Which numerator-and-denominator operation creates an equivalent fraction?

Multiply or divide the numerator and denominator by the same nonzero number. The fraction's value stays unchanged.

What does data sufficiency ask you to determine?

Whether the information guarantees one answer. You usually don’t need to calculate that answer.

How do you form a passage's main idea?

Combine the passage's central topic with its main claim about that topic. The answer should cover the whole passage at the right level.

What does multiplying a decimal by 10ⁿ do when n is a positive integer?

It moves the decimal point n places to the right. Dividing by 10ⁿ moves it n places left.

What makes information sufficient for a value question?

It forces exactly one value for the target. Different values that satisfy all conditions make it insufficient.

How do you identify the passage's primary purpose?

Name what the author is doing with the topic: explaining, comparing, challenging, defending, or proposing. Keep content and action together.

How do you find p percent of a quantity q?

Compute (p/100) × q. Translate “of” as multiplication.

How can two valid cases prove insufficiency?

Make the cases produce different answers to the question. One clean counterexample pair is enough.

How do you determine a paragraph's role?

Connect the paragraph to what comes before and after it. Decide whether it introduces, supports, qualifies, contrasts, applies, or concludes the larger discussion.

A total of 45 is split in the ratio 2:3. What are the two parts?

18 and 27. The five ratio units are worth 45 ÷ 5 = 9 each.

Why can an integer restriction change sufficiency?

It removes noninteger possibilities. A range containing many real numbers may contain only one integer.

When is a product of signed factors negative?

Provided no factor is zero, an odd number of negative factors gives a negative product, while an even number gives a positive product. If any factor is zero, the product is zero.

How should two data-sufficiency statements be tested initially?

Test each statement independently against the stem. Do not carry information from one statement into the other.

What makes an integer greater than 1 prime?

It has exactly two positive divisors: 1 and itself.

What should you do first on a detail question?

Return to the relevant lines and read their local context. Memory tends to preserve the topic while blurring qualifications.

What is the divisibility rule for 2?

The last digit must be even: 0, 2, 4, 6, or 8.

How do you test whether a fact is relevant?

Connect it to the requested target. A true fact that does not narrow the target adds no decision value.

How far may a reading inference go beyond the text?

Only as far as the text strongly supports. Prefer the smallest justified step and reject claims needing outside knowledge.

Why is prime factorization useful in GMAT arithmetic?

It exposes divisibility, factors, greatest common factors, least common multiples, and perfect powers.

What must happen before quantities with different units are combined?

First confirm that their dimensions are compatible, then convert them to a common unit. Keep the unit attached through the calculation to catch mismatches.

How do you apply a passage principle to a new case?

Extract the principle's required conditions, then test whether the new case has them. Surface similarity isn't enough.

Which relationship connects distance, rate, and time?

Distance = rate × time. Rearrange only after the units are compatible.

How do you find a least common multiple from prime factorizations?

Take every prime that appears, using the largest exponent present.

How do you multiply powers with the same base?

Add the exponents: aᵐ × aⁿ = aᵐ⁺ⁿ.

How is a weighted average computed?

Divide the total weighted value by the total weight. For groups, use group size as the weight unless another weight is given.

What should a quick passage map record?

Each paragraph's role and major viewpoint, plus the passage's overall direction. Record structure, not a sentence-by-sentence summary.

What does the principal square root symbol √x return?

For real x ≥ 0, it is the nonnegative number whose square is x. For example, √9 = 3, not ±3.

When can bounds replace exact arithmetic?

When the bounds separate the viable decisions. Stop once every value in the interval leads to the same choice.

How do you keep viewpoints separate?

Attach each claim to its speaker: author, critic, researcher, or group. Track agreement, disagreement, and any later qualification.

How do “sum,” “product,” and “quotient” translate into algebra?

They mean addition, multiplication, and division, respectively.

How do you reduce a fraction to lowest terms?

Divide the numerator and denominator by their greatest common factor.

What evidence should determine the author's tone?

Evaluative words, qualifications, and the treatment of competing views. Topic alone doesn't establish approval, concern, or skepticism.

When should rounding usually occur?

At the end, unless estimation already settles the decision. Early rounding can move a result across a cutoff.

How do you convert a terminating decimal to a fraction?

Write the digits over the matching power of 10, then reduce. For example, 0.375 = 375/1000 = 3/8.

When should you stop calculating in a sufficiency problem?

As soon as uniqueness is proved or disproved. More arithmetic cannot change the sufficiency decision.

How do you spot an out-of-scope answer?

It introduces a person, period, cause, or consequence the passage doesn't address. Being reasonable doesn't make it textually supported.

What is the percent-change formula?

For original > 0, percent change = (new − original) / original × 100%. Percent change from zero is undefined; negative baselines require context-specific interpretation.

What makes information sufficient for a yes-or-no question?

It forces the same yes-or-no answer in every valid case. The underlying value may still vary.

What preserves a ratio when its quantities are scaled?

Multiplying or dividing both terms by the same nonzero factor preserves the ratio.

How do you reject a main-idea answer with the wrong scope?

Compare it with the whole passage. A detail-only answer is too narrow; a claim extending beyond the passage is too broad.

Why should you track whether a variable is positive, negative, or zero?

Sign controls valid cases and operations. Squaring can hide sign, and division requires a nonzero denominator.

How do you simplify subtraction of a negative number?

Change it to addition: a − (−b) = a + b.

Whose purpose matters in a primary-purpose question?

The passage author's purpose. A theory or researcher may be described at length without representing what the author ultimately wants to do.

When is the on-screen calculator most useful?

For tedious arithmetic after the setup is clear. It does not replace choosing the right relationship or denominator.

In Data Sufficiency, what stem information applies when testing either statement?

Everything in the question stem. Stem facts remain active for each statement and for the combination.

What is the divisibility rule for 3?

The sum of the digits must be divisible by 3.

What does a transition paragraph often do?

It closes one line of thought and sets up the next. Its role depends on both sides, not only on its first sentence.

When is a proxy measure useful?

When evidence shows it reliably tracks the target for the intended decision. Correlation may support prediction, but it proves neither causation nor suitability on its own.

How do you find a greatest common factor from prime factorizations?

Take each shared prime to the smaller exponent.

What is the arithmetic mean?

The sum of the values divided by the number of values.

What units should a rate have?

One quantity per another, such as kilometers per hour. The denominator tells you what the rate is measured against.

GMAT Flashcards: Quant, Verbal & Data Insights Decisions

300 original flashcards for current-format GMAT Quant, Verbal, and Data Insights concepts, cues, and reusable decisions.

Autorius Open Study Contributor

Apie šį rinkinį

GMAT Flashcards: Quant, Verbal & Data Insights Decisions

Build quick recall for the current GMAT with 300 original cards across Quantitative Reasoning, Verbal Reasoning, and Data Insights. The deck focuses on reusable concepts and decisions; full-length practice belongs in official or properly licensed question banks.

What the cards map

Quant maps numeric forms, terms, rules, and formulas to their meaning, conditions, or use. Short scenarios ask for the operation, equation, or answer check that fits.
Verbal maps passage and argument cues to purpose, scope, evidence, inference, reasoning flaws, and evaluation moves.
Data Insights maps targets, constraints, source and display cues, metrics, and evidence states to the interpretation or decision they support. It covers Data Sufficiency, Multi-Source Reasoning, Table Analysis, Graphics Interpretation, and Two-Part Analysis.

Learning order

The mixed sequence keeps all three sections in rotation. Quant foundations come before algebra, models, and strategy checks; passage reading comes before argument evaluation; shared data literacy comes before the five Data Insights formats. Closely related prompts are spaced apart so one card does not cue the next.

Current-format boundary

This deck has no geometry lessons or formula drills, Sentence Correction, or the retired Integrated Reasoning section. It also excludes timing, scoring, test-center policy, full passages, large data sets, and response-pattern tricks.

Every card is an original compact concept or decision prompt. No official or competitor questions, answer choices, explanations, mark schemes, curriculum text, logos, or trade dress were copied or adapted. See the official GMAT exam content and Data Insights preparation guidance for the current exam boundary.

This is an independent, unofficial study resource. It is not affiliated with, endorsed by, or sponsored by the Graduate Management Admission Council (GMAC). GMAT is used only to identify the exam.

Šio rinkinio kortelės

1 kortelė
Klausimas
Which numerator-and-denominator operation creates an equivalent fraction?
Atsakymas
Multiply or divide the numerator and denominator by the same nonzero number. The fraction's value stays unchanged.
2 kortelė
Klausimas
What does data sufficiency ask you to determine?
Atsakymas
Whether the information guarantees one answer. You usually don’t need to calculate that answer.
3 kortelė
Klausimas
How do you form a passage's main idea?
Atsakymas
Combine the passage's central topic with its main claim about that topic. The answer should cover the whole passage at the right level.
4 kortelė
Klausimas
What does multiplying a decimal by 10ⁿ do when n is a positive integer?
Atsakymas
It moves the decimal point n places to the right. Dividing by 10ⁿ moves it n places left.
5 kortelė
Klausimas
What makes information sufficient for a value question?
Atsakymas
It forces exactly one value for the target. Different values that satisfy all conditions make it insufficient.
6 kortelė
Klausimas
How do you identify the passage's primary purpose?
Atsakymas
Name what the author is doing with the topic: explaining, comparing, challenging, defending, or proposing. Keep content and action together.
7 kortelė
Klausimas
How do you find p percent of a quantity q?
Atsakymas
Compute (p/100) × q. Translate “of” as multiplication.
8 kortelė
Klausimas
How can two valid cases prove insufficiency?
Atsakymas
Make the cases produce different answers to the question. One clean counterexample pair is enough.
9 kortelė
Klausimas
How do you determine a paragraph's role?
Atsakymas
Connect the paragraph to what comes before and after it. Decide whether it introduces, supports, qualifies, contrasts, applies, or concludes the larger discussion.
10 kortelė
Klausimas
A total of 45 is split in the ratio 2:3. What are the two parts?
Atsakymas
18 and 27. The five ratio units are worth 45 ÷ 5 = 9 each.
11 kortelė
Klausimas
Why can an integer restriction change sufficiency?
Atsakymas
It removes noninteger possibilities. A range containing many real numbers may contain only one integer.
12 kortelė
Klausimas
When is a product of signed factors negative?
Atsakymas
Provided no factor is zero, an odd number of negative factors gives a negative product, while an even number gives a positive product. If any factor is zero, the product is zero.
13 kortelė
Klausimas
How should two data-sufficiency statements be tested initially?
Atsakymas
Test each statement independently against the stem. Do not carry information from one statement into the other.
14 kortelė
Klausimas
What makes an integer greater than 1 prime?
Atsakymas
It has exactly two positive divisors: 1 and itself.
15 kortelė
Klausimas
What should you do first on a detail question?
Atsakymas
Return to the relevant lines and read their local context. Memory tends to preserve the topic while blurring qualifications.
16 kortelė
Klausimas
What is the divisibility rule for 2?
Atsakymas
The last digit must be even: 0, 2, 4, 6, or 8.
17 kortelė
Klausimas
How do you test whether a fact is relevant?
Atsakymas
Connect it to the requested target. A true fact that does not narrow the target adds no decision value.
18 kortelė
Klausimas
How far may a reading inference go beyond the text?
Atsakymas
Only as far as the text strongly supports. Prefer the smallest justified step and reject claims needing outside knowledge.
19 kortelė
Klausimas
Why is prime factorization useful in GMAT arithmetic?
Atsakymas
It exposes divisibility, factors, greatest common factors, least common multiples, and perfect powers.
20 kortelė
Klausimas
What must happen before quantities with different units are combined?
Atsakymas
First confirm that their dimensions are compatible, then convert them to a common unit. Keep the unit attached through the calculation to catch mismatches.
21 kortelė
Klausimas
How do you apply a passage principle to a new case?
Atsakymas
Extract the principle's required conditions, then test whether the new case has them. Surface similarity isn't enough.
22 kortelė
Klausimas
Which relationship connects distance, rate, and time?
Atsakymas
Distance = rate × time. Rearrange only after the units are compatible.
23 kortelė
Klausimas
How do you find a least common multiple from prime factorizations?
Atsakymas
Take every prime that appears, using the largest exponent present.
24 kortelė
Klausimas
How do you multiply powers with the same base?
Atsakymas
Add the exponents: aᵐ × aⁿ = aᵐ⁺ⁿ.
25 kortelė
Klausimas
How is a weighted average computed?
Atsakymas
Divide the total weighted value by the total weight. For groups, use group size as the weight unless another weight is given.
26 kortelė
Klausimas
What should a quick passage map record?
Atsakymas
Each paragraph's role and major viewpoint, plus the passage's overall direction. Record structure, not a sentence-by-sentence summary.
27 kortelė
Klausimas
What does the principal square root symbol √x return?
Atsakymas
For real x ≥ 0, it is the nonnegative number whose square is x. For example, √9 = 3, not ±3.
28 kortelė
Klausimas
When can bounds replace exact arithmetic?
Atsakymas
When the bounds separate the viable decisions. Stop once every value in the interval leads to the same choice.
29 kortelė
Klausimas
How do you keep viewpoints separate?
Atsakymas
Attach each claim to its speaker: author, critic, researcher, or group. Track agreement, disagreement, and any later qualification.
30 kortelė
Klausimas
How do “sum,” “product,” and “quotient” translate into algebra?
Atsakymas
They mean addition, multiplication, and division, respectively.
31 kortelė
Klausimas
How do you reduce a fraction to lowest terms?
Atsakymas
Divide the numerator and denominator by their greatest common factor.
32 kortelė
Klausimas
What evidence should determine the author's tone?
Atsakymas
Evaluative words, qualifications, and the treatment of competing views. Topic alone doesn't establish approval, concern, or skepticism.
33 kortelė
Klausimas
When should rounding usually occur?
Atsakymas
At the end, unless estimation already settles the decision. Early rounding can move a result across a cutoff.
34 kortelė
Klausimas
How do you convert a terminating decimal to a fraction?
Atsakymas
Write the digits over the matching power of 10, then reduce. For example, 0.375 = 375/1000 = 3/8.
35 kortelė
Klausimas
When should you stop calculating in a sufficiency problem?
Atsakymas
As soon as uniqueness is proved or disproved. More arithmetic cannot change the sufficiency decision.
36 kortelė
Klausimas
How do you spot an out-of-scope answer?
Atsakymas
It introduces a person, period, cause, or consequence the passage doesn't address. Being reasonable doesn't make it textually supported.
37 kortelė
Klausimas
What is the percent-change formula?
Atsakymas
For original > 0, percent change = (new − original) / original × 100%. Percent change from zero is undefined; negative baselines require context-specific interpretation.
38 kortelė
Klausimas
What makes information sufficient for a yes-or-no question?
Atsakymas
It forces the same yes-or-no answer in every valid case. The underlying value may still vary.
39 kortelė
Klausimas
What preserves a ratio when its quantities are scaled?
Atsakymas
Multiplying or dividing both terms by the same nonzero factor preserves the ratio.
40 kortelė
Klausimas
How do you reject a main-idea answer with the wrong scope?
Atsakymas
Compare it with the whole passage. A detail-only answer is too narrow; a claim extending beyond the passage is too broad.
41 kortelė
Klausimas
Why should you track whether a variable is positive, negative, or zero?
Atsakymas
Sign controls valid cases and operations. Squaring can hide sign, and division requires a nonzero denominator.
42 kortelė
Klausimas
How do you simplify subtraction of a negative number?
Atsakymas
Change it to addition: a − (−b) = a + b.
43 kortelė
Klausimas
Whose purpose matters in a primary-purpose question?
Atsakymas
The passage author's purpose. A theory or researcher may be described at length without representing what the author ultimately wants to do.
44 kortelė
Klausimas
When is the on-screen calculator most useful?
Atsakymas
For tedious arithmetic after the setup is clear. It does not replace choosing the right relationship or denominator.
45 kortelė
Klausimas
In Data Sufficiency, what stem information applies when testing either statement?
Atsakymas
Everything in the question stem. Stem facts remain active for each statement and for the combination.
46 kortelė
Klausimas
What is the divisibility rule for 3?
Atsakymas
The sum of the digits must be divisible by 3.
47 kortelė
Klausimas
What does a transition paragraph often do?
Atsakymas
It closes one line of thought and sets up the next. Its role depends on both sides, not only on its first sentence.
48 kortelė
Klausimas
When is a proxy measure useful?
Atsakymas
When evidence shows it reliably tracks the target for the intended decision. Correlation may support prediction, but it proves neither causation nor suitability on its own.
49 kortelė
Klausimas
How do you find a greatest common factor from prime factorizations?
Atsakymas
Take each shared prime to the smaller exponent.
50 kortelė
Klausimas
What is the arithmetic mean?
Atsakymas
The sum of the values divided by the number of values.
51 kortelė
Klausimas
What units should a rate have?
Atsakymas
One quantity per another, such as kilometers per hour. The denominator tells you what the rate is measured against.
52 kortelė
Klausimas
How do you divide powers with the same nonzero base?
Atsakymas
Subtract the exponents: aᵐ ÷ aⁿ = aᵐ⁻ⁿ.
53 kortelė
Klausimas
What makes a paraphrase faithful to a passage detail?
Atsakymas
It preserves the original meaning, scope, and certainty in different words. Shared keywords alone don't make it accurate.
54 kortelė
Klausimas
How do you recover a total from an average?
Atsakymas
Total = average × number of values.
55 kortelė
Klausimas
How do you choose between two plausible reading inferences?
Atsakymas
Choose the one with the tighter textual chain and fewer assumptions. Plausibility in the real world is secondary.
56 kortelė
Klausimas
What quick check can catch a calculator-entry error?
Atsakymas
Estimate the order of magnitude and direction first. An exact result far outside that range deserves another look.
57 kortelė
Klausimas
How do you simplify a square root with a perfect-square factor?
Atsakymas
Factor out the perfect square. For example, √72 = √(36 × 2) = 6√2.
58 kortelė
Klausimas
What makes a new example parallel to one in the passage?
Atsakymas
The same logical relationship. Match cause, contrast, exception, or function rather than shared subject matter.
59 kortelė
Klausimas
When can work rates be added?
Atsakymas
Add the stated constant rates when the workers operate simultaneously without interfering with one another. At 1/4 and 1/6 job per hour, together they complete 5/12 job per hour.
60 kortelė
Klausimas
What is the denominator in a percent comparison?
Atsakymas
The stated reference value. “A as a percent of B” means A divided by B, then multiplied by 100.
61 kortelė
Klausimas
How do you translate “5 less than x”?
Atsakymas
x − 5. The phrase “less than” reverses the spoken order.
62 kortelė
Klausimas
In Data Sufficiency, what should you check before testing values?
Atsakymas
The full domain. Honor stated restrictions and implicit ones such as positive lengths or nonzero divisors before judging sufficiency.
63 kortelė
Klausimas
How do you add fractions with different denominators?
Atsakymas
Rewrite them with a common denominator, then add the numerators. For example, 2/3 + 1/4 = 8/12 + 3/12 = 11/12.
64 kortelė
Klausimas
How do you distinguish description from argument in a passage?
Atsakymas
Description presents what happened or what a view says; argument gives reasons to accept, reject, or revise a claim.
65 kortelė
Klausimas
How should you compare decimals with different lengths?
Atsakymas
Append trailing zeros and compare place by place. For example, compare 0.47 with 0.4700, which are equal.
66 kortelė
Klausimas
How should combined statements be evaluated?
Atsakymas
Intersect their constraints with the stem. The combination is sufficient only if every remaining case gives one answer.
67 kortelė
Klausimas
How do you find common ground between two viewpoints?
Atsakymas
Look for the narrow claim both accept, even if they disagree about its cause, importance, or implications.
68 kortelė
Klausimas
How do you solve a proportion such as a/b = c/d?
Atsakymas
Cross-multiply to get ad = bc, provided b and d are nonzero.
69 kortelė
Klausimas
How is average speed computed?
Atsakymas
Total distance divided by total time. It is not usually the simple mean of the segment speeds.
70 kortelė
Klausimas
What does |x| represent?
Atsakymas
The nonnegative distance from x to 0 on the number line.
71 kortelė
Klausimas
Why are strongly emotional tone descriptions often wrong?
Atsakymas
They overstate measured academic prose. Match the answer's intensity to the author's actual language.
72 kortelė
Klausimas
What is the divisibility rule for 4?
Atsakymas
The number formed by the last two digits must be divisible by 4.
73 kortelė
Klausimas
Can the ordinary percent-change formula be applied directly when the original value is zero or negative?
Atsakymas
No. The ordinary GMAT rule assumes original > 0. Change from zero is undefined, and a negative baseline requires context-specific interpretation.
74 kortelė
Klausimas
Why can a true statement still be a wrong answer?
Atsakymas
It may not answer the question asked. Check the task—main idea, detail, inference, role, or purpose—before checking truth.
75 kortelė
Klausimas
When must a weighted average lie between its component values?
Atsakymas
When every weight is nonnegative and the total weight is positive. The average then lies between the smallest and largest component values.
76 kortelė
Klausimas
How do you express an integer n divided by d with remainder r?
Atsakymas
n = dq + r, where q is an integer and 0 ≤ r < d for positive d.
77 kortelė
Klausimas
What does an inequality usually provide?
Atsakymas
A range, not a unique value. It can still be sufficient if the question asks whether a threshold is crossed.
78 kortelė
Klausimas
How should you handle an EXCEPT detail prompt?
Atsakymas
Verify four statements against the passage and select the one that isn't supported. Keep the reversed task visible while checking each choice.
79 kortelė
Klausimas
How should you set up a unit conversion?
Atsakymas
Multiply by a conversion factor equal to 1, placing units so the unwanted unit cancels.
80 kortelė
Klausimas
Can two individually insufficient statements remain insufficient together?
Atsakymas
Yes. They may repeat the same limitation or still leave multiple valid answers.
81 kortelė
Klausimas
For a positive base, how do you simplify a power raised to another power?
Atsakymas
Multiply the exponents: (aᵐ)ⁿ = a^(mn).
82 kortelė
Klausimas
When can you infer that an author accepts a claim?
Atsakymas
When the author endorses it directly or relies on it without distancing language. Merely reporting another person's view isn't endorsement.
83 kortelė
Klausimas
How should successive percentage changes be combined?
Atsakymas
Multiply their factors. A 10% rise followed by a 10% fall gives 1.10 × 0.90 = 0.99, a 1% net fall.
84 kortelė
Klausimas
What are compatible numbers in estimation?
Atsakymas
Nearby numbers chosen to make mental arithmetic easy, such as 203 ÷ 9.9 ≈ 200 ÷ 10 = 20.
85 kortelė
Klausimas
Which constraints are easy to overlook in a word problem?
Atsakymas
Countability, positivity, distinctness, and capacity limits. Translate each noun and rule into a usable constraint.
86 kortelė
Klausimas
How do you state the exact disagreement between two viewpoints?
Atsakymas
Identify one claim that one side accepts and the other rejects. Don't substitute a topic that only one side discusses.
87 kortelė
Klausimas
How do you represent three consecutive integers?
Atsakymas
n, n + 1, and n + 2 for an integer n.
88 kortelė
Klausimas
How do percentage points differ from percent change?
Atsakymas
Percentage points are the direct difference between percentages. Moving from 20% to 25% is 5 points and a 25% relative increase.
89 kortelė
Klausimas
What is a reversed-relationship trap?
Atsakymas
It swaps cause and effect, support and conclusion, or the positions of two viewpoints while reusing familiar passage language.
90 kortelė
Klausimas
How do you multiply two fractions?
Atsakymas
Multiply numerator by numerator and denominator by denominator, canceling common factors when convenient.
91 kortelė
Klausimas
How do direct and inverse proportion differ?
Atsakymas
Direct: y = kx; inverse: y = k/x for x ≠ 0.
92 kortelė
Klausimas
How do you recover an original value after a percentage increase?
Atsakymas
Divide the new value by the growth factor. After a 20% increase, original = new ÷ 1.20.
93 kortelė
Klausimas
When should absolute wording raise suspicion?
Atsakymas
When the passage is qualified. Words such as always, never, entirely, and impossible require equally strong textual support.
94 kortelė
Klausimas
What should you identify first in Data Sufficiency?
Atsakymas
The exact target and answer type. Decide whether the stem asks for a value, a comparison, or a yes-or-no result.
95 kortelė
Klausimas
What ending makes an integer divisible by 5 or by 10?
Atsakymas
A last digit of 0 or 5 gives divisibility by 5; a last digit of 0 gives divisibility by 10.
96 kortelė
Klausimas
How should a Data Sufficiency condition be handled?
Atsakymas
Translate it into a precise constraint before testing sufficiency. Keep it separate from the conclusion you want.
97 kortelė
Klausimas
How do you reject a half-right answer?
Atsakymas
Test every part of it. One accurate clause can't rescue a second clause that distorts the passage or exceeds its scope.
98 kortelė
Klausimas
When you convert a positive measurement to a smaller linear unit, what happens to its numerical value?
Atsakymas
It increases. Multiply by the number of smaller units in one larger unit.
99 kortelė
Klausimas
DS example: Is x > 5? Statement: x > 3. Is the statement sufficient?
Atsakymas
No. Both x = 4 and x = 6 satisfy the statement, but they answer the stem differently.
100 kortelė
Klausimas
What is a⁰ when a is nonzero?
Atsakymas
The nonzero-base condition matters because 0⁰ is not assigned this rule.
101 kortelė
Klausimas
Which claim is the argument trying to establish?
Atsakymas
The main conclusion. Find the claim supported by the other statements, then check that it answers the argument's central issue.
102 kortelė
Klausimas
When should the two statements be combined?
Atsakymas
When neither statement is sufficient alone. Use both constraints at once and test the remaining possibilities.
103 kortelė
Klausimas
A positive number rounds to 8.2 to the nearest tenth. What interval contains it?
Atsakymas
8.15 ≤ x < 8.25. The lower endpoint rounds up to 8.2; the upper endpoint rounds to 8.3.
104 kortelė
Klausimas
What should you check when the conclusion changes populations?
Atsakymas
Whether the evidence applies to the new population. Results from volunteers, specialists, or one age group may not transfer to everyone.
105 kortelė
Klausimas
How should test values be chosen in Data Sufficiency?
Atsakymas
Choose valid values that probe boundaries, signs, and distinct outcomes. Random easy values can miss the deciding case.
106 kortelė
Klausimas
How do you translate “A is 30% more than B”?
Atsakymas
A = 1.30B. The percentage is based on B.
107 kortelė
Klausimas
When can one equation involving two variables be sufficient for a target?
Atsakymas
When every valid solution gives the same target value, even if neither variable is unique. For example, x + y = 10 is sufficient to determine x + y.
108 kortelė
Klausimas
What does a correlation establish by itself?
Atsakymas
Only that two things vary together. It doesn't establish which one causes the other or whether a third factor causes both.
109 kortelė
Klausimas
How do you divide by a nonzero fraction?
Atsakymas
Multiply by its reciprocal. For example, 3/5 ÷ 2/7 = 3/5 × 7/2.
110 kortelė
Klausimas
Why is a ratio often insufficient for an absolute value?
Atsakymas
A ratio fixes relative size but usually leaves the scale free. Many proportional pairs can share the same ratio.
111 kortelė
Klausimas
What is the divisibility rule for 9?
Atsakymas
The sum of the digits must be divisible by 9.
112 kortelė
Klausimas
What matters most when applying a sample result to a population?
Atsakymas
Representativeness. The sample must resemble the target population on traits that could affect the result.
113 kortelė
Klausimas
What should you check after solving a squared equation?
Atsakymas
Check every allowed root. If positive and negative roots produce different target answers, the information is insufficient.
114 kortelė
Klausimas
What does a negative exponent mean?
Atsakymas
It takes the reciprocal: a⁻ⁿ = 1/aⁿ for nonzero a.
115 kortelė
Klausimas
Which baseline makes a comparison informative?
Atsakymas
The baseline relevant to the claim. Compare the outcome with what would otherwise have happened, not merely with an unrelated earlier figure.
116 kortelė
Klausimas
What risk appears when an equation factors into multiple branches?
Atsakymas
Each branch may create valid cases. Test all branches against the stem before deciding sufficiency.
117 kortelė
Klausimas
How can you compare two positive fractions quickly?
Atsakymas
Compare their cross-products. For a/b and c/d with positive denominators, compare ad with bc.
118 kortelė
Klausimas
What may be assumed from a Data Sufficiency diagram?
Atsakymas
Only marked or stated facts. Do not infer scale, equality, perpendicularity, or midpoint status from appearance.
119 kortelė
Klausimas
What multiplier represents a p percent increase or decrease?
Atsakymas
Use 1 + p/100 for an increase and 1 − p/100 for a decrease.
120 kortelė
Klausimas
Which statements count as evidence?
Atsakymas
The statements offered as reasons to accept another claim. Evidence may be factual or assumed for the argument, even if it isn't proven in real life.
121 kortelė
Klausimas
Can a mean determine an individual observation?
Atsakymas
Not by itself. A mean fixes the total, but different sets can have that total unless more constraints apply.
122 kortelė
Klausimas
What weakens a move from past evidence to a present claim?
Atsakymas
A relevant change over time. New technology, prices, rules, or behavior can make the earlier evidence a poor guide.
123 kortelė
Klausimas
A value becomes 96 after a 20% increase. What was the original value?
Atsakymas
Divide the final value by the growth multiplier: 96 ÷ 1.2 = 80.
124 kortelė
Klausimas
How do extreme valid cases help in Data Sufficiency?
Atsakymas
They expose whether the target can change. Test the smallest, largest, or boundary cases allowed by the conditions.
125 kortelė
Klausimas
How do you test for reverse causation?
Atsakymas
Ask whether the alleged effect could instead cause the alleged cause. Productive teams may meet more because they are productive, not the reverse.
126 kortelė
Klausimas
Must a sufficient statement make every variable unique?
Atsakymas
No. It only needs to make the requested target unique, even if other variables remain undetermined.
127 kortelė
Klausimas
A price rises 20% and then falls 20%. Does it return to its original value?
Atsakymas
No. The multipliers give 1.20 × 0.80 = 0.96, so the final price is 4% below the original.
128 kortelė
Klausimas
Why can a voluntary survey be biased?
Atsakymas
People who choose to respond may differ from those who don't. Strong opinions or extra interest can distort the sample.
129 kortelė
Klausimas
How do you expand a(b + c)?
Atsakymas
ab + ac. The outside factor multiplies every term inside the parentheses.
130 kortelė
Klausimas
What should the final Data Sufficiency decision describe?
Atsakymas
Which information set guarantees an answer. It should not report the target’s numerical value.
131 kortelė
Klausimas
What is the goal when solving a linear equation?
Atsakymas
Isolate the variable by applying equivalent operations to both sides.
132 kortelė
Klausimas
DS example: Is integer n even? Statement: n = 7. Is the statement sufficient?
Atsakymas
Yes. It guarantees one answer—no. A statement can be sufficient even when that answer is negative.
133 kortelė
Klausimas
When must an inequality sign reverse?
Atsakymas
When both sides are multiplied or divided by a negative number.
134 kortelė
Klausimas
What must be checked before comparing two groups?
Atsakymas
Whether they differ in other relevant ways. Age, experience, starting level, or incentives may explain the outcome instead.
135 kortelė
Klausimas
When is substitution preferable to elimination in a two-equation system?
Atsakymas
Use substitution when one variable is already isolated or easy to isolate; use elimination when coefficients cancel easily.
136 kortelė
Klausimas
What should you build before analyzing Multi-Source Reasoning material?
Atsakymas
A quick source map. Note what each tab or document contains, who produced it, and the relevant date or scope.
137 kortelė
Klausimas
How do you separate background from evidence?
Atsakymas
Ask whether the statement supports a claim. Background sets context; evidence does logical work in moving the argument toward a conclusion.
138 kortelė
Klausimas
Which algebraic terms can be combined?
Atsakymas
Terms with the same variable part and exponents. For example, 3x² and −5x² combine, but 3x² and 3x do not.
139 kortelė
Klausimas
When should you read the Multi-Source Reasoning question?
Atsakymas
Before a deep read of every source. The question tells you which details deserve attention.
140 kortelė
Klausimas
What is a reliable first step for an equation containing several fractions?
Atsakymas
Multiply every term by the least common denominator, then solve the simpler equation.
141 kortelė
Klausimas
Why does source provenance matter?
Atsakymas
It defines what a claim can support. An internal forecast and an audited result do not carry the same evidentiary weight.
142 kortelė
Klausimas
What should you test when evidence comes from a different setting?
Atsakymas
Whether the settings differ in a way that affects the result. A finding from one market, school, or climate may not carry over unchanged.
143 kortelė
Klausimas
What does an “and” compound inequality require?
Atsakymas
The overlap of both solution sets. A value must satisfy both conditions.
144 kortelė
Klausimas
What should you compare before combining claims from two sources?
Atsakymas
Their population, period, units, and definitions. Matching labels can hide different scopes.
145 kortelė
Klausimas
How can a third factor undermine a causal claim?
Atsakymas
It may explain both events, so their correlation no longer establishes a direct causal link by itself. Hot weather can raise both cold-drink sales and pool attendance.
146 kortelė
Klausimas
What do one, zero, or infinitely many solutions mean for two linear equations in two variables?
Atsakymas
The lines intersect once, are parallel and distinct, or are the same line, respectively.
147 kortelė
Klausimas
How should records from separate sources be linked?
Atsakymas
Use a shared key with the same meaning in both sources, such as product code and month. Do not join on a vague label alone.
148 kortelė
Klausimas
How do you factor 6x + 9?
Atsakymas
3(2x + 3). Pull out the greatest common factor.
149 kortelė
Klausimas
When does nonresponse threaten a survey result?
Atsakymas
When nonrespondents may answer differently from respondents. A high response count doesn't fix a systematic missing group.
150 kortelė
Klausimas
What is the first step when two sources seem inconsistent?
Atsakymas
Compare definitions, dates, units, and aggregation levels. Many apparent conflicts come from mismatched frames.
300 kortelių
GMAT Flashcards: Quant, Verbal & Data Insights Decisions
Mokytis iš šio rinkinio nemokamai
Atsidarys Nibomo ir galėsite pradėti mokytis.
151 kortelė
Klausimas
When can you use the zero-product property?
Atsakymas
After rewriting a product equal to zero. If (x − 2)(x + 5) = 0, then x = 2 or x = −5.
152 kortelė
Klausimas
How does an inference differ from a stated fact?
Atsakymas
A fact appears directly in a source; an inference must follow from the sources without an extra assumption.
153 kortelė
Klausimas
Does a higher percentage by itself prove a higher count?
Atsakymas
No. The underlying totals matter. Twenty percent of 1,000 is more than fifty percent of 100.
154 kortelė
Klausimas
What does an “or” compound inequality require?
Atsakymas
The union of the solution sets. A value may satisfy either condition or both.
155 kortelė
Klausimas
What does a blank or omitted value establish?
Atsakymas
Only that the value is not provided. It does not establish zero, no change, or failure.
156 kortelė
Klausimas
How do you recognize an intermediate conclusion?
Atsakymas
It is supported by one claim and supports another. It acts as both a conclusion and a premise in the same argument.
157 kortelė
Klausimas
What should you do before writing equations for a two-quantity word problem?
Atsakymas
Define each variable with its unit, then translate one independent relationship per equation.
158 kortelė
Klausimas
Why should cross-source events be placed in time order?
Atsakymas
Sequence separates prior conditions from later outcomes and prevents using future information as an earlier cause.
159 kortelė
Klausimas
When should candidate solutions be checked in the original equation?
Atsakymas
Always after a step that may introduce solutions, especially squaring both sides or clearing variable denominators.
160 kortelė
Klausimas
How can switching from one measured outcome to another create a gap?
Atsakymas
Evidence about one metric may not support a conclusion about another. More website visits, for example, don't by themselves mean more sales.
161 kortelė
Klausimas
What makes a source relevant to a claim?
Atsakymas
It supplies evidence for a required link in the claim. Related background alone is not enough.
162 kortelė
Klausimas
How do you solve a factored polynomial inequality reliably?
Atsakymas
Find the zeros, split the number line into intervals, and test each interval's sign. Include a zero only when equality is allowed.
163 kortelė
Klausimas
Does happening first prove causation?
Atsakymas
No. The timing may fit a causal story, but coincidence or another cause can still explain the later event.
164 kortelė
Klausimas
How can you spot an unsupported cross-source conclusion?
Atsakymas
Identify the bridge between evidence and conclusion. If the sources never establish that bridge, the conclusion needs an assumption.
165 kortelė
Klausimas
What do 0 = 0 and 0 = 5 mean after simplifying an equation?
Atsakymas
0 = 0 means every allowed value is a solution; 0 = 5 means there is no solution.
166 kortelė
Klausimas
What should you verify before comparing figures from different sources?
Atsakymas
Common units and denominators. Convert first, then compare the same quantity on the same basis.
167 kortelė
Klausimas
How do you interpret |x − a| < r when r is positive?
Atsakymas
x is within r units of a: a − r < x < a + r.
168 kortelė
Klausimas
What can a larger sample improve?
Atsakymas
Precision, if the sampling method is sound. A huge biased sample can still give a confidently wrong picture of the population.
169 kortelė
Klausimas
How should a cross-source recommendation be evaluated?
Atsakymas
Apply the stated decision rule to the combined evidence. Do not substitute a personal preference for the rule.
170 kortelė
Klausimas
If a worker finishes one job in t hours, what is the worker's hourly rate?
Atsakymas
1/t of the job per hour.
171 kortelė
Klausimas
What can an average hide?
Atsakymas
The distribution. Two groups can share an average while differing sharply in range, concentration, or the number of extreme values.
172 kortelė
Klausimas
What should you confirm before submitting a Multi-Source Reasoning answer?
Atsakymas
That every required part is supported by the correct source and scope. One unsupported component can invalidate the whole decision.
173 kortelė
Klausimas
How do you find the amount of a pure component in a mixture?
Atsakymas
Concentration × total mixture amount. A 30% solution with volume 20 contains 0.30 × 20 = 6 units of the component.
174 kortelė
Klausimas
What role does a concession usually play?
Atsakymas
It acknowledges a point that weighs against the conclusion, then answers that point or limits its relevance. Don't mistake the conceded claim for the argument's main conclusion.
175 kortelė
Klausimas
When can an apparent cross-source discrepancy be resolved?
Atsakymas
When a stated difference in scope or method explains both figures. If no bridge is given, keep the conflict open.
176 kortelė
Klausimas
What is the two-set overlap formula?
Atsakymas
In A or B = in A + in B − in both. Subtract the overlap because it was counted twice.
177 kortelė
Klausimas
What should you identify first in Table Analysis?
Atsakymas
The row unit, column definitions, and any notes. This establishes what one record and each value represent.
178 kortelė
Klausimas
What is the fundamental counting principle?
Atsakymas
Multiply the choices at successive stages when each stage has a fixed number of available choices.
179 kortelė
Klausimas
Why distinguish relative change from absolute change?
Atsakymas
Relative change is the percentage change; absolute change is the amount added or lost. A 50% rise from 2 adds 1, while a 10% rise from 1,000 adds 100.
180 kortelė
Klausimas
How should a table filter be translated?
Atsakymas
Turn it into an exact inclusion rule. Apply every condition before counting or comparing rows.
181 kortelė
Klausimas
For equally likely outcomes, what is the basic probability formula?
Atsakymas
Favorable outcomes divided by total possible outcomes.
182 kortelė
Klausimas
What makes a proposed causal mechanism useful?
Atsakymas
It explains how the cause could produce the effect. A plausible, evidence-backed mechanism strengthens the causal link.
183 kortelė
Klausimas
How do you find the median?
Atsakymas
Order the values and take the middle value; for an even count, average the two middle values.
184 kortelė
Klausimas
How should numeric values be sorted?
Atsakymas
By numerical value, not digit order. For example, 12 comes after 9 in ascending order.
185 kortelė
Klausimas
What is missed when evidence includes only successful cases?
Atsakymas
The failures. Studying only surviving firms can make a strategy look safer or more effective than it is.
186 kortelė
Klausimas
Two machines have stated constant rates of 1/3 and 1/5 job per hour and operate simultaneously without interference. May their rates be added?
Atsakymas
Yes. The stated rates are constant and the machines do not interfere, so their combined rate is 1/3 + 1/5 = 8/15 job per hour.
187 kortelė
Klausimas
How should a table ratio be built when filters are involved?
Atsakymas
Derive the numerator and denominator separately from the question, then apply each filter only where it is relevant. Do not automatically filter both quantities or default to all rows.
188 kortelė
Klausimas
What quantity is conserved when two solutions are mixed without loss?
Atsakymas
The amount of the pure component. Set the sum of the starting component amounts equal to the final component amount.
189 kortelė
Klausimas
When may table rows be added directly?
Atsakymas
Only when they are disjoint parts of the same measure and use compatible units. Overlapping groups would be double-counted.
190 kortelė
Klausimas
What does n! mean for a positive integer n?
Atsakymas
The product of the positive integers from 1 through n.
191 kortelė
Klausimas
Where is the argument's logical gap?
Atsakymas
Between the evidence and the conclusion. State what must connect them without merely repeating either side.
192 kortelė
Klausimas
How do you find the number in neither of two sets?
Atsakymas
Subtract the number in the union from the total population.
193 kortelė
Klausimas
How should rates from table groups be combined?
Atsakymas
Divide the total numerator by the total denominator. Weight a group rate by its group size only when that size is the rate's denominator.
194 kortelė
Klausimas
What is wrong with moving from some cases to all cases?
Atsakymas
The conclusion is broader than the evidence. Evidence that some members have a trait doesn't show that every member does.
195 kortelė
Klausimas
When should you use a permutation?
Atsakymas
When selecting and arranging items and order matters. The number of ordered selections of r from n distinct items is n!/(n − r)!.
196 kortelė
Klausimas
Why does table granularity matter?
Atsakymas
A row-level fact may disappear or change after aggregation. Match the claim to the table’s level of detail.
197 kortelė
Klausimas
How do you find the probability that an event does not occur?
Atsakymas
1 − P(event). This is often the quickest route for “at least one” questions.
198 kortelė
Klausimas
Why does a comparable control group help test causation?
Atsakymas
It shows what happened without the suspected cause. If the groups differ mainly in that factor, the result is harder to explain another way.
199 kortelė
Klausimas
How should missing table entries be treated?
Atsakymas
As unknown unless the notes define another meaning. Exclude or include them only as the question directs.
200 kortelė
Klausimas
What is the mode of a data set?
Atsakymas
A mode is any value with the greatest frequency. Under the no-mode convention, there is no mode only when at least two distinct values all have equal frequency.
201 kortelė
Klausimas
What makes a table comparison valid?
Atsakymas
The values must have compatible measures, units, periods, populations, and definitions. Normalize only validly convertible differences; reject differences in population, period, or definition that cannot be reconciled.
202 kortelė
Klausimas
What should you check when a prediction extends a past pattern?
Atsakymas
Whether the conditions behind the past pattern will continue. A trend alone doesn't show that its causes will remain in place.
203 kortelė
Klausimas
How should a drain or other undoing process enter a work-rate equation?
Atsakymas
As a negative rate. Add productive rates and subtract rates that reverse the work.
204 kortelė
Klausimas
How can you avoid losing your place while scanning a table?
Atsakymas
Evaluate one condition at a time and mark qualifying rows mentally or on the scratchpad. Count only after the final filter.
205 kortelė
Klausimas
Can evidence that an outcome is possible show it is likely?
Atsakymas
No. Possibility only shows that an outcome can occur; probability requires evidence about how likely it is.
206 kortelė
Klausimas
What correction is needed when counting the union of three sets?
Atsakymas
Add the three individual counts, subtract all three pairwise overlaps, then add the triple overlap back once.
207 kortelė
Klausimas
When does a filtered table support a decision?
Atsakymas
When the qualifying rows satisfy the stated rule. Keep filtering, calculation, and decision as separate steps.
208 kortelė
Klausimas
When should you use a combination?
Atsakymas
When selecting items and order does not matter. The number of selections of r from n distinct items is n!/[r!(n − r)!].
209 kortelė
Klausimas
What must support a recommendation?
Atsakymas
A link from the proposed action to the stated goal. The argument also needs the action to be feasible and free of costs that defeat the goal.
210 kortelė
Klausimas
How do AND and OR change a table filter?
Atsakymas
AND requires every condition; OR requires at least one. Parenthesize mixed rules before scanning rows.
211 kortelė
Klausimas
How do you find the probability that independent events both occur?
Atsakymas
Multiply their probabilities: P(A and B) = P(A) × P(B).
212 kortelė
Klausimas
What can make an alphabetical sort misleading?
Atsakymas
Labels may contain categories or embedded numbers. Confirm whether the column is text, numeric, or chronological.
213 kortelė
Klausimas
What kind of fact most directly strengthens an argument?
Atsakymas
A fact that supports the missing link between evidence and conclusion. Merely repeating a premise adds little.
214 kortelė
Klausimas
What is the range of a data set?
Atsakymas
Maximum value minus minimum value.
215 kortelė
Klausimas
What should you check at a filter cutoff?
Atsakymas
Whether the boundary is inclusive. “At least 40” includes 40; “more than 40” does not.
216 kortelė
Klausimas
A train covers 150 miles in 3 hours at a constant rate. What is its rate?
Atsakymas
50 miles per hour. Rearrange distance = rate × time to get rate = 150 ÷ 3.
217 kortelė
Klausimas
What is the most direct way to weaken an argument?
Atsakymas
Undermine a necessary assumption connecting the evidence to the conclusion. The premises can remain true while the conclusion loses support.
218 kortelė
Klausimas
What does a tie in the sorted column imply?
Atsakymas
The tied rows share rank on that measure. Their display order does not create a performance difference.
219 kortelė
Klausimas
How do you identify a useful evaluation question?
Atsakymas
Test whether opposite answers would push the argument in opposite directions. If both answers leave the conclusion unchanged, the question isn't useful.
220 kortelė
Klausimas
What should you identify first in Graphics Interpretation?
Atsakymas
The chart type and what each visual encoding represents. Bars, lines, areas, and points support different readings.
221 kortelė
Klausimas
How do repeated identical items affect arrangement counts?
Atsakymas
For n total items, divide n! by the factorial of each repeated count. Identical items do not create new arrangements when swapped.
222 kortelė
Klausimas
What should you read before estimating a plotted value?
Atsakymas
Both axis labels, units, and category order. Position has meaning only after the axes are understood.
223 kortelė
Klausimas
How do you test whether a statement is a necessary assumption?
Atsakymas
Negate it. If that negation seriously damages the argument, the original statement was necessary.
224 kortelė
Klausimas
How do you find the probability that one of two mutually exclusive events occurs?
Atsakymas
Add their probabilities: P(A or B) = P(A) + P(B). Their overlap is zero.
225 kortelė
Klausimas
What should you verify in a chart legend?
Atsakymas
Which color, shape, or line maps to each series. Similar styling can otherwise swap the groups in your interpretation.
226 kortelė
Klausimas
What does standard deviation measure?
Atsakymas
How spread out values are around the mean. Greater dispersion means a larger standard deviation.
227 kortelė
Klausimas
What standard should an inference meet?
Atsakymas
It must follow from the given statements, without extra assumptions. Choose the modest claim the evidence guarantees.
228 kortelė
Klausimas
What does a segment’s share depend on?
Atsakymas
The correct whole. A category’s share of one region may differ from its share of the full dataset.
229 kortelė
Klausimas
For motion along the same line, when do you add or subtract two speeds to get relative speed?
Atsakymas
Add the speeds for opposite directions; subtract the smaller speed from the larger for the same direction.
230 kortelė
Klausimas
What must a paradox explanation accomplish?
Atsakymas
Make both surprising facts plausible at the same time. Rejecting either stated fact doesn't resolve the tension.
231 kortelė
Klausimas
How is a segment in a stacked bar measured?
Atsakymas
Subtract its lower boundary from its upper boundary. The upper endpoint alone is cumulative, not the segment value.
232 kortelė
Klausimas
Eight students average 70 and twelve students average 80. What is the combined mean?
Atsakymas
The group sizes are the weights: (8 × 70 + 12 × 80) ÷ 20 = 76.
233 kortelė
Klausimas
What is the difference between a graph’s level and its rate of change?
Atsakymas
Level is the plotted value; rate of change is the slope. A high line can still be falling.
234 kortelė
Klausimas
How should you describe a statement's role in an argument?
Atsakymas
Describe what it does, not just what it says. It may support the conclusion, present an objection, answer that objection, or illustrate a principle.
235 kortelė
Klausimas
What is P(A given B)?
Atsakymas
P(A and B) / P(B), provided P(B) > 0. Restrict the sample space to outcomes in B.
236 kortelė
Klausimas
How should slope be compared across a graph?
Atsakymas
Use change in vertical value divided by change in horizontal value. Visual steepness is reliable only on the same scales.
237 kortelė
Klausimas
A driver covers equal distances at 30 mph and 60 mph. Is the average speed 45 mph?
Atsakymas
No. Using 60 miles for each leg gives 120 miles in 3 hours, so the average speed is 40 mph.
238 kortelė
Klausimas
What should you identify first when evaluating a plan?
Atsakymas
The plan's exact goal and success measure. A proposal can produce benefits yet still fail its stated objective.
239 kortelė
Klausimas
What does a trend in a scatterplot establish?
Atsakymas
An association in the displayed data. It does not by itself establish causation or predict every individual point.
240 kortelė
Klausimas
How can you strengthen a causal explanation?
Atsakymas
Rule out a credible alternative cause, support the proposed mechanism, or show the effect changes when the proposed cause changes.
241 kortelė
Klausimas
How can an outlier affect a graphical trend?
Atsakymas
It can pull a summary line or average away from the main cluster. Check whether the claim concerns all points or the typical pattern.
242 kortelė
Klausimas
Why do probabilities usually change when sampling without replacement?
Atsakymas
The sample space changes after each draw. Update both the favorable count and the total before multiplying conditional probabilities.
243 kortelė
Klausimas
One value in an n-value set increases by d. How does the mean change?
Atsakymas
It increases by d/n because the total rises by d while the count stays fixed.
244 kortelė
Klausimas
When does a counterexample weaken a claim?
Atsakymas
When the claim requires the counterexample not to exist. One genuine exception can defeat an absolute claim, but may barely affect a modest one.
245 kortelė
Klausimas
What is the parity of the sum of two odd integers?
Atsakymas
Even. Each odd integer is one more than an even integer, so the two extra ones add to 2.
246 kortelė
Klausimas
What can an aggregate graph hide?
Atsakymas
Differences among subgroups or periods. A stable total can coexist with large offsetting changes inside it.
247 kortelė
Klausimas
When is interpolation reasonable on a graph?
Atsakymas
When the graph implies continuity between nearby points. Do not interpolate across separate categories.
248 kortelė
Klausimas
What makes information relevant to evaluating an argument?
Atsakymas
It bears on the uncertain link the conclusion depends on. Interesting facts about the topic may still be logically irrelevant.
249 kortelė
Klausimas
How precise should a value read from a graph be?
Atsakymas
Only as precise as the scale supports. Use a defensible interval when the mark falls between ticks.
250 kortelė
Klausimas
Must a necessary assumption prove the conclusion?
Atsakymas
No. It only has to be required for the argument to work; it need not be enough to establish the conclusion on its own.
251 kortelė
Klausimas
How do you multiply positive numbers written in scientific notation?
Atsakymas
Multiply the coefficients, add the powers of 10, then adjust the coefficient to be at least 1 and less than 10.
252 kortelė
Klausimas
How should a graph-based decision be made?
Atsakymas
Translate the visual into values or bounds, then apply the stated rule. Do not decide from appearance alone.
253 kortelė
Klausimas
When is backsolving from answer choices especially useful?
Atsakymas
When the choices are concrete values and direct algebra is slower than testing them in the original conditions.
254 kortelė
Klausimas
How can axis scale distort a visual impression?
Atsakymas
Unequal intervals or a truncated baseline can magnify or compress differences. Use tick values, not apparent distance alone.
255 kortelė
Klausimas
When should you combine two statements for an inference?
Atsakymas
When they share a term or relationship that creates a guaranteed consequence. Don't combine them through an unstated causal or statistical link.
256 kortelė
Klausimas
When is a product of integers odd?
Atsakymas
Only when every factor is odd. One even factor makes the entire product even.
257 kortelė
Klausimas
What often resolves two apparently conflicting results?
Atsakymas
A hidden difference in group, time, measurement, or conditions. The results may describe different slices of the situation.
258 kortelė
Klausimas
How should equal distances on a logarithmic axis be interpreted?
Atsakymas
As equal multiplicative changes, not equal absolute changes. Read the labeled values before comparing gaps.
259 kortelė
Klausimas
Why start with a middle answer choice when backsolving ordered options?
Atsakymas
Its result often eliminates half the choices at once when the relationship is monotonic.
260 kortelė
Klausimas
What makes a Two-Part Analysis response complete?
Atsakymas
Both selections must satisfy their own column prompts under the same stem. Treat the pair as one submitted response.
261 kortelė
Klausimas
What is an analogy doing when it supports a claim?
Atsakymas
It argues that because two cases share relevant features, a result or principle from one likely applies to the other.
262 kortelė
Klausimas
How do you represent three consecutive odd integers?
Atsakymas
n, n + 2, and n + 4, where n is an odd integer.
263 kortelė
Klausimas
What should you identify before solving Two-Part Analysis?
Atsakymas
The role of each column. One may ask for a condition while the other asks for a consequence or decision.
264 kortelė
Klausimas
What values should you test first in a claim about an unspecified number?
Atsakymas
Test allowed categories that may behave differently: positive, negative, zero, fractional, and boundary values.
265 kortelė
Klausimas
How can an unchanged bottleneck defeat a plan?
Atsakymas
Improving a nonlimiting step won't improve the final outcome if another constraint still controls it. Faster ordering doesn't help when production is already full.
266 kortelė
Klausimas
How does the shared stem affect the two parts?
Atsakymas
Its definitions and constraints apply to both. Keep them fixed while testing each column’s requirement.
267 kortelė
Klausimas
How do you count the positive divisors of an integer greater than 1 from its prime factorization?
Atsakymas
Add 1 to each prime exponent, then multiply those results.
268 kortelė
Klausimas
In Two-Part Analysis, must the two selected entries be the same?
Atsakymas
In the current format, the two selected entries may be the same or different. A linkage in the stem determines whether you must reason through them jointly, not whether their values match.
269 kortelė
Klausimas
What makes evidence for a general claim strong?
Atsakymas
It should be relevant and reliable and, if case-based, come from representative cases. More evidence isn't automatically better evidence.
270 kortelė
Klausimas
How do you factor a difference of squares?
Atsakymas
Use x² − y² = (x − y)(x + y).
271 kortelė
Klausimas
When should the two Two-Part Analysis selections be solved together?
Atsakymas
When one shared relationship constrains both. Test candidate pairs against that relationship instead of solving isolated fragments.
272 kortelė
Klausimas
How can one counterexample evaluate a universal claim?
Atsakymas
One valid counterexample disproves a claim that is supposed to hold for every allowed value.
273 kortelė
Klausimas
How does an alternative explanation weaken a conclusion?
Atsakymas
It shows that the evidence can be true without the proposed explanation being true. The alternative must account for the same result.
274 kortelė
Klausimas
In Two-Part Analysis, how can one column help solve the other?
Atsakymas
A valid selection can narrow the remaining candidates when the parts share a constraint. Recheck the final pair in both columns.
275 kortelė
Klausimas
How do you test whether x² + bx + c factors into integer binomials?
Atsakymas
Look for integers r and s with r + s = b and rs = c. If they exist, the factorization is (x + r)(x + s).
276 kortelė
Klausimas
Which unknown should you evaluate first in a plan argument?
Atsakymas
A condition that could make the plan achieve or miss its goal. Focus on feasibility, response, costs, and side effects tied to that goal.
277 kortelė
Klausimas
How should a trade-off between two measures be evaluated?
Atsakymas
Apply the stated priorities or limits. An option is better only relative to the rule, not because one measure is largest.
278 kortelė
Klausimas
How can estimation screen answer choices before exact calculation?
Atsakymas
Approximate the expression's magnitude, then eliminate choices that are far too large or too small.
279 kortelė
Klausimas
In a constrained-decision Two-Part Analysis problem, what should you check before comparing candidates?
Atsakymas
Check every hard constraint first. Discard any option that breaks a required limit, then compare only the feasible candidates.
280 kortelė
Klausimas
What does a defensive assumption do?
Atsakymas
It rules out a threat that would break the argument. For example, a revenue plan may assume that its added costs won't exceed the new revenue.
281 kortelė
Klausimas
What restriction applies when a variable appears in a denominator?
Atsakymas
Exclude every value that makes the denominator zero.
282 kortelė
Klausimas
How does an objective differ from a constraint?
Atsakymas
A constraint determines what is allowed; an objective ranks the allowed options. Apply them in that order.
283 kortelė
Klausimas
Which quick checks catch many Quant answer errors?
Atsakymas
Check the sign, units, allowed range, and rough size against the question's conditions.
284 kortelė
Klausimas
What inference is safe from a statement about most members?
Atsakymas
More than half have the stated trait. You can't infer that all do, that any particular member does, or that most have another trait.
285 kortelė
Klausimas
How should a two-part threshold rule be handled?
Atsakymas
Translate each threshold with the correct inequality, including its boundary. Then test both selected values against it.
286 kortelė
Klausimas
Where can one negative sign appear in a fraction without changing its value?
Atsakymas
Before the fraction, in the numerator, or in the denominator: −(a/b) = (−a)/b = a/(−b), provided b ≠ 0.
287 kortelė
Klausimas
How does an argument choose between competing explanations?
Atsakymas
It presents evidence that one explanation handles better than the others, often by ruling out a rival prediction.
288 kortelė
Klausimas
What is an efficient way to handle two linked algebraic targets?
Atsakymas
Express both in terms of one variable or invariant. Evaluate candidate values only after the relationship is clear.
289 kortelė
Klausimas
How do you solve x² = c over the real numbers?
Atsakymas
If c > 0, x = ±√c; if c = 0, x = 0; if c < 0, there is no real solution.
290 kortelė
Klausimas
What should you check when two selected quantities form a ratio?
Atsakymas
Order and scale. The ratio A:B is not interchangeable with B:A, and proportional pairs may all fit.
291 kortelė
Klausimas
How does a positive proper fraction compare with 1?
Atsakymas
It is less than 1 because its numerator is smaller than its denominator.
292 kortelė
Klausimas
Which side effects matter when evaluating a plan?
Atsakymas
Effects that change the plan's net result or work against its goal. A small unrelated inconvenience usually doesn't matter.
293 kortelė
Klausimas
How should a two-part logical claim be tested?
Atsakymas
Separate the condition from the conclusion, then test whether each selected statement performs the requested role.
294 kortelė
Klausimas
What is the solution pattern for |x| = a over the real numbers?
Atsakymas
If a > 0, x = ±a; if a = 0, x = 0; if a < 0, there is no real solution.
295 kortelė
Klausimas
What unit check belongs in a two-part quantitative answer?
Atsakymas
Confirm that each selection has the unit requested by its column. Linked values may require different conversions.
296 kortelė
Klausimas
Why does user response matter to a plan?
Atsakymas
The plan may depend on people adopting, following, or not avoiding it. Availability alone doesn't guarantee the needed behavior.
297 kortelė
Klausimas
A response rate rises from 40% to 50%. What are the percentage-point change and the relative percent increase?
Atsakymas
The increase is 10 percentage points and 25% relative to the original rate: (50 − 40) ÷ 40 = 0.25.
298 kortelė
Klausimas
What is the final check for Two-Part Analysis?
Atsakymas
Read each column prompt with its chosen entry, then verify that the pair is jointly consistent with the stem.
299 kortelė
Klausimas
For real x and y, what two linear cases are equivalent to x² = y²?
Atsakymas
x = y or x = −y.
300 kortelė
Klausimas
How should benefits and costs be compared in a plan argument?
Atsakymas
By their net effect on the stated goal. A plan can create the intended benefit but still fail if its relevant costs are larger.

Abstract study workspace with blue number blocks, amber argument notes, and teal charts around a central light.

300 kortelių

GMAT Flashcards: Quant, Verbal & Data Insights Decisions

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GMAT Flashcards: Quant, Verbal & Data Insights Decisions

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