GMAT Flashcards: Quant, Verbal & Data Insights Decisions
300 original flashcards for current-format GMAT Quant, Verbal, and Data Insights concepts, cues, and reusable decisions.
Informazioni su questo mazzo
GMAT Flashcards: Quant, Verbal & Data Insights Decisions
Build quick recall for the current GMAT with 300 original cards across Quantitative Reasoning, Verbal Reasoning, and Data Insights. The deck focuses on reusable concepts and decisions; full-length practice belongs in official or properly licensed question banks.
What the cards map
- Quant maps numeric forms, terms, rules, and formulas to their meaning, conditions, or use. Short scenarios ask for the operation, equation, or answer check that fits.
- Verbal maps passage and argument cues to purpose, scope, evidence, inference, reasoning flaws, and evaluation moves.
- Data Insights maps targets, constraints, source and display cues, metrics, and evidence states to the interpretation or decision they support. It covers Data Sufficiency, Multi-Source Reasoning, Table Analysis, Graphics Interpretation, and Two-Part Analysis.
Learning order
The mixed sequence keeps all three sections in rotation. Quant foundations come before algebra, models, and strategy checks; passage reading comes before argument evaluation; shared data literacy comes before the five Data Insights formats. Closely related prompts are spaced apart so one card does not cue the next.
Current-format boundary
This deck has no geometry lessons or formula drills, Sentence Correction, or the retired Integrated Reasoning section. It also excludes timing, scoring, test-center policy, full passages, large data sets, and response-pattern tricks.
Every card is an original compact concept or decision prompt. No official or competitor questions, answer choices, explanations, mark schemes, curriculum text, logos, or trade dress were copied or adapted. See the official GMAT exam content and Data Insights preparation guidance for the current exam boundary.
This is an independent, unofficial study resource. It is not affiliated with, endorsed by, or sponsored by the Graduate Management Admission Council (GMAC). GMAT is used only to identify the exam.
Carte in questo mazzo
Carta 1
Domanda
Which numerator-and-denominator operation creates an equivalent fraction?
Risposta
Multiply or divide the numerator and denominator by the same nonzero number. The fraction's value stays unchanged.
Carta 2
Domanda
What does data sufficiency ask you to determine?
Risposta
Whether the information guarantees one answer. You usually don’t need to calculate that answer.
Carta 3
Domanda
How do you form a passage's main idea?
Risposta
Combine the passage's central topic with its main claim about that topic. The answer should cover the whole passage at the right level.
Carta 4
Domanda
What does multiplying a decimal by 10ⁿ do when n is a positive integer?
Risposta
It moves the decimal point n places to the right. Dividing by 10ⁿ moves it n places left.
Carta 5
Domanda
What makes information sufficient for a value question?
Risposta
It forces exactly one value for the target. Different values that satisfy all conditions make it insufficient.
Carta 6
Domanda
How do you identify the passage's primary purpose?
Risposta
Name what the author is doing with the topic: explaining, comparing, challenging, defending, or proposing. Keep content and action together.
Carta 7
Domanda
How do you find p percent of a quantity q?
Risposta
Compute (p/100) × q. Translate “of” as multiplication.
Carta 8
Domanda
How can two valid cases prove insufficiency?
Risposta
Make the cases produce different answers to the question. One clean counterexample pair is enough.
Carta 9
Domanda
How do you determine a paragraph's role?
Risposta
Connect the paragraph to what comes before and after it. Decide whether it introduces, supports, qualifies, contrasts, applies, or concludes the larger discussion.
Carta 10
Domanda
A total of 45 is split in the ratio 2:3. What are the two parts?
Risposta
18 and 27. The five ratio units are worth 45 ÷ 5 = 9 each.
Carta 11
Domanda
Why can an integer restriction change sufficiency?
Risposta
It removes noninteger possibilities. A range containing many real numbers may contain only one integer.
Carta 12
Domanda
When is a product of signed factors negative?
Risposta
Provided no factor is zero, an odd number of negative factors gives a negative product, while an even number gives a positive product. If any factor is zero, the product is zero.
Carta 13
Domanda
How should two data-sufficiency statements be tested initially?
Risposta
Test each statement independently against the stem. Do not carry information from one statement into the other.
Carta 14
Domanda
What makes an integer greater than 1 prime?
Risposta
It has exactly two positive divisors: 1 and itself.
Carta 15
Domanda
What should you do first on a detail question?
Risposta
Return to the relevant lines and read their local context. Memory tends to preserve the topic while blurring qualifications.
Carta 16
Domanda
What is the divisibility rule for 2?
Risposta
The last digit must be even: 0, 2, 4, 6, or 8.
Carta 17
Domanda
How do you test whether a fact is relevant?
Risposta
Connect it to the requested target. A true fact that does not narrow the target adds no decision value.
Carta 18
Domanda
How far may a reading inference go beyond the text?
Risposta
Only as far as the text strongly supports. Prefer the smallest justified step and reject claims needing outside knowledge.
Carta 19
Domanda
Why is prime factorization useful in GMAT arithmetic?
Risposta
It exposes divisibility, factors, greatest common factors, least common multiples, and perfect powers.
Carta 20
Domanda
What must happen before quantities with different units are combined?
Risposta
First confirm that their dimensions are compatible, then convert them to a common unit. Keep the unit attached through the calculation to catch mismatches.
Carta 21
Domanda
How do you apply a passage principle to a new case?
Risposta
Extract the principle's required conditions, then test whether the new case has them. Surface similarity isn't enough.
Carta 22
Domanda
Which relationship connects distance, rate, and time?
Risposta
Distance = rate × time. Rearrange only after the units are compatible.
Carta 23
Domanda
How do you find a least common multiple from prime factorizations?
Risposta
Take every prime that appears, using the largest exponent present.
Carta 24
Domanda
How do you multiply powers with the same base?
Risposta
Add the exponents: aᵐ × aⁿ = aᵐ⁺ⁿ.
Carta 25
Domanda
How is a weighted average computed?
Risposta
Divide the total weighted value by the total weight. For groups, use group size as the weight unless another weight is given.
Carta 26
Domanda
What should a quick passage map record?
Risposta
Each paragraph's role and major viewpoint, plus the passage's overall direction. Record structure, not a sentence-by-sentence summary.
Carta 27
Domanda
What does the principal square root symbol √x return?
Risposta
For real x ≥ 0, it is the nonnegative number whose square is x. For example, √9 = 3, not ±3.
Carta 28
Domanda
When can bounds replace exact arithmetic?
Risposta
When the bounds separate the viable decisions. Stop once every value in the interval leads to the same choice.
Carta 29
Domanda
How do you keep viewpoints separate?
Risposta
Attach each claim to its speaker: author, critic, researcher, or group. Track agreement, disagreement, and any later qualification.
Carta 30
Domanda
How do “sum,” “product,” and “quotient” translate into algebra?
Risposta
They mean addition, multiplication, and division, respectively.
Carta 31
Domanda
How do you reduce a fraction to lowest terms?
Risposta
Divide the numerator and denominator by their greatest common factor.
Carta 32
Domanda
What evidence should determine the author's tone?
Risposta
Evaluative words, qualifications, and the treatment of competing views. Topic alone doesn't establish approval, concern, or skepticism.
Carta 33
Domanda
When should rounding usually occur?
Risposta
At the end, unless estimation already settles the decision. Early rounding can move a result across a cutoff.
Carta 34
Domanda
How do you convert a terminating decimal to a fraction?
Risposta
Write the digits over the matching power of 10, then reduce. For example, 0.375 = 375/1000 = 3/8.
Carta 35
Domanda
When should you stop calculating in a sufficiency problem?
Risposta
As soon as uniqueness is proved or disproved. More arithmetic cannot change the sufficiency decision.
Carta 36
Domanda
How do you spot an out-of-scope answer?
Risposta
It introduces a person, period, cause, or consequence the passage doesn't address. Being reasonable doesn't make it textually supported.
Carta 37
Domanda
What is the percent-change formula?
Risposta
For original > 0, percent change = (new − original) / original × 100%. Percent change from zero is undefined; negative baselines require context-specific interpretation.
Carta 38
Domanda
What makes information sufficient for a yes-or-no question?
Risposta
It forces the same yes-or-no answer in every valid case. The underlying value may still vary.
Carta 39
Domanda
What preserves a ratio when its quantities are scaled?
Risposta
Multiplying or dividing both terms by the same nonzero factor preserves the ratio.
Carta 40
Domanda
How do you reject a main-idea answer with the wrong scope?
Risposta
Compare it with the whole passage. A detail-only answer is too narrow; a claim extending beyond the passage is too broad.
Carta 41
Domanda
Why should you track whether a variable is positive, negative, or zero?
Risposta
Sign controls valid cases and operations. Squaring can hide sign, and division requires a nonzero denominator.
Carta 42
Domanda
How do you simplify subtraction of a negative number?
Risposta
Change it to addition: a − (−b) = a + b.
Carta 43
Domanda
Whose purpose matters in a primary-purpose question?
Risposta
The passage author's purpose. A theory or researcher may be described at length without representing what the author ultimately wants to do.
Carta 44
Domanda
When is the on-screen calculator most useful?
Risposta
For tedious arithmetic after the setup is clear. It does not replace choosing the right relationship or denominator.
Carta 45
Domanda
In Data Sufficiency, what stem information applies when testing either statement?
Risposta
Everything in the question stem. Stem facts remain active for each statement and for the combination.
Carta 46
Domanda
What is the divisibility rule for 3?
Risposta
The sum of the digits must be divisible by 3.
Carta 47
Domanda
What does a transition paragraph often do?
Risposta
It closes one line of thought and sets up the next. Its role depends on both sides, not only on its first sentence.
Carta 48
Domanda
When is a proxy measure useful?
Risposta
When evidence shows it reliably tracks the target for the intended decision. Correlation may support prediction, but it proves neither causation nor suitability on its own.
Carta 49
Domanda
How do you find a greatest common factor from prime factorizations?
Risposta
Take each shared prime to the smaller exponent.
Carta 50
Domanda
What is the arithmetic mean?
Risposta
The sum of the values divided by the number of values.
Carta 51
Domanda
What units should a rate have?
Risposta
One quantity per another, such as kilometers per hour. The denominator tells you what the rate is measured against.
Carta 52
Domanda
How do you divide powers with the same nonzero base?
Risposta
Subtract the exponents: aᵐ ÷ aⁿ = aᵐ⁻ⁿ.
Carta 53
Domanda
What makes a paraphrase faithful to a passage detail?
Risposta
It preserves the original meaning, scope, and certainty in different words. Shared keywords alone don't make it accurate.
Carta 54
Domanda
How do you recover a total from an average?
Risposta
Total = average × number of values.
Carta 55
Domanda
How do you choose between two plausible reading inferences?
Risposta
Choose the one with the tighter textual chain and fewer assumptions. Plausibility in the real world is secondary.
Carta 56
Domanda
What quick check can catch a calculator-entry error?
Risposta
Estimate the order of magnitude and direction first. An exact result far outside that range deserves another look.
Carta 57
Domanda
How do you simplify a square root with a perfect-square factor?
Risposta
Factor out the perfect square. For example, √72 = √(36 × 2) = 6√2.
Carta 58
Domanda
What makes a new example parallel to one in the passage?
Risposta
The same logical relationship. Match cause, contrast, exception, or function rather than shared subject matter.
Carta 59
Domanda
When can work rates be added?
Risposta
Add the stated constant rates when the workers operate simultaneously without interfering with one another. At 1/4 and 1/6 job per hour, together they complete 5/12 job per hour.
Carta 60
Domanda
What is the denominator in a percent comparison?
Risposta
The stated reference value. “A as a percent of B” means A divided by B, then multiplied by 100.
Carta 61
Domanda
How do you translate “5 less than x”?
Risposta
x − 5. The phrase “less than” reverses the spoken order.
Carta 62
Domanda
In Data Sufficiency, what should you check before testing values?
Risposta
The full domain. Honor stated restrictions and implicit ones such as positive lengths or nonzero divisors before judging sufficiency.
Carta 63
Domanda
How do you add fractions with different denominators?
Risposta
Rewrite them with a common denominator, then add the numerators. For example, 2/3 + 1/4 = 8/12 + 3/12 = 11/12.
Carta 64
Domanda
How do you distinguish description from argument in a passage?
Risposta
Description presents what happened or what a view says; argument gives reasons to accept, reject, or revise a claim.
Carta 65
Domanda
How should you compare decimals with different lengths?
Risposta
Append trailing zeros and compare place by place. For example, compare 0.47 with 0.4700, which are equal.
Carta 66
Domanda
How should combined statements be evaluated?
Risposta
Intersect their constraints with the stem. The combination is sufficient only if every remaining case gives one answer.
Carta 67
Domanda
How do you find common ground between two viewpoints?
Risposta
Look for the narrow claim both accept, even if they disagree about its cause, importance, or implications.
Carta 68
Domanda
How do you solve a proportion such as a/b = c/d?
Risposta
Cross-multiply to get ad = bc, provided b and d are nonzero.
Carta 69
Domanda
How is average speed computed?
Risposta
Total distance divided by total time. It is not usually the simple mean of the segment speeds.
Carta 70
Domanda
What does |x| represent?
Risposta
The nonnegative distance from x to 0 on the number line.
Carta 71
Domanda
Why are strongly emotional tone descriptions often wrong?
Risposta
They overstate measured academic prose. Match the answer's intensity to the author's actual language.
Carta 72
Domanda
What is the divisibility rule for 4?
Risposta
The number formed by the last two digits must be divisible by 4.
Carta 73
Domanda
Can the ordinary percent-change formula be applied directly when the original value is zero or negative?
Risposta
No. The ordinary GMAT rule assumes original > 0. Change from zero is undefined, and a negative baseline requires context-specific interpretation.
Carta 74
Domanda
Why can a true statement still be a wrong answer?
Risposta
It may not answer the question asked. Check the task—main idea, detail, inference, role, or purpose—before checking truth.
Carta 75
Domanda
When must a weighted average lie between its component values?
Risposta
When every weight is nonnegative and the total weight is positive. The average then lies between the smallest and largest component values.
Carta 76
Domanda
How do you express an integer n divided by d with remainder r?
Risposta
n = dq + r, where q is an integer and 0 ≤ r < d for positive d.
Carta 77
Domanda
What does an inequality usually provide?
Risposta
A range, not a unique value. It can still be sufficient if the question asks whether a threshold is crossed.
Carta 78
Domanda
How should you handle an EXCEPT detail prompt?
Risposta
Verify four statements against the passage and select the one that isn't supported. Keep the reversed task visible while checking each choice.
Carta 79
Domanda
How should you set up a unit conversion?
Risposta
Multiply by a conversion factor equal to 1, placing units so the unwanted unit cancels.
Carta 80
Domanda
Can two individually insufficient statements remain insufficient together?
Risposta
Yes. They may repeat the same limitation or still leave multiple valid answers.
Carta 81
Domanda
For a positive base, how do you simplify a power raised to another power?
Risposta
Multiply the exponents: (aᵐ)ⁿ = a^(mn).
Carta 82
Domanda
When can you infer that an author accepts a claim?
Risposta
When the author endorses it directly or relies on it without distancing language. Merely reporting another person's view isn't endorsement.
Carta 83
Domanda
How should successive percentage changes be combined?
Risposta
Multiply their factors. A 10% rise followed by a 10% fall gives 1.10 × 0.90 = 0.99, a 1% net fall.
Carta 84
Domanda
What are compatible numbers in estimation?
Risposta
Nearby numbers chosen to make mental arithmetic easy, such as 203 ÷ 9.9 ≈ 200 ÷ 10 = 20.
Carta 85
Domanda
Which constraints are easy to overlook in a word problem?
Risposta
Countability, positivity, distinctness, and capacity limits. Translate each noun and rule into a usable constraint.
Carta 86
Domanda
How do you state the exact disagreement between two viewpoints?
Risposta
Identify one claim that one side accepts and the other rejects. Don't substitute a topic that only one side discusses.
Carta 87
Domanda
How do you represent three consecutive integers?
Risposta
n, n + 1, and n + 2 for an integer n.
Carta 88
Domanda
How do percentage points differ from percent change?
Risposta
Percentage points are the direct difference between percentages. Moving from 20% to 25% is 5 points and a 25% relative increase.
Carta 89
Domanda
What is a reversed-relationship trap?
Risposta
It swaps cause and effect, support and conclusion, or the positions of two viewpoints while reusing familiar passage language.
Carta 90
Domanda
How do you multiply two fractions?
Risposta
Multiply numerator by numerator and denominator by denominator, canceling common factors when convenient.
Carta 91
Domanda
How do direct and inverse proportion differ?
Risposta
Direct:
y = kx; inverse:y = k/xforx ≠ 0.Carta 92
Domanda
How do you recover an original value after a percentage increase?
Risposta
Divide the new value by the growth factor. After a 20% increase, original = new ÷ 1.20.
Carta 93
Domanda
When should absolute wording raise suspicion?
Risposta
When the passage is qualified. Words such as always, never, entirely, and impossible require equally strong textual support.
Carta 94
Domanda
What should you identify first in Data Sufficiency?
Risposta
The exact target and answer type. Decide whether the stem asks for a value, a comparison, or a yes-or-no result.
Carta 95
Domanda
What ending makes an integer divisible by 5 or by 10?
Risposta
A last digit of 0 or 5 gives divisibility by 5; a last digit of 0 gives divisibility by 10.
Carta 96
Domanda
How should a Data Sufficiency condition be handled?
Risposta
Translate it into a precise constraint before testing sufficiency. Keep it separate from the conclusion you want.
Carta 97
Domanda
How do you reject a half-right answer?
Risposta
Test every part of it. One accurate clause can't rescue a second clause that distorts the passage or exceeds its scope.
Carta 98
Domanda
When you convert a positive measurement to a smaller linear unit, what happens to its numerical value?
Risposta
It increases. Multiply by the number of smaller units in one larger unit.
Carta 99
Domanda
DS example: Is x > 5? Statement: x > 3. Is the statement sufficient?
Risposta
No. Both x = 4 and x = 6 satisfy the statement, but they answer the stem differently.
Carta 100
Domanda
What is a⁰ when a is nonzero?
Risposta
- The nonzero-base condition matters because 0⁰ is not assigned this rule.
Carta 101
Domanda
Which claim is the argument trying to establish?
Risposta
The main conclusion. Find the claim supported by the other statements, then check that it answers the argument's central issue.
Carta 102
Domanda
When should the two statements be combined?
Risposta
When neither statement is sufficient alone. Use both constraints at once and test the remaining possibilities.
Carta 103
Domanda
A positive number rounds to 8.2 to the nearest tenth. What interval contains it?
Risposta
8.15 ≤ x < 8.25. The lower endpoint rounds up to 8.2; the upper endpoint rounds to 8.3.
Carta 104
Domanda
What should you check when the conclusion changes populations?
Risposta
Whether the evidence applies to the new population. Results from volunteers, specialists, or one age group may not transfer to everyone.
Carta 105
Domanda
How should test values be chosen in Data Sufficiency?
Risposta
Choose valid values that probe boundaries, signs, and distinct outcomes. Random easy values can miss the deciding case.
Carta 106
Domanda
How do you translate “A is 30% more than B”?
Risposta
A = 1.30B. The percentage is based on B.
Carta 107
Domanda
When can one equation involving two variables be sufficient for a target?
Risposta
When every valid solution gives the same target value, even if neither variable is unique. For example, x + y = 10 is sufficient to determine x + y.
Carta 108
Domanda
What does a correlation establish by itself?
Risposta
Only that two things vary together. It doesn't establish which one causes the other or whether a third factor causes both.
Carta 109
Domanda
How do you divide by a nonzero fraction?
Risposta
Multiply by its reciprocal. For example, 3/5 ÷ 2/7 = 3/5 × 7/2.
Carta 110
Domanda
Why is a ratio often insufficient for an absolute value?
Risposta
A ratio fixes relative size but usually leaves the scale free. Many proportional pairs can share the same ratio.
Carta 111
Domanda
What is the divisibility rule for 9?
Risposta
The sum of the digits must be divisible by 9.
Carta 112
Domanda
What matters most when applying a sample result to a population?
Risposta
Representativeness. The sample must resemble the target population on traits that could affect the result.
Carta 113
Domanda
What should you check after solving a squared equation?
Risposta
Check every allowed root. If positive and negative roots produce different target answers, the information is insufficient.
Carta 114
Domanda
What does a negative exponent mean?
Risposta
It takes the reciprocal: a⁻ⁿ = 1/aⁿ for nonzero a.
Carta 115
Domanda
Which baseline makes a comparison informative?
Risposta
The baseline relevant to the claim. Compare the outcome with what would otherwise have happened, not merely with an unrelated earlier figure.
Carta 116
Domanda
What risk appears when an equation factors into multiple branches?
Risposta
Each branch may create valid cases. Test all branches against the stem before deciding sufficiency.
Carta 117
Domanda
How can you compare two positive fractions quickly?
Risposta
Compare their cross-products. For a/b and c/d with positive denominators, compare ad with bc.
Carta 118
Domanda
What may be assumed from a Data Sufficiency diagram?
Risposta
Only marked or stated facts. Do not infer scale, equality, perpendicularity, or midpoint status from appearance.
Carta 119
Domanda
What multiplier represents a p percent increase or decrease?
Risposta
Use 1 + p/100 for an increase and 1 − p/100 for a decrease.
Carta 120
Domanda
Which statements count as evidence?
Risposta
The statements offered as reasons to accept another claim. Evidence may be factual or assumed for the argument, even if it isn't proven in real life.
Carta 121
Domanda
Can a mean determine an individual observation?
Risposta
Not by itself. A mean fixes the total, but different sets can have that total unless more constraints apply.
Carta 122
Domanda
What weakens a move from past evidence to a present claim?
Risposta
A relevant change over time. New technology, prices, rules, or behavior can make the earlier evidence a poor guide.
Carta 123
Domanda
A value becomes 96 after a 20% increase. What was the original value?
Risposta
- Divide the final value by the growth multiplier: 96 ÷ 1.2 = 80.
Carta 124
Domanda
How do extreme valid cases help in Data Sufficiency?
Risposta
They expose whether the target can change. Test the smallest, largest, or boundary cases allowed by the conditions.
Carta 125
Domanda
How do you test for reverse causation?
Risposta
Ask whether the alleged effect could instead cause the alleged cause. Productive teams may meet more because they are productive, not the reverse.
Carta 126
Domanda
Must a sufficient statement make every variable unique?
Risposta
No. It only needs to make the requested target unique, even if other variables remain undetermined.
Carta 127
Domanda
A price rises 20% and then falls 20%. Does it return to its original value?
Risposta
No. The multipliers give 1.20 × 0.80 = 0.96, so the final price is 4% below the original.
Carta 128
Domanda
Why can a voluntary survey be biased?
Risposta
People who choose to respond may differ from those who don't. Strong opinions or extra interest can distort the sample.
Carta 129
Domanda
How do you expand a(b + c)?
Risposta
ab + ac. The outside factor multiplies every term inside the parentheses.
Carta 130
Domanda
What should the final Data Sufficiency decision describe?
Risposta
Which information set guarantees an answer. It should not report the target’s numerical value.
Carta 131
Domanda
What is the goal when solving a linear equation?
Risposta
Isolate the variable by applying equivalent operations to both sides.
Carta 132
Domanda
DS example: Is integer n even? Statement: n = 7. Is the statement sufficient?
Risposta
Yes. It guarantees one answer—no. A statement can be sufficient even when that answer is negative.
Carta 133
Domanda
When must an inequality sign reverse?
Risposta
When both sides are multiplied or divided by a negative number.
Carta 134
Domanda
What must be checked before comparing two groups?
Risposta
Whether they differ in other relevant ways. Age, experience, starting level, or incentives may explain the outcome instead.
Carta 135
Domanda
When is substitution preferable to elimination in a two-equation system?
Risposta
Use substitution when one variable is already isolated or easy to isolate; use elimination when coefficients cancel easily.
Carta 136
Domanda
What should you build before analyzing Multi-Source Reasoning material?
Risposta
A quick source map. Note what each tab or document contains, who produced it, and the relevant date or scope.
Carta 137
Domanda
How do you separate background from evidence?
Risposta
Ask whether the statement supports a claim. Background sets context; evidence does logical work in moving the argument toward a conclusion.
Carta 138
Domanda
Which algebraic terms can be combined?
Risposta
Terms with the same variable part and exponents. For example, 3x² and −5x² combine, but 3x² and 3x do not.
Carta 139
Domanda
When should you read the Multi-Source Reasoning question?
Risposta
Before a deep read of every source. The question tells you which details deserve attention.
Carta 140
Domanda
What is a reliable first step for an equation containing several fractions?
Risposta
Multiply every term by the least common denominator, then solve the simpler equation.
Carta 141
Domanda
Why does source provenance matter?
Risposta
It defines what a claim can support. An internal forecast and an audited result do not carry the same evidentiary weight.
Carta 142
Domanda
What should you test when evidence comes from a different setting?
Risposta
Whether the settings differ in a way that affects the result. A finding from one market, school, or climate may not carry over unchanged.
Carta 143
Domanda
What does an “and” compound inequality require?
Risposta
The overlap of both solution sets. A value must satisfy both conditions.
Carta 144
Domanda
What should you compare before combining claims from two sources?
Risposta
Their population, period, units, and definitions. Matching labels can hide different scopes.
Carta 145
Domanda
How can a third factor undermine a causal claim?
Risposta
It may explain both events, so their correlation no longer establishes a direct causal link by itself. Hot weather can raise both cold-drink sales and pool attendance.
Carta 146
Domanda
What do one, zero, or infinitely many solutions mean for two linear equations in two variables?
Risposta
The lines intersect once, are parallel and distinct, or are the same line, respectively.
Carta 147
Domanda
How should records from separate sources be linked?
Risposta
Use a shared key with the same meaning in both sources, such as product code and month. Do not join on a vague label alone.
Carta 148
Domanda
How do you factor 6x + 9?
Risposta
3(2x + 3). Pull out the greatest common factor.
Carta 149
Domanda
When does nonresponse threaten a survey result?
Risposta
When nonrespondents may answer differently from respondents. A high response count doesn't fix a systematic missing group.
Carta 150
Domanda
What is the first step when two sources seem inconsistent?
Risposta
Compare definitions, dates, units, and aggregation levels. Many apparent conflicts come from mismatched frames.
300 carte
GMAT Flashcards: Quant, Verbal & Data Insights Decisions
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Carta 151
Domanda
When can you use the zero-product property?
Risposta
After rewriting a product equal to zero. If (x − 2)(x + 5) = 0, then x = 2 or x = −5.
Carta 152
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How does an inference differ from a stated fact?
Risposta
A fact appears directly in a source; an inference must follow from the sources without an extra assumption.
Carta 153
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Does a higher percentage by itself prove a higher count?
Risposta
No. The underlying totals matter. Twenty percent of 1,000 is more than fifty percent of 100.
Carta 154
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What does an “or” compound inequality require?
Risposta
The union of the solution sets. A value may satisfy either condition or both.
Carta 155
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What does a blank or omitted value establish?
Risposta
Only that the value is not provided. It does not establish zero, no change, or failure.
Carta 156
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How do you recognize an intermediate conclusion?
Risposta
It is supported by one claim and supports another. It acts as both a conclusion and a premise in the same argument.
Carta 157
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What should you do before writing equations for a two-quantity word problem?
Risposta
Define each variable with its unit, then translate one independent relationship per equation.
Carta 158
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Why should cross-source events be placed in time order?
Risposta
Sequence separates prior conditions from later outcomes and prevents using future information as an earlier cause.
Carta 159
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When should candidate solutions be checked in the original equation?
Risposta
Always after a step that may introduce solutions, especially squaring both sides or clearing variable denominators.
Carta 160
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How can switching from one measured outcome to another create a gap?
Risposta
Evidence about one metric may not support a conclusion about another. More website visits, for example, don't by themselves mean more sales.
Carta 161
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What makes a source relevant to a claim?
Risposta
It supplies evidence for a required link in the claim. Related background alone is not enough.
Carta 162
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How do you solve a factored polynomial inequality reliably?
Risposta
Find the zeros, split the number line into intervals, and test each interval's sign. Include a zero only when equality is allowed.
Carta 163
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Does happening first prove causation?
Risposta
No. The timing may fit a causal story, but coincidence or another cause can still explain the later event.
Carta 164
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How can you spot an unsupported cross-source conclusion?
Risposta
Identify the bridge between evidence and conclusion. If the sources never establish that bridge, the conclusion needs an assumption.
Carta 165
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What do 0 = 0 and 0 = 5 mean after simplifying an equation?
Risposta
0 = 0 means every allowed value is a solution; 0 = 5 means there is no solution.
Carta 166
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What should you verify before comparing figures from different sources?
Risposta
Common units and denominators. Convert first, then compare the same quantity on the same basis.
Carta 167
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How do you interpret |x − a| < r when r is positive?
Risposta
x is within r units of a: a − r < x < a + r.
Carta 168
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What can a larger sample improve?
Risposta
Precision, if the sampling method is sound. A huge biased sample can still give a confidently wrong picture of the population.
Carta 169
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How should a cross-source recommendation be evaluated?
Risposta
Apply the stated decision rule to the combined evidence. Do not substitute a personal preference for the rule.
Carta 170
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If a worker finishes one job in t hours, what is the worker's hourly rate?
Risposta
1/t of the job per hour.
Carta 171
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What can an average hide?
Risposta
The distribution. Two groups can share an average while differing sharply in range, concentration, or the number of extreme values.
Carta 172
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What should you confirm before submitting a Multi-Source Reasoning answer?
Risposta
That every required part is supported by the correct source and scope. One unsupported component can invalidate the whole decision.
Carta 173
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How do you find the amount of a pure component in a mixture?
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Concentration × total mixture amount. A 30% solution with volume 20 contains 0.30 × 20 = 6 units of the component.
Carta 174
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What role does a concession usually play?
Risposta
It acknowledges a point that weighs against the conclusion, then answers that point or limits its relevance. Don't mistake the conceded claim for the argument's main conclusion.
Carta 175
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When can an apparent cross-source discrepancy be resolved?
Risposta
When a stated difference in scope or method explains both figures. If no bridge is given, keep the conflict open.
Carta 176
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What is the two-set overlap formula?
Risposta
In A or B = in A + in B − in both. Subtract the overlap because it was counted twice.
Carta 177
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What should you identify first in Table Analysis?
Risposta
The row unit, column definitions, and any notes. This establishes what one record and each value represent.
Carta 178
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What is the fundamental counting principle?
Risposta
Multiply the choices at successive stages when each stage has a fixed number of available choices.
Carta 179
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Why distinguish relative change from absolute change?
Risposta
Relative change is the percentage change; absolute change is the amount added or lost. A 50% rise from 2 adds 1, while a 10% rise from 1,000 adds 100.
Carta 180
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How should a table filter be translated?
Risposta
Turn it into an exact inclusion rule. Apply every condition before counting or comparing rows.
Carta 181
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For equally likely outcomes, what is the basic probability formula?
Risposta
Favorable outcomes divided by total possible outcomes.
Carta 182
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What makes a proposed causal mechanism useful?
Risposta
It explains how the cause could produce the effect. A plausible, evidence-backed mechanism strengthens the causal link.
Carta 183
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How do you find the median?
Risposta
Order the values and take the middle value; for an even count, average the two middle values.
Carta 184
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How should numeric values be sorted?
Risposta
By numerical value, not digit order. For example, 12 comes after 9 in ascending order.
Carta 185
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What is missed when evidence includes only successful cases?
Risposta
The failures. Studying only surviving firms can make a strategy look safer or more effective than it is.
Carta 186
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Two machines have stated constant rates of 1/3 and 1/5 job per hour and operate simultaneously without interference. May their rates be added?
Risposta
Yes. The stated rates are constant and the machines do not interfere, so their combined rate is 1/3 + 1/5 = 8/15 job per hour.
Carta 187
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How should a table ratio be built when filters are involved?
Risposta
Derive the numerator and denominator separately from the question, then apply each filter only where it is relevant. Do not automatically filter both quantities or default to all rows.
Carta 188
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What quantity is conserved when two solutions are mixed without loss?
Risposta
The amount of the pure component. Set the sum of the starting component amounts equal to the final component amount.
Carta 189
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When may table rows be added directly?
Risposta
Only when they are disjoint parts of the same measure and use compatible units. Overlapping groups would be double-counted.
Carta 190
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What does n! mean for a positive integer n?
Risposta
The product of the positive integers from 1 through n.
Carta 191
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Where is the argument's logical gap?
Risposta
Between the evidence and the conclusion. State what must connect them without merely repeating either side.
Carta 192
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How do you find the number in neither of two sets?
Risposta
Subtract the number in the union from the total population.
Carta 193
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How should rates from table groups be combined?
Risposta
Divide the total numerator by the total denominator. Weight a group rate by its group size only when that size is the rate's denominator.
Carta 194
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What is wrong with moving from some cases to all cases?
Risposta
The conclusion is broader than the evidence. Evidence that some members have a trait doesn't show that every member does.
Carta 195
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When should you use a permutation?
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When selecting and arranging items and order matters. The number of ordered selections of r from n distinct items is n!/(n − r)!.
Carta 196
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Why does table granularity matter?
Risposta
A row-level fact may disappear or change after aggregation. Match the claim to the table’s level of detail.
Carta 197
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How do you find the probability that an event does not occur?
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1 − P(event). This is often the quickest route for “at least one” questions.
Carta 198
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Why does a comparable control group help test causation?
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It shows what happened without the suspected cause. If the groups differ mainly in that factor, the result is harder to explain another way.
Carta 199
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How should missing table entries be treated?
Risposta
As unknown unless the notes define another meaning. Exclude or include them only as the question directs.
Carta 200
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What is the mode of a data set?
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A mode is any value with the greatest frequency. Under the no-mode convention, there is no mode only when at least two distinct values all have equal frequency.
Carta 201
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What makes a table comparison valid?
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The values must have compatible measures, units, periods, populations, and definitions. Normalize only validly convertible differences; reject differences in population, period, or definition that cannot be reconciled.
Carta 202
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What should you check when a prediction extends a past pattern?
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Whether the conditions behind the past pattern will continue. A trend alone doesn't show that its causes will remain in place.
Carta 203
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How should a drain or other undoing process enter a work-rate equation?
Risposta
As a negative rate. Add productive rates and subtract rates that reverse the work.
Carta 204
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How can you avoid losing your place while scanning a table?
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Evaluate one condition at a time and mark qualifying rows mentally or on the scratchpad. Count only after the final filter.
Carta 205
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Can evidence that an outcome is possible show it is likely?
Risposta
No. Possibility only shows that an outcome can occur; probability requires evidence about how likely it is.
Carta 206
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What correction is needed when counting the union of three sets?
Risposta
Add the three individual counts, subtract all three pairwise overlaps, then add the triple overlap back once.
Carta 207
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When does a filtered table support a decision?
Risposta
When the qualifying rows satisfy the stated rule. Keep filtering, calculation, and decision as separate steps.
Carta 208
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When should you use a combination?
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When selecting items and order does not matter. The number of selections of r from n distinct items is n!/[r!(n − r)!].
Carta 209
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What must support a recommendation?
Risposta
A link from the proposed action to the stated goal. The argument also needs the action to be feasible and free of costs that defeat the goal.
Carta 210
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How do AND and OR change a table filter?
Risposta
AND requires every condition; OR requires at least one. Parenthesize mixed rules before scanning rows.
Carta 211
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How do you find the probability that independent events both occur?
Risposta
Multiply their probabilities: P(A and B) = P(A) × P(B).
Carta 212
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What can make an alphabetical sort misleading?
Risposta
Labels may contain categories or embedded numbers. Confirm whether the column is text, numeric, or chronological.
Carta 213
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What kind of fact most directly strengthens an argument?
Risposta
A fact that supports the missing link between evidence and conclusion. Merely repeating a premise adds little.
Carta 214
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What is the range of a data set?
Risposta
Maximum value minus minimum value.
Carta 215
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What should you check at a filter cutoff?
Risposta
Whether the boundary is inclusive. “At least 40” includes 40; “more than 40” does not.
Carta 216
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A train covers 150 miles in 3 hours at a constant rate. What is its rate?
Risposta
50 miles per hour. Rearrange distance = rate × time to get rate = 150 ÷ 3.
Carta 217
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What is the most direct way to weaken an argument?
Risposta
Undermine a necessary assumption connecting the evidence to the conclusion. The premises can remain true while the conclusion loses support.
Carta 218
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What does a tie in the sorted column imply?
Risposta
The tied rows share rank on that measure. Their display order does not create a performance difference.
Carta 219
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How do you identify a useful evaluation question?
Risposta
Test whether opposite answers would push the argument in opposite directions. If both answers leave the conclusion unchanged, the question isn't useful.
Carta 220
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What should you identify first in Graphics Interpretation?
Risposta
The chart type and what each visual encoding represents. Bars, lines, areas, and points support different readings.
Carta 221
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How do repeated identical items affect arrangement counts?
Risposta
For n total items, divide n! by the factorial of each repeated count. Identical items do not create new arrangements when swapped.
Carta 222
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What should you read before estimating a plotted value?
Risposta
Both axis labels, units, and category order. Position has meaning only after the axes are understood.
Carta 223
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How do you test whether a statement is a necessary assumption?
Risposta
Negate it. If that negation seriously damages the argument, the original statement was necessary.
Carta 224
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How do you find the probability that one of two mutually exclusive events occurs?
Risposta
Add their probabilities: P(A or B) = P(A) + P(B). Their overlap is zero.
Carta 225
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What should you verify in a chart legend?
Risposta
Which color, shape, or line maps to each series. Similar styling can otherwise swap the groups in your interpretation.
Carta 226
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What does standard deviation measure?
Risposta
How spread out values are around the mean. Greater dispersion means a larger standard deviation.
Carta 227
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What standard should an inference meet?
Risposta
It must follow from the given statements, without extra assumptions. Choose the modest claim the evidence guarantees.
Carta 228
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What does a segment’s share depend on?
Risposta
The correct whole. A category’s share of one region may differ from its share of the full dataset.
Carta 229
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For motion along the same line, when do you add or subtract two speeds to get relative speed?
Risposta
Add the speeds for opposite directions; subtract the smaller speed from the larger for the same direction.
Carta 230
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What must a paradox explanation accomplish?
Risposta
Make both surprising facts plausible at the same time. Rejecting either stated fact doesn't resolve the tension.
Carta 231
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How is a segment in a stacked bar measured?
Risposta
Subtract its lower boundary from its upper boundary. The upper endpoint alone is cumulative, not the segment value.
Carta 232
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Eight students average 70 and twelve students average 80. What is the combined mean?
Risposta
- The group sizes are the weights: (8 × 70 + 12 × 80) ÷ 20 = 76.
Carta 233
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What is the difference between a graph’s level and its rate of change?
Risposta
Level is the plotted value; rate of change is the slope. A high line can still be falling.
Carta 234
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How should you describe a statement's role in an argument?
Risposta
Describe what it does, not just what it says. It may support the conclusion, present an objection, answer that objection, or illustrate a principle.
Carta 235
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What is P(A given B)?
Risposta
P(A and B) / P(B), provided P(B) > 0. Restrict the sample space to outcomes in B.
Carta 236
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How should slope be compared across a graph?
Risposta
Use change in vertical value divided by change in horizontal value. Visual steepness is reliable only on the same scales.
Carta 237
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A driver covers equal distances at 30 mph and 60 mph. Is the average speed 45 mph?
Risposta
No. Using 60 miles for each leg gives 120 miles in 3 hours, so the average speed is 40 mph.
Carta 238
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What should you identify first when evaluating a plan?
Risposta
The plan's exact goal and success measure. A proposal can produce benefits yet still fail its stated objective.
Carta 239
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What does a trend in a scatterplot establish?
Risposta
An association in the displayed data. It does not by itself establish causation or predict every individual point.
Carta 240
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How can you strengthen a causal explanation?
Risposta
Rule out a credible alternative cause, support the proposed mechanism, or show the effect changes when the proposed cause changes.
Carta 241
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How can an outlier affect a graphical trend?
Risposta
It can pull a summary line or average away from the main cluster. Check whether the claim concerns all points or the typical pattern.
Carta 242
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Why do probabilities usually change when sampling without replacement?
Risposta
The sample space changes after each draw. Update both the favorable count and the total before multiplying conditional probabilities.
Carta 243
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One value in an n-value set increases by d. How does the mean change?
Risposta
It increases by d/n because the total rises by d while the count stays fixed.
Carta 244
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When does a counterexample weaken a claim?
Risposta
When the claim requires the counterexample not to exist. One genuine exception can defeat an absolute claim, but may barely affect a modest one.
Carta 245
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What is the parity of the sum of two odd integers?
Risposta
Even. Each odd integer is one more than an even integer, so the two extra ones add to 2.
Carta 246
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What can an aggregate graph hide?
Risposta
Differences among subgroups or periods. A stable total can coexist with large offsetting changes inside it.
Carta 247
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When is interpolation reasonable on a graph?
Risposta
When the graph implies continuity between nearby points. Do not interpolate across separate categories.
Carta 248
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What makes information relevant to evaluating an argument?
Risposta
It bears on the uncertain link the conclusion depends on. Interesting facts about the topic may still be logically irrelevant.
Carta 249
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How precise should a value read from a graph be?
Risposta
Only as precise as the scale supports. Use a defensible interval when the mark falls between ticks.
Carta 250
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Must a necessary assumption prove the conclusion?
Risposta
No. It only has to be required for the argument to work; it need not be enough to establish the conclusion on its own.
Carta 251
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How do you multiply positive numbers written in scientific notation?
Risposta
Multiply the coefficients, add the powers of 10, then adjust the coefficient to be at least 1 and less than 10.
Carta 252
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How should a graph-based decision be made?
Risposta
Translate the visual into values or bounds, then apply the stated rule. Do not decide from appearance alone.
Carta 253
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When is backsolving from answer choices especially useful?
Risposta
When the choices are concrete values and direct algebra is slower than testing them in the original conditions.
Carta 254
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How can axis scale distort a visual impression?
Risposta
Unequal intervals or a truncated baseline can magnify or compress differences. Use tick values, not apparent distance alone.
Carta 255
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When should you combine two statements for an inference?
Risposta
When they share a term or relationship that creates a guaranteed consequence. Don't combine them through an unstated causal or statistical link.
Carta 256
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When is a product of integers odd?
Risposta
Only when every factor is odd. One even factor makes the entire product even.
Carta 257
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What often resolves two apparently conflicting results?
Risposta
A hidden difference in group, time, measurement, or conditions. The results may describe different slices of the situation.
Carta 258
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How should equal distances on a logarithmic axis be interpreted?
Risposta
As equal multiplicative changes, not equal absolute changes. Read the labeled values before comparing gaps.
Carta 259
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Why start with a middle answer choice when backsolving ordered options?
Risposta
Its result often eliminates half the choices at once when the relationship is monotonic.
Carta 260
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What makes a Two-Part Analysis response complete?
Risposta
Both selections must satisfy their own column prompts under the same stem. Treat the pair as one submitted response.
Carta 261
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What is an analogy doing when it supports a claim?
Risposta
It argues that because two cases share relevant features, a result or principle from one likely applies to the other.
Carta 262
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How do you represent three consecutive odd integers?
Risposta
n, n + 2, and n + 4, where n is an odd integer.
Carta 263
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What should you identify before solving Two-Part Analysis?
Risposta
The role of each column. One may ask for a condition while the other asks for a consequence or decision.
Carta 264
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What values should you test first in a claim about an unspecified number?
Risposta
Test allowed categories that may behave differently: positive, negative, zero, fractional, and boundary values.
Carta 265
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How can an unchanged bottleneck defeat a plan?
Risposta
Improving a nonlimiting step won't improve the final outcome if another constraint still controls it. Faster ordering doesn't help when production is already full.
Carta 266
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How does the shared stem affect the two parts?
Risposta
Its definitions and constraints apply to both. Keep them fixed while testing each column’s requirement.
Carta 267
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How do you count the positive divisors of an integer greater than 1 from its prime factorization?
Risposta
Add 1 to each prime exponent, then multiply those results.
Carta 268
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In Two-Part Analysis, must the two selected entries be the same?
Risposta
In the current format, the two selected entries may be the same or different. A linkage in the stem determines whether you must reason through them jointly, not whether their values match.
Carta 269
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What makes evidence for a general claim strong?
Risposta
It should be relevant and reliable and, if case-based, come from representative cases. More evidence isn't automatically better evidence.
Carta 270
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How do you factor a difference of squares?
Risposta
Use x² − y² = (x − y)(x + y).
Carta 271
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When should the two Two-Part Analysis selections be solved together?
Risposta
When one shared relationship constrains both. Test candidate pairs against that relationship instead of solving isolated fragments.
Carta 272
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How can one counterexample evaluate a universal claim?
Risposta
One valid counterexample disproves a claim that is supposed to hold for every allowed value.
Carta 273
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How does an alternative explanation weaken a conclusion?
Risposta
It shows that the evidence can be true without the proposed explanation being true. The alternative must account for the same result.
Carta 274
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In Two-Part Analysis, how can one column help solve the other?
Risposta
A valid selection can narrow the remaining candidates when the parts share a constraint. Recheck the final pair in both columns.
Carta 275
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How do you test whether x² + bx + c factors into integer binomials?
Risposta
Look for integers r and s with r + s = b and rs = c. If they exist, the factorization is (x + r)(x + s).
Carta 276
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Which unknown should you evaluate first in a plan argument?
Risposta
A condition that could make the plan achieve or miss its goal. Focus on feasibility, response, costs, and side effects tied to that goal.
Carta 277
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How should a trade-off between two measures be evaluated?
Risposta
Apply the stated priorities or limits. An option is better only relative to the rule, not because one measure is largest.
Carta 278
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How can estimation screen answer choices before exact calculation?
Risposta
Approximate the expression's magnitude, then eliminate choices that are far too large or too small.
Carta 279
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In a constrained-decision Two-Part Analysis problem, what should you check before comparing candidates?
Risposta
Check every hard constraint first. Discard any option that breaks a required limit, then compare only the feasible candidates.
Carta 280
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What does a defensive assumption do?
Risposta
It rules out a threat that would break the argument. For example, a revenue plan may assume that its added costs won't exceed the new revenue.
Carta 281
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What restriction applies when a variable appears in a denominator?
Risposta
Exclude every value that makes the denominator zero.
Carta 282
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How does an objective differ from a constraint?
Risposta
A constraint determines what is allowed; an objective ranks the allowed options. Apply them in that order.
Carta 283
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Which quick checks catch many Quant answer errors?
Risposta
Check the sign, units, allowed range, and rough size against the question's conditions.
Carta 284
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What inference is safe from a statement about most members?
Risposta
More than half have the stated trait. You can't infer that all do, that any particular member does, or that most have another trait.
Carta 285
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How should a two-part threshold rule be handled?
Risposta
Translate each threshold with the correct inequality, including its boundary. Then test both selected values against it.
Carta 286
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Where can one negative sign appear in a fraction without changing its value?
Risposta
Before the fraction, in the numerator, or in the denominator: −(a/b) = (−a)/b = a/(−b), provided b ≠ 0.
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How does an argument choose between competing explanations?
Risposta
It presents evidence that one explanation handles better than the others, often by ruling out a rival prediction.
Carta 288
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What is an efficient way to handle two linked algebraic targets?
Risposta
Express both in terms of one variable or invariant. Evaluate candidate values only after the relationship is clear.
Carta 289
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How do you solve x² = c over the real numbers?
Risposta
If c > 0, x = ±√c; if c = 0, x = 0; if c < 0, there is no real solution.
Carta 290
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What should you check when two selected quantities form a ratio?
Risposta
Order and scale. The ratio A:B is not interchangeable with B:A, and proportional pairs may all fit.
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How does a positive proper fraction compare with 1?
Risposta
It is less than 1 because its numerator is smaller than its denominator.
Carta 292
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Which side effects matter when evaluating a plan?
Risposta
Effects that change the plan's net result or work against its goal. A small unrelated inconvenience usually doesn't matter.
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How should a two-part logical claim be tested?
Risposta
Separate the condition from the conclusion, then test whether each selected statement performs the requested role.
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What is the solution pattern for |x| = a over the real numbers?
Risposta
If a > 0, x = ±a; if a = 0, x = 0; if a < 0, there is no real solution.
Carta 295
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What unit check belongs in a two-part quantitative answer?
Risposta
Confirm that each selection has the unit requested by its column. Linked values may require different conversions.
Carta 296
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Why does user response matter to a plan?
Risposta
The plan may depend on people adopting, following, or not avoiding it. Availability alone doesn't guarantee the needed behavior.
Carta 297
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A response rate rises from 40% to 50%. What are the percentage-point change and the relative percent increase?
Risposta
The increase is 10 percentage points and 25% relative to the original rate: (50 − 40) ÷ 40 = 0.25.
Carta 298
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What is the final check for Two-Part Analysis?
Risposta
Read each column prompt with its chosen entry, then verify that the pair is jointly consistent with the stem.
Carta 299
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For real x and y, what two linear cases are equivalent to x² = y²?
Risposta
x = y or x = −y.
Carta 300
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How should benefits and costs be compared in a plan argument?
Risposta
By their net effect on the stated goal. A plan can create the intended benefit but still fail if its relevant costs are larger.
300 carte
GMAT Flashcards: Quant, Verbal & Data Insights Decisions
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