GMAT Flashcards: Quant, Verbal & Data Insights Decisions
300 original flashcards for current-format GMAT Quant, Verbal, and Data Insights concepts, cues, and reusable decisions.
Mayelana naleli qoqo
GMAT Flashcards: Quant, Verbal & Data Insights Decisions
Build quick recall for the current GMAT with 300 original cards across Quantitative Reasoning, Verbal Reasoning, and Data Insights. The deck focuses on reusable concepts and decisions; full-length practice belongs in official or properly licensed question banks.
What the cards map
- Quant maps numeric forms, terms, rules, and formulas to their meaning, conditions, or use. Short scenarios ask for the operation, equation, or answer check that fits.
- Verbal maps passage and argument cues to purpose, scope, evidence, inference, reasoning flaws, and evaluation moves.
- Data Insights maps targets, constraints, source and display cues, metrics, and evidence states to the interpretation or decision they support. It covers Data Sufficiency, Multi-Source Reasoning, Table Analysis, Graphics Interpretation, and Two-Part Analysis.
Learning order
The mixed sequence keeps all three sections in rotation. Quant foundations come before algebra, models, and strategy checks; passage reading comes before argument evaluation; shared data literacy comes before the five Data Insights formats. Closely related prompts are spaced apart so one card does not cue the next.
Current-format boundary
This deck has no geometry lessons or formula drills, Sentence Correction, or the retired Integrated Reasoning section. It also excludes timing, scoring, test-center policy, full passages, large data sets, and response-pattern tricks.
Every card is an original compact concept or decision prompt. No official or competitor questions, answer choices, explanations, mark schemes, curriculum text, logos, or trade dress were copied or adapted. See the official GMAT exam content and Data Insights preparation guidance for the current exam boundary.
This is an independent, unofficial study resource. It is not affiliated with, endorsed by, or sponsored by the Graduate Management Admission Council (GMAC). GMAT is used only to identify the exam.
Amakhadi akuleli qoqo
Ikhadi 1
Umbuzo
Which numerator-and-denominator operation creates an equivalent fraction?
Impendulo
Multiply or divide the numerator and denominator by the same nonzero number. The fraction's value stays unchanged.
Ikhadi 2
Umbuzo
What does data sufficiency ask you to determine?
Impendulo
Whether the information guarantees one answer. You usually don’t need to calculate that answer.
Ikhadi 3
Umbuzo
How do you form a passage's main idea?
Impendulo
Combine the passage's central topic with its main claim about that topic. The answer should cover the whole passage at the right level.
Ikhadi 4
Umbuzo
What does multiplying a decimal by 10ⁿ do when n is a positive integer?
Impendulo
It moves the decimal point n places to the right. Dividing by 10ⁿ moves it n places left.
Ikhadi 5
Umbuzo
What makes information sufficient for a value question?
Impendulo
It forces exactly one value for the target. Different values that satisfy all conditions make it insufficient.
Ikhadi 6
Umbuzo
How do you identify the passage's primary purpose?
Impendulo
Name what the author is doing with the topic: explaining, comparing, challenging, defending, or proposing. Keep content and action together.
Ikhadi 7
Umbuzo
How do you find p percent of a quantity q?
Impendulo
Compute (p/100) × q. Translate “of” as multiplication.
Ikhadi 8
Umbuzo
How can two valid cases prove insufficiency?
Impendulo
Make the cases produce different answers to the question. One clean counterexample pair is enough.
Ikhadi 9
Umbuzo
How do you determine a paragraph's role?
Impendulo
Connect the paragraph to what comes before and after it. Decide whether it introduces, supports, qualifies, contrasts, applies, or concludes the larger discussion.
Ikhadi 10
Umbuzo
A total of 45 is split in the ratio 2:3. What are the two parts?
Impendulo
18 and 27. The five ratio units are worth 45 ÷ 5 = 9 each.
Ikhadi 11
Umbuzo
Why can an integer restriction change sufficiency?
Impendulo
It removes noninteger possibilities. A range containing many real numbers may contain only one integer.
Ikhadi 12
Umbuzo
When is a product of signed factors negative?
Impendulo
Provided no factor is zero, an odd number of negative factors gives a negative product, while an even number gives a positive product. If any factor is zero, the product is zero.
Ikhadi 13
Umbuzo
How should two data-sufficiency statements be tested initially?
Impendulo
Test each statement independently against the stem. Do not carry information from one statement into the other.
Ikhadi 14
Umbuzo
What makes an integer greater than 1 prime?
Impendulo
It has exactly two positive divisors: 1 and itself.
Ikhadi 15
Umbuzo
What should you do first on a detail question?
Impendulo
Return to the relevant lines and read their local context. Memory tends to preserve the topic while blurring qualifications.
Ikhadi 16
Umbuzo
What is the divisibility rule for 2?
Impendulo
The last digit must be even: 0, 2, 4, 6, or 8.
Ikhadi 17
Umbuzo
How do you test whether a fact is relevant?
Impendulo
Connect it to the requested target. A true fact that does not narrow the target adds no decision value.
Ikhadi 18
Umbuzo
How far may a reading inference go beyond the text?
Impendulo
Only as far as the text strongly supports. Prefer the smallest justified step and reject claims needing outside knowledge.
Ikhadi 19
Umbuzo
Why is prime factorization useful in GMAT arithmetic?
Impendulo
It exposes divisibility, factors, greatest common factors, least common multiples, and perfect powers.
Ikhadi 20
Umbuzo
What must happen before quantities with different units are combined?
Impendulo
First confirm that their dimensions are compatible, then convert them to a common unit. Keep the unit attached through the calculation to catch mismatches.
Ikhadi 21
Umbuzo
How do you apply a passage principle to a new case?
Impendulo
Extract the principle's required conditions, then test whether the new case has them. Surface similarity isn't enough.
Ikhadi 22
Umbuzo
Which relationship connects distance, rate, and time?
Impendulo
Distance = rate × time. Rearrange only after the units are compatible.
Ikhadi 23
Umbuzo
How do you find a least common multiple from prime factorizations?
Impendulo
Take every prime that appears, using the largest exponent present.
Ikhadi 24
Umbuzo
How do you multiply powers with the same base?
Impendulo
Add the exponents: aᵐ × aⁿ = aᵐ⁺ⁿ.
Ikhadi 25
Umbuzo
How is a weighted average computed?
Impendulo
Divide the total weighted value by the total weight. For groups, use group size as the weight unless another weight is given.
Ikhadi 26
Umbuzo
What should a quick passage map record?
Impendulo
Each paragraph's role and major viewpoint, plus the passage's overall direction. Record structure, not a sentence-by-sentence summary.
Ikhadi 27
Umbuzo
What does the principal square root symbol √x return?
Impendulo
For real x ≥ 0, it is the nonnegative number whose square is x. For example, √9 = 3, not ±3.
Ikhadi 28
Umbuzo
When can bounds replace exact arithmetic?
Impendulo
When the bounds separate the viable decisions. Stop once every value in the interval leads to the same choice.
Ikhadi 29
Umbuzo
How do you keep viewpoints separate?
Impendulo
Attach each claim to its speaker: author, critic, researcher, or group. Track agreement, disagreement, and any later qualification.
Ikhadi 30
Umbuzo
How do “sum,” “product,” and “quotient” translate into algebra?
Impendulo
They mean addition, multiplication, and division, respectively.
Ikhadi 31
Umbuzo
How do you reduce a fraction to lowest terms?
Impendulo
Divide the numerator and denominator by their greatest common factor.
Ikhadi 32
Umbuzo
What evidence should determine the author's tone?
Impendulo
Evaluative words, qualifications, and the treatment of competing views. Topic alone doesn't establish approval, concern, or skepticism.
Ikhadi 33
Umbuzo
When should rounding usually occur?
Impendulo
At the end, unless estimation already settles the decision. Early rounding can move a result across a cutoff.
Ikhadi 34
Umbuzo
How do you convert a terminating decimal to a fraction?
Impendulo
Write the digits over the matching power of 10, then reduce. For example, 0.375 = 375/1000 = 3/8.
Ikhadi 35
Umbuzo
When should you stop calculating in a sufficiency problem?
Impendulo
As soon as uniqueness is proved or disproved. More arithmetic cannot change the sufficiency decision.
Ikhadi 36
Umbuzo
How do you spot an out-of-scope answer?
Impendulo
It introduces a person, period, cause, or consequence the passage doesn't address. Being reasonable doesn't make it textually supported.
Ikhadi 37
Umbuzo
What is the percent-change formula?
Impendulo
For original > 0, percent change = (new − original) / original × 100%. Percent change from zero is undefined; negative baselines require context-specific interpretation.
Ikhadi 38
Umbuzo
What makes information sufficient for a yes-or-no question?
Impendulo
It forces the same yes-or-no answer in every valid case. The underlying value may still vary.
Ikhadi 39
Umbuzo
What preserves a ratio when its quantities are scaled?
Impendulo
Multiplying or dividing both terms by the same nonzero factor preserves the ratio.
Ikhadi 40
Umbuzo
How do you reject a main-idea answer with the wrong scope?
Impendulo
Compare it with the whole passage. A detail-only answer is too narrow; a claim extending beyond the passage is too broad.
Ikhadi 41
Umbuzo
Why should you track whether a variable is positive, negative, or zero?
Impendulo
Sign controls valid cases and operations. Squaring can hide sign, and division requires a nonzero denominator.
Ikhadi 42
Umbuzo
How do you simplify subtraction of a negative number?
Impendulo
Change it to addition: a − (−b) = a + b.
Ikhadi 43
Umbuzo
Whose purpose matters in a primary-purpose question?
Impendulo
The passage author's purpose. A theory or researcher may be described at length without representing what the author ultimately wants to do.
Ikhadi 44
Umbuzo
When is the on-screen calculator most useful?
Impendulo
For tedious arithmetic after the setup is clear. It does not replace choosing the right relationship or denominator.
Ikhadi 45
Umbuzo
In Data Sufficiency, what stem information applies when testing either statement?
Impendulo
Everything in the question stem. Stem facts remain active for each statement and for the combination.
Ikhadi 46
Umbuzo
What is the divisibility rule for 3?
Impendulo
The sum of the digits must be divisible by 3.
Ikhadi 47
Umbuzo
What does a transition paragraph often do?
Impendulo
It closes one line of thought and sets up the next. Its role depends on both sides, not only on its first sentence.
Ikhadi 48
Umbuzo
When is a proxy measure useful?
Impendulo
When evidence shows it reliably tracks the target for the intended decision. Correlation may support prediction, but it proves neither causation nor suitability on its own.
Ikhadi 49
Umbuzo
How do you find a greatest common factor from prime factorizations?
Impendulo
Take each shared prime to the smaller exponent.
Ikhadi 50
Umbuzo
What is the arithmetic mean?
Impendulo
The sum of the values divided by the number of values.
Ikhadi 51
Umbuzo
What units should a rate have?
Impendulo
One quantity per another, such as kilometers per hour. The denominator tells you what the rate is measured against.
Ikhadi 52
Umbuzo
How do you divide powers with the same nonzero base?
Impendulo
Subtract the exponents: aᵐ ÷ aⁿ = aᵐ⁻ⁿ.
Ikhadi 53
Umbuzo
What makes a paraphrase faithful to a passage detail?
Impendulo
It preserves the original meaning, scope, and certainty in different words. Shared keywords alone don't make it accurate.
Ikhadi 54
Umbuzo
How do you recover a total from an average?
Impendulo
Total = average × number of values.
Ikhadi 55
Umbuzo
How do you choose between two plausible reading inferences?
Impendulo
Choose the one with the tighter textual chain and fewer assumptions. Plausibility in the real world is secondary.
Ikhadi 56
Umbuzo
What quick check can catch a calculator-entry error?
Impendulo
Estimate the order of magnitude and direction first. An exact result far outside that range deserves another look.
Ikhadi 57
Umbuzo
How do you simplify a square root with a perfect-square factor?
Impendulo
Factor out the perfect square. For example, √72 = √(36 × 2) = 6√2.
Ikhadi 58
Umbuzo
What makes a new example parallel to one in the passage?
Impendulo
The same logical relationship. Match cause, contrast, exception, or function rather than shared subject matter.
Ikhadi 59
Umbuzo
When can work rates be added?
Impendulo
Add the stated constant rates when the workers operate simultaneously without interfering with one another. At 1/4 and 1/6 job per hour, together they complete 5/12 job per hour.
Ikhadi 60
Umbuzo
What is the denominator in a percent comparison?
Impendulo
The stated reference value. “A as a percent of B” means A divided by B, then multiplied by 100.
Ikhadi 61
Umbuzo
How do you translate “5 less than x”?
Impendulo
x − 5. The phrase “less than” reverses the spoken order.
Ikhadi 62
Umbuzo
In Data Sufficiency, what should you check before testing values?
Impendulo
The full domain. Honor stated restrictions and implicit ones such as positive lengths or nonzero divisors before judging sufficiency.
Ikhadi 63
Umbuzo
How do you add fractions with different denominators?
Impendulo
Rewrite them with a common denominator, then add the numerators. For example, 2/3 + 1/4 = 8/12 + 3/12 = 11/12.
Ikhadi 64
Umbuzo
How do you distinguish description from argument in a passage?
Impendulo
Description presents what happened or what a view says; argument gives reasons to accept, reject, or revise a claim.
Ikhadi 65
Umbuzo
How should you compare decimals with different lengths?
Impendulo
Append trailing zeros and compare place by place. For example, compare 0.47 with 0.4700, which are equal.
Ikhadi 66
Umbuzo
How should combined statements be evaluated?
Impendulo
Intersect their constraints with the stem. The combination is sufficient only if every remaining case gives one answer.
Ikhadi 67
Umbuzo
How do you find common ground between two viewpoints?
Impendulo
Look for the narrow claim both accept, even if they disagree about its cause, importance, or implications.
Ikhadi 68
Umbuzo
How do you solve a proportion such as a/b = c/d?
Impendulo
Cross-multiply to get ad = bc, provided b and d are nonzero.
Ikhadi 69
Umbuzo
How is average speed computed?
Impendulo
Total distance divided by total time. It is not usually the simple mean of the segment speeds.
Ikhadi 70
Umbuzo
What does |x| represent?
Impendulo
The nonnegative distance from x to 0 on the number line.
Ikhadi 71
Umbuzo
Why are strongly emotional tone descriptions often wrong?
Impendulo
They overstate measured academic prose. Match the answer's intensity to the author's actual language.
Ikhadi 72
Umbuzo
What is the divisibility rule for 4?
Impendulo
The number formed by the last two digits must be divisible by 4.
Ikhadi 73
Umbuzo
Can the ordinary percent-change formula be applied directly when the original value is zero or negative?
Impendulo
No. The ordinary GMAT rule assumes original > 0. Change from zero is undefined, and a negative baseline requires context-specific interpretation.
Ikhadi 74
Umbuzo
Why can a true statement still be a wrong answer?
Impendulo
It may not answer the question asked. Check the task—main idea, detail, inference, role, or purpose—before checking truth.
Ikhadi 75
Umbuzo
When must a weighted average lie between its component values?
Impendulo
When every weight is nonnegative and the total weight is positive. The average then lies between the smallest and largest component values.
Ikhadi 76
Umbuzo
How do you express an integer n divided by d with remainder r?
Impendulo
n = dq + r, where q is an integer and 0 ≤ r < d for positive d.
Ikhadi 77
Umbuzo
What does an inequality usually provide?
Impendulo
A range, not a unique value. It can still be sufficient if the question asks whether a threshold is crossed.
Ikhadi 78
Umbuzo
How should you handle an EXCEPT detail prompt?
Impendulo
Verify four statements against the passage and select the one that isn't supported. Keep the reversed task visible while checking each choice.
Ikhadi 79
Umbuzo
How should you set up a unit conversion?
Impendulo
Multiply by a conversion factor equal to 1, placing units so the unwanted unit cancels.
Ikhadi 80
Umbuzo
Can two individually insufficient statements remain insufficient together?
Impendulo
Yes. They may repeat the same limitation or still leave multiple valid answers.
Ikhadi 81
Umbuzo
For a positive base, how do you simplify a power raised to another power?
Impendulo
Multiply the exponents: (aᵐ)ⁿ = a^(mn).
Ikhadi 82
Umbuzo
When can you infer that an author accepts a claim?
Impendulo
When the author endorses it directly or relies on it without distancing language. Merely reporting another person's view isn't endorsement.
Ikhadi 83
Umbuzo
How should successive percentage changes be combined?
Impendulo
Multiply their factors. A 10% rise followed by a 10% fall gives 1.10 × 0.90 = 0.99, a 1% net fall.
Ikhadi 84
Umbuzo
What are compatible numbers in estimation?
Impendulo
Nearby numbers chosen to make mental arithmetic easy, such as 203 ÷ 9.9 ≈ 200 ÷ 10 = 20.
Ikhadi 85
Umbuzo
Which constraints are easy to overlook in a word problem?
Impendulo
Countability, positivity, distinctness, and capacity limits. Translate each noun and rule into a usable constraint.
Ikhadi 86
Umbuzo
How do you state the exact disagreement between two viewpoints?
Impendulo
Identify one claim that one side accepts and the other rejects. Don't substitute a topic that only one side discusses.
Ikhadi 87
Umbuzo
How do you represent three consecutive integers?
Impendulo
n, n + 1, and n + 2 for an integer n.
Ikhadi 88
Umbuzo
How do percentage points differ from percent change?
Impendulo
Percentage points are the direct difference between percentages. Moving from 20% to 25% is 5 points and a 25% relative increase.
Ikhadi 89
Umbuzo
What is a reversed-relationship trap?
Impendulo
It swaps cause and effect, support and conclusion, or the positions of two viewpoints while reusing familiar passage language.
Ikhadi 90
Umbuzo
How do you multiply two fractions?
Impendulo
Multiply numerator by numerator and denominator by denominator, canceling common factors when convenient.
Ikhadi 91
Umbuzo
How do direct and inverse proportion differ?
Impendulo
Direct:
y = kx; inverse:y = k/xforx ≠ 0.Ikhadi 92
Umbuzo
How do you recover an original value after a percentage increase?
Impendulo
Divide the new value by the growth factor. After a 20% increase, original = new ÷ 1.20.
Ikhadi 93
Umbuzo
When should absolute wording raise suspicion?
Impendulo
When the passage is qualified. Words such as always, never, entirely, and impossible require equally strong textual support.
Ikhadi 94
Umbuzo
What should you identify first in Data Sufficiency?
Impendulo
The exact target and answer type. Decide whether the stem asks for a value, a comparison, or a yes-or-no result.
Ikhadi 95
Umbuzo
What ending makes an integer divisible by 5 or by 10?
Impendulo
A last digit of 0 or 5 gives divisibility by 5; a last digit of 0 gives divisibility by 10.
Ikhadi 96
Umbuzo
How should a Data Sufficiency condition be handled?
Impendulo
Translate it into a precise constraint before testing sufficiency. Keep it separate from the conclusion you want.
Ikhadi 97
Umbuzo
How do you reject a half-right answer?
Impendulo
Test every part of it. One accurate clause can't rescue a second clause that distorts the passage or exceeds its scope.
Ikhadi 98
Umbuzo
When you convert a positive measurement to a smaller linear unit, what happens to its numerical value?
Impendulo
It increases. Multiply by the number of smaller units in one larger unit.
Ikhadi 99
Umbuzo
DS example: Is x > 5? Statement: x > 3. Is the statement sufficient?
Impendulo
No. Both x = 4 and x = 6 satisfy the statement, but they answer the stem differently.
Ikhadi 100
Umbuzo
What is a⁰ when a is nonzero?
Impendulo
- The nonzero-base condition matters because 0⁰ is not assigned this rule.
Ikhadi 101
Umbuzo
Which claim is the argument trying to establish?
Impendulo
The main conclusion. Find the claim supported by the other statements, then check that it answers the argument's central issue.
Ikhadi 102
Umbuzo
When should the two statements be combined?
Impendulo
When neither statement is sufficient alone. Use both constraints at once and test the remaining possibilities.
Ikhadi 103
Umbuzo
A positive number rounds to 8.2 to the nearest tenth. What interval contains it?
Impendulo
8.15 ≤ x < 8.25. The lower endpoint rounds up to 8.2; the upper endpoint rounds to 8.3.
Ikhadi 104
Umbuzo
What should you check when the conclusion changes populations?
Impendulo
Whether the evidence applies to the new population. Results from volunteers, specialists, or one age group may not transfer to everyone.
Ikhadi 105
Umbuzo
How should test values be chosen in Data Sufficiency?
Impendulo
Choose valid values that probe boundaries, signs, and distinct outcomes. Random easy values can miss the deciding case.
Ikhadi 106
Umbuzo
How do you translate “A is 30% more than B”?
Impendulo
A = 1.30B. The percentage is based on B.
Ikhadi 107
Umbuzo
When can one equation involving two variables be sufficient for a target?
Impendulo
When every valid solution gives the same target value, even if neither variable is unique. For example, x + y = 10 is sufficient to determine x + y.
Ikhadi 108
Umbuzo
What does a correlation establish by itself?
Impendulo
Only that two things vary together. It doesn't establish which one causes the other or whether a third factor causes both.
Ikhadi 109
Umbuzo
How do you divide by a nonzero fraction?
Impendulo
Multiply by its reciprocal. For example, 3/5 ÷ 2/7 = 3/5 × 7/2.
Ikhadi 110
Umbuzo
Why is a ratio often insufficient for an absolute value?
Impendulo
A ratio fixes relative size but usually leaves the scale free. Many proportional pairs can share the same ratio.
Ikhadi 111
Umbuzo
What is the divisibility rule for 9?
Impendulo
The sum of the digits must be divisible by 9.
Ikhadi 112
Umbuzo
What matters most when applying a sample result to a population?
Impendulo
Representativeness. The sample must resemble the target population on traits that could affect the result.
Ikhadi 113
Umbuzo
What should you check after solving a squared equation?
Impendulo
Check every allowed root. If positive and negative roots produce different target answers, the information is insufficient.
Ikhadi 114
Umbuzo
What does a negative exponent mean?
Impendulo
It takes the reciprocal: a⁻ⁿ = 1/aⁿ for nonzero a.
Ikhadi 115
Umbuzo
Which baseline makes a comparison informative?
Impendulo
The baseline relevant to the claim. Compare the outcome with what would otherwise have happened, not merely with an unrelated earlier figure.
Ikhadi 116
Umbuzo
What risk appears when an equation factors into multiple branches?
Impendulo
Each branch may create valid cases. Test all branches against the stem before deciding sufficiency.
Ikhadi 117
Umbuzo
How can you compare two positive fractions quickly?
Impendulo
Compare their cross-products. For a/b and c/d with positive denominators, compare ad with bc.
Ikhadi 118
Umbuzo
What may be assumed from a Data Sufficiency diagram?
Impendulo
Only marked or stated facts. Do not infer scale, equality, perpendicularity, or midpoint status from appearance.
Ikhadi 119
Umbuzo
What multiplier represents a p percent increase or decrease?
Impendulo
Use 1 + p/100 for an increase and 1 − p/100 for a decrease.
Ikhadi 120
Umbuzo
Which statements count as evidence?
Impendulo
The statements offered as reasons to accept another claim. Evidence may be factual or assumed for the argument, even if it isn't proven in real life.
Ikhadi 121
Umbuzo
Can a mean determine an individual observation?
Impendulo
Not by itself. A mean fixes the total, but different sets can have that total unless more constraints apply.
Ikhadi 122
Umbuzo
What weakens a move from past evidence to a present claim?
Impendulo
A relevant change over time. New technology, prices, rules, or behavior can make the earlier evidence a poor guide.
Ikhadi 123
Umbuzo
A value becomes 96 after a 20% increase. What was the original value?
Impendulo
- Divide the final value by the growth multiplier: 96 ÷ 1.2 = 80.
Ikhadi 124
Umbuzo
How do extreme valid cases help in Data Sufficiency?
Impendulo
They expose whether the target can change. Test the smallest, largest, or boundary cases allowed by the conditions.
Ikhadi 125
Umbuzo
How do you test for reverse causation?
Impendulo
Ask whether the alleged effect could instead cause the alleged cause. Productive teams may meet more because they are productive, not the reverse.
Ikhadi 126
Umbuzo
Must a sufficient statement make every variable unique?
Impendulo
No. It only needs to make the requested target unique, even if other variables remain undetermined.
Ikhadi 127
Umbuzo
A price rises 20% and then falls 20%. Does it return to its original value?
Impendulo
No. The multipliers give 1.20 × 0.80 = 0.96, so the final price is 4% below the original.
Ikhadi 128
Umbuzo
Why can a voluntary survey be biased?
Impendulo
People who choose to respond may differ from those who don't. Strong opinions or extra interest can distort the sample.
Ikhadi 129
Umbuzo
How do you expand a(b + c)?
Impendulo
ab + ac. The outside factor multiplies every term inside the parentheses.
Ikhadi 130
Umbuzo
What should the final Data Sufficiency decision describe?
Impendulo
Which information set guarantees an answer. It should not report the target’s numerical value.
Ikhadi 131
Umbuzo
What is the goal when solving a linear equation?
Impendulo
Isolate the variable by applying equivalent operations to both sides.
Ikhadi 132
Umbuzo
DS example: Is integer n even? Statement: n = 7. Is the statement sufficient?
Impendulo
Yes. It guarantees one answer—no. A statement can be sufficient even when that answer is negative.
Ikhadi 133
Umbuzo
When must an inequality sign reverse?
Impendulo
When both sides are multiplied or divided by a negative number.
Ikhadi 134
Umbuzo
What must be checked before comparing two groups?
Impendulo
Whether they differ in other relevant ways. Age, experience, starting level, or incentives may explain the outcome instead.
Ikhadi 135
Umbuzo
When is substitution preferable to elimination in a two-equation system?
Impendulo
Use substitution when one variable is already isolated or easy to isolate; use elimination when coefficients cancel easily.
Ikhadi 136
Umbuzo
What should you build before analyzing Multi-Source Reasoning material?
Impendulo
A quick source map. Note what each tab or document contains, who produced it, and the relevant date or scope.
Ikhadi 137
Umbuzo
How do you separate background from evidence?
Impendulo
Ask whether the statement supports a claim. Background sets context; evidence does logical work in moving the argument toward a conclusion.
Ikhadi 138
Umbuzo
Which algebraic terms can be combined?
Impendulo
Terms with the same variable part and exponents. For example, 3x² and −5x² combine, but 3x² and 3x do not.
Ikhadi 139
Umbuzo
When should you read the Multi-Source Reasoning question?
Impendulo
Before a deep read of every source. The question tells you which details deserve attention.
Ikhadi 140
Umbuzo
What is a reliable first step for an equation containing several fractions?
Impendulo
Multiply every term by the least common denominator, then solve the simpler equation.
Ikhadi 141
Umbuzo
Why does source provenance matter?
Impendulo
It defines what a claim can support. An internal forecast and an audited result do not carry the same evidentiary weight.
Ikhadi 142
Umbuzo
What should you test when evidence comes from a different setting?
Impendulo
Whether the settings differ in a way that affects the result. A finding from one market, school, or climate may not carry over unchanged.
Ikhadi 143
Umbuzo
What does an “and” compound inequality require?
Impendulo
The overlap of both solution sets. A value must satisfy both conditions.
Ikhadi 144
Umbuzo
What should you compare before combining claims from two sources?
Impendulo
Their population, period, units, and definitions. Matching labels can hide different scopes.
Ikhadi 145
Umbuzo
How can a third factor undermine a causal claim?
Impendulo
It may explain both events, so their correlation no longer establishes a direct causal link by itself. Hot weather can raise both cold-drink sales and pool attendance.
Ikhadi 146
Umbuzo
What do one, zero, or infinitely many solutions mean for two linear equations in two variables?
Impendulo
The lines intersect once, are parallel and distinct, or are the same line, respectively.
Ikhadi 147
Umbuzo
How should records from separate sources be linked?
Impendulo
Use a shared key with the same meaning in both sources, such as product code and month. Do not join on a vague label alone.
Ikhadi 148
Umbuzo
How do you factor 6x + 9?
Impendulo
3(2x + 3). Pull out the greatest common factor.
Ikhadi 149
Umbuzo
When does nonresponse threaten a survey result?
Impendulo
When nonrespondents may answer differently from respondents. A high response count doesn't fix a systematic missing group.
Ikhadi 150
Umbuzo
What is the first step when two sources seem inconsistent?
Impendulo
Compare definitions, dates, units, and aggregation levels. Many apparent conflicts come from mismatched frames.
amakhadi angu-300
GMAT Flashcards: Quant, Verbal & Data Insights Decisions
Funda leli qoqo mahhalaI-Nibomo iyavuleka ukuze uqale ukufunda.
Ikhadi 151
Umbuzo
When can you use the zero-product property?
Impendulo
After rewriting a product equal to zero. If (x − 2)(x + 5) = 0, then x = 2 or x = −5.
Ikhadi 152
Umbuzo
How does an inference differ from a stated fact?
Impendulo
A fact appears directly in a source; an inference must follow from the sources without an extra assumption.
Ikhadi 153
Umbuzo
Does a higher percentage by itself prove a higher count?
Impendulo
No. The underlying totals matter. Twenty percent of 1,000 is more than fifty percent of 100.
Ikhadi 154
Umbuzo
What does an “or” compound inequality require?
Impendulo
The union of the solution sets. A value may satisfy either condition or both.
Ikhadi 155
Umbuzo
What does a blank or omitted value establish?
Impendulo
Only that the value is not provided. It does not establish zero, no change, or failure.
Ikhadi 156
Umbuzo
How do you recognize an intermediate conclusion?
Impendulo
It is supported by one claim and supports another. It acts as both a conclusion and a premise in the same argument.
Ikhadi 157
Umbuzo
What should you do before writing equations for a two-quantity word problem?
Impendulo
Define each variable with its unit, then translate one independent relationship per equation.
Ikhadi 158
Umbuzo
Why should cross-source events be placed in time order?
Impendulo
Sequence separates prior conditions from later outcomes and prevents using future information as an earlier cause.
Ikhadi 159
Umbuzo
When should candidate solutions be checked in the original equation?
Impendulo
Always after a step that may introduce solutions, especially squaring both sides or clearing variable denominators.
Ikhadi 160
Umbuzo
How can switching from one measured outcome to another create a gap?
Impendulo
Evidence about one metric may not support a conclusion about another. More website visits, for example, don't by themselves mean more sales.
Ikhadi 161
Umbuzo
What makes a source relevant to a claim?
Impendulo
It supplies evidence for a required link in the claim. Related background alone is not enough.
Ikhadi 162
Umbuzo
How do you solve a factored polynomial inequality reliably?
Impendulo
Find the zeros, split the number line into intervals, and test each interval's sign. Include a zero only when equality is allowed.
Ikhadi 163
Umbuzo
Does happening first prove causation?
Impendulo
No. The timing may fit a causal story, but coincidence or another cause can still explain the later event.
Ikhadi 164
Umbuzo
How can you spot an unsupported cross-source conclusion?
Impendulo
Identify the bridge between evidence and conclusion. If the sources never establish that bridge, the conclusion needs an assumption.
Ikhadi 165
Umbuzo
What do 0 = 0 and 0 = 5 mean after simplifying an equation?
Impendulo
0 = 0 means every allowed value is a solution; 0 = 5 means there is no solution.
Ikhadi 166
Umbuzo
What should you verify before comparing figures from different sources?
Impendulo
Common units and denominators. Convert first, then compare the same quantity on the same basis.
Ikhadi 167
Umbuzo
How do you interpret |x − a| < r when r is positive?
Impendulo
x is within r units of a: a − r < x < a + r.
Ikhadi 168
Umbuzo
What can a larger sample improve?
Impendulo
Precision, if the sampling method is sound. A huge biased sample can still give a confidently wrong picture of the population.
Ikhadi 169
Umbuzo
How should a cross-source recommendation be evaluated?
Impendulo
Apply the stated decision rule to the combined evidence. Do not substitute a personal preference for the rule.
Ikhadi 170
Umbuzo
If a worker finishes one job in t hours, what is the worker's hourly rate?
Impendulo
1/t of the job per hour.
Ikhadi 171
Umbuzo
What can an average hide?
Impendulo
The distribution. Two groups can share an average while differing sharply in range, concentration, or the number of extreme values.
Ikhadi 172
Umbuzo
What should you confirm before submitting a Multi-Source Reasoning answer?
Impendulo
That every required part is supported by the correct source and scope. One unsupported component can invalidate the whole decision.
Ikhadi 173
Umbuzo
How do you find the amount of a pure component in a mixture?
Impendulo
Concentration × total mixture amount. A 30% solution with volume 20 contains 0.30 × 20 = 6 units of the component.
Ikhadi 174
Umbuzo
What role does a concession usually play?
Impendulo
It acknowledges a point that weighs against the conclusion, then answers that point or limits its relevance. Don't mistake the conceded claim for the argument's main conclusion.
Ikhadi 175
Umbuzo
When can an apparent cross-source discrepancy be resolved?
Impendulo
When a stated difference in scope or method explains both figures. If no bridge is given, keep the conflict open.
Ikhadi 176
Umbuzo
What is the two-set overlap formula?
Impendulo
In A or B = in A + in B − in both. Subtract the overlap because it was counted twice.
Ikhadi 177
Umbuzo
What should you identify first in Table Analysis?
Impendulo
The row unit, column definitions, and any notes. This establishes what one record and each value represent.
Ikhadi 178
Umbuzo
What is the fundamental counting principle?
Impendulo
Multiply the choices at successive stages when each stage has a fixed number of available choices.
Ikhadi 179
Umbuzo
Why distinguish relative change from absolute change?
Impendulo
Relative change is the percentage change; absolute change is the amount added or lost. A 50% rise from 2 adds 1, while a 10% rise from 1,000 adds 100.
Ikhadi 180
Umbuzo
How should a table filter be translated?
Impendulo
Turn it into an exact inclusion rule. Apply every condition before counting or comparing rows.
Ikhadi 181
Umbuzo
For equally likely outcomes, what is the basic probability formula?
Impendulo
Favorable outcomes divided by total possible outcomes.
Ikhadi 182
Umbuzo
What makes a proposed causal mechanism useful?
Impendulo
It explains how the cause could produce the effect. A plausible, evidence-backed mechanism strengthens the causal link.
Ikhadi 183
Umbuzo
How do you find the median?
Impendulo
Order the values and take the middle value; for an even count, average the two middle values.
Ikhadi 184
Umbuzo
How should numeric values be sorted?
Impendulo
By numerical value, not digit order. For example, 12 comes after 9 in ascending order.
Ikhadi 185
Umbuzo
What is missed when evidence includes only successful cases?
Impendulo
The failures. Studying only surviving firms can make a strategy look safer or more effective than it is.
Ikhadi 186
Umbuzo
Two machines have stated constant rates of 1/3 and 1/5 job per hour and operate simultaneously without interference. May their rates be added?
Impendulo
Yes. The stated rates are constant and the machines do not interfere, so their combined rate is 1/3 + 1/5 = 8/15 job per hour.
Ikhadi 187
Umbuzo
How should a table ratio be built when filters are involved?
Impendulo
Derive the numerator and denominator separately from the question, then apply each filter only where it is relevant. Do not automatically filter both quantities or default to all rows.
Ikhadi 188
Umbuzo
What quantity is conserved when two solutions are mixed without loss?
Impendulo
The amount of the pure component. Set the sum of the starting component amounts equal to the final component amount.
Ikhadi 189
Umbuzo
When may table rows be added directly?
Impendulo
Only when they are disjoint parts of the same measure and use compatible units. Overlapping groups would be double-counted.
Ikhadi 190
Umbuzo
What does n! mean for a positive integer n?
Impendulo
The product of the positive integers from 1 through n.
Ikhadi 191
Umbuzo
Where is the argument's logical gap?
Impendulo
Between the evidence and the conclusion. State what must connect them without merely repeating either side.
Ikhadi 192
Umbuzo
How do you find the number in neither of two sets?
Impendulo
Subtract the number in the union from the total population.
Ikhadi 193
Umbuzo
How should rates from table groups be combined?
Impendulo
Divide the total numerator by the total denominator. Weight a group rate by its group size only when that size is the rate's denominator.
Ikhadi 194
Umbuzo
What is wrong with moving from some cases to all cases?
Impendulo
The conclusion is broader than the evidence. Evidence that some members have a trait doesn't show that every member does.
Ikhadi 195
Umbuzo
When should you use a permutation?
Impendulo
When selecting and arranging items and order matters. The number of ordered selections of r from n distinct items is n!/(n − r)!.
Ikhadi 196
Umbuzo
Why does table granularity matter?
Impendulo
A row-level fact may disappear or change after aggregation. Match the claim to the table’s level of detail.
Ikhadi 197
Umbuzo
How do you find the probability that an event does not occur?
Impendulo
1 − P(event). This is often the quickest route for “at least one” questions.
Ikhadi 198
Umbuzo
Why does a comparable control group help test causation?
Impendulo
It shows what happened without the suspected cause. If the groups differ mainly in that factor, the result is harder to explain another way.
Ikhadi 199
Umbuzo
How should missing table entries be treated?
Impendulo
As unknown unless the notes define another meaning. Exclude or include them only as the question directs.
Ikhadi 200
Umbuzo
What is the mode of a data set?
Impendulo
A mode is any value with the greatest frequency. Under the no-mode convention, there is no mode only when at least two distinct values all have equal frequency.
Ikhadi 201
Umbuzo
What makes a table comparison valid?
Impendulo
The values must have compatible measures, units, periods, populations, and definitions. Normalize only validly convertible differences; reject differences in population, period, or definition that cannot be reconciled.
Ikhadi 202
Umbuzo
What should you check when a prediction extends a past pattern?
Impendulo
Whether the conditions behind the past pattern will continue. A trend alone doesn't show that its causes will remain in place.
Ikhadi 203
Umbuzo
How should a drain or other undoing process enter a work-rate equation?
Impendulo
As a negative rate. Add productive rates and subtract rates that reverse the work.
Ikhadi 204
Umbuzo
How can you avoid losing your place while scanning a table?
Impendulo
Evaluate one condition at a time and mark qualifying rows mentally or on the scratchpad. Count only after the final filter.
Ikhadi 205
Umbuzo
Can evidence that an outcome is possible show it is likely?
Impendulo
No. Possibility only shows that an outcome can occur; probability requires evidence about how likely it is.
Ikhadi 206
Umbuzo
What correction is needed when counting the union of three sets?
Impendulo
Add the three individual counts, subtract all three pairwise overlaps, then add the triple overlap back once.
Ikhadi 207
Umbuzo
When does a filtered table support a decision?
Impendulo
When the qualifying rows satisfy the stated rule. Keep filtering, calculation, and decision as separate steps.
Ikhadi 208
Umbuzo
When should you use a combination?
Impendulo
When selecting items and order does not matter. The number of selections of r from n distinct items is n!/[r!(n − r)!].
Ikhadi 209
Umbuzo
What must support a recommendation?
Impendulo
A link from the proposed action to the stated goal. The argument also needs the action to be feasible and free of costs that defeat the goal.
Ikhadi 210
Umbuzo
How do AND and OR change a table filter?
Impendulo
AND requires every condition; OR requires at least one. Parenthesize mixed rules before scanning rows.
Ikhadi 211
Umbuzo
How do you find the probability that independent events both occur?
Impendulo
Multiply their probabilities: P(A and B) = P(A) × P(B).
Ikhadi 212
Umbuzo
What can make an alphabetical sort misleading?
Impendulo
Labels may contain categories or embedded numbers. Confirm whether the column is text, numeric, or chronological.
Ikhadi 213
Umbuzo
What kind of fact most directly strengthens an argument?
Impendulo
A fact that supports the missing link between evidence and conclusion. Merely repeating a premise adds little.
Ikhadi 214
Umbuzo
What is the range of a data set?
Impendulo
Maximum value minus minimum value.
Ikhadi 215
Umbuzo
What should you check at a filter cutoff?
Impendulo
Whether the boundary is inclusive. “At least 40” includes 40; “more than 40” does not.
Ikhadi 216
Umbuzo
A train covers 150 miles in 3 hours at a constant rate. What is its rate?
Impendulo
50 miles per hour. Rearrange distance = rate × time to get rate = 150 ÷ 3.
Ikhadi 217
Umbuzo
What is the most direct way to weaken an argument?
Impendulo
Undermine a necessary assumption connecting the evidence to the conclusion. The premises can remain true while the conclusion loses support.
Ikhadi 218
Umbuzo
What does a tie in the sorted column imply?
Impendulo
The tied rows share rank on that measure. Their display order does not create a performance difference.
Ikhadi 219
Umbuzo
How do you identify a useful evaluation question?
Impendulo
Test whether opposite answers would push the argument in opposite directions. If both answers leave the conclusion unchanged, the question isn't useful.
Ikhadi 220
Umbuzo
What should you identify first in Graphics Interpretation?
Impendulo
The chart type and what each visual encoding represents. Bars, lines, areas, and points support different readings.
Ikhadi 221
Umbuzo
How do repeated identical items affect arrangement counts?
Impendulo
For n total items, divide n! by the factorial of each repeated count. Identical items do not create new arrangements when swapped.
Ikhadi 222
Umbuzo
What should you read before estimating a plotted value?
Impendulo
Both axis labels, units, and category order. Position has meaning only after the axes are understood.
Ikhadi 223
Umbuzo
How do you test whether a statement is a necessary assumption?
Impendulo
Negate it. If that negation seriously damages the argument, the original statement was necessary.
Ikhadi 224
Umbuzo
How do you find the probability that one of two mutually exclusive events occurs?
Impendulo
Add their probabilities: P(A or B) = P(A) + P(B). Their overlap is zero.
Ikhadi 225
Umbuzo
What should you verify in a chart legend?
Impendulo
Which color, shape, or line maps to each series. Similar styling can otherwise swap the groups in your interpretation.
Ikhadi 226
Umbuzo
What does standard deviation measure?
Impendulo
How spread out values are around the mean. Greater dispersion means a larger standard deviation.
Ikhadi 227
Umbuzo
What standard should an inference meet?
Impendulo
It must follow from the given statements, without extra assumptions. Choose the modest claim the evidence guarantees.
Ikhadi 228
Umbuzo
What does a segment’s share depend on?
Impendulo
The correct whole. A category’s share of one region may differ from its share of the full dataset.
Ikhadi 229
Umbuzo
For motion along the same line, when do you add or subtract two speeds to get relative speed?
Impendulo
Add the speeds for opposite directions; subtract the smaller speed from the larger for the same direction.
Ikhadi 230
Umbuzo
What must a paradox explanation accomplish?
Impendulo
Make both surprising facts plausible at the same time. Rejecting either stated fact doesn't resolve the tension.
Ikhadi 231
Umbuzo
How is a segment in a stacked bar measured?
Impendulo
Subtract its lower boundary from its upper boundary. The upper endpoint alone is cumulative, not the segment value.
Ikhadi 232
Umbuzo
Eight students average 70 and twelve students average 80. What is the combined mean?
Impendulo
- The group sizes are the weights: (8 × 70 + 12 × 80) ÷ 20 = 76.
Ikhadi 233
Umbuzo
What is the difference between a graph’s level and its rate of change?
Impendulo
Level is the plotted value; rate of change is the slope. A high line can still be falling.
Ikhadi 234
Umbuzo
How should you describe a statement's role in an argument?
Impendulo
Describe what it does, not just what it says. It may support the conclusion, present an objection, answer that objection, or illustrate a principle.
Ikhadi 235
Umbuzo
What is P(A given B)?
Impendulo
P(A and B) / P(B), provided P(B) > 0. Restrict the sample space to outcomes in B.
Ikhadi 236
Umbuzo
How should slope be compared across a graph?
Impendulo
Use change in vertical value divided by change in horizontal value. Visual steepness is reliable only on the same scales.
Ikhadi 237
Umbuzo
A driver covers equal distances at 30 mph and 60 mph. Is the average speed 45 mph?
Impendulo
No. Using 60 miles for each leg gives 120 miles in 3 hours, so the average speed is 40 mph.
Ikhadi 238
Umbuzo
What should you identify first when evaluating a plan?
Impendulo
The plan's exact goal and success measure. A proposal can produce benefits yet still fail its stated objective.
Ikhadi 239
Umbuzo
What does a trend in a scatterplot establish?
Impendulo
An association in the displayed data. It does not by itself establish causation or predict every individual point.
Ikhadi 240
Umbuzo
How can you strengthen a causal explanation?
Impendulo
Rule out a credible alternative cause, support the proposed mechanism, or show the effect changes when the proposed cause changes.
Ikhadi 241
Umbuzo
How can an outlier affect a graphical trend?
Impendulo
It can pull a summary line or average away from the main cluster. Check whether the claim concerns all points or the typical pattern.
Ikhadi 242
Umbuzo
Why do probabilities usually change when sampling without replacement?
Impendulo
The sample space changes after each draw. Update both the favorable count and the total before multiplying conditional probabilities.
Ikhadi 243
Umbuzo
One value in an n-value set increases by d. How does the mean change?
Impendulo
It increases by d/n because the total rises by d while the count stays fixed.
Ikhadi 244
Umbuzo
When does a counterexample weaken a claim?
Impendulo
When the claim requires the counterexample not to exist. One genuine exception can defeat an absolute claim, but may barely affect a modest one.
Ikhadi 245
Umbuzo
What is the parity of the sum of two odd integers?
Impendulo
Even. Each odd integer is one more than an even integer, so the two extra ones add to 2.
Ikhadi 246
Umbuzo
What can an aggregate graph hide?
Impendulo
Differences among subgroups or periods. A stable total can coexist with large offsetting changes inside it.
Ikhadi 247
Umbuzo
When is interpolation reasonable on a graph?
Impendulo
When the graph implies continuity between nearby points. Do not interpolate across separate categories.
Ikhadi 248
Umbuzo
What makes information relevant to evaluating an argument?
Impendulo
It bears on the uncertain link the conclusion depends on. Interesting facts about the topic may still be logically irrelevant.
Ikhadi 249
Umbuzo
How precise should a value read from a graph be?
Impendulo
Only as precise as the scale supports. Use a defensible interval when the mark falls between ticks.
Ikhadi 250
Umbuzo
Must a necessary assumption prove the conclusion?
Impendulo
No. It only has to be required for the argument to work; it need not be enough to establish the conclusion on its own.
Ikhadi 251
Umbuzo
How do you multiply positive numbers written in scientific notation?
Impendulo
Multiply the coefficients, add the powers of 10, then adjust the coefficient to be at least 1 and less than 10.
Ikhadi 252
Umbuzo
How should a graph-based decision be made?
Impendulo
Translate the visual into values or bounds, then apply the stated rule. Do not decide from appearance alone.
Ikhadi 253
Umbuzo
When is backsolving from answer choices especially useful?
Impendulo
When the choices are concrete values and direct algebra is slower than testing them in the original conditions.
Ikhadi 254
Umbuzo
How can axis scale distort a visual impression?
Impendulo
Unequal intervals or a truncated baseline can magnify or compress differences. Use tick values, not apparent distance alone.
Ikhadi 255
Umbuzo
When should you combine two statements for an inference?
Impendulo
When they share a term or relationship that creates a guaranteed consequence. Don't combine them through an unstated causal or statistical link.
Ikhadi 256
Umbuzo
When is a product of integers odd?
Impendulo
Only when every factor is odd. One even factor makes the entire product even.
Ikhadi 257
Umbuzo
What often resolves two apparently conflicting results?
Impendulo
A hidden difference in group, time, measurement, or conditions. The results may describe different slices of the situation.
Ikhadi 258
Umbuzo
How should equal distances on a logarithmic axis be interpreted?
Impendulo
As equal multiplicative changes, not equal absolute changes. Read the labeled values before comparing gaps.
Ikhadi 259
Umbuzo
Why start with a middle answer choice when backsolving ordered options?
Impendulo
Its result often eliminates half the choices at once when the relationship is monotonic.
Ikhadi 260
Umbuzo
What makes a Two-Part Analysis response complete?
Impendulo
Both selections must satisfy their own column prompts under the same stem. Treat the pair as one submitted response.
Ikhadi 261
Umbuzo
What is an analogy doing when it supports a claim?
Impendulo
It argues that because two cases share relevant features, a result or principle from one likely applies to the other.
Ikhadi 262
Umbuzo
How do you represent three consecutive odd integers?
Impendulo
n, n + 2, and n + 4, where n is an odd integer.
Ikhadi 263
Umbuzo
What should you identify before solving Two-Part Analysis?
Impendulo
The role of each column. One may ask for a condition while the other asks for a consequence or decision.
Ikhadi 264
Umbuzo
What values should you test first in a claim about an unspecified number?
Impendulo
Test allowed categories that may behave differently: positive, negative, zero, fractional, and boundary values.
Ikhadi 265
Umbuzo
How can an unchanged bottleneck defeat a plan?
Impendulo
Improving a nonlimiting step won't improve the final outcome if another constraint still controls it. Faster ordering doesn't help when production is already full.
Ikhadi 266
Umbuzo
How does the shared stem affect the two parts?
Impendulo
Its definitions and constraints apply to both. Keep them fixed while testing each column’s requirement.
Ikhadi 267
Umbuzo
How do you count the positive divisors of an integer greater than 1 from its prime factorization?
Impendulo
Add 1 to each prime exponent, then multiply those results.
Ikhadi 268
Umbuzo
In Two-Part Analysis, must the two selected entries be the same?
Impendulo
In the current format, the two selected entries may be the same or different. A linkage in the stem determines whether you must reason through them jointly, not whether their values match.
Ikhadi 269
Umbuzo
What makes evidence for a general claim strong?
Impendulo
It should be relevant and reliable and, if case-based, come from representative cases. More evidence isn't automatically better evidence.
Ikhadi 270
Umbuzo
How do you factor a difference of squares?
Impendulo
Use x² − y² = (x − y)(x + y).
Ikhadi 271
Umbuzo
When should the two Two-Part Analysis selections be solved together?
Impendulo
When one shared relationship constrains both. Test candidate pairs against that relationship instead of solving isolated fragments.
Ikhadi 272
Umbuzo
How can one counterexample evaluate a universal claim?
Impendulo
One valid counterexample disproves a claim that is supposed to hold for every allowed value.
Ikhadi 273
Umbuzo
How does an alternative explanation weaken a conclusion?
Impendulo
It shows that the evidence can be true without the proposed explanation being true. The alternative must account for the same result.
Ikhadi 274
Umbuzo
In Two-Part Analysis, how can one column help solve the other?
Impendulo
A valid selection can narrow the remaining candidates when the parts share a constraint. Recheck the final pair in both columns.
Ikhadi 275
Umbuzo
How do you test whether x² + bx + c factors into integer binomials?
Impendulo
Look for integers r and s with r + s = b and rs = c. If they exist, the factorization is (x + r)(x + s).
Ikhadi 276
Umbuzo
Which unknown should you evaluate first in a plan argument?
Impendulo
A condition that could make the plan achieve or miss its goal. Focus on feasibility, response, costs, and side effects tied to that goal.
Ikhadi 277
Umbuzo
How should a trade-off between two measures be evaluated?
Impendulo
Apply the stated priorities or limits. An option is better only relative to the rule, not because one measure is largest.
Ikhadi 278
Umbuzo
How can estimation screen answer choices before exact calculation?
Impendulo
Approximate the expression's magnitude, then eliminate choices that are far too large or too small.
Ikhadi 279
Umbuzo
In a constrained-decision Two-Part Analysis problem, what should you check before comparing candidates?
Impendulo
Check every hard constraint first. Discard any option that breaks a required limit, then compare only the feasible candidates.
Ikhadi 280
Umbuzo
What does a defensive assumption do?
Impendulo
It rules out a threat that would break the argument. For example, a revenue plan may assume that its added costs won't exceed the new revenue.
Ikhadi 281
Umbuzo
What restriction applies when a variable appears in a denominator?
Impendulo
Exclude every value that makes the denominator zero.
Ikhadi 282
Umbuzo
How does an objective differ from a constraint?
Impendulo
A constraint determines what is allowed; an objective ranks the allowed options. Apply them in that order.
Ikhadi 283
Umbuzo
Which quick checks catch many Quant answer errors?
Impendulo
Check the sign, units, allowed range, and rough size against the question's conditions.
Ikhadi 284
Umbuzo
What inference is safe from a statement about most members?
Impendulo
More than half have the stated trait. You can't infer that all do, that any particular member does, or that most have another trait.
Ikhadi 285
Umbuzo
How should a two-part threshold rule be handled?
Impendulo
Translate each threshold with the correct inequality, including its boundary. Then test both selected values against it.
Ikhadi 286
Umbuzo
Where can one negative sign appear in a fraction without changing its value?
Impendulo
Before the fraction, in the numerator, or in the denominator: −(a/b) = (−a)/b = a/(−b), provided b ≠ 0.
Ikhadi 287
Umbuzo
How does an argument choose between competing explanations?
Impendulo
It presents evidence that one explanation handles better than the others, often by ruling out a rival prediction.
Ikhadi 288
Umbuzo
What is an efficient way to handle two linked algebraic targets?
Impendulo
Express both in terms of one variable or invariant. Evaluate candidate values only after the relationship is clear.
Ikhadi 289
Umbuzo
How do you solve x² = c over the real numbers?
Impendulo
If c > 0, x = ±√c; if c = 0, x = 0; if c < 0, there is no real solution.
Ikhadi 290
Umbuzo
What should you check when two selected quantities form a ratio?
Impendulo
Order and scale. The ratio A:B is not interchangeable with B:A, and proportional pairs may all fit.
Ikhadi 291
Umbuzo
How does a positive proper fraction compare with 1?
Impendulo
It is less than 1 because its numerator is smaller than its denominator.
Ikhadi 292
Umbuzo
Which side effects matter when evaluating a plan?
Impendulo
Effects that change the plan's net result or work against its goal. A small unrelated inconvenience usually doesn't matter.
Ikhadi 293
Umbuzo
How should a two-part logical claim be tested?
Impendulo
Separate the condition from the conclusion, then test whether each selected statement performs the requested role.
Ikhadi 294
Umbuzo
What is the solution pattern for |x| = a over the real numbers?
Impendulo
If a > 0, x = ±a; if a = 0, x = 0; if a < 0, there is no real solution.
Ikhadi 295
Umbuzo
What unit check belongs in a two-part quantitative answer?
Impendulo
Confirm that each selection has the unit requested by its column. Linked values may require different conversions.
Ikhadi 296
Umbuzo
Why does user response matter to a plan?
Impendulo
The plan may depend on people adopting, following, or not avoiding it. Availability alone doesn't guarantee the needed behavior.
Ikhadi 297
Umbuzo
A response rate rises from 40% to 50%. What are the percentage-point change and the relative percent increase?
Impendulo
The increase is 10 percentage points and 25% relative to the original rate: (50 − 40) ÷ 40 = 0.25.
Ikhadi 298
Umbuzo
What is the final check for Two-Part Analysis?
Impendulo
Read each column prompt with its chosen entry, then verify that the pair is jointly consistent with the stem.
Ikhadi 299
Umbuzo
For real x and y, what two linear cases are equivalent to x² = y²?
Impendulo
x = y or x = −y.
Ikhadi 300
Umbuzo
How should benefits and costs be compared in a plan argument?
Impendulo
By their net effect on the stated goal. A plan can create the intended benefit but still fail if its relevant costs are larger.
amakhadi angu-300
GMAT Flashcards: Quant, Verbal & Data Insights Decisions
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