Digital SAT Flashcards: Math, Grammar & Words in Context

Selle kaardipaki kaardid

1. Kaart 1

   Küsimus

   Central idea of a passage?

   Vastus

   The passage's main claim or controlling point. It should cover the whole passage, not one striking detail.

2. Kaart 2

   Küsimus

   The shade trees mitigated the midday heat. Meaning of “mitigated”?

   Vastus

   Reduced. The trees made the heat less severe.

3. Kaart 3

   Küsimus

   The first plan was affordable. However, it took twice as long. What relationship does “However” signal?

   Vastus

   Contrast. The second statement differs from or qualifies the first.

4. Kaart 4

   Küsimus

   Three standard joins for two independent clauses?

   Vastus

   A period, a semicolon, or a comma plus a coordinating conjunction. Each side must be a complete sentence.

5. Kaart 5

   Küsimus

   Best supporting detail?

   Vastus

   The detail that most directly proves the claim. Relevance matters more than how vivid or surprising it is.

6. Kaart 6

   Küsimus

   A second archive corroborated the diary's date. Meaning of “corroborated”?

   Vastus

   Confirmed with supporting evidence.

7. Kaart 7

   Küsimus

   Every member of set A is even. Nine is odd; therefore, nine is not in set A. What relationship does “therefore” signal?

   Vastus

   Conclusion from a reason. The final statement follows logically from the stated premises.

8. Kaart 8

   Küsimus

   Introductory dependent clause before a main clause?

   Vastus

   Use a comma after the dependent clause. Example: “Although rain fell, the match continued.”

9. Kaart 9

   Küsimus

   Valid inference?

   Vastus

   A conclusion that must follow, or that most reasonably follows, from the stated evidence. Avoid assumptions the text never supports.

10. Kaart 10

    Küsimus

    The team called its result tentative until replication. Meaning of “tentative”?

    Vastus

    Provisional or not yet certain.

11. Kaart 11

    Küsimus

    Several materials block sound. For example, thick felt absorbs echoes. What relationship does “For example” signal?

    Vastus

    Illustration. The second statement gives a specific case of the broader point.

12. Kaart 12

    Küsimus

    Singular subject with an intervening prepositional phrase?

    Vastus

    Use a singular verb. Example: “The box of samples is sealed.” The phrase “of samples” does not change the subject.

13. Kaart 13

    Küsimus

    Strongest textual evidence?

    Vastus

    The quotation or detail that most directly supports the target claim, with the fewest extra assumptions.

14. Kaart 14

    Küsimus

    The error had a negligible effect on the total. Meaning of “negligible”?

    Vastus

    So small that it is not important.

15. Kaart 15

    Küsimus

    The first route avoids steep hills. Similarly, the second stays nearly level. What relationship does “Similarly” signal?

    Vastus

    Similarity. The second statement matches the first in a relevant way.

16. Kaart 16

    Küsimus

    Opening modifier placement?

    Vastus

    Place the noun being modified immediately after the opening phrase. Example: “Walking home, Lena noticed the mural.”

17. Kaart 17

    Küsimus

    Quantitative evidence for a claim?

    Vastus

    Use the value, comparison, or trend that directly tests the claim, including the correct units and baseline.

18. Kaart 18

    Küsimus

    The lab used a conventional method before testing a new one. Meaning of “conventional”?

    Vastus

    Traditional or commonly accepted.

19. Kaart 19

    Küsimus

    Mira checked the figures. Meanwhile, Omar revised the caption. What relationship does “Meanwhile” signal?

    Vastus

    Simultaneous events. The second event happens at the same time as the first.

20. Kaart 20

    Küsimus

    Singular possessive noun?

    Vastus

    Usually add apostrophe + s. Example: “the scientist's notebook.”

21. Kaart 21

    Küsimus

    Trend in a table or graph?

    Vastus

    State what changes, in which direction, and across which interval. Do not turn a pattern into a cause without evidence.

22. Kaart 22

    Küsimus

    The essay offered a novel explanation for the pattern. Meaning of “novel”?

    Vastus

    New or original in this context.

23. Kaart 23

    Küsimus

    The device was old. Nevertheless, it performed reliably. What relationship does “Nevertheless” signal?

    Vastus

    Concession. The second statement remains true despite the limitation in the first.

24. Kaart 24

    Küsimus

    Parallel items in a series?

    Vastus

    Use the same grammatical form for each item. Example: “to collect, analyze, and report data.”

25. Kaart 25

    Küsimus

    Claim stronger than the evidence?

    Vastus

    Qualify the claim. Limited evidence can support “may” or “suggests,” not an absolute conclusion.

26. Kaart 26

    Küsimus

    Her account is plausible because it matches the records. Meaning of “plausible”?

    Vastus

    Reasonable or believable.

27. Kaart 27

    Küsimus

    The plan cuts costs. Moreover, it shortens delivery time. What relationship does “Moreover” signal?

    Vastus

    Addition. The second statement adds a related supporting point.

28. Kaart 28

    Küsimus

    Colon before an explanation or list?

    Vastus

    Use it only after a complete independent clause. Example: “The kit needs three items: tape, gloves, and labels.”

29. Kaart 29

    Küsimus

    Claim versus evidence?

    Vastus

    A claim is the point being argued; evidence is the information used to support it.

30. Kaart 30

    Küsimus

    The memo's ambiguous wording allowed two readings. Meaning of “ambiguous”?

    Vastus

    Open to more than one interpretation.

31. Kaart 31

    Küsimus

    The team didn't replace the sensor. Instead, it recalibrated the existing one. What relationship does “Instead” signal?

    Vastus

    Replacement. The second statement substitutes one action for another.

32. Kaart 32

    Küsimus

    Count nouns versus mass nouns?

    Vastus

    Use “fewer” with countable items and “less” with amounts. Example: fewer errors, less noise.

33. Kaart 33

    Küsimus

    Effect of a counterexample?

    Vastus

    It weakens a universal claim by showing at least one case where the claim fails.

34. Kaart 34

    Küsimus

    Rainfall was sporadic: brief showers interrupted long dry periods. Meaning of “sporadic”?

    Vastus

    Irregular and occasional.

35. Kaart 35

    Küsimus

    The seedlings grew indoors. Subsequently, workers moved them outside. What relationship does “Subsequently” signal?

    Vastus

    Later step in a sequence. The second event occurs after the first.

36. Kaart 36

    Küsimus

    Essential clause punctuation?

    Vastus

    Do not surround an essential clause with commas. It identifies which person or thing the sentence means.

37. Kaart 37

    Küsimus

    Correlation alone proves causation?

    Vastus

    No. A relationship between variables does not by itself show that one caused the other.

38. Kaart 38

    Küsimus

    Subsequent trials produced the same result. Meaning of “subsequent”?

    Vastus

    Coming later in time.

39. Kaart 39

    Küsimus

    The coating is hydrophobic. In other words, it repels water. What relationship does “In other words” signal?

    Vastus

    Restatement for clarity. The second statement rephrases the first.

40. Kaart 40

    Küsimus

    Verb tense across a paragraph?

    Vastus

    Keep the time frame consistent unless the timing actually changes.

41. Kaart 41

    Küsimus

    Missing information in a data claim?

    Vastus

    Look for the baseline, sample size, units, comparison group, or time interval needed to judge the claim.

42. Kaart 42

    Küsimus

    The coating helps the fabric retain heat. Meaning of “retain”?

    Vastus

    Keep or continue to hold.

43. Kaart 43

    Küsimus

    The repair requires specialized tools. Specifically, it needs a torque wrench. What relationship does “Specifically” signal?

    Vastus

    General-to-specific detail. The second statement narrows the broad first statement.

44. Kaart 44

    Küsimus

    Coordinate adjectives?

    Vastus

    Separate them with a comma when their order can switch and “and” can fit between them. Example: “a clear, concise note.”

45. Kaart 45

    Küsimus

    Two sources on the same event?

    Vastus

    Compare the exact claims, evidence, scope, and perspective. Shared topic does not guarantee agreement.

46. Kaart 46

    Küsimus

    The survey was designed to elicit candid responses. Meaning of “elicit”?

    Vastus

    Draw out or bring forth.

47. Kaart 47

    Küsimus

    Heavy rain loosened the soil. Consequently, the trail closed. What relationship does “Consequently” signal?

    Vastus

    Cause and effect. The second statement is an outcome of the first.

48. Kaart 48

    Küsimus

    Sentence fragment?

    Vastus

    A group of words missing an independent clause. Attach it to a complete sentence or supply the missing subject and verb.

49. Kaart 49

    Küsimus

    Inference from a narrow sample?

    Vastus

    Limit the conclusion to the population the sample can represent. Do not generalize beyond the evidence.

50. Kaart 50

    Küsimus

    Cost was the main constraint on the project. Meaning of “constraint”?

    Vastus

    A limit or restriction.

51. Kaart 51

    Küsimus

    Early results conflicted. Ultimately, the team accepted the model. What relationship does “Ultimately” signal?

    Vastus

    Overall conclusion. The second statement gives the final judgment after earlier considerations.

52. Kaart 52

    Küsimus

    Conjunctive adverb between independent clauses?

    Vastus

    Use a semicolon before it and a comma after it. Example: “The route was longer; however, it was safer.”

53. Kaart 53

    Küsimus

    Most accurate summary?

    Vastus

    State the central idea and its essential support without adding opinions or minor details.

54. Kaart 54

    Küsimus

    The review was comprehensive, covering every recorded case. Meaning of “comprehensive”?

    Vastus

    Complete and wide-ranging.

55. Kaart 55

    Küsimus

    The method is efficient. Indeed, it cuts processing time in half. What relationship does “Indeed” signal?

    Vastus

    Emphasis and confirmation. The second statement reinforces the first with a stronger detail.

56. Kaart 56

    Küsimus

    Who versus whom?

    Vastus

    Use “who” as a subject and “whom” as an object. Test with he/him: “whom” matches “him.”

57. Kaart 57

    Küsimus

    Evidence that best resolves a disagreement?

    Vastus

    Choose evidence that tests the specific point on which the sources differ, not a fact both already accept.

58. Kaart 58

    Küsimus

    The two materials have distinct properties. Meaning of “distinct”?

    Vastus

    Clearly different or separate.

59. Kaart 59

    Küsimus

    The forecast warned of rain. Still, the outdoor concert began on time. What relationship does “Still” signal?

    Vastus

    Concession. The second statement remains true despite the obstacle in the first.

60. Kaart 60

    Küsimus

    Comma before an introduced direct quotation?

    Vastus

    Use a comma after a speech tag. Example: “Mina wrote, ‘The sample is ready.’”

61. Kaart 61

    Küsimus

    The conclusion was qualified by two important exceptions. Meaning of “qualified”?

    Vastus

    Limited or modified, rather than stated without conditions.

62. Kaart 62

    Küsimus

    Notes for a synthesis goal?

    Vastus

    Use only facts that directly serve the stated goal. Relevant notes can be omitted if they do not help that purpose.

63. Kaart 63

    Küsimus

    Comma splice?

    Vastus

    Two independent clauses joined only by a comma. Replace it with a period or semicolon, or add a coordinating conjunction.

64. Kaart 64

    Küsimus

    Comma between subject and verb?

    Vastus

    Do not use one unless an interrupting phrase requires paired commas. “The results of the trial were clear” takes no comma after “trial.”

65. Kaart 65

    Küsimus

    The new sensor made the older model obsolete. Meaning of “obsolete”?

    Vastus

    No longer useful or current because something newer replaced it.

66. Kaart 66

    Küsimus

    Source attribution in a synthesis?

    Vastus

    Name the source when its identity, authority, or perspective matters to the rhetorical goal.

67. Kaart 67

    Küsimus

    Compound subject joined by “and”?

    Vastus

    Use a plural verb in the usual case. Example: “The map and the notes are useful.”

68. Kaart 68

    Küsimus

    Dangling opening modifier?

    Vastus

    It lacks the intended doer immediately after the modifier. Rewrite so the doer becomes the subject.

69. Kaart 69

    Küsimus

    Researchers derived the estimate from three measurements. Meaning of “derived”?

    Vastus

    Obtained from a source or calculation.

70. Kaart 70

    Küsimus

    Chronological synthesis?

    Vastus

    Order events by time and use dates or sequence words only when they help the reader follow the progression.

71. Kaart 71

    Küsimus

    Plural noun ending in s: possessive form?

    Vastus

    Add an apostrophe after the existing s. Example: “the researchers' notes.”

72. Kaart 72

    Küsimus

    Logical comparison?

    Vastus

    Compare like with like. Example: compare one city's rainfall with another city's rainfall, not with the city itself.

73. Kaart 73

    Küsimus

    The article advocates preserving the wetland. Meaning of “advocates”?

    Vastus

    Publicly supports or argues for.

74. Kaart 74

    Küsimus

    Compare evidence from two studies?

    Vastus

    State the shared measure first, then the relevant difference in result, method, or population.

75. Kaart 75

    Küsimus

    Colon after an incomplete lead-in?

    Vastus

    Do not use one. A colon must follow a complete clause, so “The reasons include:” is incorrect.

76. Kaart 76

    Küsimus

    Number versus amount?

    Vastus

    Use “number” for countable items and “amount” for uncountable quantities. Example: number of files, amount of water.

77. Kaart 77

    Küsimus

    Portable chargers are now ubiquitous on long trips. Meaning of “ubiquitous”?

    Vastus

    Present or found almost everywhere.

78. Kaart 78

    Küsimus

    Synthesis that emphasizes a difference?

    Vastus

    Use the same comparison point for both subjects, then state the contrast directly.

79. Kaart 79

    Küsimus

    Nonessential clause or phrase?

    Vastus

    Set it off with paired commas. The sentence should keep its core identity and meaning when the phrase is removed.

80. Kaart 80

    Küsimus

    Earlier of two past actions?

    Vastus

    Use past perfect when the sequence needs clarification. Example: “The team had left before the storm began.”

81. Kaart 81

    Küsimus

    Sentence 2 presents an exception to sentence 1. Its function?

    Vastus

    It qualifies the first claim by limiting when or how broadly it applies.

82. Kaart 82

    Küsimus

    Rhetorical goal: define a term?

    Vastus

    Give the term's relevant meaning before using details or examples that depend on it.

83. Kaart 83

    Küsimus

    Cumulative adjectives?

    Vastus

    Do not separate them with a comma when each adjective builds on the next. Example: “three small glass jars.”

84. Kaart 84

    Küsimus

    Run-on sentence?

    Vastus

    Independent clauses joined without valid punctuation or a conjunction. Add a period, semicolon, or comma plus coordinating conjunction.

85. Kaart 85

    Küsimus

    Sentence 2 gives a specific case after a general claim. Its function?

    Vastus

    It illustrates the claim with an example.

86. Kaart 86

    Küsimus

    Introduce a quotation in a synthesis?

    Vastus

    Give enough source and context to show why the quotation matters; do not leave it unattached.

87. Kaart 87

    Küsimus

    Relative pronoun for people?

    Vastus

    Use “who” or “whom,” depending on case. Example: “the engineer who designed the bridge.”

88. Kaart 88

    Küsimus

    Integrated quotation punctuation?

    Vastus

    Do not add a comma when the quotation completes the grammar of the sentence. Example: The report calls the result “unexpected.”

89. Kaart 89

    Küsimus

    Sentence 2 admits a limitation before defending the claim. Its function?

    Vastus

    It makes a concession, showing that the writer recognizes a complication.

90. Kaart 90

    Küsimus

    Avoid redundancy in synthesis?

    Vastus

    State each needed idea once. Prefer the version that preserves meaning with fewer repeated words.

91. Kaart 91

    Küsimus

    Semicolon between two independent clauses?

    Vastus

    Use it without a coordinating conjunction when the ideas are closely related. Example: “The trial ended; the analysis began.”

92. Kaart 92

    Küsimus

    Comma in a compound predicate?

    Vastus

    Usually omit it when one subject performs both actions. Example: “The team collected the samples and recorded the temperature.”

93. Kaart 93

    Küsimus

    Sentence 2 explains what a technical term means. Its function?

    Vastus

    It defines or clarifies the term.

94. Kaart 94

    Küsimus

    Combine two related sentences?

    Vastus

    Make the logical relationship explicit and remove repeated material without changing the facts.

95. Kaart 95

    Küsimus

    Either/or subject agreement?

    Vastus

    Make the verb agree with the nearer subject. Example: “Either the notes or the map is missing.”

96. Kaart 96

    Küsimus

    Active versus passive voice?

    Vastus

    Choose the voice that fits the focus. Active highlights the doer; passive can highlight the action or receiver.

97. Kaart 97

    Küsimus

    Sentence 2 describes the outcome of sentence 1. Its function?

    Vastus

    It presents an effect or consequence.

98. Kaart 98

    Küsimus

    Formal academic register?

    Vastus

    Use precise, neutral wording and avoid slang, vague intensifiers, and chatty asides unless the goal calls for them.

99. Kaart 99

    Küsimus

    Its or it's?

    Vastus

    “Its” is possessive; “it's” means “it is” or “it has.”

100. Kaart 100

     Küsimus

     Adjective versus adverb?

     Vastus

     An adjective modifies a noun; an adverb usually modifies a verb, adjective, or adverb. Example: a careful test; test carefully.

101. Kaart 101

     Küsimus

     A study reports a result without arguing for a policy. Author's purpose?

     Vastus

     To inform or explain, not necessarily to persuade.

102. Kaart 102

     Küsimus

     Concise synthesis?

     Vastus

     Keep every fact needed for the rhetorical goal and remove details that repeat or distract from it.

103. Kaart 103

     Küsimus

     Single dash for emphasis?

     Vastus

     Use it after a complete thought to spotlight a final explanation or turn. Example: “One result stood out—the oldest sample.”

104. Kaart 104

     Küsimus

     Comma with direct address?

     Vastus

     Set off the person being addressed. Example: “Rina, please check the units.”

105. Kaart 105

     Küsimus

     Why acknowledge a limitation?

     Vastus

     To define the claim's boundary and show how the evidence should be interpreted.

106. Kaart 106

     Küsimus

     Quantitative comparison in a synthesis?

     Vastus

     Name both values, the shared unit, and the direction or size of the difference.

107. Kaart 107

     Küsimus

     Each of the samples: verb number?

     Vastus

     Singular. “Each of the samples was labeled.” The subject is “each.”

108. Kaart 108

     Küsimus

     Between versus among?

     Vastus

     Use “between” for distinct individual relationships and “among” for a group without separate pairings.

109. Kaart 109

     Küsimus

     Rhetorical question in an argument?

     Vastus

     It can frame the issue or prompt the reader to consider an implied answer; it is not evidence by itself.

110. Kaart 110

     Küsimus

     Claim before or after support?

     Vastus

     Place it where the rhetorical goal is clearest: before evidence for a direct point, or after evidence for an evidence-led conclusion.

111. Kaart 111

     Küsimus

     Restrictive “that” versus nonrestrictive “which”?

     Vastus

     Use “that” without commas for essential information; use “which” with commas for removable information.

112. Kaart 112

     Küsimus

     Present perfect use?

     Vastus

     Use it for an action connected to the present or continuing to now. Example: “The team has tracked rainfall since May.”

113. Kaart 113

     Küsimus

     Two texts reach the same conclusion with different evidence. Relationship?

     Vastus

     They agree in conclusion but support it through different evidence.

114. Kaart 114

     Küsimus

     Group related ideas in a synthesis?

     Vastus

     Keep facts serving the same point together, then signal the move to a new point.

115. Kaart 115

     Küsimus

     Compound modifier before a noun?

     Vastus

     Hyphenate it when needed for clarity. Example: “a well-designed study.”

116. Kaart 116

     Küsimus

     Affect or effect?

     Vastus

     “Affect” is usually a verb meaning influence; “effect” is usually a noun meaning result.

117. Kaart 117

     Küsimus

     Two texts offer incompatible explanations. Relationship?

     Vastus

     They disagree about the cause or interpretation, even if they share the same observations.

118. Kaart 118

     Küsimus

     Replace a vague pronoun in synthesis?

     Vastus

     Use the precise noun when two or more possible antecedents could confuse the reader.

119. Kaart 119

     Küsimus

     Comma-separated list?

     Vastus

     Use commas between three or more parallel items. A final serial comma can prevent ambiguity.

120. Kaart 120

     Küsimus

     Main clause before a dependent clause?

     Vastus

     Usually no comma when the dependent clause is essential. Example: “The match continued although rain fell.”

121. Kaart 121

     Küsimus

     Two authors use the same evidence but different assumptions. Key difference?

     Vastus

     Their perspectives or interpretive frameworks, not the underlying evidence.

122. Kaart 122

     Küsimus

     Independent clauses joined with a coordinating conjunction?

     Vastus

     Place a comma before the conjunction. Example: “The sensor failed, so the team repeated the trial.”

123. Kaart 123

     Küsimus

     Introductory transition?

     Vastus

     Follow it with a comma when it modifies the whole sentence. Example: “However, the second trial succeeded.”

124. Kaart 124

     Küsimus

     Pronoun–antecedent agreement?

     Vastus

     Match number and make the reference clear. Singular “they” is standard when a person's gender is unknown or irrelevant.

125. Kaart 125

     Küsimus

     Paired em dashes?

     Vastus

     Use them to set off an emphatic interruption. Both dashes are needed when the sentence continues after it.

126. Kaart 126

     Küsimus

     How does new evidence relate to an earlier claim?

     Vastus

     It may support, weaken, qualify, or leave the claim unchanged. Match the evidence to the exact claim.

127. Kaart 127

     Küsimus

     Their, there, or they're?

     Vastus

     “Their” is possessive, “there” refers to place or existence, and “they're” means “they are.”

128. Kaart 128

     Küsimus

     Good or well?

     Vastus

     “Good” is usually an adjective; “well” is usually an adverb. A person can feel good and perform well.

129. Kaart 129

     Küsimus

     Appositive naming the same noun?

     Vastus

     Set a nonessential appositive off with commas. Example: “Dr. Rao, the lead author, presented the findings.”

130. Kaart 130

     Küsimus

     Why use an analogy?

     Vastus

     To clarify an unfamiliar idea through a relevant similarity to something more familiar.

131. Kaart 131

     Küsimus

     Than or then?

     Vastus

     “Than” makes a comparison; “then” refers to time or consequence.

132. Kaart 132

     Küsimus

     Hypothetical contrary-to-fact “if” clause?

     Vastus

     Use subjunctive “were.” Example: “If the sample were larger, the estimate would be steadier.”

133. Kaart 133

     Küsimus

     Plural noun with no possession?

     Vastus

     Do not add an apostrophe. Write “three sensors,” not “three sensor's.”

134. Kaart 134

     Küsimus

     Neutral, evidence-led wording indicates what tone?

     Vastus

     Objective. It emphasizes information rather than strong personal judgment.

135. Kaart 135

     Küsimus

     Complex list with internal commas?

     Vastus

     Use semicolons between the main items. Example: “Lima, Peru; Accra, Ghana; and Hanoi, Vietnam.”

136. Kaart 136

     Küsimus

     Ambiguous pronoun?

     Vastus

     A pronoun with more than one plausible antecedent. Replace it with the intended noun.

137. Kaart 137

     Küsimus

     Parentheses around nonessential information?

     Vastus

     Use them for an aside that is less central than the main sentence. The sentence must remain grammatical without it.

138. Kaart 138

     Küsimus

     Repeated doubt about the evidence indicates what tone?

     Vastus

     Skeptical. The writer questions whether a claim is adequately supported.

139. Kaart 139

     Küsimus

     Superlative comparison?

     Vastus

     Use it for one member against a group of three or more. Example: “the fastest of the four methods.”

140. Kaart 140

     Küsimus

     Pronoun after a preposition?

     Vastus

     Use the object form. Write “between you and me,” not “between you and I.”

141. Kaart 141

     Küsimus

     Apostrophe in a contraction?

     Vastus

     It marks omitted letters. Example: “can't” contracts “cannot,” and “they're” contracts “they are.”

142. Kaart 142

     Küsimus

     Coordinate-adjective test?

     Vastus

     If “and” works between the adjectives and their order can reverse, use a comma between them.

143. Kaart 143

     Küsimus

     Double comparative?

     Vastus

     Use only one comparative marker. Write “more efficient” or “faster,” not “more faster.”

144. Kaart 144

     Küsimus

     Lie or lay?

     Vastus

     “Lie” means recline and takes no object; “lay” means place and takes an object. Present: lie/lay; past: lay/laid.

145. Kaart 145

     Küsimus

     Who's or whose?

     Vastus

     “Who's” means “who is” or “who has”; “whose” is possessive.

146. Kaart 146

     Küsimus

     Standard comparison with “different”?

     Vastus

     Use “different from.” Example: “This result is different from the earlier estimate.”

147. Kaart 147

     Küsimus

     Paired construction with two endpoints?

     Vastus

     Use “between” with “and”: “between 10 and 15,” not “between 10 to 15.”

148. Kaart 148

     Küsimus

     Verb mood in a coordinated idea?

     Vastus

     Keep the mood consistent unless the meaning changes. Do not shift from a command to a statement without reason.

149. Kaart 149

     Küsimus

     Possessive pronoun apostrophe?

     Vastus

     Do not use one. Write “hers,” “ours,” “yours,” and “theirs.”

150. Kaart 150

     Küsimus

     Comma between a preposition and its object?

     Vastus

     Do not use one. Keep the prepositional phrase intact: “in the final report,” not “in, the final report.”

     

     300 kaarti

     Digital SAT Flashcards: Math, Grammar & Words in Context

     Õpi seda kaardipakki tasuta

     Nibomo avaneb, et saaksid õppimist alustada.

151. Kaart 151

     Küsimus

     Solve $ax+b=c$ for $x$, where $a≠0$.

     Vastus

     $x=(c-b)/a$. Subtract $b$ first, then divide by $a$.

152. Kaart 152

     Küsimus

     Product of powers with the same base?

     Vastus

     $a^m a^n=a^{m+n}$. Keep the base and add the exponents.

153. Kaart 153

     Küsimus

     Unit rate?

     Vastus

     The amount per 1 unit. Divide both quantities by the same value so the denominator becomes 1.

154. Kaart 154

     Küsimus

     Rectangle area?

     Vastus

     $A=lw$, where $l$ is length and $w$ is width.

155. Kaart 155

     Küsimus

     Slope from two points?

     Vastus

     $m=(y_2-y_1)/(x_2-x_1)$. Subtract coordinates in the same order.

156. Kaart 156

     Küsimus

     Quotient of powers with the same base?

     Vastus

     $a^m/a^n=a^{m-n}$ for $a≠0$.

157. Kaart 157

     Küsimus

     Conversion factor setup?

     Vastus

     Multiply by a ratio equal to 1, with the unwanted unit placed to cancel.

158. Kaart 158

     Küsimus

     Triangle area?

     Vastus

     $A=(1/2)bh$. The height must be perpendicular to the chosen base.

159. Kaart 159

     Küsimus

     Slope-intercept form?

     Vastus

     $y=mx+b$, where $m$ is the slope and $b$ is the y-intercept.

160. Kaart 160

     Küsimus

     Power raised to a power?

     Vastus

     $(a^m)^n=a^{mn}$. Multiply the exponents.

161. Kaart 161

     Küsimus

     Dimensional analysis check?

     Vastus

     Cancel units algebraically. The units left at the end should match the quantity requested.

162. Kaart 162

     Küsimus

     Trapezoid area?

     Vastus

     $A=(1/2)(b_1+b_2)h$. The height is perpendicular to the parallel bases.

163. Kaart 163

     Küsimus

     Point-slope form?

     Vastus

     $y-y_1=m(x-x_1)$. Use a known point $(x_1,y_1)$ and the slope $m$.

164. Kaart 164

     Küsimus

     Negative exponent?

     Vastus

     $a^{-n}=1/a^n$ for $a≠0$.

165. Kaart 165

     Küsimus

     Constant of proportionality in $y=kx$?

     Vastus

     $k=y/x$ for $x≠0$. It is also the unit rate and slope.

166. Kaart 166

     Küsimus

     Circle area?

     Vastus

     $A=πr^2$.

167. Kaart 167

     Küsimus

     Intercepts from $Ax+By=C$?

     Vastus

     Set $y=0$ for the x-intercept and set $x=0$ for the y-intercept.

168. Kaart 168

     Küsimus

     Fractional exponent?

     Vastus

     $a^{m/n}$ means the nth root of $a^m$. For example, $a^{1/2}=√a$.

169. Kaart 169

     Küsimus

     Scale drawing length?

     Vastus

     Use a proportion with corresponding lengths in the same order, then apply the stated scale factor.

170. Kaart 170

     Küsimus

     Circle circumference?

     Vastus

     $C=2πr=πd$.

171. Kaart 171

     Küsimus

     Parallel nonvertical lines: slope relationship?

     Vastus

     They have equal slopes. Distinct parallel lines have different intercepts.

172. Kaart 172

     Küsimus

     Difference of squares?

     Vastus

     $a^2-b^2=(a-b)(a+b)$.

173. Kaart 173

     Küsimus

     Percent change?

     Vastus

     New minus original, divided by the original, then multiplied by 100 percent. The original value is the denominator.

174. Kaart 174

     Küsimus

     Arc length from central angle $θ$ in degrees?

     Vastus

     $L=(θ/360)(2πr)$.

175. Kaart 175

     Küsimus

     Perpendicular nonvertical lines: slope relationship?

     Vastus

     Their slopes are negative reciprocals, so $m_1m_2=-1$.

176. Kaart 176

     Küsimus

     Perfect-square trinomial pattern?

     Vastus

     $a^2+2ab+b^2=(a+b)^2$ and $a^2-2ab+b^2=(a-b)^2$.

177. Kaart 177

     Küsimus

     Increase by $r$ percent: multiplier?

     Vastus

     $1+r/100$. Multiply the original value by this factor.

178. Kaart 178

     Küsimus

     Sector area from central angle $θ$ in degrees?

     Vastus

     $A=(θ/360)(πr^2)$.

179. Kaart 179

     Küsimus

     x-intercept of a graph?

     Vastus

     A point where $y=0$ and the graph meets the x-axis.

180. Kaart 180

     Küsimus

     First step in factoring $ax^2+bx+c$?

     Vastus

     Look for common factors and two binomials whose product reproduces the middle and constant terms.

181. Kaart 181

     Küsimus

     Original value after a 20 percent increase to 84?

     Vastus

     70. Divide the final value by the multiplier: $84/1.20=70$.

182. Kaart 182

     Küsimus

     Triangle interior-angle sum?

     Vastus

     $180°$.

183. Kaart 183

     Küsimus

     y-intercept of a graph?

     Vastus

     A point where $x=0$ and the graph meets the y-axis.

184. Kaart 184

     Küsimus

     Roots from $(x-p)(x-q)=0$?

     Vastus

     $x=p$ or $x=q$, by the zero-product property.

185. Kaart 185

     Küsimus

     Weighted average?

     Vastus

     Sum of each value times its weight, divided by the sum of the weights. Do not take a simple average of unequal groups.

186. Kaart 186

     Küsimus

     Exterior angle of a triangle?

     Vastus

     It equals the sum of the two remote interior angles.

187. Kaart 187

     Küsimus

     Line through two points?

     Vastus

     Find the slope, then substitute either point into point-slope or slope-intercept form.

188. Kaart 188

     Küsimus

     Quadratic formula?

     Vastus

     $x=(-b±√(b^2-4ac))/(2a)$ for $ax^2+bx+c=0$.

189. Kaart 189

     Küsimus

     Arithmetic mean?

     Vastus

     Add all values and divide by the number of values.

190. Kaart 190

     Küsimus

     Parallel lines cut by a transversal: alternate interior angles?

     Vastus

     They are congruent.

191. Kaart 191

     Küsimus

     Slope's units in context?

     Vastus

     Output units per input unit. In $y$ versus $x$, slope units are y-units divided by x-units.

192. Kaart 192

     Küsimus

     What does $b^2-4ac$ tell you?

     Vastus

     The number of real solutions: positive gives two, zero gives one, and negative gives none.

193. Kaart 193

     Küsimus

     Median?

     Vastus

     The middle value after ordering the data; for an even count, average the two middle values.

194. Kaart 194

     Küsimus

     Similar triangles: corresponding sides?

     Vastus

     They are proportional. Match sides opposite equal angles.

195. Kaart 195

     Küsimus

     Direct variation model?

     Vastus

     $y=kx$. It is linear and passes through the origin.

196. Kaart 196

     Küsimus

     Vertex x-coordinate of $ax^2+bx+c$?

     Vastus

     $x=-b/(2a)$.

197. Kaart 197

     Küsimus

     Range of a data set?

     Vastus

     Maximum minus minimum.

198. Kaart 198

     Küsimus

     Scale factor $k$: area factor?

     Vastus

     $k^2$. Lengths scale by $k$, while areas scale by the square of $k$.

199. Kaart 199

     Küsimus

     Solution of a two-line system?

     Vastus

     The intersection point, whose coordinates satisfy both equations.

200. Kaart 200

     Küsimus

     Vertex form of a quadratic?

     Vastus

     $y=a(x-h)^2+k$, with vertex $(h,k)$.

201. Kaart 201

     Küsimus

     Interquartile range?

     Vastus

     $IQR=Q_3-Q_1$. It measures the spread of the middle half of the data.

202. Kaart 202

     Küsimus

     Pythagorean theorem?

     Vastus

     $a^2+b^2=c^2$ for a right triangle, where $c$ is the hypotenuse.

203. Kaart 203

     Küsimus

     Substitution in a system?

     Vastus

     Solve one equation for a variable and replace that variable in the other equation.

204. Kaart 204

     Küsimus

     Axis of symmetry of $y=a(x-h)^2+k$?

     Vastus

     $x=h$.

205. Kaart 205

     Küsimus

     Larger standard deviation means what?

     Vastus

     The data are more spread out around the mean.

206. Kaart 206

     Küsimus

     45°-45°-90° side ratio?

     Vastus

     $1:1:√2$. The hypotenuse is a leg times $√2$.

207. Kaart 207

     Küsimus

     Elimination in a system?

     Vastus

     Add or subtract equations so one variable cancels, then solve for the other.

208. Kaart 208

     Küsimus

     Completing the square?

     Vastus

     For $x^2+bx$, add $(b/2)^2$ to form $(x+b/2)^2$.

209. Kaart 209

     Küsimus

     Effect of a high outlier on the mean?

     Vastus

     It usually pulls the mean upward. The median is often less affected.

210. Kaart 210

     Küsimus

     30°-60°-90° side ratio?

     Vastus

     $1:√3:2$, opposite $30°$, $60°$, and $90°$ respectively.

211. Kaart 211

     Küsimus

     Parallel lines in a system?

     Vastus

     No solution when they are distinct: equal slopes and different intercepts.

212. Kaart 212

     Küsimus

     Sum and product of roots of $ax^2+bx+c=0$?

     Vastus

     Sum $=-b/a$ and product $=c/a$.

213. Kaart 213

     Küsimus

     Add the same constant to every data value: effect?

     Vastus

     The mean and median increase by that constant; measures of spread stay unchanged.

214. Kaart 214

     Küsimus

     Right-triangle sine?

     Vastus

     Sine of $θ$ equals opposite over hypotenuse.

215. Kaart 215

     Küsimus

     Same line written two ways in a system?

     Vastus

     Infinitely many solutions. Simplifying either equation produces the other.

216. Kaart 216

     Küsimus

     Remainder when $P(x)$ is divided by $x-a$?

     Vastus

     $P(a)$, by the Remainder Theorem.

217. Kaart 217

     Küsimus

     Multiply every data value by positive $k$: effect?

     Vastus

     The mean, median, range, IQR, and standard deviation are all multiplied by $k$.

218. Kaart 218

     Küsimus

     Right-triangle cosine?

     Vastus

     Cosine of $θ$ equals adjacent over hypotenuse.

219. Kaart 219

     Küsimus

     Multiply or divide an inequality by a negative number?

     Vastus

     Reverse the inequality sign.

220. Kaart 220

     Küsimus

     When is $x-a$ a factor of $P(x)$?

     Vastus

     When $P(a)=0$, by the Factor Theorem.

221. Kaart 221

     Küsimus

     Joint probability from a two-way table?

     Vastus

     Divide the count in the intersection cell by the grand total.

222. Kaart 222

     Küsimus

     Right-triangle tangent?

     Vastus

     Tangent of $θ$ equals opposite over adjacent.

223. Kaart 223

     Küsimus

     Compound inequality with “and”?

     Vastus

     Use the intersection: values that satisfy both inequalities.

224. Kaart 224

     Küsimus

     Even degree with positive leading coefficient: end behavior?

     Vastus

     Both ends rise: $P(x)→∞$ as $x→±∞$.

225. Kaart 225

     Küsimus

     Conditional probability $P(A|B)$?

     Vastus

     $P(A∩B)/P(B)$. Restrict the denominator to outcomes in $B$.

226. Kaart 226

     Küsimus

     Complementary acute angles: sine–cosine relationship?

     Vastus

     The sine of $θ$ equals the cosine of $90°-θ$.

227. Kaart 227

     Küsimus

     Compound inequality with “or”?

     Vastus

     Use the union: values that satisfy at least one inequality.

228. Kaart 228

     Küsimus

     Odd degree with positive leading coefficient: end behavior?

     Vastus

     The left end falls and the right end rises.

229. Kaart 229

     Küsimus

     Independent events $A$ and $B$?

     Vastus

     $P(A∩B)=P(A)P(B)$. Knowing one occurred does not change the probability of the other.

230. Kaart 230

     Küsimus

     Distance between $(x_1,y_1)$ and $(x_2,y_2)$?

     Vastus

     $√((x_2-x_1)^2+(y_2-y_1)^2)$.

231. Kaart 231

     Küsimus

     Solve $|x-a|=b$ for $b≥0$.

     Vastus

     $x-a=b$ or $x-a=-b$. Absolute value represents distance from $a$.

232. Kaart 232

     Küsimus

     Exponential growth model?

     Vastus

     $y=a(1+r)^t$, where $a$ is the initial value and $r$ is the growth rate per period.

233. Kaart 233

     Küsimus

     Mutually exclusive events?

     Vastus

     They cannot occur together, so $P(A∪B)=P(A)+P(B)$.

234. Kaart 234

     Küsimus

     Midpoint of two points?

     Vastus

     $((x_1+x_2)/2,(y_1+y_2)/2)$.

235. Kaart 235

     Küsimus

     Solve $|x-a|<b$ for $b>0$.

     Vastus

     $a-b<x<a+b$. The solution lies within distance $b$ of $a$.

236. Kaart 236

     Küsimus

     Exponential decay model?

     Vastus

     $y=a(1-r)^t$, where $0<r<1$ is the decay rate per period.

237. Kaart 237

     Küsimus

     Complement rule?

     Vastus

     The probability that $A$ does not occur is $1-P(A)$.

238. Kaart 238

     Küsimus

     Circle with center $(h,k)$ and radius $r$?

     Vastus

     $(x-h)^2+(y-k)^2=r^2$.

239. Kaart 239

     Küsimus

     Evaluate $f(a)$?

     Vastus

     Substitute $a$ for every input variable in the function rule, then simplify.

240. Kaart 240

     Küsimus

     Growth factor 1.08: percent growth rate?

     Vastus

     8 percent. Subtract 1 and convert the decimal to a percent.

241. Kaart 241

     Küsimus

     Representative random sample permits what conclusion?

     Vastus

     A cautious generalization from the sample to the population it represents.

242. Kaart 242

     Küsimus

     Radius from $(x-h)^2+(y-k)^2=R$?

     Vastus

     $r=√R$, provided $R>0$.

243. Kaart 243

     Küsimus

     Linear table: constant slope check?

     Vastus

     Equal changes in $x$ must produce equal changes in $y$; compare $Δy/Δx$ across intervals.

244. Kaart 244

     Küsimus

     Decay factor 0.73: percent decrease?

     Vastus

     27 percent. Compute $1-0.73=0.27$.

245. Kaart 245

     Küsimus

     Random assignment permits what causal claim?

     Vastus

     If the experiment is well controlled, differences between treatment groups can support a causal conclusion.

246. Kaart 246

     Küsimus

     Radius and tangent at the contact point?

     Vastus

     They are perpendicular.

247. Kaart 247

     Küsimus

     Positive slope means what for a linear function?

     Vastus

     The output increases as the input increases.

248. Kaart 248

     Küsimus

     Solve $3^{2x}=3^{10}$.

     Vastus

     $x=5$. Equal positive bases other than 1 have equal exponents.

249. Kaart 249

     Küsimus

     Observational study supports causation?

     Vastus

     No. It can show association, but uncontrolled confounding variables may explain the pattern.

250. Kaart 250

     Küsimus

     Rectangular-prism volume?

     Vastus

     $V=lwh$, or base area times height.

251. Kaart 251

     Küsimus

     Arithmetic sequence common difference?

     Vastus

     Subtract consecutive terms: $d=a_n-a_{n-1}$.

252. Kaart 252

     Küsimus

     Compound interest formula?

     Vastus

     $A=P(1+r/n)^{nt}$, where $n$ is the number of compounding periods per year.

253. Kaart 253

     Küsimus

     Larger random sample: effect on margin of error?

     Vastus

     It generally decreases the margin of error when the sampling method stays sound.

254. Kaart 254

     Küsimus

     Cylinder volume?

     Vastus

     $V=πr^2h$.

255. Kaart 255

     Küsimus

     Arithmetic sequence nth term?

     Vastus

     $a_n=a_1+(n-1)d$.

256. Kaart 256

     Küsimus

     Rational expression: first domain check?

     Vastus

     Exclude values that make any original denominator zero, even if a factor later cancels.

257. Kaart 257

     Küsimus

     Slope of a line of best fit?

     Vastus

     The predicted change in the response variable for each 1-unit increase in the explanatory variable.

258. Kaart 258

     Küsimus

     Cone volume?

     Vastus

     $V=(1/3)πr^2h$.

259. Kaart 259

     Küsimus

     Solve a literal equation for one variable?

     Vastus

     Treat the other symbols as constants and use inverse operations to isolate the target variable.

260. Kaart 260

     Küsimus

     Why check rational-equation solutions?

     Vastus

     Clearing denominators can produce a value excluded from the original equation. Reject any value that makes an original denominator zero.

261. Kaart 261

     Küsimus

     Residual?

     Vastus

     Actual value minus predicted value. A positive residual means the point lies above the model.

262. Kaart 262

     Küsimus

     Sphere volume?

     Vastus

     $V=(4/3)πr^3$.

263. Kaart 263

     Küsimus

     Boundary for a two-variable linear inequality?

     Vastus

     Replace the inequality with equality to draw the boundary line, then test a point for the shaded side.

264. Kaart 264

     Küsimus

     Why check a solution after squaring both sides?

     Vastus

     Squaring can introduce an extraneous solution. Substitute each candidate into the original radical equation.

265. Kaart 265

     Küsimus

     Positive correlation?

     Vastus

     Larger values of one variable tend to occur with larger values of the other. It does not prove causation.

266. Kaart 266

     Küsimus

     Rectangular-prism surface area?

     Vastus

     $SA=2(lw+lh+wh)$.

267. Kaart 267

     Küsimus

     Check a proposed system solution?

     Vastus

     Substitute the ordered pair into both original equations. It must make both true.

268. Kaart 268

     Küsimus

     Simplify $√72$.

     Vastus

     $6√2$. Factor $72=36×2$ and take $√36$ outside the radical.

269. Kaart 269

     Küsimus

     Extrapolation risk?

     Vastus

     A model may not keep the same pattern outside the observed data range.

270. Kaart 270

     Küsimus

     Area scale factor when lengths double?

     Vastus

     4. Area scales with the square of the length factor: $2^2=4$.

271. Kaart 271

     Küsimus

     Horizontal line slope?

     Vastus

     0. Its y-value does not change as x changes.

272. Kaart 272

     Küsimus

     Inverse function setup?

     Vastus

     Write $y=f(x)$, swap $x$ and $y$, then solve for $y$. Restrict the domain when needed to make the inverse a function.

273. Kaart 273

     Küsimus

     Percentage points versus percent change?

     Vastus

     A rate moving from 40 percent to 50 percent rises 10 percentage points but 25 percent relative to 40.

274. Kaart 274

     Küsimus

     y-intercept in a context?

     Vastus

     The predicted or initial output when the input is zero; check whether zero is meaningful in the situation.

275. Kaart 275

     Küsimus

     Quadratic maximum or minimum from vertex form?

     Vastus

     The vertex value is $k$ in $a(x-h)^2+k$; it is a minimum if $a>0$ and a maximum if $a<0$.

276. Kaart 276

     Küsimus

     Line parallel to $y=mx+b$ through $(p,q)$?

     Vastus

     $y-q=m(x-p)$. Parallel lines keep the same slope.

277. Kaart 277

     Küsimus

     Graph of $f(x-h)+k$?

     Vastus

     Shift the graph of $f$ right $h$ units and up $k$ units.

278. Kaart 278

     Küsimus

     Population versus sample?

     Vastus

     The population is the full group of interest; a sample is the subset actually observed.

279. Kaart 279

     Küsimus

     Linear model from initial value $b$ and rate $m$?

     Vastus

     $y=mx+b$. The initial value is the output at input zero.

280. Kaart 280

     Küsimus

     Function composition $(f∘g)(x)$?

     Vastus

     $f(g(x))$. Evaluate the inner function $g$ first.

281. Kaart 281

     Küsimus

     Density?

     Vastus

     Mass divided by volume. Keep the units consistent.

282. Kaart 282

     Küsimus

     Vertical line slope?

     Vastus

     Undefined because $Δx=0$, which would require division by zero.

283. Kaart 283

     Küsimus

     Nonlinear system with one equation solved for $y$?

     Vastus

     Substitute that expression for $y$ into the other equation, solve for $x$, then find each matching $y$.

284. Kaart 284

     Küsimus

     Weighted percentage across unequal groups?

     Vastus

     Convert each percentage to a count or weight, add the successes, then divide by the combined total.

285. Kaart 285

     Küsimus

     Line perpendicular to a nonzero finite slope $m$ through $(p,q)$?

     Vastus

     Use slope $-1/m$ in $y-q=(-1/m)(x-p)$, when $m$ is nonzero and finite.

286. Kaart 286

     Küsimus

     Cancel a common factor in a rational expression?

     Vastus

     Cancel factors, not terms, and keep every restriction from the original denominator.

287. Kaart 287

     Küsimus

     Solve a linear equation containing fractions?

     Vastus

     Multiply every term by the least common denominator first, then solve the resulting linear equation.

288. Kaart 288

     Küsimus

     Rewrite $a^{2x}$ using base $a^x$.

     Vastus

     $(a^x)^2$. This can turn an exponential expression into a quadratic form.

289. Kaart 289

     Küsimus

     Rate units check?

     Vastus

     Write the numerator and denominator units explicitly, such as kilometers per hour, then convert only if the requested units differ.

290. Kaart 290

     Küsimus

     Strict versus inclusive inequality endpoint?

     Vastus

     Use an open point for $<$ or $>$ and a closed point for $≤$ or $≥$.

291. Kaart 291

     Küsimus

     Even-multiplicity zero on a graph?

     Vastus

     The graph touches the x-axis and turns around; it does not cross there.

292. Kaart 292

     Küsimus

     System word problem: first setup step?

     Vastus

     Define the variables with units, then translate two independent relationships into equations.

293. Kaart 293

     Küsimus

     When does a quadratic have exactly one real solution?

     Vastus

     When $b^2-4ac=0$. The repeated root is the vertex's x-coordinate.

294. Kaart 294

     Küsimus

     Two-way table: denominator for “among group B”?

     Vastus

     Use the total for group B, not the grand total. The wording makes B the condition.

295. Kaart 295

     Küsimus

     Find an input when $f(x)=k$.

     Vastus

     Set the function rule equal to $k$ and solve for $x$; there may be zero, one, or several inputs.

296. Kaart 296

     Küsimus

     Graph of $-f(x)$?

     Vastus

     Reflect the graph of $f(x)$ across the x-axis.

297. Kaart 297

     Küsimus

     Three consecutive integers starting with $n$?

     Vastus

     $n$, $n+1$, and $n+2$.

298. Kaart 298

     Küsimus

     Line–parabola intersections from a substituted quadratic?

     Vastus

     Use its discriminant: positive means two intersections, zero one tangent intersection, and negative none.

299. Kaart 299

     Küsimus

     Linear equation with no solution: coefficient pattern?

     Vastus

     After simplification, the variable terms cancel and leave a false statement, such as $0=5$.

300. Kaart 300

     Küsimus

     Zeros of a function on its graph?

     Vastus

     The x-coordinates where the graph meets the x-axis, so $f(x)=0$.

300 kaarti

Digital SAT Flashcards: Math, Grammar & Words in Context

Õpi seda kaardipakki tasuta

Nibomo avaneb, et saaksid õppimist alustada.