Coding vs Template Strand Flashcards: Transcription Practice
Practice 46 original English cards on coding and template DNA strands: four RNA-conversion cases, strand choice, two reverse mappings, repairs, and evidence limits.
Про цю колоду
Practice coding vs template strand decisions with 46 original English flashcards for introductory biology. Each sequence exercise states the strand’s role for a gene and labels its 5′ and 3′ ends. Report the initial, unprocessed RNA segment before processing, written 5′ → 3′.
The deck includes 20 DNA-to-RNA exercises: five coding strands displayed 5′ → 3′, five coding strands displayed 3′ → 5′, five template strands displayed 3′ → 5′, and five template strands displayed 5′ → 3′. Eight complementary two-strand displays ask which strand is the template from RNA polymerase’s stated movement, with four cases in each movement direction. Two reverse exercises start from an initial RNA segment and request its corresponding coding or template DNA segment, both explicitly written 5′ → 3′. Eight repairs address wrong rules or proposed answers, and four evidence checks identify missing role, orientation, processing information, or transcription evidence.
Four foundation cards introduce the template role, RNA synthesis direction, antiparallel alignment, and RNA alphabet. The fixed order starts with the basic coding and template cases, then mixes orientations, strand choices, repairs, reverse mappings, and limits. Repeated conversion-operation families are separated by at least three intervening cards, including related repairs and reverse mappings. The review scheduler handles later spacing. Answers give the result first and a short reason; every card carries the transcription-strands tag.
All short base sequences are invented practice segments, not identified genes. Mature-mRNA prediction is excluded because processing information is not supplied; one card asks you to recognize that limit. Translation, codon tables, reading frames, mutations, promoter inference, species-specific mechanisms, and complete-course or exam alignment are outside the scope. Additional reverse-orientation permutations and arbitrary sequence-generation prompts are omitted to keep the retrieval tasks focused. For a longer explanation, read the coding vs template strand lesson.
The questions, answers, artificial sequences, organization, and metadata were written independently with AI assistance and checked against common reference facts. Factual references are NHGRI’s Finding Genes and RNA fact sheet. No competitor cards, textbook examples, examination questions, source prose, diagrams, or logos were copied. Reference materials retain their own rights; facts are not claimed as proprietary.
Original material, including the AI-generated decorative cover, is dedicated under CC0 1.0 to the extent applicable rights exist. The cover is an abstract illustration, not a molecular diagram. This is independent study material; NHGRI and other institutions do not endorse it.
Картки в цій колоді
Картка 1
Питання
For a gene, which DNA strand does RNA polymerase use as its base-pairing guide?
Відповідь
The template strand. Its bases determine the complementary RNA bases.
Картка 2
Питання
In which direction does RNA polymerase build a new RNA strand?
Відповідь
5′ → 3′. New nucleotides are added at the growing RNA strand’s 3′ end.
Картка 3
Питання
How do the directions of an RNA segment and its paired DNA template align?
Відповідь
They are antiparallel: an RNA segment runs 5′ → 3′ alongside a template segment running 3′ → 5′.
Картка 4
Питання
Which four base letters belong in an ordinary RNA sequence?
Відповідь
A, U, C, and G. RNA uses U (uracil) where the corresponding coding DNA has T (thymine).
Картка 5
Питання
This gene’s transcribed DNA segment is shown as the coding strand. Write the initial, unprocessed RNA segment before processing, 5′ → 3′.
Coding DNA: 5′-GTACCTGA-3′Відповідь
RNA: 5′-GUACCUGA-3′Keep the coding strand’s order and replace T with U.
Картка 6
Питання
This gene’s transcribed DNA segment is shown as the template strand. Write the initial, unprocessed RNA segment before processing, 5′ → 3′.
Template DNA: 3′-CAGTTCGA-5′Відповідь
RNA: 5′-GUCAAGCU-3′Complement the template in the displayed order: A → U, T → A, C → G, G → C.
Картка 7
Питання
RNA polymerase moves left to right across this transcribed segment. Which DNA strand is the template for this gene?
Top: 3′-AGCTCAGG-5′ Bottom: 5′-TCGAGTCC-3′Відповідь
Top strand. Along the stated movement, this strand is read 3′ → 5′.
Картка 8
Питання
This gene’s transcribed DNA segment is shown as the template strand. Write the initial, unprocessed RNA segment before processing, 5′ → 3′.
Template DNA: 5′-TGCAGATCCA-3′Відповідь
RNA: 5′-UGGAUCUGCA-3′Reverse the displayed template, then complement it: A → U, T → A, C → G, G → C.
Картка 9
Питання
This gene’s transcribed DNA segment is shown as the coding strand. Write the initial, unprocessed RNA segment before processing, 5′ → 3′.
Coding DNA: 5′-CAGTACGTT-3′Відповідь
RNA: 5′-CAGUACGUU-3′Keep the coding strand’s order and replace T with U.
Картка 10
Питання
This gene’s transcribed DNA segment is shown as the coding strand. Write the initial, unprocessed RNA segment before processing, 5′ → 3′.
Coding DNA: 3′-CTAGACCTGA-5′Відповідь
RNA: 5′-AGUCCAGAUC-3′Read the coding strand from its 5′ end: reverse the displayed letters, then replace T with U.
Картка 11
Питання
RNA polymerase moves right to left across this transcribed segment. Which DNA strand is the template for this gene?
Top: 3′-ATCGGTCA-5′ Bottom: 5′-TAGCCAGT-3′Відповідь
Bottom strand. Along the stated movement, this strand is read 3′ → 5′.
Картка 12
Питання
This gene’s transcribed DNA segment is shown as the template strand. Write the initial, unprocessed RNA segment before processing, 5′ → 3′.
Template DNA: 3′-GCTACCATGT-5′Відповідь
RNA: 5′-CGAUGGUACA-3′Complement the template in the displayed order: A → U, T → A, C → G, G → C.
Картка 13
Питання
This gene’s transcribed DNA segment is shown as the template strand. The proposal complements its displayed bases, then changes the end labels without reversing the letters. Correct the initial, unprocessed RNA segment before processing, 5′ → 3′.
Template DNA: 5′-CGATTCAG-3′ Proposed RNA: 5′-GCUAAGUC-3′Відповідь
RNA: 5′-CUGAAUCG-3′The complement in displayed order runs 3′ → 5′. Reverse its letters as well as its end labels to report it 5′ → 3′.
Картка 14
Питання
This gene’s transcribed DNA segment is shown as the coding strand. Write the initial, unprocessed RNA segment before processing, 5′ → 3′.
Coding DNA: 5′-GCTTAGACCA-3′Відповідь
RNA: 5′-GCUUAGACCA-3′Keep the coding strand’s order and replace T with U.
Картка 15
Питання
This gene’s transcribed DNA segment is shown as the coding strand. Write the initial, unprocessed RNA segment before processing, 5′ → 3′.
Coding DNA: 3′-CGTTAAGC-5′Відповідь
RNA: 5′-CGAAUUGC-3′Read the coding strand from its 5′ end: reverse the displayed letters, then replace T with U.
Картка 16
Питання
RNA polymerase moves left to right across this transcribed segment. Which DNA strand is the template for this gene?
Top: 3′-GACTAGCA-5′ Bottom: 5′-CTGATCGT-3′Відповідь
Top strand. Along the stated movement, this strand is read 3′ → 5′.
Картка 17
Питання
This gene’s transcribed DNA segment is shown as the template strand. Write the initial, unprocessed RNA segment before processing, 5′ → 3′.
Template DNA: 3′-ATCCGTGA-5′Відповідь
RNA: 5′-UAGGCACU-3′Complement the template in the displayed order: A → U, T → A, C → G, G → C.
Картка 18
Питання
This gene’s transcribed DNA segment is shown as the template strand. Write the initial, unprocessed RNA segment before processing, 5′ → 3′.
Template DNA: 5′-TCGAATGC-3′Відповідь
RNA: 5′-GCAUUCGA-3′Reverse the displayed template, then complement it: A → U, T → A, C → G, G → C.
Картка 19
Питання
This initial, unprocessed RNA segment was transcribed from a gene before processing. Write the corresponding coding DNA segment 5′ → 3′.
RNA: 5′-CUAAGUGC-3′Відповідь
Coding DNA: 5′-CTAAGTGC-3′Keep the RNA’s order and replace U with T.
Картка 20
Питання
RNA polymerase moves right to left across this transcribed segment. Which DNA strand is the template for this gene?
Top: 3′-TACGAGGT-5′ Bottom: 5′-ATGCTCCA-3′Відповідь
Bottom strand. Along the stated movement, this strand is read 3′ → 5′.
Картка 21
Питання
The only evidence offered for choosing a gene’s template is that the top strand contains ATG. What is missing?
Top: 5′-ATGCTCAG-3′ Bottom: 3′-TACGAGTC-5′Відповідь
Evidence of which strand is transcribed for this gene, such as RNA polymerase’s movement across the segment. ATG alone does not establish the strand’s role.
Картка 22
Питання
This gene’s transcribed DNA segment is shown as the template strand. Write the initial, unprocessed RNA segment before processing, 5′ → 3′.
Template DNA: 5′-ACTGGCATG-3′Відповідь
RNA: 5′-CAUGCCAGU-3′Reverse the displayed template, then complement it: A → U, T → A, C → G, G → C.
Картка 23
Питання
This gene’s transcribed DNA segment is shown as the coding strand. Write the initial, unprocessed RNA segment before processing, 5′ → 3′.
Coding DNA: 5′-ACAGTTGC-3′Відповідь
RNA: 5′-ACAGUUGC-3′Keep the coding strand’s order and replace T with U.
Картка 24
Питання
This gene’s transcribed DNA segment is shown as the coding strand. Write the initial, unprocessed RNA segment before processing, 5′ → 3′.
Coding DNA: 3′-GACTTACGA-5′Відповідь
RNA: 5′-AGCAUUCAG-3′Read the coding strand from its 5′ end: reverse the displayed letters, then replace T with U.
Картка 25
Питання
RNA polymerase moves right to left across this transcribed segment. Which DNA strand is the template for this gene?
Top: 5′-TCGACAGT-3′ Bottom: 3′-AGCTGTCA-5′Відповідь
Top strand. Along the stated movement, this strand is read 3′ → 5′.
Картка 26
Питання
This gene’s transcribed DNA segment is shown as the template strand. Write the initial, unprocessed RNA segment before processing, 5′ → 3′.
Template DNA: 3′-TCAGGATCA-5′Відповідь
RNA: 5′-AGUCCUAGU-3′Complement the template in the displayed order: A → U, T → A, C → G, G → C.
Картка 27
Питання
This gene’s transcribed DNA segment is shown as the template strand. Write the initial, unprocessed RNA segment before processing, 5′ → 3′.
Template DNA: 5′-AGTCACGA-3′Відповідь
RNA: 5′-UCGUGACU-3′Reverse the displayed template, then complement it: A → U, T → A, C → G, G → C.
Картка 28
Питання
This gene’s transcribed DNA segment is shown as the coding strand. Correct the proposed initial, unprocessed RNA segment before processing, 5′ → 3′.
Coding DNA: 5′-GATACCGT-3′ Proposed RNA: 5′-UGCCAUAG-3′Відповідь
RNA: 5′-GAUACCGU-3′The coding strand is already displayed 5′ → 3′. Replace T with U without reversing its letters.
Картка 29
Питання
This gene’s transcribed DNA segment is shown as the coding strand. Write the initial, unprocessed RNA segment before processing, 5′ → 3′.
Coding DNA: 3′-TGACCTAG-5′Відповідь
RNA: 5′-GAUCCAGU-3′Read the coding strand from its 5′ end: reverse the displayed letters, then replace T with U.
Картка 30
Питання
This gene’s transcribed DNA segment is shown as the template strand. Write the initial, unprocessed RNA segment before processing, 5′ → 3′.
Template DNA: 3′-GATCCAGT-5′Відповідь
RNA: 5′-CUAGGUCA-3′Complement the template in the displayed order: A → U, T → A, C → G, G → C.
Картка 31
Питання
RNA polymerase moves right to left across this transcribed segment. Which DNA strand is the template for this gene?
Top: 5′-CTTAGCGA-3′ Bottom: 3′-GAATCGCT-5′Відповідь
Top strand. Along the stated movement, this strand is read 3′ → 5′.
Картка 32
Питання
This gene’s transcribed DNA segment is shown as the template strand. Correct the proposed initial, unprocessed RNA segment before processing, 5′ → 3′.
Template DNA: 5′-ACGTTCGA-3′ Proposed RNA: 5′-UGCAAGCU-3′Відповідь
RNA: 5′-UCGAACGU-3′Complementing the displayed template gives RNA in the opposite direction. Reverse that complement to report the RNA 5′ → 3′.
Картка 33
Питання
This gene’s transcribed DNA segment is shown as the coding strand. Write the initial, unprocessed RNA segment before processing, 5′ → 3′.
Coding DNA: 5′-TTGACGCA-3′Відповідь
RNA: 5′-UUGACGCA-3′Keep the coding strand’s order and replace T with U.
Картка 34
Питання
Repair this rule: “The top DNA strand in a drawing is always the coding strand.”
Відповідь
Top or bottom position does not assign a strand’s role for a gene. Use the stated role, or identify the template as the strand RNA polymerase reads 3′ → 5′ along its movement.
Картка 35
Питання
This gene’s transcribed DNA segment is shown as the coding strand. What additional information is needed to infer the corresponding mature mRNA segment?
Coding DNA: 5′-ACCTGAGT-3′Відповідь
Which processing changes, if any, affect this segment. Coding DNA alone determines the initial RNA sequence, but it does not tell you which bases remain in mature mRNA.
Картка 36
Питання
This gene’s transcribed DNA segment is shown as the template strand. Correct the proposed initial, unprocessed RNA segment before processing, keeping the answer 5′ → 3′.
Template DNA: 3′-CATGGCAT-5′ Proposed RNA: 5′-CAUGGCAU-3′Відповідь
RNA: 5′-GUACCGUA-3′The proposal copied the template. Pair each RNA base with the template base instead.
Картка 37
Питання
This gene’s transcribed DNA segment is shown as the template strand. Write the initial, unprocessed RNA segment before processing, 5′ → 3′.
Template DNA: 5′-GGCATCTA-3′Відповідь
RNA: 5′-UAGAUGCC-3′Reverse the displayed template, then complement it: A → U, T → A, C → G, G → C.
Картка 38
Питання
Repair this rule: “For a transcribed coding DNA segment already written 5′ → 3′, complement every base to get the initial RNA 5′ → 3′.”
Відповідь
Keep the coding sequence’s letter order and replace T with U. The initial RNA is complementary to the template, so it matches the corresponding coding strand apart from U replacing T.
Картка 39
Питання
Repair this rule: “Any DNA strand containing ATG must be the coding strand for the gene.”
Відповідь
ATG alone does not identify the coding strand. You need the strand’s role for that gene or transcription-direction evidence; a short base pattern does not supply it.
Картка 40
Питання
RNA polymerase moves left to right across this transcribed segment. Which DNA strand is the template for this gene?
Top: 5′-CGTAAGTC-3′ Bottom: 3′-GCATTCAG-5′Відповідь
Bottom strand. Along the stated movement, this strand is read 3′ → 5′.
Картка 41
Питання
A DNA segment is known to be transcribed, but its role is not given. What information is missing before you can assign one initial RNA segment?
DNA: 5′-CTGACATC-3′Відповідь
Its role for this gene: coding or template. The end labels alone do not choose between copying the coding sequence and reverse-complementing the template.
Картка 42
Питання
This gene’s transcribed DNA segment is shown as the coding strand. Write the initial, unprocessed RNA segment before processing, 5′ → 3′.
Coding DNA: 3′-ATGCCAGT-5′Відповідь
RNA: 5′-UGACCGUA-3′Read the coding strand from its 5′ end: reverse the displayed letters, then replace T with U.
Картка 43
Питання
This initial, unprocessed RNA segment was transcribed from a gene before processing. Write the corresponding template DNA segment 5′ → 3′.
RNA: 5′-AGUCAGGA-3′Відповідь
Template DNA: 5′-TCCTGACT-3′The paired template is 3′-TCAGTCCT-5′. Reverse it to report the DNA 5′ → 3′.
Картка 44
Питання
This gene’s transcribed DNA segment is shown as the coding strand. Correct the proposed initial, unprocessed RNA segment before processing, 5′ → 3′.
Coding DNA: 5′-TGCAAGCT-3′ Proposed RNA: 5′-TGCAAGCT-3′Відповідь
RNA: 5′-UGCAAGCU-3′Keep the coding strand’s order and replace both T bases with U.
Картка 45
Питання
The shown coding DNA segment is transcribed for this gene. What is missing before you can write one initial, unprocessed RNA segment 5′ → 3′?
Coding DNA: GCATACCGВідповідь
The displayed direction: which end is 5′ and which is 3′. Without it, the letter order of the RNA written 5′ → 3′ is ambiguous.
Картка 46
Питання
RNA polymerase moves left to right across this transcribed segment. Which DNA strand is the template for this gene?
Top: 5′-CAGTCGAT-3′ Bottom: 3′-GTCAGCTA-5′Відповідь
Bottom strand. Along the stated movement, this strand is read 3′ → 5′.
46 карток
Coding vs Template Strand Flashcards: Transcription Practice
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