GMAT Flashcards: Quant, Verbal & Data Insights Decisions
300 original flashcards for current-format GMAT Quant, Verbal, and Data Insights concepts, cues, and reusable decisions.
O tej talii
GMAT Flashcards: Quant, Verbal & Data Insights Decisions
Build quick recall for the current GMAT with 300 original cards across Quantitative Reasoning, Verbal Reasoning, and Data Insights. The deck focuses on reusable concepts and decisions; full-length practice belongs in official or properly licensed question banks.
What the cards map
- Quant maps numeric forms, terms, rules, and formulas to their meaning, conditions, or use. Short scenarios ask for the operation, equation, or answer check that fits.
- Verbal maps passage and argument cues to purpose, scope, evidence, inference, reasoning flaws, and evaluation moves.
- Data Insights maps targets, constraints, source and display cues, metrics, and evidence states to the interpretation or decision they support. It covers Data Sufficiency, Multi-Source Reasoning, Table Analysis, Graphics Interpretation, and Two-Part Analysis.
Learning order
The mixed sequence keeps all three sections in rotation. Quant foundations come before algebra, models, and strategy checks; passage reading comes before argument evaluation; shared data literacy comes before the five Data Insights formats. Closely related prompts are spaced apart so one card does not cue the next.
Current-format boundary
This deck has no geometry lessons or formula drills, Sentence Correction, or the retired Integrated Reasoning section. It also excludes timing, scoring, test-center policy, full passages, large data sets, and response-pattern tricks.
Every card is an original compact concept or decision prompt. No official or competitor questions, answer choices, explanations, mark schemes, curriculum text, logos, or trade dress were copied or adapted. See the official GMAT exam content and Data Insights preparation guidance for the current exam boundary.
This is an independent, unofficial study resource. It is not affiliated with, endorsed by, or sponsored by the Graduate Management Admission Council (GMAC). GMAT is used only to identify the exam.
Karty w tej talii
Karta 1
Pytanie
Which numerator-and-denominator operation creates an equivalent fraction?
Odpowiedź
Multiply or divide the numerator and denominator by the same nonzero number. The fraction's value stays unchanged.
Karta 2
Pytanie
What does data sufficiency ask you to determine?
Odpowiedź
Whether the information guarantees one answer. You usually don’t need to calculate that answer.
Karta 3
Pytanie
How do you form a passage's main idea?
Odpowiedź
Combine the passage's central topic with its main claim about that topic. The answer should cover the whole passage at the right level.
Karta 4
Pytanie
What does multiplying a decimal by 10ⁿ do when n is a positive integer?
Odpowiedź
It moves the decimal point n places to the right. Dividing by 10ⁿ moves it n places left.
Karta 5
Pytanie
What makes information sufficient for a value question?
Odpowiedź
It forces exactly one value for the target. Different values that satisfy all conditions make it insufficient.
Karta 6
Pytanie
How do you identify the passage's primary purpose?
Odpowiedź
Name what the author is doing with the topic: explaining, comparing, challenging, defending, or proposing. Keep content and action together.
Karta 7
Pytanie
How do you find p percent of a quantity q?
Odpowiedź
Compute (p/100) × q. Translate “of” as multiplication.
Karta 8
Pytanie
How can two valid cases prove insufficiency?
Odpowiedź
Make the cases produce different answers to the question. One clean counterexample pair is enough.
Karta 9
Pytanie
How do you determine a paragraph's role?
Odpowiedź
Connect the paragraph to what comes before and after it. Decide whether it introduces, supports, qualifies, contrasts, applies, or concludes the larger discussion.
Karta 10
Pytanie
A total of 45 is split in the ratio 2:3. What are the two parts?
Odpowiedź
18 and 27. The five ratio units are worth 45 ÷ 5 = 9 each.
Karta 11
Pytanie
Why can an integer restriction change sufficiency?
Odpowiedź
It removes noninteger possibilities. A range containing many real numbers may contain only one integer.
Karta 12
Pytanie
When is a product of signed factors negative?
Odpowiedź
Provided no factor is zero, an odd number of negative factors gives a negative product, while an even number gives a positive product. If any factor is zero, the product is zero.
Karta 13
Pytanie
How should two data-sufficiency statements be tested initially?
Odpowiedź
Test each statement independently against the stem. Do not carry information from one statement into the other.
Karta 14
Pytanie
What makes an integer greater than 1 prime?
Odpowiedź
It has exactly two positive divisors: 1 and itself.
Karta 15
Pytanie
What should you do first on a detail question?
Odpowiedź
Return to the relevant lines and read their local context. Memory tends to preserve the topic while blurring qualifications.
Karta 16
Pytanie
What is the divisibility rule for 2?
Odpowiedź
The last digit must be even: 0, 2, 4, 6, or 8.
Karta 17
Pytanie
How do you test whether a fact is relevant?
Odpowiedź
Connect it to the requested target. A true fact that does not narrow the target adds no decision value.
Karta 18
Pytanie
How far may a reading inference go beyond the text?
Odpowiedź
Only as far as the text strongly supports. Prefer the smallest justified step and reject claims needing outside knowledge.
Karta 19
Pytanie
Why is prime factorization useful in GMAT arithmetic?
Odpowiedź
It exposes divisibility, factors, greatest common factors, least common multiples, and perfect powers.
Karta 20
Pytanie
What must happen before quantities with different units are combined?
Odpowiedź
First confirm that their dimensions are compatible, then convert them to a common unit. Keep the unit attached through the calculation to catch mismatches.
Karta 21
Pytanie
How do you apply a passage principle to a new case?
Odpowiedź
Extract the principle's required conditions, then test whether the new case has them. Surface similarity isn't enough.
Karta 22
Pytanie
Which relationship connects distance, rate, and time?
Odpowiedź
Distance = rate × time. Rearrange only after the units are compatible.
Karta 23
Pytanie
How do you find a least common multiple from prime factorizations?
Odpowiedź
Take every prime that appears, using the largest exponent present.
Karta 24
Pytanie
How do you multiply powers with the same base?
Odpowiedź
Add the exponents: aᵐ × aⁿ = aᵐ⁺ⁿ.
Karta 25
Pytanie
How is a weighted average computed?
Odpowiedź
Divide the total weighted value by the total weight. For groups, use group size as the weight unless another weight is given.
Karta 26
Pytanie
What should a quick passage map record?
Odpowiedź
Each paragraph's role and major viewpoint, plus the passage's overall direction. Record structure, not a sentence-by-sentence summary.
Karta 27
Pytanie
What does the principal square root symbol √x return?
Odpowiedź
For real x ≥ 0, it is the nonnegative number whose square is x. For example, √9 = 3, not ±3.
Karta 28
Pytanie
When can bounds replace exact arithmetic?
Odpowiedź
When the bounds separate the viable decisions. Stop once every value in the interval leads to the same choice.
Karta 29
Pytanie
How do you keep viewpoints separate?
Odpowiedź
Attach each claim to its speaker: author, critic, researcher, or group. Track agreement, disagreement, and any later qualification.
Karta 30
Pytanie
How do “sum,” “product,” and “quotient” translate into algebra?
Odpowiedź
They mean addition, multiplication, and division, respectively.
Karta 31
Pytanie
How do you reduce a fraction to lowest terms?
Odpowiedź
Divide the numerator and denominator by their greatest common factor.
Karta 32
Pytanie
What evidence should determine the author's tone?
Odpowiedź
Evaluative words, qualifications, and the treatment of competing views. Topic alone doesn't establish approval, concern, or skepticism.
Karta 33
Pytanie
When should rounding usually occur?
Odpowiedź
At the end, unless estimation already settles the decision. Early rounding can move a result across a cutoff.
Karta 34
Pytanie
How do you convert a terminating decimal to a fraction?
Odpowiedź
Write the digits over the matching power of 10, then reduce. For example, 0.375 = 375/1000 = 3/8.
Karta 35
Pytanie
When should you stop calculating in a sufficiency problem?
Odpowiedź
As soon as uniqueness is proved or disproved. More arithmetic cannot change the sufficiency decision.
Karta 36
Pytanie
How do you spot an out-of-scope answer?
Odpowiedź
It introduces a person, period, cause, or consequence the passage doesn't address. Being reasonable doesn't make it textually supported.
Karta 37
Pytanie
What is the percent-change formula?
Odpowiedź
For original > 0, percent change = (new − original) / original × 100%. Percent change from zero is undefined; negative baselines require context-specific interpretation.
Karta 38
Pytanie
What makes information sufficient for a yes-or-no question?
Odpowiedź
It forces the same yes-or-no answer in every valid case. The underlying value may still vary.
Karta 39
Pytanie
What preserves a ratio when its quantities are scaled?
Odpowiedź
Multiplying or dividing both terms by the same nonzero factor preserves the ratio.
Karta 40
Pytanie
How do you reject a main-idea answer with the wrong scope?
Odpowiedź
Compare it with the whole passage. A detail-only answer is too narrow; a claim extending beyond the passage is too broad.
Karta 41
Pytanie
Why should you track whether a variable is positive, negative, or zero?
Odpowiedź
Sign controls valid cases and operations. Squaring can hide sign, and division requires a nonzero denominator.
Karta 42
Pytanie
How do you simplify subtraction of a negative number?
Odpowiedź
Change it to addition: a − (−b) = a + b.
Karta 43
Pytanie
Whose purpose matters in a primary-purpose question?
Odpowiedź
The passage author's purpose. A theory or researcher may be described at length without representing what the author ultimately wants to do.
Karta 44
Pytanie
When is the on-screen calculator most useful?
Odpowiedź
For tedious arithmetic after the setup is clear. It does not replace choosing the right relationship or denominator.
Karta 45
Pytanie
In Data Sufficiency, what stem information applies when testing either statement?
Odpowiedź
Everything in the question stem. Stem facts remain active for each statement and for the combination.
Karta 46
Pytanie
What is the divisibility rule for 3?
Odpowiedź
The sum of the digits must be divisible by 3.
Karta 47
Pytanie
What does a transition paragraph often do?
Odpowiedź
It closes one line of thought and sets up the next. Its role depends on both sides, not only on its first sentence.
Karta 48
Pytanie
When is a proxy measure useful?
Odpowiedź
When evidence shows it reliably tracks the target for the intended decision. Correlation may support prediction, but it proves neither causation nor suitability on its own.
Karta 49
Pytanie
How do you find a greatest common factor from prime factorizations?
Odpowiedź
Take each shared prime to the smaller exponent.
Karta 50
Pytanie
What is the arithmetic mean?
Odpowiedź
The sum of the values divided by the number of values.
Karta 51
Pytanie
What units should a rate have?
Odpowiedź
One quantity per another, such as kilometers per hour. The denominator tells you what the rate is measured against.
Karta 52
Pytanie
How do you divide powers with the same nonzero base?
Odpowiedź
Subtract the exponents: aᵐ ÷ aⁿ = aᵐ⁻ⁿ.
Karta 53
Pytanie
What makes a paraphrase faithful to a passage detail?
Odpowiedź
It preserves the original meaning, scope, and certainty in different words. Shared keywords alone don't make it accurate.
Karta 54
Pytanie
How do you recover a total from an average?
Odpowiedź
Total = average × number of values.
Karta 55
Pytanie
How do you choose between two plausible reading inferences?
Odpowiedź
Choose the one with the tighter textual chain and fewer assumptions. Plausibility in the real world is secondary.
Karta 56
Pytanie
What quick check can catch a calculator-entry error?
Odpowiedź
Estimate the order of magnitude and direction first. An exact result far outside that range deserves another look.
Karta 57
Pytanie
How do you simplify a square root with a perfect-square factor?
Odpowiedź
Factor out the perfect square. For example, √72 = √(36 × 2) = 6√2.
Karta 58
Pytanie
What makes a new example parallel to one in the passage?
Odpowiedź
The same logical relationship. Match cause, contrast, exception, or function rather than shared subject matter.
Karta 59
Pytanie
When can work rates be added?
Odpowiedź
Add the stated constant rates when the workers operate simultaneously without interfering with one another. At 1/4 and 1/6 job per hour, together they complete 5/12 job per hour.
Karta 60
Pytanie
What is the denominator in a percent comparison?
Odpowiedź
The stated reference value. “A as a percent of B” means A divided by B, then multiplied by 100.
Karta 61
Pytanie
How do you translate “5 less than x”?
Odpowiedź
x − 5. The phrase “less than” reverses the spoken order.
Karta 62
Pytanie
In Data Sufficiency, what should you check before testing values?
Odpowiedź
The full domain. Honor stated restrictions and implicit ones such as positive lengths or nonzero divisors before judging sufficiency.
Karta 63
Pytanie
How do you add fractions with different denominators?
Odpowiedź
Rewrite them with a common denominator, then add the numerators. For example, 2/3 + 1/4 = 8/12 + 3/12 = 11/12.
Karta 64
Pytanie
How do you distinguish description from argument in a passage?
Odpowiedź
Description presents what happened or what a view says; argument gives reasons to accept, reject, or revise a claim.
Karta 65
Pytanie
How should you compare decimals with different lengths?
Odpowiedź
Append trailing zeros and compare place by place. For example, compare 0.47 with 0.4700, which are equal.
Karta 66
Pytanie
How should combined statements be evaluated?
Odpowiedź
Intersect their constraints with the stem. The combination is sufficient only if every remaining case gives one answer.
Karta 67
Pytanie
How do you find common ground between two viewpoints?
Odpowiedź
Look for the narrow claim both accept, even if they disagree about its cause, importance, or implications.
Karta 68
Pytanie
How do you solve a proportion such as a/b = c/d?
Odpowiedź
Cross-multiply to get ad = bc, provided b and d are nonzero.
Karta 69
Pytanie
How is average speed computed?
Odpowiedź
Total distance divided by total time. It is not usually the simple mean of the segment speeds.
Karta 70
Pytanie
What does |x| represent?
Odpowiedź
The nonnegative distance from x to 0 on the number line.
Karta 71
Pytanie
Why are strongly emotional tone descriptions often wrong?
Odpowiedź
They overstate measured academic prose. Match the answer's intensity to the author's actual language.
Karta 72
Pytanie
What is the divisibility rule for 4?
Odpowiedź
The number formed by the last two digits must be divisible by 4.
Karta 73
Pytanie
Can the ordinary percent-change formula be applied directly when the original value is zero or negative?
Odpowiedź
No. The ordinary GMAT rule assumes original > 0. Change from zero is undefined, and a negative baseline requires context-specific interpretation.
Karta 74
Pytanie
Why can a true statement still be a wrong answer?
Odpowiedź
It may not answer the question asked. Check the task—main idea, detail, inference, role, or purpose—before checking truth.
Karta 75
Pytanie
When must a weighted average lie between its component values?
Odpowiedź
When every weight is nonnegative and the total weight is positive. The average then lies between the smallest and largest component values.
Karta 76
Pytanie
How do you express an integer n divided by d with remainder r?
Odpowiedź
n = dq + r, where q is an integer and 0 ≤ r < d for positive d.
Karta 77
Pytanie
What does an inequality usually provide?
Odpowiedź
A range, not a unique value. It can still be sufficient if the question asks whether a threshold is crossed.
Karta 78
Pytanie
How should you handle an EXCEPT detail prompt?
Odpowiedź
Verify four statements against the passage and select the one that isn't supported. Keep the reversed task visible while checking each choice.
Karta 79
Pytanie
How should you set up a unit conversion?
Odpowiedź
Multiply by a conversion factor equal to 1, placing units so the unwanted unit cancels.
Karta 80
Pytanie
Can two individually insufficient statements remain insufficient together?
Odpowiedź
Yes. They may repeat the same limitation or still leave multiple valid answers.
Karta 81
Pytanie
For a positive base, how do you simplify a power raised to another power?
Odpowiedź
Multiply the exponents: (aᵐ)ⁿ = a^(mn).
Karta 82
Pytanie
When can you infer that an author accepts a claim?
Odpowiedź
When the author endorses it directly or relies on it without distancing language. Merely reporting another person's view isn't endorsement.
Karta 83
Pytanie
How should successive percentage changes be combined?
Odpowiedź
Multiply their factors. A 10% rise followed by a 10% fall gives 1.10 × 0.90 = 0.99, a 1% net fall.
Karta 84
Pytanie
What are compatible numbers in estimation?
Odpowiedź
Nearby numbers chosen to make mental arithmetic easy, such as 203 ÷ 9.9 ≈ 200 ÷ 10 = 20.
Karta 85
Pytanie
Which constraints are easy to overlook in a word problem?
Odpowiedź
Countability, positivity, distinctness, and capacity limits. Translate each noun and rule into a usable constraint.
Karta 86
Pytanie
How do you state the exact disagreement between two viewpoints?
Odpowiedź
Identify one claim that one side accepts and the other rejects. Don't substitute a topic that only one side discusses.
Karta 87
Pytanie
How do you represent three consecutive integers?
Odpowiedź
n, n + 1, and n + 2 for an integer n.
Karta 88
Pytanie
How do percentage points differ from percent change?
Odpowiedź
Percentage points are the direct difference between percentages. Moving from 20% to 25% is 5 points and a 25% relative increase.
Karta 89
Pytanie
What is a reversed-relationship trap?
Odpowiedź
It swaps cause and effect, support and conclusion, or the positions of two viewpoints while reusing familiar passage language.
Karta 90
Pytanie
How do you multiply two fractions?
Odpowiedź
Multiply numerator by numerator and denominator by denominator, canceling common factors when convenient.
Karta 91
Pytanie
How do direct and inverse proportion differ?
Odpowiedź
Direct:
y = kx; inverse:y = k/xforx ≠ 0.Karta 92
Pytanie
How do you recover an original value after a percentage increase?
Odpowiedź
Divide the new value by the growth factor. After a 20% increase, original = new ÷ 1.20.
Karta 93
Pytanie
When should absolute wording raise suspicion?
Odpowiedź
When the passage is qualified. Words such as always, never, entirely, and impossible require equally strong textual support.
Karta 94
Pytanie
What should you identify first in Data Sufficiency?
Odpowiedź
The exact target and answer type. Decide whether the stem asks for a value, a comparison, or a yes-or-no result.
Karta 95
Pytanie
What ending makes an integer divisible by 5 or by 10?
Odpowiedź
A last digit of 0 or 5 gives divisibility by 5; a last digit of 0 gives divisibility by 10.
Karta 96
Pytanie
How should a Data Sufficiency condition be handled?
Odpowiedź
Translate it into a precise constraint before testing sufficiency. Keep it separate from the conclusion you want.
Karta 97
Pytanie
How do you reject a half-right answer?
Odpowiedź
Test every part of it. One accurate clause can't rescue a second clause that distorts the passage or exceeds its scope.
Karta 98
Pytanie
When you convert a positive measurement to a smaller linear unit, what happens to its numerical value?
Odpowiedź
It increases. Multiply by the number of smaller units in one larger unit.
Karta 99
Pytanie
DS example: Is x > 5? Statement: x > 3. Is the statement sufficient?
Odpowiedź
No. Both x = 4 and x = 6 satisfy the statement, but they answer the stem differently.
Karta 100
Pytanie
What is a⁰ when a is nonzero?
Odpowiedź
- The nonzero-base condition matters because 0⁰ is not assigned this rule.
Karta 101
Pytanie
Which claim is the argument trying to establish?
Odpowiedź
The main conclusion. Find the claim supported by the other statements, then check that it answers the argument's central issue.
Karta 102
Pytanie
When should the two statements be combined?
Odpowiedź
When neither statement is sufficient alone. Use both constraints at once and test the remaining possibilities.
Karta 103
Pytanie
A positive number rounds to 8.2 to the nearest tenth. What interval contains it?
Odpowiedź
8.15 ≤ x < 8.25. The lower endpoint rounds up to 8.2; the upper endpoint rounds to 8.3.
Karta 104
Pytanie
What should you check when the conclusion changes populations?
Odpowiedź
Whether the evidence applies to the new population. Results from volunteers, specialists, or one age group may not transfer to everyone.
Karta 105
Pytanie
How should test values be chosen in Data Sufficiency?
Odpowiedź
Choose valid values that probe boundaries, signs, and distinct outcomes. Random easy values can miss the deciding case.
Karta 106
Pytanie
How do you translate “A is 30% more than B”?
Odpowiedź
A = 1.30B. The percentage is based on B.
Karta 107
Pytanie
When can one equation involving two variables be sufficient for a target?
Odpowiedź
When every valid solution gives the same target value, even if neither variable is unique. For example, x + y = 10 is sufficient to determine x + y.
Karta 108
Pytanie
What does a correlation establish by itself?
Odpowiedź
Only that two things vary together. It doesn't establish which one causes the other or whether a third factor causes both.
Karta 109
Pytanie
How do you divide by a nonzero fraction?
Odpowiedź
Multiply by its reciprocal. For example, 3/5 ÷ 2/7 = 3/5 × 7/2.
Karta 110
Pytanie
Why is a ratio often insufficient for an absolute value?
Odpowiedź
A ratio fixes relative size but usually leaves the scale free. Many proportional pairs can share the same ratio.
Karta 111
Pytanie
What is the divisibility rule for 9?
Odpowiedź
The sum of the digits must be divisible by 9.
Karta 112
Pytanie
What matters most when applying a sample result to a population?
Odpowiedź
Representativeness. The sample must resemble the target population on traits that could affect the result.
Karta 113
Pytanie
What should you check after solving a squared equation?
Odpowiedź
Check every allowed root. If positive and negative roots produce different target answers, the information is insufficient.
Karta 114
Pytanie
What does a negative exponent mean?
Odpowiedź
It takes the reciprocal: a⁻ⁿ = 1/aⁿ for nonzero a.
Karta 115
Pytanie
Which baseline makes a comparison informative?
Odpowiedź
The baseline relevant to the claim. Compare the outcome with what would otherwise have happened, not merely with an unrelated earlier figure.
Karta 116
Pytanie
What risk appears when an equation factors into multiple branches?
Odpowiedź
Each branch may create valid cases. Test all branches against the stem before deciding sufficiency.
Karta 117
Pytanie
How can you compare two positive fractions quickly?
Odpowiedź
Compare their cross-products. For a/b and c/d with positive denominators, compare ad with bc.
Karta 118
Pytanie
What may be assumed from a Data Sufficiency diagram?
Odpowiedź
Only marked or stated facts. Do not infer scale, equality, perpendicularity, or midpoint status from appearance.
Karta 119
Pytanie
What multiplier represents a p percent increase or decrease?
Odpowiedź
Use 1 + p/100 for an increase and 1 − p/100 for a decrease.
Karta 120
Pytanie
Which statements count as evidence?
Odpowiedź
The statements offered as reasons to accept another claim. Evidence may be factual or assumed for the argument, even if it isn't proven in real life.
Karta 121
Pytanie
Can a mean determine an individual observation?
Odpowiedź
Not by itself. A mean fixes the total, but different sets can have that total unless more constraints apply.
Karta 122
Pytanie
What weakens a move from past evidence to a present claim?
Odpowiedź
A relevant change over time. New technology, prices, rules, or behavior can make the earlier evidence a poor guide.
Karta 123
Pytanie
A value becomes 96 after a 20% increase. What was the original value?
Odpowiedź
- Divide the final value by the growth multiplier: 96 ÷ 1.2 = 80.
Karta 124
Pytanie
How do extreme valid cases help in Data Sufficiency?
Odpowiedź
They expose whether the target can change. Test the smallest, largest, or boundary cases allowed by the conditions.
Karta 125
Pytanie
How do you test for reverse causation?
Odpowiedź
Ask whether the alleged effect could instead cause the alleged cause. Productive teams may meet more because they are productive, not the reverse.
Karta 126
Pytanie
Must a sufficient statement make every variable unique?
Odpowiedź
No. It only needs to make the requested target unique, even if other variables remain undetermined.
Karta 127
Pytanie
A price rises 20% and then falls 20%. Does it return to its original value?
Odpowiedź
No. The multipliers give 1.20 × 0.80 = 0.96, so the final price is 4% below the original.
Karta 128
Pytanie
Why can a voluntary survey be biased?
Odpowiedź
People who choose to respond may differ from those who don't. Strong opinions or extra interest can distort the sample.
Karta 129
Pytanie
How do you expand a(b + c)?
Odpowiedź
ab + ac. The outside factor multiplies every term inside the parentheses.
Karta 130
Pytanie
What should the final Data Sufficiency decision describe?
Odpowiedź
Which information set guarantees an answer. It should not report the target’s numerical value.
Karta 131
Pytanie
What is the goal when solving a linear equation?
Odpowiedź
Isolate the variable by applying equivalent operations to both sides.
Karta 132
Pytanie
DS example: Is integer n even? Statement: n = 7. Is the statement sufficient?
Odpowiedź
Yes. It guarantees one answer—no. A statement can be sufficient even when that answer is negative.
Karta 133
Pytanie
When must an inequality sign reverse?
Odpowiedź
When both sides are multiplied or divided by a negative number.
Karta 134
Pytanie
What must be checked before comparing two groups?
Odpowiedź
Whether they differ in other relevant ways. Age, experience, starting level, or incentives may explain the outcome instead.
Karta 135
Pytanie
When is substitution preferable to elimination in a two-equation system?
Odpowiedź
Use substitution when one variable is already isolated or easy to isolate; use elimination when coefficients cancel easily.
Karta 136
Pytanie
What should you build before analyzing Multi-Source Reasoning material?
Odpowiedź
A quick source map. Note what each tab or document contains, who produced it, and the relevant date or scope.
Karta 137
Pytanie
How do you separate background from evidence?
Odpowiedź
Ask whether the statement supports a claim. Background sets context; evidence does logical work in moving the argument toward a conclusion.
Karta 138
Pytanie
Which algebraic terms can be combined?
Odpowiedź
Terms with the same variable part and exponents. For example, 3x² and −5x² combine, but 3x² and 3x do not.
Karta 139
Pytanie
When should you read the Multi-Source Reasoning question?
Odpowiedź
Before a deep read of every source. The question tells you which details deserve attention.
Karta 140
Pytanie
What is a reliable first step for an equation containing several fractions?
Odpowiedź
Multiply every term by the least common denominator, then solve the simpler equation.
Karta 141
Pytanie
Why does source provenance matter?
Odpowiedź
It defines what a claim can support. An internal forecast and an audited result do not carry the same evidentiary weight.
Karta 142
Pytanie
What should you test when evidence comes from a different setting?
Odpowiedź
Whether the settings differ in a way that affects the result. A finding from one market, school, or climate may not carry over unchanged.
Karta 143
Pytanie
What does an “and” compound inequality require?
Odpowiedź
The overlap of both solution sets. A value must satisfy both conditions.
Karta 144
Pytanie
What should you compare before combining claims from two sources?
Odpowiedź
Their population, period, units, and definitions. Matching labels can hide different scopes.
Karta 145
Pytanie
How can a third factor undermine a causal claim?
Odpowiedź
It may explain both events, so their correlation no longer establishes a direct causal link by itself. Hot weather can raise both cold-drink sales and pool attendance.
Karta 146
Pytanie
What do one, zero, or infinitely many solutions mean for two linear equations in two variables?
Odpowiedź
The lines intersect once, are parallel and distinct, or are the same line, respectively.
Karta 147
Pytanie
How should records from separate sources be linked?
Odpowiedź
Use a shared key with the same meaning in both sources, such as product code and month. Do not join on a vague label alone.
Karta 148
Pytanie
How do you factor 6x + 9?
Odpowiedź
3(2x + 3). Pull out the greatest common factor.
Karta 149
Pytanie
When does nonresponse threaten a survey result?
Odpowiedź
When nonrespondents may answer differently from respondents. A high response count doesn't fix a systematic missing group.
Karta 150
Pytanie
What is the first step when two sources seem inconsistent?
Odpowiedź
Compare definitions, dates, units, and aggregation levels. Many apparent conflicts come from mismatched frames.
300 kart
GMAT Flashcards: Quant, Verbal & Data Insights Decisions
Ucz się z tej talii za darmoOtworzy się Nibomo, żeby od razu zacząć naukę.
Karta 151
Pytanie
When can you use the zero-product property?
Odpowiedź
After rewriting a product equal to zero. If (x − 2)(x + 5) = 0, then x = 2 or x = −5.
Karta 152
Pytanie
How does an inference differ from a stated fact?
Odpowiedź
A fact appears directly in a source; an inference must follow from the sources without an extra assumption.
Karta 153
Pytanie
Does a higher percentage by itself prove a higher count?
Odpowiedź
No. The underlying totals matter. Twenty percent of 1,000 is more than fifty percent of 100.
Karta 154
Pytanie
What does an “or” compound inequality require?
Odpowiedź
The union of the solution sets. A value may satisfy either condition or both.
Karta 155
Pytanie
What does a blank or omitted value establish?
Odpowiedź
Only that the value is not provided. It does not establish zero, no change, or failure.
Karta 156
Pytanie
How do you recognize an intermediate conclusion?
Odpowiedź
It is supported by one claim and supports another. It acts as both a conclusion and a premise in the same argument.
Karta 157
Pytanie
What should you do before writing equations for a two-quantity word problem?
Odpowiedź
Define each variable with its unit, then translate one independent relationship per equation.
Karta 158
Pytanie
Why should cross-source events be placed in time order?
Odpowiedź
Sequence separates prior conditions from later outcomes and prevents using future information as an earlier cause.
Karta 159
Pytanie
When should candidate solutions be checked in the original equation?
Odpowiedź
Always after a step that may introduce solutions, especially squaring both sides or clearing variable denominators.
Karta 160
Pytanie
How can switching from one measured outcome to another create a gap?
Odpowiedź
Evidence about one metric may not support a conclusion about another. More website visits, for example, don't by themselves mean more sales.
Karta 161
Pytanie
What makes a source relevant to a claim?
Odpowiedź
It supplies evidence for a required link in the claim. Related background alone is not enough.
Karta 162
Pytanie
How do you solve a factored polynomial inequality reliably?
Odpowiedź
Find the zeros, split the number line into intervals, and test each interval's sign. Include a zero only when equality is allowed.
Karta 163
Pytanie
Does happening first prove causation?
Odpowiedź
No. The timing may fit a causal story, but coincidence or another cause can still explain the later event.
Karta 164
Pytanie
How can you spot an unsupported cross-source conclusion?
Odpowiedź
Identify the bridge between evidence and conclusion. If the sources never establish that bridge, the conclusion needs an assumption.
Karta 165
Pytanie
What do 0 = 0 and 0 = 5 mean after simplifying an equation?
Odpowiedź
0 = 0 means every allowed value is a solution; 0 = 5 means there is no solution.
Karta 166
Pytanie
What should you verify before comparing figures from different sources?
Odpowiedź
Common units and denominators. Convert first, then compare the same quantity on the same basis.
Karta 167
Pytanie
How do you interpret |x − a| < r when r is positive?
Odpowiedź
x is within r units of a: a − r < x < a + r.
Karta 168
Pytanie
What can a larger sample improve?
Odpowiedź
Precision, if the sampling method is sound. A huge biased sample can still give a confidently wrong picture of the population.
Karta 169
Pytanie
How should a cross-source recommendation be evaluated?
Odpowiedź
Apply the stated decision rule to the combined evidence. Do not substitute a personal preference for the rule.
Karta 170
Pytanie
If a worker finishes one job in t hours, what is the worker's hourly rate?
Odpowiedź
1/t of the job per hour.
Karta 171
Pytanie
What can an average hide?
Odpowiedź
The distribution. Two groups can share an average while differing sharply in range, concentration, or the number of extreme values.
Karta 172
Pytanie
What should you confirm before submitting a Multi-Source Reasoning answer?
Odpowiedź
That every required part is supported by the correct source and scope. One unsupported component can invalidate the whole decision.
Karta 173
Pytanie
How do you find the amount of a pure component in a mixture?
Odpowiedź
Concentration × total mixture amount. A 30% solution with volume 20 contains 0.30 × 20 = 6 units of the component.
Karta 174
Pytanie
What role does a concession usually play?
Odpowiedź
It acknowledges a point that weighs against the conclusion, then answers that point or limits its relevance. Don't mistake the conceded claim for the argument's main conclusion.
Karta 175
Pytanie
When can an apparent cross-source discrepancy be resolved?
Odpowiedź
When a stated difference in scope or method explains both figures. If no bridge is given, keep the conflict open.
Karta 176
Pytanie
What is the two-set overlap formula?
Odpowiedź
In A or B = in A + in B − in both. Subtract the overlap because it was counted twice.
Karta 177
Pytanie
What should you identify first in Table Analysis?
Odpowiedź
The row unit, column definitions, and any notes. This establishes what one record and each value represent.
Karta 178
Pytanie
What is the fundamental counting principle?
Odpowiedź
Multiply the choices at successive stages when each stage has a fixed number of available choices.
Karta 179
Pytanie
Why distinguish relative change from absolute change?
Odpowiedź
Relative change is the percentage change; absolute change is the amount added or lost. A 50% rise from 2 adds 1, while a 10% rise from 1,000 adds 100.
Karta 180
Pytanie
How should a table filter be translated?
Odpowiedź
Turn it into an exact inclusion rule. Apply every condition before counting or comparing rows.
Karta 181
Pytanie
For equally likely outcomes, what is the basic probability formula?
Odpowiedź
Favorable outcomes divided by total possible outcomes.
Karta 182
Pytanie
What makes a proposed causal mechanism useful?
Odpowiedź
It explains how the cause could produce the effect. A plausible, evidence-backed mechanism strengthens the causal link.
Karta 183
Pytanie
How do you find the median?
Odpowiedź
Order the values and take the middle value; for an even count, average the two middle values.
Karta 184
Pytanie
How should numeric values be sorted?
Odpowiedź
By numerical value, not digit order. For example, 12 comes after 9 in ascending order.
Karta 185
Pytanie
What is missed when evidence includes only successful cases?
Odpowiedź
The failures. Studying only surviving firms can make a strategy look safer or more effective than it is.
Karta 186
Pytanie
Two machines have stated constant rates of 1/3 and 1/5 job per hour and operate simultaneously without interference. May their rates be added?
Odpowiedź
Yes. The stated rates are constant and the machines do not interfere, so their combined rate is 1/3 + 1/5 = 8/15 job per hour.
Karta 187
Pytanie
How should a table ratio be built when filters are involved?
Odpowiedź
Derive the numerator and denominator separately from the question, then apply each filter only where it is relevant. Do not automatically filter both quantities or default to all rows.
Karta 188
Pytanie
What quantity is conserved when two solutions are mixed without loss?
Odpowiedź
The amount of the pure component. Set the sum of the starting component amounts equal to the final component amount.
Karta 189
Pytanie
When may table rows be added directly?
Odpowiedź
Only when they are disjoint parts of the same measure and use compatible units. Overlapping groups would be double-counted.
Karta 190
Pytanie
What does n! mean for a positive integer n?
Odpowiedź
The product of the positive integers from 1 through n.
Karta 191
Pytanie
Where is the argument's logical gap?
Odpowiedź
Between the evidence and the conclusion. State what must connect them without merely repeating either side.
Karta 192
Pytanie
How do you find the number in neither of two sets?
Odpowiedź
Subtract the number in the union from the total population.
Karta 193
Pytanie
How should rates from table groups be combined?
Odpowiedź
Divide the total numerator by the total denominator. Weight a group rate by its group size only when that size is the rate's denominator.
Karta 194
Pytanie
What is wrong with moving from some cases to all cases?
Odpowiedź
The conclusion is broader than the evidence. Evidence that some members have a trait doesn't show that every member does.
Karta 195
Pytanie
When should you use a permutation?
Odpowiedź
When selecting and arranging items and order matters. The number of ordered selections of r from n distinct items is n!/(n − r)!.
Karta 196
Pytanie
Why does table granularity matter?
Odpowiedź
A row-level fact may disappear or change after aggregation. Match the claim to the table’s level of detail.
Karta 197
Pytanie
How do you find the probability that an event does not occur?
Odpowiedź
1 − P(event). This is often the quickest route for “at least one” questions.
Karta 198
Pytanie
Why does a comparable control group help test causation?
Odpowiedź
It shows what happened without the suspected cause. If the groups differ mainly in that factor, the result is harder to explain another way.
Karta 199
Pytanie
How should missing table entries be treated?
Odpowiedź
As unknown unless the notes define another meaning. Exclude or include them only as the question directs.
Karta 200
Pytanie
What is the mode of a data set?
Odpowiedź
A mode is any value with the greatest frequency. Under the no-mode convention, there is no mode only when at least two distinct values all have equal frequency.
Karta 201
Pytanie
What makes a table comparison valid?
Odpowiedź
The values must have compatible measures, units, periods, populations, and definitions. Normalize only validly convertible differences; reject differences in population, period, or definition that cannot be reconciled.
Karta 202
Pytanie
What should you check when a prediction extends a past pattern?
Odpowiedź
Whether the conditions behind the past pattern will continue. A trend alone doesn't show that its causes will remain in place.
Karta 203
Pytanie
How should a drain or other undoing process enter a work-rate equation?
Odpowiedź
As a negative rate. Add productive rates and subtract rates that reverse the work.
Karta 204
Pytanie
How can you avoid losing your place while scanning a table?
Odpowiedź
Evaluate one condition at a time and mark qualifying rows mentally or on the scratchpad. Count only after the final filter.
Karta 205
Pytanie
Can evidence that an outcome is possible show it is likely?
Odpowiedź
No. Possibility only shows that an outcome can occur; probability requires evidence about how likely it is.
Karta 206
Pytanie
What correction is needed when counting the union of three sets?
Odpowiedź
Add the three individual counts, subtract all three pairwise overlaps, then add the triple overlap back once.
Karta 207
Pytanie
When does a filtered table support a decision?
Odpowiedź
When the qualifying rows satisfy the stated rule. Keep filtering, calculation, and decision as separate steps.
Karta 208
Pytanie
When should you use a combination?
Odpowiedź
When selecting items and order does not matter. The number of selections of r from n distinct items is n!/[r!(n − r)!].
Karta 209
Pytanie
What must support a recommendation?
Odpowiedź
A link from the proposed action to the stated goal. The argument also needs the action to be feasible and free of costs that defeat the goal.
Karta 210
Pytanie
How do AND and OR change a table filter?
Odpowiedź
AND requires every condition; OR requires at least one. Parenthesize mixed rules before scanning rows.
Karta 211
Pytanie
How do you find the probability that independent events both occur?
Odpowiedź
Multiply their probabilities: P(A and B) = P(A) × P(B).
Karta 212
Pytanie
What can make an alphabetical sort misleading?
Odpowiedź
Labels may contain categories or embedded numbers. Confirm whether the column is text, numeric, or chronological.
Karta 213
Pytanie
What kind of fact most directly strengthens an argument?
Odpowiedź
A fact that supports the missing link between evidence and conclusion. Merely repeating a premise adds little.
Karta 214
Pytanie
What is the range of a data set?
Odpowiedź
Maximum value minus minimum value.
Karta 215
Pytanie
What should you check at a filter cutoff?
Odpowiedź
Whether the boundary is inclusive. “At least 40” includes 40; “more than 40” does not.
Karta 216
Pytanie
A train covers 150 miles in 3 hours at a constant rate. What is its rate?
Odpowiedź
50 miles per hour. Rearrange distance = rate × time to get rate = 150 ÷ 3.
Karta 217
Pytanie
What is the most direct way to weaken an argument?
Odpowiedź
Undermine a necessary assumption connecting the evidence to the conclusion. The premises can remain true while the conclusion loses support.
Karta 218
Pytanie
What does a tie in the sorted column imply?
Odpowiedź
The tied rows share rank on that measure. Their display order does not create a performance difference.
Karta 219
Pytanie
How do you identify a useful evaluation question?
Odpowiedź
Test whether opposite answers would push the argument in opposite directions. If both answers leave the conclusion unchanged, the question isn't useful.
Karta 220
Pytanie
What should you identify first in Graphics Interpretation?
Odpowiedź
The chart type and what each visual encoding represents. Bars, lines, areas, and points support different readings.
Karta 221
Pytanie
How do repeated identical items affect arrangement counts?
Odpowiedź
For n total items, divide n! by the factorial of each repeated count. Identical items do not create new arrangements when swapped.
Karta 222
Pytanie
What should you read before estimating a plotted value?
Odpowiedź
Both axis labels, units, and category order. Position has meaning only after the axes are understood.
Karta 223
Pytanie
How do you test whether a statement is a necessary assumption?
Odpowiedź
Negate it. If that negation seriously damages the argument, the original statement was necessary.
Karta 224
Pytanie
How do you find the probability that one of two mutually exclusive events occurs?
Odpowiedź
Add their probabilities: P(A or B) = P(A) + P(B). Their overlap is zero.
Karta 225
Pytanie
What should you verify in a chart legend?
Odpowiedź
Which color, shape, or line maps to each series. Similar styling can otherwise swap the groups in your interpretation.
Karta 226
Pytanie
What does standard deviation measure?
Odpowiedź
How spread out values are around the mean. Greater dispersion means a larger standard deviation.
Karta 227
Pytanie
What standard should an inference meet?
Odpowiedź
It must follow from the given statements, without extra assumptions. Choose the modest claim the evidence guarantees.
Karta 228
Pytanie
What does a segment’s share depend on?
Odpowiedź
The correct whole. A category’s share of one region may differ from its share of the full dataset.
Karta 229
Pytanie
For motion along the same line, when do you add or subtract two speeds to get relative speed?
Odpowiedź
Add the speeds for opposite directions; subtract the smaller speed from the larger for the same direction.
Karta 230
Pytanie
What must a paradox explanation accomplish?
Odpowiedź
Make both surprising facts plausible at the same time. Rejecting either stated fact doesn't resolve the tension.
Karta 231
Pytanie
How is a segment in a stacked bar measured?
Odpowiedź
Subtract its lower boundary from its upper boundary. The upper endpoint alone is cumulative, not the segment value.
Karta 232
Pytanie
Eight students average 70 and twelve students average 80. What is the combined mean?
Odpowiedź
- The group sizes are the weights: (8 × 70 + 12 × 80) ÷ 20 = 76.
Karta 233
Pytanie
What is the difference between a graph’s level and its rate of change?
Odpowiedź
Level is the plotted value; rate of change is the slope. A high line can still be falling.
Karta 234
Pytanie
How should you describe a statement's role in an argument?
Odpowiedź
Describe what it does, not just what it says. It may support the conclusion, present an objection, answer that objection, or illustrate a principle.
Karta 235
Pytanie
What is P(A given B)?
Odpowiedź
P(A and B) / P(B), provided P(B) > 0. Restrict the sample space to outcomes in B.
Karta 236
Pytanie
How should slope be compared across a graph?
Odpowiedź
Use change in vertical value divided by change in horizontal value. Visual steepness is reliable only on the same scales.
Karta 237
Pytanie
A driver covers equal distances at 30 mph and 60 mph. Is the average speed 45 mph?
Odpowiedź
No. Using 60 miles for each leg gives 120 miles in 3 hours, so the average speed is 40 mph.
Karta 238
Pytanie
What should you identify first when evaluating a plan?
Odpowiedź
The plan's exact goal and success measure. A proposal can produce benefits yet still fail its stated objective.
Karta 239
Pytanie
What does a trend in a scatterplot establish?
Odpowiedź
An association in the displayed data. It does not by itself establish causation or predict every individual point.
Karta 240
Pytanie
How can you strengthen a causal explanation?
Odpowiedź
Rule out a credible alternative cause, support the proposed mechanism, or show the effect changes when the proposed cause changes.
Karta 241
Pytanie
How can an outlier affect a graphical trend?
Odpowiedź
It can pull a summary line or average away from the main cluster. Check whether the claim concerns all points or the typical pattern.
Karta 242
Pytanie
Why do probabilities usually change when sampling without replacement?
Odpowiedź
The sample space changes after each draw. Update both the favorable count and the total before multiplying conditional probabilities.
Karta 243
Pytanie
One value in an n-value set increases by d. How does the mean change?
Odpowiedź
It increases by d/n because the total rises by d while the count stays fixed.
Karta 244
Pytanie
When does a counterexample weaken a claim?
Odpowiedź
When the claim requires the counterexample not to exist. One genuine exception can defeat an absolute claim, but may barely affect a modest one.
Karta 245
Pytanie
What is the parity of the sum of two odd integers?
Odpowiedź
Even. Each odd integer is one more than an even integer, so the two extra ones add to 2.
Karta 246
Pytanie
What can an aggregate graph hide?
Odpowiedź
Differences among subgroups or periods. A stable total can coexist with large offsetting changes inside it.
Karta 247
Pytanie
When is interpolation reasonable on a graph?
Odpowiedź
When the graph implies continuity between nearby points. Do not interpolate across separate categories.
Karta 248
Pytanie
What makes information relevant to evaluating an argument?
Odpowiedź
It bears on the uncertain link the conclusion depends on. Interesting facts about the topic may still be logically irrelevant.
Karta 249
Pytanie
How precise should a value read from a graph be?
Odpowiedź
Only as precise as the scale supports. Use a defensible interval when the mark falls between ticks.
Karta 250
Pytanie
Must a necessary assumption prove the conclusion?
Odpowiedź
No. It only has to be required for the argument to work; it need not be enough to establish the conclusion on its own.
Karta 251
Pytanie
How do you multiply positive numbers written in scientific notation?
Odpowiedź
Multiply the coefficients, add the powers of 10, then adjust the coefficient to be at least 1 and less than 10.
Karta 252
Pytanie
How should a graph-based decision be made?
Odpowiedź
Translate the visual into values or bounds, then apply the stated rule. Do not decide from appearance alone.
Karta 253
Pytanie
When is backsolving from answer choices especially useful?
Odpowiedź
When the choices are concrete values and direct algebra is slower than testing them in the original conditions.
Karta 254
Pytanie
How can axis scale distort a visual impression?
Odpowiedź
Unequal intervals or a truncated baseline can magnify or compress differences. Use tick values, not apparent distance alone.
Karta 255
Pytanie
When should you combine two statements for an inference?
Odpowiedź
When they share a term or relationship that creates a guaranteed consequence. Don't combine them through an unstated causal or statistical link.
Karta 256
Pytanie
When is a product of integers odd?
Odpowiedź
Only when every factor is odd. One even factor makes the entire product even.
Karta 257
Pytanie
What often resolves two apparently conflicting results?
Odpowiedź
A hidden difference in group, time, measurement, or conditions. The results may describe different slices of the situation.
Karta 258
Pytanie
How should equal distances on a logarithmic axis be interpreted?
Odpowiedź
As equal multiplicative changes, not equal absolute changes. Read the labeled values before comparing gaps.
Karta 259
Pytanie
Why start with a middle answer choice when backsolving ordered options?
Odpowiedź
Its result often eliminates half the choices at once when the relationship is monotonic.
Karta 260
Pytanie
What makes a Two-Part Analysis response complete?
Odpowiedź
Both selections must satisfy their own column prompts under the same stem. Treat the pair as one submitted response.
Karta 261
Pytanie
What is an analogy doing when it supports a claim?
Odpowiedź
It argues that because two cases share relevant features, a result or principle from one likely applies to the other.
Karta 262
Pytanie
How do you represent three consecutive odd integers?
Odpowiedź
n, n + 2, and n + 4, where n is an odd integer.
Karta 263
Pytanie
What should you identify before solving Two-Part Analysis?
Odpowiedź
The role of each column. One may ask for a condition while the other asks for a consequence or decision.
Karta 264
Pytanie
What values should you test first in a claim about an unspecified number?
Odpowiedź
Test allowed categories that may behave differently: positive, negative, zero, fractional, and boundary values.
Karta 265
Pytanie
How can an unchanged bottleneck defeat a plan?
Odpowiedź
Improving a nonlimiting step won't improve the final outcome if another constraint still controls it. Faster ordering doesn't help when production is already full.
Karta 266
Pytanie
How does the shared stem affect the two parts?
Odpowiedź
Its definitions and constraints apply to both. Keep them fixed while testing each column’s requirement.
Karta 267
Pytanie
How do you count the positive divisors of an integer greater than 1 from its prime factorization?
Odpowiedź
Add 1 to each prime exponent, then multiply those results.
Karta 268
Pytanie
In Two-Part Analysis, must the two selected entries be the same?
Odpowiedź
In the current format, the two selected entries may be the same or different. A linkage in the stem determines whether you must reason through them jointly, not whether their values match.
Karta 269
Pytanie
What makes evidence for a general claim strong?
Odpowiedź
It should be relevant and reliable and, if case-based, come from representative cases. More evidence isn't automatically better evidence.
Karta 270
Pytanie
How do you factor a difference of squares?
Odpowiedź
Use x² − y² = (x − y)(x + y).
Karta 271
Pytanie
When should the two Two-Part Analysis selections be solved together?
Odpowiedź
When one shared relationship constrains both. Test candidate pairs against that relationship instead of solving isolated fragments.
Karta 272
Pytanie
How can one counterexample evaluate a universal claim?
Odpowiedź
One valid counterexample disproves a claim that is supposed to hold for every allowed value.
Karta 273
Pytanie
How does an alternative explanation weaken a conclusion?
Odpowiedź
It shows that the evidence can be true without the proposed explanation being true. The alternative must account for the same result.
Karta 274
Pytanie
In Two-Part Analysis, how can one column help solve the other?
Odpowiedź
A valid selection can narrow the remaining candidates when the parts share a constraint. Recheck the final pair in both columns.
Karta 275
Pytanie
How do you test whether x² + bx + c factors into integer binomials?
Odpowiedź
Look for integers r and s with r + s = b and rs = c. If they exist, the factorization is (x + r)(x + s).
Karta 276
Pytanie
Which unknown should you evaluate first in a plan argument?
Odpowiedź
A condition that could make the plan achieve or miss its goal. Focus on feasibility, response, costs, and side effects tied to that goal.
Karta 277
Pytanie
How should a trade-off between two measures be evaluated?
Odpowiedź
Apply the stated priorities or limits. An option is better only relative to the rule, not because one measure is largest.
Karta 278
Pytanie
How can estimation screen answer choices before exact calculation?
Odpowiedź
Approximate the expression's magnitude, then eliminate choices that are far too large or too small.
Karta 279
Pytanie
In a constrained-decision Two-Part Analysis problem, what should you check before comparing candidates?
Odpowiedź
Check every hard constraint first. Discard any option that breaks a required limit, then compare only the feasible candidates.
Karta 280
Pytanie
What does a defensive assumption do?
Odpowiedź
It rules out a threat that would break the argument. For example, a revenue plan may assume that its added costs won't exceed the new revenue.
Karta 281
Pytanie
What restriction applies when a variable appears in a denominator?
Odpowiedź
Exclude every value that makes the denominator zero.
Karta 282
Pytanie
How does an objective differ from a constraint?
Odpowiedź
A constraint determines what is allowed; an objective ranks the allowed options. Apply them in that order.
Karta 283
Pytanie
Which quick checks catch many Quant answer errors?
Odpowiedź
Check the sign, units, allowed range, and rough size against the question's conditions.
Karta 284
Pytanie
What inference is safe from a statement about most members?
Odpowiedź
More than half have the stated trait. You can't infer that all do, that any particular member does, or that most have another trait.
Karta 285
Pytanie
How should a two-part threshold rule be handled?
Odpowiedź
Translate each threshold with the correct inequality, including its boundary. Then test both selected values against it.
Karta 286
Pytanie
Where can one negative sign appear in a fraction without changing its value?
Odpowiedź
Before the fraction, in the numerator, or in the denominator: −(a/b) = (−a)/b = a/(−b), provided b ≠ 0.
Karta 287
Pytanie
How does an argument choose between competing explanations?
Odpowiedź
It presents evidence that one explanation handles better than the others, often by ruling out a rival prediction.
Karta 288
Pytanie
What is an efficient way to handle two linked algebraic targets?
Odpowiedź
Express both in terms of one variable or invariant. Evaluate candidate values only after the relationship is clear.
Karta 289
Pytanie
How do you solve x² = c over the real numbers?
Odpowiedź
If c > 0, x = ±√c; if c = 0, x = 0; if c < 0, there is no real solution.
Karta 290
Pytanie
What should you check when two selected quantities form a ratio?
Odpowiedź
Order and scale. The ratio A:B is not interchangeable with B:A, and proportional pairs may all fit.
Karta 291
Pytanie
How does a positive proper fraction compare with 1?
Odpowiedź
It is less than 1 because its numerator is smaller than its denominator.
Karta 292
Pytanie
Which side effects matter when evaluating a plan?
Odpowiedź
Effects that change the plan's net result or work against its goal. A small unrelated inconvenience usually doesn't matter.
Karta 293
Pytanie
How should a two-part logical claim be tested?
Odpowiedź
Separate the condition from the conclusion, then test whether each selected statement performs the requested role.
Karta 294
Pytanie
What is the solution pattern for |x| = a over the real numbers?
Odpowiedź
If a > 0, x = ±a; if a = 0, x = 0; if a < 0, there is no real solution.
Karta 295
Pytanie
What unit check belongs in a two-part quantitative answer?
Odpowiedź
Confirm that each selection has the unit requested by its column. Linked values may require different conversions.
Karta 296
Pytanie
Why does user response matter to a plan?
Odpowiedź
The plan may depend on people adopting, following, or not avoiding it. Availability alone doesn't guarantee the needed behavior.
Karta 297
Pytanie
A response rate rises from 40% to 50%. What are the percentage-point change and the relative percent increase?
Odpowiedź
The increase is 10 percentage points and 25% relative to the original rate: (50 − 40) ÷ 40 = 0.25.
Karta 298
Pytanie
What is the final check for Two-Part Analysis?
Odpowiedź
Read each column prompt with its chosen entry, then verify that the pair is jointly consistent with the stem.
Karta 299
Pytanie
For real x and y, what two linear cases are equivalent to x² = y²?
Odpowiedź
x = y or x = −y.
Karta 300
Pytanie
How should benefits and costs be compared in a plan argument?
Odpowiedź
By their net effect on the stated goal. A plan can create the intended benefit but still fail if its relevant costs are larger.
300 kart
GMAT Flashcards: Quant, Verbal & Data Insights Decisions
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