Digital SAT Flashcards: Math, Grammar & Words in Context

Kartice u ovom špilu

1. Kartica 1

   Pitanje

   Central idea of a passage?

   Odgovor

   The passage's main claim or controlling point. It should cover the whole passage, not one striking detail.

2. Kartica 2

   Pitanje

   The shade trees mitigated the midday heat. Meaning of “mitigated”?

   Odgovor

   Reduced. The trees made the heat less severe.

3. Kartica 3

   Pitanje

   The first plan was affordable. However, it took twice as long. What relationship does “However” signal?

   Odgovor

   Contrast. The second statement differs from or qualifies the first.

4. Kartica 4

   Pitanje

   Three standard joins for two independent clauses?

   Odgovor

   A period, a semicolon, or a comma plus a coordinating conjunction. Each side must be a complete sentence.

5. Kartica 5

   Pitanje

   Best supporting detail?

   Odgovor

   The detail that most directly proves the claim. Relevance matters more than how vivid or surprising it is.

6. Kartica 6

   Pitanje

   A second archive corroborated the diary's date. Meaning of “corroborated”?

   Odgovor

   Confirmed with supporting evidence.

7. Kartica 7

   Pitanje

   Every member of set A is even. Nine is odd; therefore, nine is not in set A. What relationship does “therefore” signal?

   Odgovor

   Conclusion from a reason. The final statement follows logically from the stated premises.

8. Kartica 8

   Pitanje

   Introductory dependent clause before a main clause?

   Odgovor

   Use a comma after the dependent clause. Example: “Although rain fell, the match continued.”

9. Kartica 9

   Pitanje

   Valid inference?

   Odgovor

   A conclusion that must follow, or that most reasonably follows, from the stated evidence. Avoid assumptions the text never supports.

10. Kartica 10

    Pitanje

    The team called its result tentative until replication. Meaning of “tentative”?

    Odgovor

    Provisional or not yet certain.

11. Kartica 11

    Pitanje

    Several materials block sound. For example, thick felt absorbs echoes. What relationship does “For example” signal?

    Odgovor

    Illustration. The second statement gives a specific case of the broader point.

12. Kartica 12

    Pitanje

    Singular subject with an intervening prepositional phrase?

    Odgovor

    Use a singular verb. Example: “The box of samples is sealed.” The phrase “of samples” does not change the subject.

13. Kartica 13

    Pitanje

    Strongest textual evidence?

    Odgovor

    The quotation or detail that most directly supports the target claim, with the fewest extra assumptions.

14. Kartica 14

    Pitanje

    The error had a negligible effect on the total. Meaning of “negligible”?

    Odgovor

    So small that it is not important.

15. Kartica 15

    Pitanje

    The first route avoids steep hills. Similarly, the second stays nearly level. What relationship does “Similarly” signal?

    Odgovor

    Similarity. The second statement matches the first in a relevant way.

16. Kartica 16

    Pitanje

    Opening modifier placement?

    Odgovor

    Place the noun being modified immediately after the opening phrase. Example: “Walking home, Lena noticed the mural.”

17. Kartica 17

    Pitanje

    Quantitative evidence for a claim?

    Odgovor

    Use the value, comparison, or trend that directly tests the claim, including the correct units and baseline.

18. Kartica 18

    Pitanje

    The lab used a conventional method before testing a new one. Meaning of “conventional”?

    Odgovor

    Traditional or commonly accepted.

19. Kartica 19

    Pitanje

    Mira checked the figures. Meanwhile, Omar revised the caption. What relationship does “Meanwhile” signal?

    Odgovor

    Simultaneous events. The second event happens at the same time as the first.

20. Kartica 20

    Pitanje

    Singular possessive noun?

    Odgovor

    Usually add apostrophe + s. Example: “the scientist's notebook.”

21. Kartica 21

    Pitanje

    Trend in a table or graph?

    Odgovor

    State what changes, in which direction, and across which interval. Do not turn a pattern into a cause without evidence.

22. Kartica 22

    Pitanje

    The essay offered a novel explanation for the pattern. Meaning of “novel”?

    Odgovor

    New or original in this context.

23. Kartica 23

    Pitanje

    The device was old. Nevertheless, it performed reliably. What relationship does “Nevertheless” signal?

    Odgovor

    Concession. The second statement remains true despite the limitation in the first.

24. Kartica 24

    Pitanje

    Parallel items in a series?

    Odgovor

    Use the same grammatical form for each item. Example: “to collect, analyze, and report data.”

25. Kartica 25

    Pitanje

    Claim stronger than the evidence?

    Odgovor

    Qualify the claim. Limited evidence can support “may” or “suggests,” not an absolute conclusion.

26. Kartica 26

    Pitanje

    Her account is plausible because it matches the records. Meaning of “plausible”?

    Odgovor

    Reasonable or believable.

27. Kartica 27

    Pitanje

    The plan cuts costs. Moreover, it shortens delivery time. What relationship does “Moreover” signal?

    Odgovor

    Addition. The second statement adds a related supporting point.

28. Kartica 28

    Pitanje

    Colon before an explanation or list?

    Odgovor

    Use it only after a complete independent clause. Example: “The kit needs three items: tape, gloves, and labels.”

29. Kartica 29

    Pitanje

    Claim versus evidence?

    Odgovor

    A claim is the point being argued; evidence is the information used to support it.

30. Kartica 30

    Pitanje

    The memo's ambiguous wording allowed two readings. Meaning of “ambiguous”?

    Odgovor

    Open to more than one interpretation.

31. Kartica 31

    Pitanje

    The team didn't replace the sensor. Instead, it recalibrated the existing one. What relationship does “Instead” signal?

    Odgovor

    Replacement. The second statement substitutes one action for another.

32. Kartica 32

    Pitanje

    Count nouns versus mass nouns?

    Odgovor

    Use “fewer” with countable items and “less” with amounts. Example: fewer errors, less noise.

33. Kartica 33

    Pitanje

    Effect of a counterexample?

    Odgovor

    It weakens a universal claim by showing at least one case where the claim fails.

34. Kartica 34

    Pitanje

    Rainfall was sporadic: brief showers interrupted long dry periods. Meaning of “sporadic”?

    Odgovor

    Irregular and occasional.

35. Kartica 35

    Pitanje

    The seedlings grew indoors. Subsequently, workers moved them outside. What relationship does “Subsequently” signal?

    Odgovor

    Later step in a sequence. The second event occurs after the first.

36. Kartica 36

    Pitanje

    Essential clause punctuation?

    Odgovor

    Do not surround an essential clause with commas. It identifies which person or thing the sentence means.

37. Kartica 37

    Pitanje

    Correlation alone proves causation?

    Odgovor

    No. A relationship between variables does not by itself show that one caused the other.

38. Kartica 38

    Pitanje

    Subsequent trials produced the same result. Meaning of “subsequent”?

    Odgovor

    Coming later in time.

39. Kartica 39

    Pitanje

    The coating is hydrophobic. In other words, it repels water. What relationship does “In other words” signal?

    Odgovor

    Restatement for clarity. The second statement rephrases the first.

40. Kartica 40

    Pitanje

    Verb tense across a paragraph?

    Odgovor

    Keep the time frame consistent unless the timing actually changes.

41. Kartica 41

    Pitanje

    Missing information in a data claim?

    Odgovor

    Look for the baseline, sample size, units, comparison group, or time interval needed to judge the claim.

42. Kartica 42

    Pitanje

    The coating helps the fabric retain heat. Meaning of “retain”?

    Odgovor

    Keep or continue to hold.

43. Kartica 43

    Pitanje

    The repair requires specialized tools. Specifically, it needs a torque wrench. What relationship does “Specifically” signal?

    Odgovor

    General-to-specific detail. The second statement narrows the broad first statement.

44. Kartica 44

    Pitanje

    Coordinate adjectives?

    Odgovor

    Separate them with a comma when their order can switch and “and” can fit between them. Example: “a clear, concise note.”

45. Kartica 45

    Pitanje

    Two sources on the same event?

    Odgovor

    Compare the exact claims, evidence, scope, and perspective. Shared topic does not guarantee agreement.

46. Kartica 46

    Pitanje

    The survey was designed to elicit candid responses. Meaning of “elicit”?

    Odgovor

    Draw out or bring forth.

47. Kartica 47

    Pitanje

    Heavy rain loosened the soil. Consequently, the trail closed. What relationship does “Consequently” signal?

    Odgovor

    Cause and effect. The second statement is an outcome of the first.

48. Kartica 48

    Pitanje

    Sentence fragment?

    Odgovor

    A group of words missing an independent clause. Attach it to a complete sentence or supply the missing subject and verb.

49. Kartica 49

    Pitanje

    Inference from a narrow sample?

    Odgovor

    Limit the conclusion to the population the sample can represent. Do not generalize beyond the evidence.

50. Kartica 50

    Pitanje

    Cost was the main constraint on the project. Meaning of “constraint”?

    Odgovor

    A limit or restriction.

51. Kartica 51

    Pitanje

    Early results conflicted. Ultimately, the team accepted the model. What relationship does “Ultimately” signal?

    Odgovor

    Overall conclusion. The second statement gives the final judgment after earlier considerations.

52. Kartica 52

    Pitanje

    Conjunctive adverb between independent clauses?

    Odgovor

    Use a semicolon before it and a comma after it. Example: “The route was longer; however, it was safer.”

53. Kartica 53

    Pitanje

    Most accurate summary?

    Odgovor

    State the central idea and its essential support without adding opinions or minor details.

54. Kartica 54

    Pitanje

    The review was comprehensive, covering every recorded case. Meaning of “comprehensive”?

    Odgovor

    Complete and wide-ranging.

55. Kartica 55

    Pitanje

    The method is efficient. Indeed, it cuts processing time in half. What relationship does “Indeed” signal?

    Odgovor

    Emphasis and confirmation. The second statement reinforces the first with a stronger detail.

56. Kartica 56

    Pitanje

    Who versus whom?

    Odgovor

    Use “who” as a subject and “whom” as an object. Test with he/him: “whom” matches “him.”

57. Kartica 57

    Pitanje

    Evidence that best resolves a disagreement?

    Odgovor

    Choose evidence that tests the specific point on which the sources differ, not a fact both already accept.

58. Kartica 58

    Pitanje

    The two materials have distinct properties. Meaning of “distinct”?

    Odgovor

    Clearly different or separate.

59. Kartica 59

    Pitanje

    The forecast warned of rain. Still, the outdoor concert began on time. What relationship does “Still” signal?

    Odgovor

    Concession. The second statement remains true despite the obstacle in the first.

60. Kartica 60

    Pitanje

    Comma before an introduced direct quotation?

    Odgovor

    Use a comma after a speech tag. Example: “Mina wrote, ‘The sample is ready.’”

61. Kartica 61

    Pitanje

    The conclusion was qualified by two important exceptions. Meaning of “qualified”?

    Odgovor

    Limited or modified, rather than stated without conditions.

62. Kartica 62

    Pitanje

    Notes for a synthesis goal?

    Odgovor

    Use only facts that directly serve the stated goal. Relevant notes can be omitted if they do not help that purpose.

63. Kartica 63

    Pitanje

    Comma splice?

    Odgovor

    Two independent clauses joined only by a comma. Replace it with a period or semicolon, or add a coordinating conjunction.

64. Kartica 64

    Pitanje

    Comma between subject and verb?

    Odgovor

    Do not use one unless an interrupting phrase requires paired commas. “The results of the trial were clear” takes no comma after “trial.”

65. Kartica 65

    Pitanje

    The new sensor made the older model obsolete. Meaning of “obsolete”?

    Odgovor

    No longer useful or current because something newer replaced it.

66. Kartica 66

    Pitanje

    Source attribution in a synthesis?

    Odgovor

    Name the source when its identity, authority, or perspective matters to the rhetorical goal.

67. Kartica 67

    Pitanje

    Compound subject joined by “and”?

    Odgovor

    Use a plural verb in the usual case. Example: “The map and the notes are useful.”

68. Kartica 68

    Pitanje

    Dangling opening modifier?

    Odgovor

    It lacks the intended doer immediately after the modifier. Rewrite so the doer becomes the subject.

69. Kartica 69

    Pitanje

    Researchers derived the estimate from three measurements. Meaning of “derived”?

    Odgovor

    Obtained from a source or calculation.

70. Kartica 70

    Pitanje

    Chronological synthesis?

    Odgovor

    Order events by time and use dates or sequence words only when they help the reader follow the progression.

71. Kartica 71

    Pitanje

    Plural noun ending in s: possessive form?

    Odgovor

    Add an apostrophe after the existing s. Example: “the researchers' notes.”

72. Kartica 72

    Pitanje

    Logical comparison?

    Odgovor

    Compare like with like. Example: compare one city's rainfall with another city's rainfall, not with the city itself.

73. Kartica 73

    Pitanje

    The article advocates preserving the wetland. Meaning of “advocates”?

    Odgovor

    Publicly supports or argues for.

74. Kartica 74

    Pitanje

    Compare evidence from two studies?

    Odgovor

    State the shared measure first, then the relevant difference in result, method, or population.

75. Kartica 75

    Pitanje

    Colon after an incomplete lead-in?

    Odgovor

    Do not use one. A colon must follow a complete clause, so “The reasons include:” is incorrect.

76. Kartica 76

    Pitanje

    Number versus amount?

    Odgovor

    Use “number” for countable items and “amount” for uncountable quantities. Example: number of files, amount of water.

77. Kartica 77

    Pitanje

    Portable chargers are now ubiquitous on long trips. Meaning of “ubiquitous”?

    Odgovor

    Present or found almost everywhere.

78. Kartica 78

    Pitanje

    Synthesis that emphasizes a difference?

    Odgovor

    Use the same comparison point for both subjects, then state the contrast directly.

79. Kartica 79

    Pitanje

    Nonessential clause or phrase?

    Odgovor

    Set it off with paired commas. The sentence should keep its core identity and meaning when the phrase is removed.

80. Kartica 80

    Pitanje

    Earlier of two past actions?

    Odgovor

    Use past perfect when the sequence needs clarification. Example: “The team had left before the storm began.”

81. Kartica 81

    Pitanje

    Sentence 2 presents an exception to sentence 1. Its function?

    Odgovor

    It qualifies the first claim by limiting when or how broadly it applies.

82. Kartica 82

    Pitanje

    Rhetorical goal: define a term?

    Odgovor

    Give the term's relevant meaning before using details or examples that depend on it.

83. Kartica 83

    Pitanje

    Cumulative adjectives?

    Odgovor

    Do not separate them with a comma when each adjective builds on the next. Example: “three small glass jars.”

84. Kartica 84

    Pitanje

    Run-on sentence?

    Odgovor

    Independent clauses joined without valid punctuation or a conjunction. Add a period, semicolon, or comma plus coordinating conjunction.

85. Kartica 85

    Pitanje

    Sentence 2 gives a specific case after a general claim. Its function?

    Odgovor

    It illustrates the claim with an example.

86. Kartica 86

    Pitanje

    Introduce a quotation in a synthesis?

    Odgovor

    Give enough source and context to show why the quotation matters; do not leave it unattached.

87. Kartica 87

    Pitanje

    Relative pronoun for people?

    Odgovor

    Use “who” or “whom,” depending on case. Example: “the engineer who designed the bridge.”

88. Kartica 88

    Pitanje

    Integrated quotation punctuation?

    Odgovor

    Do not add a comma when the quotation completes the grammar of the sentence. Example: The report calls the result “unexpected.”

89. Kartica 89

    Pitanje

    Sentence 2 admits a limitation before defending the claim. Its function?

    Odgovor

    It makes a concession, showing that the writer recognizes a complication.

90. Kartica 90

    Pitanje

    Avoid redundancy in synthesis?

    Odgovor

    State each needed idea once. Prefer the version that preserves meaning with fewer repeated words.

91. Kartica 91

    Pitanje

    Semicolon between two independent clauses?

    Odgovor

    Use it without a coordinating conjunction when the ideas are closely related. Example: “The trial ended; the analysis began.”

92. Kartica 92

    Pitanje

    Comma in a compound predicate?

    Odgovor

    Usually omit it when one subject performs both actions. Example: “The team collected the samples and recorded the temperature.”

93. Kartica 93

    Pitanje

    Sentence 2 explains what a technical term means. Its function?

    Odgovor

    It defines or clarifies the term.

94. Kartica 94

    Pitanje

    Combine two related sentences?

    Odgovor

    Make the logical relationship explicit and remove repeated material without changing the facts.

95. Kartica 95

    Pitanje

    Either/or subject agreement?

    Odgovor

    Make the verb agree with the nearer subject. Example: “Either the notes or the map is missing.”

96. Kartica 96

    Pitanje

    Active versus passive voice?

    Odgovor

    Choose the voice that fits the focus. Active highlights the doer; passive can highlight the action or receiver.

97. Kartica 97

    Pitanje

    Sentence 2 describes the outcome of sentence 1. Its function?

    Odgovor

    It presents an effect or consequence.

98. Kartica 98

    Pitanje

    Formal academic register?

    Odgovor

    Use precise, neutral wording and avoid slang, vague intensifiers, and chatty asides unless the goal calls for them.

99. Kartica 99

    Pitanje

    Its or it's?

    Odgovor

    “Its” is possessive; “it's” means “it is” or “it has.”

100. Kartica 100

     Pitanje

     Adjective versus adverb?

     Odgovor

     An adjective modifies a noun; an adverb usually modifies a verb, adjective, or adverb. Example: a careful test; test carefully.

101. Kartica 101

     Pitanje

     A study reports a result without arguing for a policy. Author's purpose?

     Odgovor

     To inform or explain, not necessarily to persuade.

102. Kartica 102

     Pitanje

     Concise synthesis?

     Odgovor

     Keep every fact needed for the rhetorical goal and remove details that repeat or distract from it.

103. Kartica 103

     Pitanje

     Single dash for emphasis?

     Odgovor

     Use it after a complete thought to spotlight a final explanation or turn. Example: “One result stood out—the oldest sample.”

104. Kartica 104

     Pitanje

     Comma with direct address?

     Odgovor

     Set off the person being addressed. Example: “Rina, please check the units.”

105. Kartica 105

     Pitanje

     Why acknowledge a limitation?

     Odgovor

     To define the claim's boundary and show how the evidence should be interpreted.

106. Kartica 106

     Pitanje

     Quantitative comparison in a synthesis?

     Odgovor

     Name both values, the shared unit, and the direction or size of the difference.

107. Kartica 107

     Pitanje

     Each of the samples: verb number?

     Odgovor

     Singular. “Each of the samples was labeled.” The subject is “each.”

108. Kartica 108

     Pitanje

     Between versus among?

     Odgovor

     Use “between” for distinct individual relationships and “among” for a group without separate pairings.

109. Kartica 109

     Pitanje

     Rhetorical question in an argument?

     Odgovor

     It can frame the issue or prompt the reader to consider an implied answer; it is not evidence by itself.

110. Kartica 110

     Pitanje

     Claim before or after support?

     Odgovor

     Place it where the rhetorical goal is clearest: before evidence for a direct point, or after evidence for an evidence-led conclusion.

111. Kartica 111

     Pitanje

     Restrictive “that” versus nonrestrictive “which”?

     Odgovor

     Use “that” without commas for essential information; use “which” with commas for removable information.

112. Kartica 112

     Pitanje

     Present perfect use?

     Odgovor

     Use it for an action connected to the present or continuing to now. Example: “The team has tracked rainfall since May.”

113. Kartica 113

     Pitanje

     Two texts reach the same conclusion with different evidence. Relationship?

     Odgovor

     They agree in conclusion but support it through different evidence.

114. Kartica 114

     Pitanje

     Group related ideas in a synthesis?

     Odgovor

     Keep facts serving the same point together, then signal the move to a new point.

115. Kartica 115

     Pitanje

     Compound modifier before a noun?

     Odgovor

     Hyphenate it when needed for clarity. Example: “a well-designed study.”

116. Kartica 116

     Pitanje

     Affect or effect?

     Odgovor

     “Affect” is usually a verb meaning influence; “effect” is usually a noun meaning result.

117. Kartica 117

     Pitanje

     Two texts offer incompatible explanations. Relationship?

     Odgovor

     They disagree about the cause or interpretation, even if they share the same observations.

118. Kartica 118

     Pitanje

     Replace a vague pronoun in synthesis?

     Odgovor

     Use the precise noun when two or more possible antecedents could confuse the reader.

119. Kartica 119

     Pitanje

     Comma-separated list?

     Odgovor

     Use commas between three or more parallel items. A final serial comma can prevent ambiguity.

120. Kartica 120

     Pitanje

     Main clause before a dependent clause?

     Odgovor

     Usually no comma when the dependent clause is essential. Example: “The match continued although rain fell.”

121. Kartica 121

     Pitanje

     Two authors use the same evidence but different assumptions. Key difference?

     Odgovor

     Their perspectives or interpretive frameworks, not the underlying evidence.

122. Kartica 122

     Pitanje

     Independent clauses joined with a coordinating conjunction?

     Odgovor

     Place a comma before the conjunction. Example: “The sensor failed, so the team repeated the trial.”

123. Kartica 123

     Pitanje

     Introductory transition?

     Odgovor

     Follow it with a comma when it modifies the whole sentence. Example: “However, the second trial succeeded.”

124. Kartica 124

     Pitanje

     Pronoun–antecedent agreement?

     Odgovor

     Match number and make the reference clear. Singular “they” is standard when a person's gender is unknown or irrelevant.

125. Kartica 125

     Pitanje

     Paired em dashes?

     Odgovor

     Use them to set off an emphatic interruption. Both dashes are needed when the sentence continues after it.

126. Kartica 126

     Pitanje

     How does new evidence relate to an earlier claim?

     Odgovor

     It may support, weaken, qualify, or leave the claim unchanged. Match the evidence to the exact claim.

127. Kartica 127

     Pitanje

     Their, there, or they're?

     Odgovor

     “Their” is possessive, “there” refers to place or existence, and “they're” means “they are.”

128. Kartica 128

     Pitanje

     Good or well?

     Odgovor

     “Good” is usually an adjective; “well” is usually an adverb. A person can feel good and perform well.

129. Kartica 129

     Pitanje

     Appositive naming the same noun?

     Odgovor

     Set a nonessential appositive off with commas. Example: “Dr. Rao, the lead author, presented the findings.”

130. Kartica 130

     Pitanje

     Why use an analogy?

     Odgovor

     To clarify an unfamiliar idea through a relevant similarity to something more familiar.

131. Kartica 131

     Pitanje

     Than or then?

     Odgovor

     “Than” makes a comparison; “then” refers to time or consequence.

132. Kartica 132

     Pitanje

     Hypothetical contrary-to-fact “if” clause?

     Odgovor

     Use subjunctive “were.” Example: “If the sample were larger, the estimate would be steadier.”

133. Kartica 133

     Pitanje

     Plural noun with no possession?

     Odgovor

     Do not add an apostrophe. Write “three sensors,” not “three sensor's.”

134. Kartica 134

     Pitanje

     Neutral, evidence-led wording indicates what tone?

     Odgovor

     Objective. It emphasizes information rather than strong personal judgment.

135. Kartica 135

     Pitanje

     Complex list with internal commas?

     Odgovor

     Use semicolons between the main items. Example: “Lima, Peru; Accra, Ghana; and Hanoi, Vietnam.”

136. Kartica 136

     Pitanje

     Ambiguous pronoun?

     Odgovor

     A pronoun with more than one plausible antecedent. Replace it with the intended noun.

137. Kartica 137

     Pitanje

     Parentheses around nonessential information?

     Odgovor

     Use them for an aside that is less central than the main sentence. The sentence must remain grammatical without it.

138. Kartica 138

     Pitanje

     Repeated doubt about the evidence indicates what tone?

     Odgovor

     Skeptical. The writer questions whether a claim is adequately supported.

139. Kartica 139

     Pitanje

     Superlative comparison?

     Odgovor

     Use it for one member against a group of three or more. Example: “the fastest of the four methods.”

140. Kartica 140

     Pitanje

     Pronoun after a preposition?

     Odgovor

     Use the object form. Write “between you and me,” not “between you and I.”

141. Kartica 141

     Pitanje

     Apostrophe in a contraction?

     Odgovor

     It marks omitted letters. Example: “can't” contracts “cannot,” and “they're” contracts “they are.”

142. Kartica 142

     Pitanje

     Coordinate-adjective test?

     Odgovor

     If “and” works between the adjectives and their order can reverse, use a comma between them.

143. Kartica 143

     Pitanje

     Double comparative?

     Odgovor

     Use only one comparative marker. Write “more efficient” or “faster,” not “more faster.”

144. Kartica 144

     Pitanje

     Lie or lay?

     Odgovor

     “Lie” means recline and takes no object; “lay” means place and takes an object. Present: lie/lay; past: lay/laid.

145. Kartica 145

     Pitanje

     Who's or whose?

     Odgovor

     “Who's” means “who is” or “who has”; “whose” is possessive.

146. Kartica 146

     Pitanje

     Standard comparison with “different”?

     Odgovor

     Use “different from.” Example: “This result is different from the earlier estimate.”

147. Kartica 147

     Pitanje

     Paired construction with two endpoints?

     Odgovor

     Use “between” with “and”: “between 10 and 15,” not “between 10 to 15.”

148. Kartica 148

     Pitanje

     Verb mood in a coordinated idea?

     Odgovor

     Keep the mood consistent unless the meaning changes. Do not shift from a command to a statement without reason.

149. Kartica 149

     Pitanje

     Possessive pronoun apostrophe?

     Odgovor

     Do not use one. Write “hers,” “ours,” “yours,” and “theirs.”

150. Kartica 150

     Pitanje

     Comma between a preposition and its object?

     Odgovor

     Do not use one. Keep the prepositional phrase intact: “in the final report,” not “in, the final report.”

     

     300 kartica

     Digital SAT Flashcards: Math, Grammar & Words in Context

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151. Kartica 151

     Pitanje

     Solve $ax+b=c$ for $x$, where $a≠0$.

     Odgovor

     $x=(c-b)/a$. Subtract $b$ first, then divide by $a$.

152. Kartica 152

     Pitanje

     Product of powers with the same base?

     Odgovor

     $a^m a^n=a^{m+n}$. Keep the base and add the exponents.

153. Kartica 153

     Pitanje

     Unit rate?

     Odgovor

     The amount per 1 unit. Divide both quantities by the same value so the denominator becomes 1.

154. Kartica 154

     Pitanje

     Rectangle area?

     Odgovor

     $A=lw$, where $l$ is length and $w$ is width.

155. Kartica 155

     Pitanje

     Slope from two points?

     Odgovor

     $m=(y_2-y_1)/(x_2-x_1)$. Subtract coordinates in the same order.

156. Kartica 156

     Pitanje

     Quotient of powers with the same base?

     Odgovor

     $a^m/a^n=a^{m-n}$ for $a≠0$.

157. Kartica 157

     Pitanje

     Conversion factor setup?

     Odgovor

     Multiply by a ratio equal to 1, with the unwanted unit placed to cancel.

158. Kartica 158

     Pitanje

     Triangle area?

     Odgovor

     $A=(1/2)bh$. The height must be perpendicular to the chosen base.

159. Kartica 159

     Pitanje

     Slope-intercept form?

     Odgovor

     $y=mx+b$, where $m$ is the slope and $b$ is the y-intercept.

160. Kartica 160

     Pitanje

     Power raised to a power?

     Odgovor

     $(a^m)^n=a^{mn}$. Multiply the exponents.

161. Kartica 161

     Pitanje

     Dimensional analysis check?

     Odgovor

     Cancel units algebraically. The units left at the end should match the quantity requested.

162. Kartica 162

     Pitanje

     Trapezoid area?

     Odgovor

     $A=(1/2)(b_1+b_2)h$. The height is perpendicular to the parallel bases.

163. Kartica 163

     Pitanje

     Point-slope form?

     Odgovor

     $y-y_1=m(x-x_1)$. Use a known point $(x_1,y_1)$ and the slope $m$.

164. Kartica 164

     Pitanje

     Negative exponent?

     Odgovor

     $a^{-n}=1/a^n$ for $a≠0$.

165. Kartica 165

     Pitanje

     Constant of proportionality in $y=kx$?

     Odgovor

     $k=y/x$ for $x≠0$. It is also the unit rate and slope.

166. Kartica 166

     Pitanje

     Circle area?

     Odgovor

     $A=πr^2$.

167. Kartica 167

     Pitanje

     Intercepts from $Ax+By=C$?

     Odgovor

     Set $y=0$ for the x-intercept and set $x=0$ for the y-intercept.

168. Kartica 168

     Pitanje

     Fractional exponent?

     Odgovor

     $a^{m/n}$ means the nth root of $a^m$. For example, $a^{1/2}=√a$.

169. Kartica 169

     Pitanje

     Scale drawing length?

     Odgovor

     Use a proportion with corresponding lengths in the same order, then apply the stated scale factor.

170. Kartica 170

     Pitanje

     Circle circumference?

     Odgovor

     $C=2πr=πd$.

171. Kartica 171

     Pitanje

     Parallel nonvertical lines: slope relationship?

     Odgovor

     They have equal slopes. Distinct parallel lines have different intercepts.

172. Kartica 172

     Pitanje

     Difference of squares?

     Odgovor

     $a^2-b^2=(a-b)(a+b)$.

173. Kartica 173

     Pitanje

     Percent change?

     Odgovor

     New minus original, divided by the original, then multiplied by 100 percent. The original value is the denominator.

174. Kartica 174

     Pitanje

     Arc length from central angle $θ$ in degrees?

     Odgovor

     $L=(θ/360)(2πr)$.

175. Kartica 175

     Pitanje

     Perpendicular nonvertical lines: slope relationship?

     Odgovor

     Their slopes are negative reciprocals, so $m_1m_2=-1$.

176. Kartica 176

     Pitanje

     Perfect-square trinomial pattern?

     Odgovor

     $a^2+2ab+b^2=(a+b)^2$ and $a^2-2ab+b^2=(a-b)^2$.

177. Kartica 177

     Pitanje

     Increase by $r$ percent: multiplier?

     Odgovor

     $1+r/100$. Multiply the original value by this factor.

178. Kartica 178

     Pitanje

     Sector area from central angle $θ$ in degrees?

     Odgovor

     $A=(θ/360)(πr^2)$.

179. Kartica 179

     Pitanje

     x-intercept of a graph?

     Odgovor

     A point where $y=0$ and the graph meets the x-axis.

180. Kartica 180

     Pitanje

     First step in factoring $ax^2+bx+c$?

     Odgovor

     Look for common factors and two binomials whose product reproduces the middle and constant terms.

181. Kartica 181

     Pitanje

     Original value after a 20 percent increase to 84?

     Odgovor

     70. Divide the final value by the multiplier: $84/1.20=70$.

182. Kartica 182

     Pitanje

     Triangle interior-angle sum?

     Odgovor

     $180°$.

183. Kartica 183

     Pitanje

     y-intercept of a graph?

     Odgovor

     A point where $x=0$ and the graph meets the y-axis.

184. Kartica 184

     Pitanje

     Roots from $(x-p)(x-q)=0$?

     Odgovor

     $x=p$ or $x=q$, by the zero-product property.

185. Kartica 185

     Pitanje

     Weighted average?

     Odgovor

     Sum of each value times its weight, divided by the sum of the weights. Do not take a simple average of unequal groups.

186. Kartica 186

     Pitanje

     Exterior angle of a triangle?

     Odgovor

     It equals the sum of the two remote interior angles.

187. Kartica 187

     Pitanje

     Line through two points?

     Odgovor

     Find the slope, then substitute either point into point-slope or slope-intercept form.

188. Kartica 188

     Pitanje

     Quadratic formula?

     Odgovor

     $x=(-b±√(b^2-4ac))/(2a)$ for $ax^2+bx+c=0$.

189. Kartica 189

     Pitanje

     Arithmetic mean?

     Odgovor

     Add all values and divide by the number of values.

190. Kartica 190

     Pitanje

     Parallel lines cut by a transversal: alternate interior angles?

     Odgovor

     They are congruent.

191. Kartica 191

     Pitanje

     Slope's units in context?

     Odgovor

     Output units per input unit. In $y$ versus $x$, slope units are y-units divided by x-units.

192. Kartica 192

     Pitanje

     What does $b^2-4ac$ tell you?

     Odgovor

     The number of real solutions: positive gives two, zero gives one, and negative gives none.

193. Kartica 193

     Pitanje

     Median?

     Odgovor

     The middle value after ordering the data; for an even count, average the two middle values.

194. Kartica 194

     Pitanje

     Similar triangles: corresponding sides?

     Odgovor

     They are proportional. Match sides opposite equal angles.

195. Kartica 195

     Pitanje

     Direct variation model?

     Odgovor

     $y=kx$. It is linear and passes through the origin.

196. Kartica 196

     Pitanje

     Vertex x-coordinate of $ax^2+bx+c$?

     Odgovor

     $x=-b/(2a)$.

197. Kartica 197

     Pitanje

     Range of a data set?

     Odgovor

     Maximum minus minimum.

198. Kartica 198

     Pitanje

     Scale factor $k$: area factor?

     Odgovor

     $k^2$. Lengths scale by $k$, while areas scale by the square of $k$.

199. Kartica 199

     Pitanje

     Solution of a two-line system?

     Odgovor

     The intersection point, whose coordinates satisfy both equations.

200. Kartica 200

     Pitanje

     Vertex form of a quadratic?

     Odgovor

     $y=a(x-h)^2+k$, with vertex $(h,k)$.

201. Kartica 201

     Pitanje

     Interquartile range?

     Odgovor

     $IQR=Q_3-Q_1$. It measures the spread of the middle half of the data.

202. Kartica 202

     Pitanje

     Pythagorean theorem?

     Odgovor

     $a^2+b^2=c^2$ for a right triangle, where $c$ is the hypotenuse.

203. Kartica 203

     Pitanje

     Substitution in a system?

     Odgovor

     Solve one equation for a variable and replace that variable in the other equation.

204. Kartica 204

     Pitanje

     Axis of symmetry of $y=a(x-h)^2+k$?

     Odgovor

     $x=h$.

205. Kartica 205

     Pitanje

     Larger standard deviation means what?

     Odgovor

     The data are more spread out around the mean.

206. Kartica 206

     Pitanje

     45°-45°-90° side ratio?

     Odgovor

     $1:1:√2$. The hypotenuse is a leg times $√2$.

207. Kartica 207

     Pitanje

     Elimination in a system?

     Odgovor

     Add or subtract equations so one variable cancels, then solve for the other.

208. Kartica 208

     Pitanje

     Completing the square?

     Odgovor

     For $x^2+bx$, add $(b/2)^2$ to form $(x+b/2)^2$.

209. Kartica 209

     Pitanje

     Effect of a high outlier on the mean?

     Odgovor

     It usually pulls the mean upward. The median is often less affected.

210. Kartica 210

     Pitanje

     30°-60°-90° side ratio?

     Odgovor

     $1:√3:2$, opposite $30°$, $60°$, and $90°$ respectively.

211. Kartica 211

     Pitanje

     Parallel lines in a system?

     Odgovor

     No solution when they are distinct: equal slopes and different intercepts.

212. Kartica 212

     Pitanje

     Sum and product of roots of $ax^2+bx+c=0$?

     Odgovor

     Sum $=-b/a$ and product $=c/a$.

213. Kartica 213

     Pitanje

     Add the same constant to every data value: effect?

     Odgovor

     The mean and median increase by that constant; measures of spread stay unchanged.

214. Kartica 214

     Pitanje

     Right-triangle sine?

     Odgovor

     Sine of $θ$ equals opposite over hypotenuse.

215. Kartica 215

     Pitanje

     Same line written two ways in a system?

     Odgovor

     Infinitely many solutions. Simplifying either equation produces the other.

216. Kartica 216

     Pitanje

     Remainder when $P(x)$ is divided by $x-a$?

     Odgovor

     $P(a)$, by the Remainder Theorem.

217. Kartica 217

     Pitanje

     Multiply every data value by positive $k$: effect?

     Odgovor

     The mean, median, range, IQR, and standard deviation are all multiplied by $k$.

218. Kartica 218

     Pitanje

     Right-triangle cosine?

     Odgovor

     Cosine of $θ$ equals adjacent over hypotenuse.

219. Kartica 219

     Pitanje

     Multiply or divide an inequality by a negative number?

     Odgovor

     Reverse the inequality sign.

220. Kartica 220

     Pitanje

     When is $x-a$ a factor of $P(x)$?

     Odgovor

     When $P(a)=0$, by the Factor Theorem.

221. Kartica 221

     Pitanje

     Joint probability from a two-way table?

     Odgovor

     Divide the count in the intersection cell by the grand total.

222. Kartica 222

     Pitanje

     Right-triangle tangent?

     Odgovor

     Tangent of $θ$ equals opposite over adjacent.

223. Kartica 223

     Pitanje

     Compound inequality with “and”?

     Odgovor

     Use the intersection: values that satisfy both inequalities.

224. Kartica 224

     Pitanje

     Even degree with positive leading coefficient: end behavior?

     Odgovor

     Both ends rise: $P(x)→∞$ as $x→±∞$.

225. Kartica 225

     Pitanje

     Conditional probability $P(A|B)$?

     Odgovor

     $P(A∩B)/P(B)$. Restrict the denominator to outcomes in $B$.

226. Kartica 226

     Pitanje

     Complementary acute angles: sine–cosine relationship?

     Odgovor

     The sine of $θ$ equals the cosine of $90°-θ$.

227. Kartica 227

     Pitanje

     Compound inequality with “or”?

     Odgovor

     Use the union: values that satisfy at least one inequality.

228. Kartica 228

     Pitanje

     Odd degree with positive leading coefficient: end behavior?

     Odgovor

     The left end falls and the right end rises.

229. Kartica 229

     Pitanje

     Independent events $A$ and $B$?

     Odgovor

     $P(A∩B)=P(A)P(B)$. Knowing one occurred does not change the probability of the other.

230. Kartica 230

     Pitanje

     Distance between $(x_1,y_1)$ and $(x_2,y_2)$?

     Odgovor

     $√((x_2-x_1)^2+(y_2-y_1)^2)$.

231. Kartica 231

     Pitanje

     Solve $|x-a|=b$ for $b≥0$.

     Odgovor

     $x-a=b$ or $x-a=-b$. Absolute value represents distance from $a$.

232. Kartica 232

     Pitanje

     Exponential growth model?

     Odgovor

     $y=a(1+r)^t$, where $a$ is the initial value and $r$ is the growth rate per period.

233. Kartica 233

     Pitanje

     Mutually exclusive events?

     Odgovor

     They cannot occur together, so $P(A∪B)=P(A)+P(B)$.

234. Kartica 234

     Pitanje

     Midpoint of two points?

     Odgovor

     $((x_1+x_2)/2,(y_1+y_2)/2)$.

235. Kartica 235

     Pitanje

     Solve $|x-a|<b$ for $b>0$.

     Odgovor

     $a-b<x<a+b$. The solution lies within distance $b$ of $a$.

236. Kartica 236

     Pitanje

     Exponential decay model?

     Odgovor

     $y=a(1-r)^t$, where $0<r<1$ is the decay rate per period.

237. Kartica 237

     Pitanje

     Complement rule?

     Odgovor

     The probability that $A$ does not occur is $1-P(A)$.

238. Kartica 238

     Pitanje

     Circle with center $(h,k)$ and radius $r$?

     Odgovor

     $(x-h)^2+(y-k)^2=r^2$.

239. Kartica 239

     Pitanje

     Evaluate $f(a)$?

     Odgovor

     Substitute $a$ for every input variable in the function rule, then simplify.

240. Kartica 240

     Pitanje

     Growth factor 1.08: percent growth rate?

     Odgovor

     8 percent. Subtract 1 and convert the decimal to a percent.

241. Kartica 241

     Pitanje

     Representative random sample permits what conclusion?

     Odgovor

     A cautious generalization from the sample to the population it represents.

242. Kartica 242

     Pitanje

     Radius from $(x-h)^2+(y-k)^2=R$?

     Odgovor

     $r=√R$, provided $R>0$.

243. Kartica 243

     Pitanje

     Linear table: constant slope check?

     Odgovor

     Equal changes in $x$ must produce equal changes in $y$; compare $Δy/Δx$ across intervals.

244. Kartica 244

     Pitanje

     Decay factor 0.73: percent decrease?

     Odgovor

     27 percent. Compute $1-0.73=0.27$.

245. Kartica 245

     Pitanje

     Random assignment permits what causal claim?

     Odgovor

     If the experiment is well controlled, differences between treatment groups can support a causal conclusion.

246. Kartica 246

     Pitanje

     Radius and tangent at the contact point?

     Odgovor

     They are perpendicular.

247. Kartica 247

     Pitanje

     Positive slope means what for a linear function?

     Odgovor

     The output increases as the input increases.

248. Kartica 248

     Pitanje

     Solve $3^{2x}=3^{10}$.

     Odgovor

     $x=5$. Equal positive bases other than 1 have equal exponents.

249. Kartica 249

     Pitanje

     Observational study supports causation?

     Odgovor

     No. It can show association, but uncontrolled confounding variables may explain the pattern.

250. Kartica 250

     Pitanje

     Rectangular-prism volume?

     Odgovor

     $V=lwh$, or base area times height.

251. Kartica 251

     Pitanje

     Arithmetic sequence common difference?

     Odgovor

     Subtract consecutive terms: $d=a_n-a_{n-1}$.

252. Kartica 252

     Pitanje

     Compound interest formula?

     Odgovor

     $A=P(1+r/n)^{nt}$, where $n$ is the number of compounding periods per year.

253. Kartica 253

     Pitanje

     Larger random sample: effect on margin of error?

     Odgovor

     It generally decreases the margin of error when the sampling method stays sound.

254. Kartica 254

     Pitanje

     Cylinder volume?

     Odgovor

     $V=πr^2h$.

255. Kartica 255

     Pitanje

     Arithmetic sequence nth term?

     Odgovor

     $a_n=a_1+(n-1)d$.

256. Kartica 256

     Pitanje

     Rational expression: first domain check?

     Odgovor

     Exclude values that make any original denominator zero, even if a factor later cancels.

257. Kartica 257

     Pitanje

     Slope of a line of best fit?

     Odgovor

     The predicted change in the response variable for each 1-unit increase in the explanatory variable.

258. Kartica 258

     Pitanje

     Cone volume?

     Odgovor

     $V=(1/3)πr^2h$.

259. Kartica 259

     Pitanje

     Solve a literal equation for one variable?

     Odgovor

     Treat the other symbols as constants and use inverse operations to isolate the target variable.

260. Kartica 260

     Pitanje

     Why check rational-equation solutions?

     Odgovor

     Clearing denominators can produce a value excluded from the original equation. Reject any value that makes an original denominator zero.

261. Kartica 261

     Pitanje

     Residual?

     Odgovor

     Actual value minus predicted value. A positive residual means the point lies above the model.

262. Kartica 262

     Pitanje

     Sphere volume?

     Odgovor

     $V=(4/3)πr^3$.

263. Kartica 263

     Pitanje

     Boundary for a two-variable linear inequality?

     Odgovor

     Replace the inequality with equality to draw the boundary line, then test a point for the shaded side.

264. Kartica 264

     Pitanje

     Why check a solution after squaring both sides?

     Odgovor

     Squaring can introduce an extraneous solution. Substitute each candidate into the original radical equation.

265. Kartica 265

     Pitanje

     Positive correlation?

     Odgovor

     Larger values of one variable tend to occur with larger values of the other. It does not prove causation.

266. Kartica 266

     Pitanje

     Rectangular-prism surface area?

     Odgovor

     $SA=2(lw+lh+wh)$.

267. Kartica 267

     Pitanje

     Check a proposed system solution?

     Odgovor

     Substitute the ordered pair into both original equations. It must make both true.

268. Kartica 268

     Pitanje

     Simplify $√72$.

     Odgovor

     $6√2$. Factor $72=36×2$ and take $√36$ outside the radical.

269. Kartica 269

     Pitanje

     Extrapolation risk?

     Odgovor

     A model may not keep the same pattern outside the observed data range.

270. Kartica 270

     Pitanje

     Area scale factor when lengths double?

     Odgovor

     4. Area scales with the square of the length factor: $2^2=4$.

271. Kartica 271

     Pitanje

     Horizontal line slope?

     Odgovor

     0. Its y-value does not change as x changes.

272. Kartica 272

     Pitanje

     Inverse function setup?

     Odgovor

     Write $y=f(x)$, swap $x$ and $y$, then solve for $y$. Restrict the domain when needed to make the inverse a function.

273. Kartica 273

     Pitanje

     Percentage points versus percent change?

     Odgovor

     A rate moving from 40 percent to 50 percent rises 10 percentage points but 25 percent relative to 40.

274. Kartica 274

     Pitanje

     y-intercept in a context?

     Odgovor

     The predicted or initial output when the input is zero; check whether zero is meaningful in the situation.

275. Kartica 275

     Pitanje

     Quadratic maximum or minimum from vertex form?

     Odgovor

     The vertex value is $k$ in $a(x-h)^2+k$; it is a minimum if $a>0$ and a maximum if $a<0$.

276. Kartica 276

     Pitanje

     Line parallel to $y=mx+b$ through $(p,q)$?

     Odgovor

     $y-q=m(x-p)$. Parallel lines keep the same slope.

277. Kartica 277

     Pitanje

     Graph of $f(x-h)+k$?

     Odgovor

     Shift the graph of $f$ right $h$ units and up $k$ units.

278. Kartica 278

     Pitanje

     Population versus sample?

     Odgovor

     The population is the full group of interest; a sample is the subset actually observed.

279. Kartica 279

     Pitanje

     Linear model from initial value $b$ and rate $m$?

     Odgovor

     $y=mx+b$. The initial value is the output at input zero.

280. Kartica 280

     Pitanje

     Function composition $(f∘g)(x)$?

     Odgovor

     $f(g(x))$. Evaluate the inner function $g$ first.

281. Kartica 281

     Pitanje

     Density?

     Odgovor

     Mass divided by volume. Keep the units consistent.

282. Kartica 282

     Pitanje

     Vertical line slope?

     Odgovor

     Undefined because $Δx=0$, which would require division by zero.

283. Kartica 283

     Pitanje

     Nonlinear system with one equation solved for $y$?

     Odgovor

     Substitute that expression for $y$ into the other equation, solve for $x$, then find each matching $y$.

284. Kartica 284

     Pitanje

     Weighted percentage across unequal groups?

     Odgovor

     Convert each percentage to a count or weight, add the successes, then divide by the combined total.

285. Kartica 285

     Pitanje

     Line perpendicular to a nonzero finite slope $m$ through $(p,q)$?

     Odgovor

     Use slope $-1/m$ in $y-q=(-1/m)(x-p)$, when $m$ is nonzero and finite.

286. Kartica 286

     Pitanje

     Cancel a common factor in a rational expression?

     Odgovor

     Cancel factors, not terms, and keep every restriction from the original denominator.

287. Kartica 287

     Pitanje

     Solve a linear equation containing fractions?

     Odgovor

     Multiply every term by the least common denominator first, then solve the resulting linear equation.

288. Kartica 288

     Pitanje

     Rewrite $a^{2x}$ using base $a^x$.

     Odgovor

     $(a^x)^2$. This can turn an exponential expression into a quadratic form.

289. Kartica 289

     Pitanje

     Rate units check?

     Odgovor

     Write the numerator and denominator units explicitly, such as kilometers per hour, then convert only if the requested units differ.

290. Kartica 290

     Pitanje

     Strict versus inclusive inequality endpoint?

     Odgovor

     Use an open point for $<$ or $>$ and a closed point for $≤$ or $≥$.

291. Kartica 291

     Pitanje

     Even-multiplicity zero on a graph?

     Odgovor

     The graph touches the x-axis and turns around; it does not cross there.

292. Kartica 292

     Pitanje

     System word problem: first setup step?

     Odgovor

     Define the variables with units, then translate two independent relationships into equations.

293. Kartica 293

     Pitanje

     When does a quadratic have exactly one real solution?

     Odgovor

     When $b^2-4ac=0$. The repeated root is the vertex's x-coordinate.

294. Kartica 294

     Pitanje

     Two-way table: denominator for “among group B”?

     Odgovor

     Use the total for group B, not the grand total. The wording makes B the condition.

295. Kartica 295

     Pitanje

     Find an input when $f(x)=k$.

     Odgovor

     Set the function rule equal to $k$ and solve for $x$; there may be zero, one, or several inputs.

296. Kartica 296

     Pitanje

     Graph of $-f(x)$?

     Odgovor

     Reflect the graph of $f(x)$ across the x-axis.

297. Kartica 297

     Pitanje

     Three consecutive integers starting with $n$?

     Odgovor

     $n$, $n+1$, and $n+2$.

298. Kartica 298

     Pitanje

     Line–parabola intersections from a substituted quadratic?

     Odgovor

     Use its discriminant: positive means two intersections, zero one tangent intersection, and negative none.

299. Kartica 299

     Pitanje

     Linear equation with no solution: coefficient pattern?

     Odgovor

     After simplification, the variable terms cancel and leave a false statement, such as $0=5$.

300. Kartica 300

     Pitanje

     Zeros of a function on its graph?

     Odgovor

     The x-coordinates where the graph meets the x-axis, so $f(x)=0$.

300 kartica

Digital SAT Flashcards: Math, Grammar & Words in Context

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