bases.
Carta 2
Domanda
In which direction does RNA polymerase build a new RNA strand?
Risposta
5′ → 3′. New nucleotides are added at the growing RNA strand’s 3′ end.
Carta 3
Domanda
How do the directions of an RNA segment and its paired DNA template align?
Risposta
They are antiparallel: an RNA segment runs 5′ → 3′ alongside a template segment running 3′ → 5′.
Carta 4
Domanda
Which four base letters belong in an ordinary RNA sequence?
Risposta
A, U, C, and G. RNA uses U (uracil) where the corresponding coding DNA has T (thymine).
Carta 5
Domanda
This gene’s transcribed DNA segment is shown as the coding strand. Write the initial, unprocessed RNA segment before processing, 5′ → 3′.
Coding DNA: 5′-GTACCTGA-3′Risposta
RNA: 5′-GUACCUGA-3′Keep the coding strand’s order and replace T with U.
Carta 6
Domanda
This gene’s transcribed DNA segment is shown as the template strand. Write the initial, unprocessed RNA segment before processing, 5′ → 3′.
Template DNA: 3′-CAGTTCGA-5′Risposta
RNA: 5′-GUCAAGCU-3′Complement the template in the displayed order: A → U, T → A, C → G, G → C.
Carta 7
Domanda
RNA polymerase moves left to right across this transcribed segment. Which DNA strand is the template for this gene?
Top: 3′-AGCTCAGG-5′ Bottom: 5′-TCGAGTCC-3′Risposta
Top strand. Along the stated movement, this strand is read 3′ → 5′.
Carta 8
Domanda
This gene’s transcribed DNA segment is shown as the template strand. Write the initial, unprocessed RNA segment before processing, 5′ → 3′.
Template DNA: 5′-TGCAGATCCA-3′Risposta
RNA: 5′-UGGAUCUGCA-3′Reverse the displayed template, then complement it: A → U, T → A, C → G, G → C.
Carta 9
Domanda
This gene’s transcribed DNA segment is shown as the coding strand. Write the initial, unprocessed RNA segment before processing, 5′ → 3′.
Coding DNA: 5′-CAGTACGTT-3′Risposta
RNA: 5′-CAGUACGUU-3′Keep the coding strand’s order and replace T with U.
Carta 10
Domanda
This gene’s transcribed DNA segment is shown as the coding strand. Write the initial, unprocessed RNA segment before processing, 5′ → 3′.
Coding DNA: 3′-CTAGACCTGA-5′Risposta
RNA: 5′-AGUCCAGAUC-3′Read the coding strand from its 5′ end: reverse the displayed letters, then replace T with U.
Carta 11
Domanda
RNA polymerase moves right to left across this transcribed segment. Which DNA strand is the template for this gene?
Top: 3′-ATCGGTCA-5′ Bottom: 5′-TAGCCAGT-3′Risposta
Bottom strand. Along the stated movement, this strand is read 3′ → 5′.
Carta 12
Domanda
This gene’s transcribed DNA segment is shown as the template strand. Write the initial, unprocessed RNA segment before processing, 5′ → 3′.
Template DNA: 3′-GCTACCATGT-5′Risposta
RNA: 5′-CGAUGGUACA-3′Complement the template in the displayed order: A → U, T → A, C → G, G → C.
Carta 13
Domanda
This gene’s transcribed DNA segment is shown as the template strand. The proposal complements its displayed bases, then changes the end labels without reversing the letters. Correct the initial, unprocessed RNA segment before processing, 5′ → 3′.
Template DNA: 5′-CGATTCAG-3′ Proposed RNA: 5′-GCUAAGUC-3′Risposta
RNA: 5′-CUGAAUCG-3′The complement in displayed order runs 3′ → 5′. Reverse its letters as well as its end labels to report it 5′ → 3′.
Carta 14
Domanda
This gene’s transcribed DNA segment is shown as the coding strand. Write the initial, unprocessed RNA segment before processing, 5′ → 3′.
Coding DNA: 5′-GCTTAGACCA-3′Risposta
RNA: 5′-GCUUAGACCA-3′Keep the coding strand’s order and replace T with U.
Carta 15
Domanda
This gene’s transcribed DNA segment is shown as the coding strand. Write the initial, unprocessed RNA segment before processing, 5′ → 3′.
Coding DNA: 3′-CGTTAAGC-5′Risposta
RNA: 5′-CGAAUUGC-3′Read the coding strand from its 5′ end: reverse the displayed letters, then replace T with U.
Carta 16
Domanda
RNA polymerase moves left to right across this transcribed segment. Which DNA strand is the template for this gene?
Top: 3′-GACTAGCA-5′ Bottom: 5′-CTGATCGT-3′Risposta
Top strand. Along the stated movement, this strand is read 3′ → 5′.
Carta 17
Domanda
This gene’s transcribed DNA segment is shown as the template strand. Write the initial, unprocessed RNA segment before processing, 5′ → 3′.
Template DNA: 3′-ATCCGTGA-5′Risposta
RNA: 5′-UAGGCACU-3′Complement the template in the displayed order: A → U, T → A, C → G, G → C.
Carta 18
Domanda
This gene’s transcribed DNA segment is shown as the template strand. Write the initial, unprocessed RNA segment before processing, 5′ → 3′.
Template DNA: 5′-TCGAATGC-3′Risposta
RNA: 5′-GCAUUCGA-3′Reverse the displayed template, then complement it: A → U, T → A, C → G, G → C.
Carta 19
Domanda
This initial, unprocessed RNA segment was transcribed from a gene before processing. Write the corresponding coding DNA segment 5′ → 3′.
RNA: 5′-CUAAGUGC-3′Risposta
Coding DNA: 5′-CTAAGTGC-3′Keep the RNA’s order and replace U with T.
Carta 20
Domanda
RNA polymerase moves right to left across this transcribed segment. Which DNA strand is the template for this gene?
Top: 3′-TACGAGGT-5′ Bottom: 5′-ATGCTCCA-3′Risposta
Bottom strand. Along the stated movement, this strand is read 3′ → 5′.
Carta 21
Domanda
The only evidence offered for choosing a gene’s template is that the top strand contains ATG. What is missing?
Top: 5′-ATGCTCAG-3′ Bottom: 3′-TACGAGTC-5′Risposta
Evidence of which strand is transcribed for this gene, such as RNA polymerase’s movement across the segment. ATG alone does not establish the strand’s role.
Carta 22
Domanda
This gene’s transcribed DNA segment is shown as the template strand. Write the initial, unprocessed RNA segment before processing, 5′ → 3′.
Template DNA: 5′-ACTGGCATG-3′Risposta
RNA: 5′-CAUGCCAGU-3′Reverse the displayed template, then complement it: A → U, T → A, C → G, G → C.
Carta 23
Domanda
This gene’s transcribed DNA segment is shown as the coding strand. Write the initial, unprocessed RNA segment before processing, 5′ → 3′.
Coding DNA: 5′-ACAGTTGC-3′Risposta
RNA: 5′-ACAGUUGC-3′Keep the coding strand’s order and replace T with U.
Carta 24
Domanda
This gene’s transcribed DNA segment is shown as the coding strand. Write the initial, unprocessed RNA segment before processing, 5′ → 3′.
Coding DNA: 3′-GACTTACGA-5′Risposta
RNA: 5′-AGCAUUCAG-3′Read the coding strand from its 5′ end: reverse the displayed letters, then replace T with U.
Carta 25
Domanda
RNA polymerase moves right to left across this transcribed segment. Which DNA strand is the template for this gene?
Top: 5′-TCGACAGT-3′ Bottom: 3′-AGCTGTCA-5′Risposta
Top strand. Along the stated movement, this strand is read 3′ → 5′.
Carta 26
Domanda
This gene’s transcribed DNA segment is shown as the template strand. Write the initial, unprocessed RNA segment before processing, 5′ → 3′.
Template DNA: 3′-TCAGGATCA-5′Risposta
RNA: 5′-AGUCCUAGU-3′Complement the template in the displayed order: A → U, T → A, C → G, G → C.
Carta 27
Domanda
This gene’s transcribed DNA segment is shown as the template strand. Write the initial, unprocessed RNA segment before processing, 5′ → 3′.
Template DNA: 5′-AGTCACGA-3′Risposta
RNA: 5′-UCGUGACU-3′Reverse the displayed template, then complement it: A → U, T → A, C → G, G → C.
Carta 28
Domanda
This gene’s transcribed DNA segment is shown as the coding strand. Correct the proposed initial, unprocessed RNA segment before processing, 5′ → 3′.
Coding DNA: 5′-GATACCGT-3′ Proposed RNA: 5′-UGCCAUAG-3′Risposta
RNA: 5′-GAUACCGU-3′The coding strand is already displayed 5′ → 3′. Replace T with U without reversing its letters.
Carta 29
Domanda
This gene’s transcribed DNA segment is shown as the coding strand. Write the initial, unprocessed RNA segment before processing, 5′ → 3′.
Coding DNA: 3′-TGACCTAG-5′Risposta
RNA: 5′-GAUCCAGU-3′Read the coding strand from its 5′ end: reverse the displayed letters, then replace T with U.
Carta 30
Domanda
This gene’s transcribed DNA segment is shown as the template strand. Write the initial, unprocessed RNA segment before processing, 5′ → 3′.
Template DNA: 3′-GATCCAGT-5′Risposta
RNA: 5′-CUAGGUCA-3′Complement the template in the displayed order: A → U, T → A, C → G, G → C.
Carta 31
Domanda
RNA polymerase moves right to left across this transcribed segment. Which DNA strand is the template for this gene?
Top: 5′-CTTAGCGA-3′ Bottom: 3′-GAATCGCT-5′Risposta
Top strand. Along the stated movement, this strand is read 3′ → 5′.
Carta 32
Domanda
This gene’s transcribed DNA segment is shown as the template strand. Correct the proposed initial, unprocessed RNA segment before processing, 5′ → 3′.
Template DNA: 5′-ACGTTCGA-3′ Proposed RNA: 5′-UGCAAGCU-3′Risposta
RNA: 5′-UCGAACGU-3′Complementing the displayed template gives RNA in the opposite direction. Reverse that complement to report the RNA 5′ → 3′.
Carta 33
Domanda
This gene’s transcribed DNA segment is shown as the coding strand. Write the initial, unprocessed RNA segment before processing, 5′ → 3′.
Coding DNA: 5′-TTGACGCA-3′Risposta
RNA: 5′-UUGACGCA-3′Keep the coding strand’s order and replace T with U.
Carta 34
Domanda
Repair this rule: “The top DNA strand in a drawing is always the coding strand.”
Risposta
Top or bottom position does not assign a strand’s role for a gene. Use the stated role, or identify the template as the strand RNA polymerase reads 3′ → 5′ along its movement.
Carta 35
Domanda
This gene’s transcribed DNA segment is shown as the coding strand. What additional information is needed to infer the corresponding mature mRNA segment?
Coding DNA: 5′-ACCTGAGT-3′Risposta
Which processing changes, if any, affect this segment. Coding DNA alone determines the initial RNA sequence, but it does not tell you which bases remain in mature mRNA.
Carta 36
Domanda
This gene’s transcribed DNA segment is shown as the template strand. Correct the proposed initial, unprocessed RNA segment before processing, keeping the answer 5′ → 3′.
Template DNA: 3′-CATGGCAT-5′ Proposed RNA: 5′-CAUGGCAU-3′Risposta
RNA: 5′-GUACCGUA-3′The proposal copied the template. Pair each RNA base with the template base instead.
Carta 37
Domanda
This gene’s transcribed DNA segment is shown as the template strand. Write the initial, unprocessed RNA segment before processing, 5′ → 3′.
Template DNA: 5′-GGCATCTA-3′Risposta
RNA: 5′-UAGAUGCC-3′Reverse the displayed template, then complement it: A → U, T → A, C → G, G → C.
Carta 38
Domanda
Repair this rule: “For a transcribed coding DNA segment already written 5′ → 3′, complement every base to get the initial RNA 5′ → 3′.”
Risposta
Keep the coding sequence’s letter order and replace T with U. The initial RNA is complementary to the template, so it matches the corresponding coding strand apart from U replacing T.
Carta 39
Domanda
Repair this rule: “Any DNA strand containing ATG must be the coding strand for the gene.”
Risposta
ATG alone does not identify the coding strand. You need the strand’s role for that gene or transcription-direction evidence; a short base pattern does not supply it.
Carta 40
Domanda
RNA polymerase moves left to right across this transcribed segment. Which DNA strand is the template for this gene?
Top: 5′-CGTAAGTC-3′ Bottom: 3′-GCATTCAG-5′Risposta
Bottom strand. Along the stated movement, this strand is read 3′ → 5′.
Carta 41
Domanda
A DNA segment is known to be transcribed, but its role is not given. What information is missing before you can assign one initial RNA segment?
DNA: 5′-CTGACATC-3′Risposta
Its role for this gene: coding or template. The end labels alone do not choose between copying the coding sequence and reverse-complementing the template.
Carta 42
Domanda
This gene’s transcribed DNA segment is shown as the coding strand. Write the initial, unprocessed RNA segment before processing, 5′ → 3′.
Coding DNA: 3′-ATGCCAGT-5′Risposta
RNA: 5′-UGACCGUA-3′Read the coding strand from its 5′ end: reverse the displayed letters, then replace T with U.
Carta 43
Domanda
This initial, unprocessed RNA segment was transcribed from a gene before processing. Write the corresponding template DNA segment 5′ → 3′.
RNA: 5′-AGUCAGGA-3′Risposta
Template DNA: 5′-TCCTGACT-3′The paired template is 3′-TCAGTCCT-5′. Reverse it to report the DNA 5′ → 3′.
Carta 44
Domanda
This gene’s transcribed DNA segment is shown as the coding strand. Correct the proposed initial, unprocessed RNA segment before processing, 5′ → 3′.
Coding DNA: 5′-TGCAAGCT-3′ Proposed RNA: 5′-TGCAAGCT-3′Risposta
RNA: 5′-UGCAAGCU-3′Keep the coding strand’s order and replace both T bases with U.
Carta 45
Domanda
The shown coding DNA segment is transcribed for this gene. What is missing before you can write one initial, unprocessed RNA segment 5′ → 3′?
Coding DNA: GCATACCGRisposta
The displayed direction: which end is 5′ and which is 3′. Without it, the letter order of the RNA written 5′ → 3′ is ambiguous.
Carta 46
Domanda
RNA polymerase moves left to right across this transcribed segment. Which DNA strand is the template for this gene?
Top: 5′-CAGTCGAT-3′ Bottom: 3′-GTCAGCTA-5′Risposta
Bottom strand. Along the stated movement, this strand is read 3′ → 5′.
46 carte
Coding vs Template Strand Flashcards: Transcription Practice
Nibomo si apre e puoi iniziare a studiare.