Academic Vocabulary Flashcards: 300 Words in Context
Study 300 independently selected cross-disciplinary academic words with concise meanings, collocations, and original context examples.
ഈ ഡെക്കിനെക്കുറിച്ച്
Study 300 independently selected cross-disciplinary academic words for reading, listening, speaking, and writing practice. Each card shows one word on the front. The back starts with a concise meaning, then gives a useful collocation and one original academic example.
What this deck practices
- Word → meaning and use: 300 single-word prompts selected through a documented, openly licensed academic-vocabulary source.
- Collocations in context: every answer pairs the word with a natural academic phrase and an original sentence.
Meaning → word cards are excluded because a short definition can fit several words, which would make many reverse prompts ambiguous. Pronunciation, translations, subject-specific terminology, exam tactics, predicted test frequency, and score claims are also outside the scope.
The deterministic sequence interleaves research methods, reasoning and claims, change and causation, comparison and evaluation, systems and processes, and society and policy. Close word-family variants stay at least three unrelated cards apart. The review scheduler handles longer-term spacing after installation.
Word selection starts from Magali Paquot's Academic Keyword List, published under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0. This deck uses a filtered and reordered 300-word subset, with analyse → analyze and summarise → summarize normalizations. The source list itself warns that pedagogical mediation is still needed. All meanings, collocations, examples, grouping, and ordering here are independently authored. This is not an official or exhaustive vocabulary list for the TOEFL iBT® test.
Requested source citation: Paquot, M. (2010). Academic Vocabulary in Learner Writing: From Extraction to Analysis. London & New York: Continuum, pp. 56–58.
The Common knowledge · CC0 1.0 label applies only to the independently authored card text, organization, and metadata to the extent applicable rights exist. It does not replace or override the AKL's CC BY 4.0 terms; reusers must follow those terms for the source-list contribution. It does not claim ownership of facts or ordinary English words. For current test content, see ETS's TOEFL iBT® test content and structure.
TOEFL iBT® is a registered trademark of ETS. This product is not endorsed or approved by ETS. No ETS questions, answers, scoring guides, or source prose were copied.
ഈ ഡെക്കിലെ കാർഡുകൾ
കാർഡ് 1
ചോദ്യം
adoption
ഉത്തരം
Meaning: The decision or process of starting to use an idea, method, or system.
Collocation: widespread adoption
Example: Widespread adoption of the new method took several years.
കാർഡ് 2
ചോദ്യം
argument
ഉത്തരം
Meaning: A set of reasons used to support a conclusion or position.
Collocation: central argument
Example: The article's central argument rests on evidence from two long-term studies.
കാർഡ് 3
ചോദ്യം
analysis
ഉത്തരം
Meaning: A careful examination of something to understand its parts or meaning.
Collocation: data analysis
Example: The data analysis revealed a clear seasonal pattern.
കാർഡ് 4
ചോദ്യം
association
ഉത്തരം
Meaning: A connection between two people, events, qualities, or variables.
Collocation: strong association
Example: The survey found a strong association between sleep and concentration.
കാർഡ് 5
ചോദ്യം
cause
ഉത്തരം
Meaning: Something that makes an event or condition happen.
Collocation: underlying cause
Example: The study examined the underlying cause of the population decline.
കാർഡ് 6
ചോദ്യം
advantage
ഉത്തരം
Meaning: A condition or feature that makes success more likely.
Collocation: significant advantage
Example: Early access to the archive gave the researchers a significant advantage.
കാർഡ് 7
ചോദ്യം
attitude
ഉത്തരം
Meaning: A settled way of thinking or feeling about something.
Collocation: public attitude
Example: Public attitudes toward urban transport changed after the pilot program.
കാർഡ് 8
ചോദ്യം
application
ഉത്തരം
Meaning: A practical use of an idea, method, or discovery.
Collocation: practical application
Example: The material has a practical application in water filtration.
കാർഡ് 9
ചോദ്യം
category
ഉത്തരം
Meaning: A group of things that share defined features.
Collocation: broad category
Example: The researchers placed both materials in the same broad category.
കാർഡ് 10
ചോദ്യം
assertion
ഉത്തരം
Meaning: A confident statement presented as true.
Collocation: unsupported assertion
Example: Without survey data, the claim remained an unsupported assertion.
കാർഡ് 11
ചോദ്യം
alternative
ഉത്തരം
Meaning: Another option that can be chosen instead of the usual one.
Collocation: viable alternative
Example: Solar heating offered a viable alternative to imported fuel.
കാർഡ് 12
ചോദ്യം
change
ഉത്തരം
Meaning: A shift from one state, condition, or form to another.
Collocation: gradual change
Example: The sediment layers record gradual change in the region's climate.
കാർഡ് 13
ചോദ്യം
assessment
ഉത്തരം
Meaning: A reasoned judgment about the quality, value, or condition of something.
Collocation: risk assessment
Example: The team completed a risk assessment before entering the cave.
കാർഡ് 14
ചോദ്യം
combination
ഉത്തരം
Meaning: Two or more things joined or used together.
Collocation: combination of factors
Example: A combination of factors shaped the city's growth.
കാർഡ് 15
ചോദ്യം
assumption
ഉത്തരം
Meaning: An idea accepted as true without complete proof.
Collocation: underlying assumption
Example: The model's underlying assumption is that demand remains stable.
കാർഡ് 16
ചോദ്യം
balance
ഉത്തരം
Meaning: A state in which competing factors have suitable proportions.
Collocation: achieve a balance
Example: The policy tries to achieve a balance between access and conservation.
കാർഡ് 17
ചോദ്യം
awareness
ഉത്തരം
Meaning: Knowledge or understanding that a situation or issue exists.
Collocation: raise awareness
Example: The campaign raised awareness of preventable water waste.
കാർഡ് 18
ചോദ്യം
consequence
ഉത്തരം
Meaning: A result that follows from an action or condition.
Collocation: unintended consequence
Example: Higher rents were an unintended consequence of the redevelopment plan.
കാർഡ് 19
ചോദ്യം
concept
ഉത്തരം
Meaning: A general idea used to understand or organize something.
Collocation: abstract concept
Example: The diagram makes the abstract concept easier to understand.
കാർഡ് 20
ചോദ്യം
conclusion
ഉത്തരം
Meaning: A judgment reached after considering evidence or reasoning.
Collocation: draw a conclusion
Example: The sample was too small to draw a firm conclusion.
കാർഡ് 21
ചോദ്യം
benefit
ഉത്തരം
Meaning: A helpful or favorable result.
Collocation: long-term benefit
Example: Better insulation provides a long-term benefit by reducing energy use.
കാർഡ് 22
ചോദ്യം
bias
ഉത്തരം
Meaning: A systematic tendency or error that can distort judgment, sampling, or results.
Collocation: selection bias
Example: Selection bias may occur if only frequent users answer the survey.
കാർഡ് 23
ചോദ്യം
decline
ഉത്തരം
Meaning: A gradual decrease in amount, quality, or importance.
Collocation: sharp decline
Example: The records show a sharp decline in fish populations after 1990.
കാർഡ് 24
ചോദ്യം
classification
ഉത്തരം
Meaning: The process or system of arranging things into groups.
Collocation: classification system
Example: The new classification system groups plants by shared genetic features.
കാർഡ് 25
ചോദ്യം
condition
ഉത്തരം
Meaning: A circumstance that affects how something happens or exists.
Collocation: controlled condition
Example: Each seedling grew under the same controlled conditions.
കാർഡ് 26
ചോദ്യം
contradiction
ഉത്തരം
Meaning: A conflict between statements, ideas, or results that cannot both be true.
Collocation: apparent contradiction
Example: Further testing resolved the apparent contradiction between the two findings.
കാർഡ് 27
ചോദ്യം
challenge
ഉത്തരം
Meaning: A difficult problem or task that requires effort to solve.
Collocation: major challenge
Example: Limited storage remains a major challenge for renewable energy systems.
കാർഡ് 28
ചോദ്യം
development
ഉത്തരം
Meaning: The process of growing, changing, or becoming more advanced.
Collocation: economic development
Example: The railway accelerated economic development across the region.
കാർഡ് 29
ചോദ്യം
data
ഉത്തരം
Meaning: Facts, measurements, or observations collected for analysis.
Collocation: collect data
Example: Researchers collected data from weather stations across the island.
കാർഡ് 30
ചോദ്യം
comparison
ഉത്തരം
Meaning: An examination of how two or more things are alike or different.
Collocation: direct comparison
Example: A direct comparison showed that the two methods produced similar results.
കാർഡ് 31
ചോദ്യം
criterion
ഉത്തരം
Meaning: A standard used to judge or decide something.
Collocation: selection criterion
Example: Research experience was one selection criterion for the program.
കാർഡ് 32
ചോദ്യം
construction
ഉത്തരം
Meaning: The process of building something or forming an idea.
Collocation: social construction
Example: The lecture examined identity as a social construction.
കാർഡ് 33
ചോദ്യം
effect
ഉത്തരം
Meaning: A change produced by a cause.
Collocation: measurable effect
Example: The treatment had a measurable effect on plant growth.
കാർഡ് 34
ചോദ്യം
choice
ഉത്തരം
Meaning: An act or possibility of selecting among options.
Collocation: informed choice
Example: Clear labels help consumers make an informed choice.
കാർഡ് 35
ചോദ്യം
definition
ഉത്തരം
Meaning: A statement that explains the exact meaning of a word or concept.
Collocation: precise definition
Example: The report begins with a precise definition of food security.
കാർഡ് 36
ചോദ്യം
complexity
ഉത്തരം
Meaning: The state of having many connected parts or difficult features.
Collocation: growing complexity
Example: The model captures the growing complexity of urban transport networks.
കാർഡ് 37
ചോദ്യം
criticism
ഉത്തരം
Meaning: A judgment that identifies faults or weaknesses.
Collocation: face criticism
Example: The proposal faced criticism for excluding rural communities.
കാർഡ് 38
ചോദ്യം
constraint
ഉത്തരം
Meaning: A limit that restricts what can be done.
Collocation: financial constraint
Example: Financial constraints reduced the size of the field study.
കാർഡ് 39
ചോദ്യം
evolution
ഉത്തരം
Meaning: Gradual development or change over time, especially across generations.
Collocation: cultural evolution
Example: Written records offer clues about the cultural evolution of the region.
കാർഡ് 40
ചോദ്യം
evidence
ഉത്തരം
Meaning: Information that supports or challenges a claim.
Collocation: strong evidence
Example: Ice cores provide strong evidence of past temperature changes.
കാർഡ് 41
ചോദ്യം
compromise
ഉത്തരം
Meaning: An agreement in which each side accepts less than it originally wanted.
Collocation: reach a compromise
Example: The two agencies reached a compromise on water use.
കാർഡ് 42
ചോദ്യം
circumstance
ഉത്തരം
Meaning: A fact or condition that shapes a situation.
Collocation: unusual circumstance
Example: Under normal circumstances, the reaction takes less than a minute.
കാർഡ് 43
ചോദ്യം
debate
ഉത്തരം
Meaning: A serious discussion in which different views on an issue are considered.
Collocation: ongoing debate
Example: The discovery renewed the ongoing debate about early migration routes.
കാർഡ് 44
ചോദ്യം
expansion
ഉത്തരം
Meaning: An increase in size, range, or activity.
Collocation: rapid expansion
Example: Rapid expansion of the city replaced much of the surrounding farmland.
കാർഡ് 45
ചോദ്യം
evaluation
ഉത്തരം
Meaning: A systematic judgment of quality, effectiveness, or value.
Collocation: program evaluation
Example: The program evaluation included interviews with teachers and students.
കാർഡ് 46
ചോദ്യം
contrast
ഉത്തരം
Meaning: A clear difference between two or more things.
Collocation: sharp contrast
Example: The dry interior stands in sharp contrast to the wet coast.
കാർഡ് 47
ചോദ്യം
commitment
ഉത്തരം
Meaning: A firm promise or continuing dedication to an aim.
Collocation: long-term commitment
Example: Restoring the forest requires a long-term commitment from local agencies.
കാർഡ് 48
ചോദ്യം
content
ഉത്തരം
Meaning: The information, ideas, or material contained in something.
Collocation: course content
Example: The instructor revised the course content to include recent research.
കാർഡ് 49
ചോദ്യം
factor
ഉത്തരം
Meaning: One element that helps produce a result.
Collocation: contributing factor
Example: Access to clean water was a contributing factor in the health improvement.
കാർഡ് 50
ചോദ്യം
experiment
ഉത്തരം
Meaning: A controlled test designed to investigate a question.
Collocation: laboratory experiment
Example: The laboratory experiment tested how temperature affects the reaction.
കാർഡ് 51
ചോദ്യം
correlation
ഉത്തരം
Meaning: A relationship in which two variables change together.
Collocation: positive correlation
Example: The data show a positive correlation between practice time and accuracy.
കാർഡ് 52
ചോദ്യം
explanation
ഉത്തരം
Meaning: A statement that makes a fact, process, or reason clear.
Collocation: plausible explanation
Example: Changes in rainfall offer a plausible explanation for the migration.
കാർഡ് 53
ചോദ്യം
control
ഉത്തരം
Meaning: The power or method used to direct, limit, or keep something stable.
Collocation: quality control
Example: Strict quality control reduced errors in the manufacturing process.
കാർഡ് 54
ചോദ്യം
communication
ഉത്തരം
Meaning: The exchange of information, ideas, or feelings.
Collocation: effective communication
Example: Effective communication helped the research teams coordinate their work.
കാർഡ് 55
ചോദ്യം
finding
ഉത്തരം
Meaning: A result discovered through research or investigation.
Collocation: key finding
Example: A key finding was that small wetlands support many species.
കാർഡ് 56
ചോദ്യം
growth
ഉത്തരം
Meaning: An increase in size, amount, or development.
Collocation: population growth
Example: Population growth increased demand for public transport.
കാർഡ് 57
ചോദ്യം
implication
ഉത്തരം
Meaning: A likely consequence or meaning that is suggested rather than stated.
Collocation: practical implication
Example: The finding has a practical implication for classroom design.
കാർഡ് 58
ചോദ്യം
dimension
ഉത്തരം
Meaning: One aspect or feature of a situation or system.
Collocation: social dimension
Example: The report adds a social dimension to the economic analysis.
കാർഡ് 59
ചോദ്യം
difference
ഉത്തരം
Meaning: A way in which two or more things are not the same.
Collocation: significant difference
Example: The trial found no significant difference between the two treatments.
കാർഡ് 60
ചോദ്യം
community
ഉത്തരം
Meaning: A group of people connected by place, identity, or shared interests.
Collocation: local community
Example: The local community helped design the coastal protection plan.
കാർഡ് 61
ചോദ്യം
hypothesis
ഉത്തരം
Meaning: A testable proposed explanation for an observation.
Collocation: test a hypothesis
Example: The researchers designed an experiment to test their hypothesis.
കാർഡ് 62
ചോദ്യം
insight
ഉത്തരം
Meaning: A clear and useful understanding of a complex issue.
Collocation: valuable insight
Example: The interviews provided valuable insight into students' study habits.
കാർഡ് 63
ചോദ്യം
element
ഉത്തരം
Meaning: A basic part of a larger whole.
Collocation: essential element
Example: Trust is an essential element of successful cooperation.
കാർഡ് 64
ചോദ്യം
difficulty
ഉത്തരം
Meaning: A problem or condition that makes something hard to do or understand.
Collocation: practical difficulty
Example: Recruiting enough participants created a practical difficulty for the study.
കാർഡ് 65
ചോദ്യം
conflict
ഉത്തരം
Meaning: A serious disagreement or clash between interests, ideas, or groups.
Collocation: conflict of interest
Example: Reviewers must disclose any conflict of interest.
കാർഡ് 66
ചോദ്യം
impact
ഉത്തരം
Meaning: A strong effect on a situation, system, or person.
Collocation: environmental impact
Example: The assessment considered the dam's environmental impact.
കാർഡ് 67
ചോദ്യം
investigation
ഉത്തരം
Meaning: A systematic search for facts or causes.
Collocation: detailed investigation
Example: A detailed investigation traced the contamination to a damaged pipe.
കാർഡ് 68
ചോദ്യം
interpretation
ഉത്തരം
Meaning: An explanation of the meaning or importance of something.
Collocation: alternative interpretation
Example: The historian offered an alternative interpretation of the treaty.
കാർഡ് 69
ചോദ്യം
disadvantage
ഉത്തരം
Meaning: A condition or feature that makes success less likely.
Collocation: major disadvantage
Example: High maintenance costs are a major disadvantage of the older system.
കാർഡ് 70
ചോദ്യം
formation
ഉത്തരം
Meaning: The process by which something develops or takes shape.
Collocation: cloud formation
Example: Air temperature influences cloud formation above the mountains.
കാർഡ് 71
ചോദ്യം
improvement
ഉത്തരം
Meaning: A change that makes something better.
Collocation: marked improvement
Example: The second trial showed a marked improvement in accuracy.
കാർഡ് 72
ചോദ്യം
consensus
ഉത്തരം
Meaning: General agreement among members of a group.
Collocation: broad consensus
Example: Scientists reached a broad consensus after reviewing the new evidence.
കാർഡ് 73
ചോദ്യം
literature
ഉത്തരം
Meaning: Published research and writing about a subject.
Collocation: existing literature
Example: The review compares the new results with the existing literature.
കാർഡ് 74
ചോദ്യം
logic
ഉത്തരം
Meaning: A system of reasoning that connects ideas and conclusions.
Collocation: underlying logic
Example: The lecturer explained the underlying logic of the classification scheme.
കാർഡ് 75
ചോദ്യം
form
ഉത്തരം
Meaning: The structure, type, or visible shape that something takes.
Collocation: common form
Example: Oral history is a common form of evidence in community research.
കാർഡ് 76
ചോദ്യം
distinction
ഉത്തരം
Meaning: A meaningful difference between similar things or ideas.
Collocation: clear distinction
Example: The article makes a clear distinction between weather and climate.
കാർഡ് 77
ചോദ്യം
increase
ഉത്തരം
Meaning: A rise in amount, size, number, or intensity.
Collocation: substantial increase
Example: The region recorded a substantial increase in winter rainfall.
കാർഡ് 78
ചോദ്യം
convention
ഉത്തരം
Meaning: A widely accepted way of behaving, writing, or doing something.
Collocation: academic convention
Example: Citing sources is a basic academic convention.
കാർഡ് 79
ചോദ്യം
method
ഉത്തരം
Meaning: An organized way of doing or studying something.
Collocation: research method
Example: Interviews were the main research method used in the project.
കാർഡ് 80
ചോദ്യം
function
ഉത്തരം
Meaning: The purpose or activity for which something exists.
Collocation: primary function
Example: The wetland's primary function is to store and filter water.
കാർഡ് 81
ചോദ്യം
notion
ഉത്തരം
Meaning: An idea or belief about something.
Collocation: traditional notion
Example: The discovery challenged the traditional notion that the region was isolated.
കാർഡ് 82
ചോദ്യം
influence
ഉത്തരം
Meaning: The power to affect a person, process, or outcome.
Collocation: strong influence
Example: Ocean currents have a strong influence on the island's climate.
കാർഡ് 83
ചോദ്യം
culture
ഉത്തരം
Meaning: The shared beliefs, practices, arts, and ways of life of a group.
Collocation: academic culture
Example: The university's academic culture encouraged open debate.
കാർഡ് 84
ചോദ്യം
diversity
ഉത്തരം
Meaning: The presence of many different types within a group or system.
Collocation: biological diversity
Example: Habitat loss threatens the island's biological diversity.
കാർഡ് 85
ചോദ്യം
model
ഉത്തരം
Meaning: A simplified representation used to explain or predict a system.
Collocation: climate model
Example: The climate model predicts drier summers in the southern region.
കാർഡ് 86
ചോദ്യം
integration
ഉത്തരം
Meaning: The process of combining parts into a connected whole.
Collocation: social integration
Example: Shared public spaces can support social integration in new neighborhoods.
കാർഡ് 87
ചോദ്യം
progress
ഉത്തരം
Meaning: Movement toward a goal or a more developed state.
Collocation: make progress
Example: The restoration team made steady progress despite heavy rain.
കാർഡ് 88
ചോദ്യം
perspective
ഉത്തരം
Meaning: A particular way of understanding or viewing an issue.
Collocation: historical perspective
Example: A historical perspective helps explain the current border dispute.
കാർഡ് 89
ചോദ്യം
decision
ഉത്തരം
Meaning: A choice made after considering available options.
Collocation: policy decision
Example: The policy decision followed months of public consultation.
കാർഡ് 90
ചോദ്യം
effectiveness
ഉത്തരം
Meaning: The degree to which something achieves its intended result.
Collocation: evaluate effectiveness
Example: The trial evaluated the effectiveness of the new teaching method.
കാർഡ് 91
ചോദ്യം
observation
ഉത്തരം
Meaning: The act of carefully watching or measuring something to gather information.
Collocation: direct observation
Example: Direct observation confirmed that the birds feed at dawn.
കാർഡ് 92
ചോദ്യം
interaction
ഉത്തരം
Meaning: A process in which two or more things affect one another.
Collocation: complex interaction
Example: Soil quality depends on a complex interaction of water, minerals, and organisms.
കാർഡ് 93
ചോദ്യം
proposition
ഉത്തരം
Meaning: A statement or idea offered for consideration or testing.
Collocation: central proposition
Example: The essay tests the central proposition against three historical cases.
കാർഡ് 94
ചോദ്യം
discrimination
ഉത്തരം
Meaning: Unfair treatment based on a person's group or perceived characteristics.
Collocation: employment discrimination
Example: The study examined how employment discrimination affects income.
കാർഡ് 95
ചോദ്യം
exception
ഉത്തരം
Meaning: A case that does not follow a general rule or pattern.
Collocation: notable exception
Example: Most species migrated south, with one notable exception.
കാർഡ് 96
ചോദ്യം
reduction
ഉത്തരം
Meaning: A decrease in size, amount, or degree.
Collocation: significant reduction
Example: The insulation produced a significant reduction in energy use.
കാർഡ് 97
ചോദ്യം
participant
ഉത്തരം
Meaning: A person who takes part in an activity or study.
Collocation: study participant
Example: Each study participant completed the same questionnaire.
കാർഡ് 98
ചോദ്യം
reason
ഉത്തരം
Meaning: A cause, explanation, or basis for an action or belief.
Collocation: main reason
Example: Lower cost was the main reason for choosing the second material.
കാർഡ് 99
ചോദ്യം
environment
ഉത്തരം
Meaning: The natural or social surroundings in which something exists.
Collocation: learning environment
Example: Flexible seating changed the classroom's learning environment.
കാർഡ് 100
ചോദ്യം
link
ഉത്തരം
Meaning: A connection between people, ideas, events, or parts of a system.
Collocation: establish a link
Example: The study established a link between soil moisture and seed survival.
കാർഡ് 101
ചോദ്യം
rise
ഉത്തരം
Meaning: An increase in amount, level, or importance.
Collocation: steady rise
Example: The records show a steady rise in average sea temperature.
കാർഡ് 102
ചോദ്യം
limit
ഉത്തരം
Meaning: The greatest amount, extent, or level that is allowed or possible.
Collocation: upper limit
Example: The instrument has an upper limit beyond which readings are unreliable.
കാർഡ് 103
ചോദ്യം
reasoning
ഉത്തരം
Meaning: The process of using facts and logic to reach a judgment.
Collocation: logical reasoning
Example: The solution requires logical reasoning rather than memorization.
കാർഡ് 104
ചോദ്യം
procedure
ഉത്തരം
Meaning: An established series of steps for doing something.
Collocation: standard procedure
Example: Each laboratory followed the same standard procedure.
കാർഡ് 105
ചോദ്യം
maintenance
ഉത്തരം
Meaning: Work that keeps a system, condition, or structure functioning.
Collocation: routine maintenance
Example: Routine maintenance extended the bridge's useful life.
കാർഡ് 106
ചോദ്യം
establishment
ഉത്തരം
Meaning: The act of creating an organization, system, or lasting condition.
Collocation: establishment of a network
Example: The establishment of a monitoring network improved storm warnings.
കാർഡ് 107
ചോദ്യം
shift
ഉത്തരം
Meaning: A change in position, direction, emphasis, or opinion.
Collocation: major shift
Example: The findings prompted a major shift in conservation policy.
കാർഡ് 108
ചോദ്യം
limitation
ഉത്തരം
Meaning: A restriction or weakness that affects what is possible or reliable.
Collocation: major limitation
Example: The study's major limitation was its short observation period.
കാർഡ് 109
ചോദ്യം
research
ഉത്തരം
Meaning: Systematic study intended to establish facts or develop understanding.
Collocation: conduct research
Example: The team conducted research on low-cost water filters.
കാർഡ് 110
ചോദ്യം
medium
ഉത്തരം
Meaning: A channel or material through which information or an effect is carried.
Collocation: communication medium
Example: Radio remained an important communication medium in remote areas.
കാർഡ് 111
ചോദ്യം
relevance
ഉത്തരം
Meaning: The degree to which something relates to the matter being considered.
Collocation: practical relevance
Example: The lecturer explained the theory's practical relevance to urban planning.
കാർഡ് 112
ചോദ്യം
identity
ഉത്തരം
Meaning: The qualities, beliefs, or affiliations that define a person or group.
Collocation: cultural identity
Example: Language played a central role in the community's cultural identity.
കാർഡ് 113
ചോദ്യം
likelihood
ഉത്തരം
Meaning: The degree to which something is likely to happen.
Collocation: reduce the likelihood
Example: Early detection can reduce the likelihood of a larger outbreak.
കാർഡ് 114
ചോദ്യം
transition
ഉത്തരം
Meaning: The process of changing from one state or system to another.
Collocation: gradual transition
Example: The region made a gradual transition from coal to renewable energy.
കാർഡ് 115
ചോദ്യം
sample
ഉത്തരം
Meaning: A smaller group or amount selected to represent a larger whole.
Collocation: representative sample
Example: The survey used a representative sample of households from each district.
കാർഡ് 116
ചോദ്യം
theory
ഉത്തരം
Meaning: A well-supported explanation that connects facts or observations.
Collocation: scientific theory
Example: New observations strengthened the scientific theory rather than replacing it.
കാർഡ് 117
ചോദ്യം
institution
ഉത്തരം
Meaning: An established organization or social system with a public role.
Collocation: educational institution
Example: Each educational institution set its own admission policy.
കാർഡ് 118
ചോദ്യം
mode
ഉത്തരം
Meaning: A particular way in which something happens or operates.
Collocation: mode of transport
Example: Cycling became the preferred mode of transport for short trips.
കാർഡ് 119
ചോദ്യം
possibility
ഉത്തരം
Meaning: A chance that something may exist or happen.
Collocation: explore the possibility
Example: The team explored the possibility of reusing wastewater.
കാർഡ് 120
ചോദ്യം
trend
ഉത്തരം
Meaning: A general direction in which a situation is changing.
Collocation: long-term trend
Example: A single cold year did not reverse the long-term warming trend.
കാർഡ് 121
ചോദ്യം
viewpoint
ഉത്തരം
Meaning: A particular opinion or position from which an issue is considered.
Collocation: opposing viewpoint
Example: The seminar required students to address an opposing viewpoint fairly.
കാർഡ് 122
ചോദ്യം
intervention
ഉത്തരം
Meaning: An action taken to change a situation or prevent a problem.
Collocation: early intervention
Example: Early intervention helped prevent minor reading difficulties from growing.
കാർഡ് 123
ചോദ്യം
network
ഉത്തരം
Meaning: A connected system of people, places, or components.
Collocation: transport network
Example: The new rail line connected two previously isolated towns to the regional transport network.
കാർഡ് 124
ചോദ്യം
scale
ഉത്തരം
Meaning: The size, extent, or level at which something occurs or is measured.
Collocation: large scale
Example: Producing the material on a large scale requires less energy than expected.
കാർഡ് 125
ചോദ്യം
variation
ഉത്തരം
Meaning: A difference or change within a group, range, or pattern.
Collocation: regional variation
Example: The map shows regional variation in annual rainfall.
കാർഡ് 126
ചോദ്യം
potential
ഉത്തരം
Meaning: The capacity to develop, happen, or become useful in the future.
Collocation: considerable potential
Example: The coastal winds have considerable potential for electricity generation.
കാർഡ് 127
ചോദ്യം
claim
ഉത്തരം
Meaning: A statement that something is true, often requiring evidence.
Collocation: support a claim
Example: The author used census records to support the claim.
കാർഡ് 128
ചോദ്യം
majority
ഉത്തരം
Meaning: More than half of a group or amount.
Collocation: clear majority
Example: A clear majority of respondents preferred the quieter route.
കാർഡ് 129
ചോദ്യം
operation
ഉത്തരം
Meaning: The process of working or the way a system functions.
Collocation: normal operation
Example: The backup battery keeps the sensor in normal operation during outages.
കാർഡ് 130
ചോദ്യം
statistics
ഉത്തരം
Meaning: Numerical facts collected and analyzed to describe a group or situation.
Collocation: official statistics
Example: Official statistics show a decline in household energy use.
കാർഡ് 131
ചോദ്യം
affect
ഉത്തരം
Meaning: To produce a change in someone or something.
Collocation: significantly affect
Example: Soil acidity can significantly affect nutrient availability.
കാർഡ് 132
ചോദ്യം
proportion
ഉത്തരം
Meaning: A part or share of a whole, often expressed as a fraction or percentage.
Collocation: large proportion
Example: A large proportion of the city's water comes from underground sources.
കാർഡ് 133
ചോദ്യം
minority
ഉത്തരം
Meaning: A group or amount that forms less than half of a larger whole.
Collocation: small minority
Example: Only a small minority of participants left the study early.
കാർഡ് 134
ചോദ്യം
outcome
ഉത്തരം
Meaning: The final result of a process, event, or action.
Collocation: learning outcome
Example: Regular feedback improved the course's main learning outcome.
കാർഡ് 135
ചോദ്യം
clarify
ഉത്തരം
Meaning: To make an idea, statement, or situation easier to understand.
Collocation: clarify the distinction
Example: The final section clarifies the distinction between correlation and cause.
കാർഡ് 136
ചോദ്യം
alter
ഉത്തരം
Meaning: To change something, usually without replacing it completely.
Collocation: substantially alter
Example: A new dam could substantially alter the river's seasonal flow.
കാർഡ് 137
ചോദ്യം
survey
ഉത്തരം
Meaning: A study that systematically collects information, often from a sample of people.
Collocation: national survey
Example: A national survey measured changes in commuting habits.
കാർഡ് 138
ചോദ്യം
quality
ഉത്തരം
Meaning: The degree of excellence or a distinguishing feature of something.
Collocation: data quality
Example: Missing observations reduced the overall quality of the data.
കാർഡ് 139
ചോദ്യം
motivation
ഉത്തരം
Meaning: The reason or desire that drives someone to act.
Collocation: strong motivation
Example: Curiosity was her strongest motivation for joining the research team.
കാർഡ് 140
ചോദ്യം
output
ഉത്തരം
Meaning: The amount or product generated by a person, machine, or system.
Collocation: energy output
Example: Cloud cover reduced the panels' energy output.
കാർഡ് 141
ചോദ്യം
cite
ഉത്തരം
Meaning: To name a source or example as evidence or authority.
Collocation: cite a source
Example: The report cites a recent study of coastal erosion.
കാർഡ് 142
ചോദ്യം
technique
ഉത്തരം
Meaning: A specific skill or way of carrying out a task.
Collocation: sampling technique
Example: The team used a new sampling technique to collect deep-water organisms.
കാർഡ് 143
ചോദ്യം
range
ഉത്തരം
Meaning: The full set or span of possible values, types, or choices.
Collocation: wide range
Example: The library holds a wide range of regional newspapers.
കാർഡ് 144
ചോദ്യം
arise
ഉത്തരം
Meaning: To begin to exist or become noticeable.
Collocation: problems arise
Example: Problems may arise when the two databases use different definitions.
കാർഡ് 145
ചോദ്യം
norm
ഉത്തരം
Meaning: A standard or expected pattern of behavior within a group.
Collocation: social norm
Example: Remote work changed the social norm of daily office attendance.
കാർഡ് 146
ചോദ്യം
pattern
ഉത്തരം
Meaning: A repeated or regular arrangement, behavior, or trend.
Collocation: consistent pattern
Example: The interviews revealed a consistent pattern of delayed enrollment.
കാർഡ് 147
ചോദ്യം
conclude
ഉത്തരം
Meaning: To reach a judgment after considering evidence.
Collocation: conclude that
Example: The researchers concluded that both habitats supported similar populations.
കാർഡ് 148
ചോദ്യം
validity
ഉത്തരം
Meaning: The degree to which a method measures what it should or an inference is well supported.
Collocation: assess validity
Example: A second experiment helped assess the validity of the original result.
കാർഡ് 149
ചോദ്യം
rate
ഉത്തരം
Meaning: A measure of how often or how quickly something happens.
Collocation: growth rate
Example: The seedlings had a slower growth rate in colder soil.
കാർഡ് 150
ചോദ്യം
develop
ഉത്തരം
Meaning: To grow, change, or make something more advanced over time.
Collocation: develop a method
Example: Engineers developed a method for recycling the damaged material.
300 കാർഡുകൾ
Academic Vocabulary Flashcards: 300 Words in Context
ഈ ഡെക്ക് സൗജന്യമായി പഠിക്കുകപഠനം തുടങ്ങാൻ Nibomo തുറക്കും.
കാർഡ് 151
ചോദ്യം
process
ഉത്തരം
Meaning: A connected series of actions or changes that produces a result.
Collocation: decision-making process
Example: Residents took part in every stage of the decision-making process.
കാർഡ് 152
ചോദ്യം
demonstrate
ഉത്തരം
Meaning: To show clearly through evidence, reasoning, or an example.
Collocation: demonstrate a relationship
Example: The results demonstrate a relationship between shade and soil moisture.
കാർഡ് 153
ചോദ്യം
opportunity
ഉത്തരം
Meaning: A favorable situation that makes an action or achievement possible.
Collocation: equal opportunity
Example: The scholarship gave rural students an equal opportunity to attend the course.
കാർഡ് 154
ചോദ്യം
significance
ഉത്തരം
Meaning: The importance or practical meaning of something.
Collocation: practical significance
Example: The small difference had little practical significance for patients.
കാർഡ് 155
ചോദ്യം
analyze
ഉത്തരം
Meaning: To examine something carefully by separating it into parts.
Collocation: analyze data
Example: The researchers analyzed the data before drawing a conclusion.
കാർഡ് 156
ചോദ്യം
diminish
ഉത്തരം
Meaning: To become or make something smaller, weaker, or less important.
Collocation: gradually diminish
Example: The sound gradually diminished as the storm moved inland.
കാർഡ് 157
ചോദ്യം
describe
ഉത്തരം
Meaning: To state the features, appearance, or course of something in words.
Collocation: describe a process
Example: The report describes the process used to restore the wetland.
കാർഡ് 158
ചോദ്യം
policy
ഉത്തരം
Meaning: An agreed plan or principle used to guide decisions.
Collocation: public policy
Example: The findings influenced public policy on building insulation.
കാർഡ് 159
ചോദ്യം
similarity
ഉത്തരം
Meaning: A feature or degree of being alike.
Collocation: striking similarity
Example: The two languages share a striking similarity in sentence structure.
കാർഡ് 160
ചോദ്യം
assess
ഉത്തരം
Meaning: To judge the quality, importance, or condition of something.
Collocation: assess the impact
Example: The team assessed the impact of tourism on nesting birds.
കാർഡ് 161
ചോദ്യം
emerge
ഉത്തരം
Meaning: To become visible, known, or important.
Collocation: new evidence emerges
Example: A different explanation emerged after the fossils were dated.
കാർഡ് 162
ചോദ്യം
production
ഉത്തരം
Meaning: The process of creating goods, energy, or other output.
Collocation: food production
Example: Improved irrigation increased food production during dry years.
കാർഡ് 163
ചോദ്യം
population
ഉത്തരം
Meaning: All people or organisms of a defined group or area.
Collocation: study population
Example: The study population included adults from four coastal towns.
കാർഡ് 164
ചോദ്യം
discuss
ഉത്തരം
Meaning: To examine an issue in speech or writing by considering its details.
Collocation: discuss the findings
Example: The final chapter discusses the findings in relation to earlier research.
കാർഡ് 165
ചോദ്യം
standard
ഉത്തരം
Meaning: An accepted level or rule used to judge quality or performance.
Collocation: meet a standard
Example: Every sample had to meet the same purity standard.
കാർഡ് 166
ചോദ്യം
enhance
ഉത്തരം
Meaning: To improve the quality, value, or strength of something.
Collocation: enhance understanding
Example: The interactive map enhanced students' understanding of migration routes.
കാർഡ് 167
ചോദ്യം
classify
ഉത്തരം
Meaning: To arrange things into groups based on shared features.
Collocation: classify species
Example: Biologists classified the species by examining their genetic differences.
കാർഡ് 168
ചോദ്യം
property
ഉത്തരം
Meaning: A characteristic or quality that something possesses.
Collocation: physical property
Example: Flexibility is a useful physical property of the new material.
കാർഡ് 169
ചോദ്യം
practice
ഉത്തരം
Meaning: A customary or repeated way of doing something.
Collocation: common practice
Example: Rotating crops became common practice among local farmers.
കാർഡ് 170
ചോദ്യം
tolerance
ഉത്തരം
Meaning: The ability of an organism, material, or system to endure a condition without failing.
Collocation: heat tolerance
Example: The experiment measured each plant's heat tolerance.
കാർഡ് 171
ചോദ്യം
evolve
ഉത്തരം
Meaning: To develop gradually over time.
Collocation: gradually evolve
Example: The trade network gradually evolved into a formal market system.
കാർഡ് 172
ചോദ്യം
conduct
ഉത്തരം
Meaning: To organize and carry out an activity or study.
Collocation: conduct an experiment
Example: The students conducted an experiment under controlled conditions.
കാർഡ് 173
ചോദ്യം
relationship
ഉത്തരം
Meaning: The way in which two or more things are connected.
Collocation: causal relationship
Example: The data alone cannot establish a causal relationship.
കാർഡ് 174
ചോദ്യം
exemplify
ഉത്തരം
Meaning: To serve as a clear example of an idea or quality.
Collocation: exemplify a trend
Example: The renovated station exemplifies the trend toward mixed-use design.
കാർഡ് 175
ചോദ്യം
protection
ഉത്തരം
Meaning: Action taken to keep someone or something safe from harm.
Collocation: environmental protection
Example: The law strengthened environmental protection around the wetland.
കാർഡ് 176
ചോദ്യം
expand
ഉത്തരം
Meaning: To become or make something larger in size, range, or detail.
Collocation: expand access
Example: The university expanded access to its digital archive.
കാർഡ് 177
ചോദ്യം
value
ഉത്തരം
Meaning: The importance or usefulness of something.
Collocation: practical value
Example: The simple method has practical value in laboratories with limited equipment.
കാർഡ് 178
ചോദ്യം
resource
ഉത്തരം
Meaning: A supply, asset, or source of support that can be used.
Collocation: natural resource
Example: Fresh water is a limited natural resource on the island.
കാർഡ് 179
ചോദ്യം
explain
ഉത്തരം
Meaning: To make an idea, fact, or cause clear by giving details.
Collocation: explain a result
Example: Differences in soil depth may explain the result.
കാർഡ് 180
ചോദ്യം
define
ഉത്തരം
Meaning: To state the exact meaning, limits, or essential character of something.
Collocation: clearly define
Example: The authors clearly define what they mean by sustainable growth.
കാർഡ് 181
ചോദ്യം
provision
ഉത്തരം
Meaning: The act of supplying something that people need.
Collocation: service provision
Example: The reform improved service provision in remote districts.
കാർഡ് 182
ചോദ്യം
variety
ഉത്തരം
Meaning: A collection or range of different types.
Collocation: wide variety
Example: The reef supports a wide variety of marine organisms.
കാർഡ് 183
ചോദ്യം
scope
ഉത്തരം
Meaning: The range of subjects, activities, or possibilities covered.
Collocation: limited scope
Example: The study's limited scope excludes private transportation.
കാർഡ് 184
ചോദ്യം
generate
ഉത്തരം
Meaning: To produce or create something.
Collocation: generate electricity
Example: The turbines generate electricity during periods of strong wind.
കാർഡ് 185
ചോദ്യം
formulate
ഉത്തരം
Meaning: To develop and express an idea, plan, or theory carefully.
Collocation: formulate a hypothesis
Example: The observations helped the students formulate a testable hypothesis.
കാർഡ് 186
ചോദ്യം
design
ഉത്തരം
Meaning: To plan the structure, method, or appearance of something.
Collocation: design a study
Example: The team designed a study that compared three teaching methods.
കാർഡ് 187
ചോദ്യം
requirement
ഉത്തരം
Meaning: Something that is necessary or officially demanded.
Collocation: legal requirement
Example: Public reporting is a legal requirement for the agency.
കാർഡ് 188
ചോദ്യം
compare
ഉത്തരം
Meaning: To examine things to identify similarities and differences.
Collocation: compare results
Example: The researchers compared results from urban and rural schools.
കാർഡ് 189
ചോദ്യം
section
ഉത്തരം
Meaning: A distinct part of a larger whole, text, or organization.
Collocation: final section
Example: The final section considers the study's limitations.
കാർഡ് 190
ചോദ്യം
highlight
ഉത്തരം
Meaning: To draw attention to something important.
Collocation: highlight a difference
Example: The map highlights the difference between summer and winter rainfall.
കാർഡ് 191
ചോദ്യം
determine
ഉത്തരം
Meaning: To discover, establish, or decide something through evidence or calculation.
Collocation: determine the cause
Example: Further testing was needed to determine the cause of the failure.
കാർഡ് 192
ചോദ്യം
improve
ഉത്തരം
Meaning: To make or become better in quality or performance.
Collocation: improve accuracy
Example: Repeated calibration improved the sensor's accuracy.
കാർഡ് 193
ചോദ്യം
resistance
ഉത്തരം
Meaning: Opposition to a change, idea, or policy.
Collocation: resistance to change
Example: Resistance to change slowed the introduction of the new system.
കാർഡ് 194
ചോദ്യം
differ
ഉത്തരം
Meaning: To be unlike or distinct from something else.
Collocation: differ significantly
Example: The two groups did not differ significantly in age.
കാർഡ് 195
ചോദ്യം
separation
ഉത്തരം
Meaning: The state or process of dividing or keeping things apart.
Collocation: physical separation
Example: Physical separation prevented the two chemicals from reacting.
കാർഡ് 196
ചോദ്യം
illustrate
ഉത്തരം
Meaning: To make an idea clear by giving an example, image, or comparison.
Collocation: illustrate a point
Example: The author uses a coastal town to illustrate the broader point.
കാർഡ് 197
ചോദ്യം
induce
ഉത്തരം
Meaning: To cause a particular state, response, or change.
Collocation: induce a response
Example: The light signal induced a measurable response in the cells.
കാർഡ് 198
ചോദ്യം
evaluate
ഉത്തരം
Meaning: To judge quality, effectiveness, or value using evidence or criteria.
Collocation: evaluate performance
Example: The committee evaluated the program's performance after one year.
കാർഡ് 199
ചോദ്യം
resolution
ഉത്തരം
Meaning: A solution or settlement that ends a problem or conflict.
Collocation: peaceful resolution
Example: Mediation led to a peaceful resolution of the land dispute.
കാർഡ് 200
ചോദ്യം
series
ഉത്തരം
Meaning: A number of related events, items, or values arranged in order.
Collocation: series of experiments
Example: A series of experiments tested the material under different pressures.
കാർഡ് 201
ചോദ്യം
differentiate
ഉത്തരം
Meaning: To recognize, show, or create a difference between things.
Collocation: differentiate between
Example: The test can differentiate between the two closely related minerals.
കാർഡ് 202
ചോദ്യം
initiate
ഉത്തരം
Meaning: To cause a process or action to begin.
Collocation: initiate a process
Example: A temperature change initiates the chemical process.
കാർഡ് 203
ചോദ്യം
examine
ഉത്തരം
Meaning: To inspect or consider something carefully.
Collocation: examine evidence
Example: The committee examined evidence from several independent sources.
കാർഡ് 204
ചോദ്യം
imply
ഉത്തരം
Meaning: To suggest something without stating it directly.
Collocation: results imply
Example: The results imply that water reached the valley earlier than expected.
കാർഡ് 205
ചോദ്യം
risk
ഉത്തരം
Meaning: The possibility of harm, loss, or an unwanted result.
Collocation: reduce risk
Example: Restoring vegetation can reduce the risk of soil erosion.
കാർഡ് 206
ചോദ്യം
structure
ഉത്തരം
Meaning: The arrangement of parts within a whole.
Collocation: social structure
Example: Trade changed the social structure of the port city.
കാർഡ് 207
ചോദ്യം
lead
ഉത്തരം
Meaning: To cause or contribute to a particular result.
Collocation: lead to
Example: Prolonged drought can lead to lower crop yields.
കാർഡ് 208
ചോദ്യം
identify
ഉത്തരം
Meaning: To recognize and name a person, thing, feature, or cause.
Collocation: identify a pattern
Example: The software identified a pattern in the satellite images.
കാർഡ് 209
ചോദ്യം
distinguish
ഉത്തരം
Meaning: To recognize or show the difference between things.
Collocation: distinguish between
Example: The analysis distinguishes between temporary variation and a lasting trend.
കാർഡ് 210
ചോദ്യം
interpret
ഉത്തരം
Meaning: To explain or understand the meaning of information or evidence.
Collocation: interpret the results
Example: Researchers interpreted the results cautiously because the sample was small.
കാർഡ് 211
ചോദ്യം
role
ഉത്തരം
Meaning: The function or expected part that someone or something has in a situation.
Collocation: play a role
Example: Local knowledge played a central role in the recovery plan.
കാർഡ് 212
ചോദ്യം
system
ഉത്തരം
Meaning: A set of connected parts that work together.
Collocation: complex system
Example: A coral reef is a complex system of interacting organisms.
കാർഡ് 213
ചോദ്യം
investigate
ഉത്തരം
Meaning: To examine a question or problem systematically to discover facts.
Collocation: investigate a cause
Example: Engineers investigated the cause of the structural failure.
കാർഡ് 214
ചോദ്യം
reduce
ഉത്തരം
Meaning: To make something smaller in amount, size, or degree.
Collocation: reduce emissions
Example: Electric buses can reduce emissions on crowded routes.
കാർഡ് 215
ചോദ്യം
outline
ഉത്തരം
Meaning: To present the main points or structure without every detail.
Collocation: outline an approach
Example: The introduction outlines the approach used in the study.
കാർഡ് 216
ചോദ്യം
exceed
ഉത്തരം
Meaning: To be greater than a number, limit, or expectation.
Collocation: exceed a limit
Example: Pollution levels exceeded the legal limit on three days.
കാർഡ് 217
ചോദ്യം
unit
ഉത്തരം
Meaning: A single part, quantity, or group within a larger system.
Collocation: unit of measurement
Example: The meter is the standard unit of measurement used in the table.
കാർഡ് 218
ചോദ്യം
society
ഉത്തരം
Meaning: A large community connected by shared institutions, relationships, and culture.
Collocation: modern society
Example: Reliable electricity shapes nearly every part of modern society.
കാർഡ് 219
ചോദ്യം
reinforce
ഉത്തരം
Meaning: To make an idea, behavior, or structure stronger.
Collocation: reinforce a pattern
Example: Unequal funding can reinforce an existing pattern of regional inequality.
കാർഡ് 220
ചോദ്യം
obtain
ഉത്തരം
Meaning: To get or acquire something through effort or a process.
Collocation: obtain data
Example: The team obtained data from six monitoring stations.
കാർഡ് 221
ചോദ്യം
propose
ഉത്തരം
Meaning: To put forward an idea, plan, or explanation for consideration.
Collocation: propose a solution
Example: The authors propose a solution based on shared water storage.
കാർഡ് 222
ചോദ്യം
restrict
ഉത്തരം
Meaning: To limit the size, range, movement, or availability of something.
Collocation: restrict access
Example: The archive restricts access to fragile original documents.
കാർഡ് 223
ചോദ്യം
version
ഉത്തരം
Meaning: A particular form of something that differs from other forms of it.
Collocation: revised version
Example: The revised version of the model includes seasonal rainfall.
കാർഡ് 224
ചോദ്യം
stimulate
ഉത്തരം
Meaning: To encourage activity, growth, or a response.
Collocation: stimulate growth
Example: Lower transport costs stimulated growth in regional trade.
കാർഡ് 225
ചോദ്യം
strategy
ഉത്തരം
Meaning: A planned approach for achieving a long-term aim.
Collocation: effective strategy
Example: Water pricing was one part of the city's conservation strategy.
കാർഡ് 226
ചോദ്യം
record
ഉത്തരം
Meaning: To store information in writing, images, measurements, or another lasting form.
Collocation: record observations
Example: Students recorded their observations at five-minute intervals.
കാർഡ് 227
ചോദ്യം
prove
ഉത്തരം
Meaning: To establish that something is true through evidence or logical reasoning.
Collocation: prove a theorem
Example: The student used two earlier results to prove the theorem.
കാർഡ് 228
ചോദ്യം
adequate
ഉത്തരം
Meaning: Sufficient for a particular purpose, though not necessarily excellent.
Collocation: adequate evidence
Example: The report did not provide adequate evidence for such a broad claim.
കാർഡ് 229
ചോദ്യം
strengthen
ഉത്തരം
Meaning: To make something stronger, more effective, or more convincing.
Collocation: strengthen an argument
Example: Additional field data would strengthen the argument.
കാർഡ് 230
ചോദ്യം
tradition
ഉത്തരം
Meaning: A belief or practice passed between generations.
Collocation: local tradition
Example: The festival preserves a local tradition of communal farming.
കാർഡ് 231
ചോദ്യം
volume
ഉത്തരം
Meaning: The amount of something, especially material, flow, or activity.
Collocation: traffic volume
Example: Traffic volume fell after the new rail service opened.
കാർഡ് 232
ചോദ്യം
select
ഉത്തരം
Meaning: To choose something carefully from a group of options.
Collocation: select a sample
Example: Researchers selected a sample from each age group.
കാർഡ് 233
ചോദ്യം
appropriate
ഉത്തരം
Meaning: Suitable for a particular purpose, situation, or audience.
Collocation: appropriate method
Example: Interviews were an appropriate method for exploring personal experience.
കാർഡ് 234
ചോദ്യം
quote
ഉത്തരം
Meaning: To repeat someone's exact words and identify their source.
Collocation: quote directly
Example: The essay quotes directly from the explorer's journal.
കാർഡ് 235
ചോദ്യം
uncertainty
ഉത്തരം
Meaning: A lack of complete knowledge or confidence about what will happen.
Collocation: policy uncertainty
Example: Policy uncertainty delayed investment in new infrastructure.
കാർഡ് 236
ചോദ്യം
sustain
ഉത്തരം
Meaning: To keep a process or condition continuing over time.
Collocation: sustain growth
Example: Limited water supplies cannot sustain rapid population growth.
കാർഡ് 237
ചോദ്യം
combine
ഉത്തരം
Meaning: To join two or more things into one whole or shared action.
Collocation: combine methods
Example: The study combined interviews with direct observation.
കാർഡ് 238
ചോദ്യം
complex
ഉത്തരം
Meaning: Made of many connected parts and therefore difficult to understand or manage.
Collocation: complex issue
Example: Water rights became a complex issue involving law, ecology, and local custom.
കാർഡ് 239
ചോദ്യം
specify
ഉത്തരം
Meaning: To state something precisely and explicitly.
Collocation: specify the conditions
Example: The protocol specifies the conditions required for storage.
കാർഡ് 240
ചോദ്യം
refer
ഉത്തരം
Meaning: To mention, direct attention to, or use a source of information.
Collocation: refer to evidence
Example: The author refers to archaeological evidence from the northern coast.
കാർഡ് 241
ചോദ്യം
transform
ഉത്തരം
Meaning: To change something greatly in form, structure, or character.
Collocation: transform a system
Example: Digital records transformed the hospital's information system.
കാർഡ് 242
ചോദ്യം
adopt
ഉത്തരം
Meaning: To begin using an idea, policy, or method.
Collocation: adopt a policy
Example: Several cities adopted a policy of free weekend transit.
കാർഡ് 243
ചോദ്യം
consistent
ഉത്തരം
Meaning: Remaining in agreement, form, or quality across cases or time.
Collocation: consistent result
Example: The three laboratories reported consistent results.
കാർഡ് 244
ചോദ്യം
study
ഉത്തരം
Meaning: To investigate or learn about a subject carefully.
Collocation: study a phenomenon
Example: The team studied the phenomenon under controlled conditions.
കാർഡ് 245
ചോദ്യം
reflect
ഉത്തരം
Meaning: To show, express, or be a result of something.
Collocation: reflect a change
Example: The revised map reflects changes in the river's course.
കാർഡ് 246
ചോദ്യം
comprise
ഉത്തരം
Meaning: To be made up of all the stated parts.
Collocation: comprise three sections
Example: The final report comprises three sections and an appendix.
കാർഡ് 247
ചോദ്യം
vary
ഉത്തരം
Meaning: To differ or change across cases, places, or time.
Collocation: vary considerably
Example: Rainfall totals vary considerably across the island.
കാർഡ് 248
ചോദ്യം
advocate
ഉത്തരം
Meaning: To publicly support a policy, idea, or course of action.
Collocation: advocate reform
Example: Several researchers advocated reform of the approval process.
കാർഡ് 249
ചോദ്യം
systematic
ഉത്തരം
Meaning: Done according to an organized and consistent method.
Collocation: systematic review
Example: A systematic review compared evidence from forty studies.
കാർഡ് 250
ചോദ്യം
critical
ഉത്തരം
Meaning: Essential to the success or outcome of something.
Collocation: critical factor
Example: Reliable storage is a critical factor in the vaccine program.
കാർഡ് 251
ചോദ്യം
consist
ഉത്തരം
Meaning: To be made of particular parts or elements.
Collocation: consist of
Example: The sample consisted of soil from twelve sites.
കാർഡ് 252
ചോദ്യം
state
ഉത്തരം
Meaning: To express something clearly in speech or writing.
Collocation: clearly state
Example: The introduction clearly states the study's main question.
കാർഡ് 253
ചോദ്യം
allocate
ഉത്തരം
Meaning: To distribute money, time, or resources for a particular purpose.
Collocation: allocate resources
Example: The agency allocated more resources to preventive care.
കാർഡ് 254
ചോദ്യം
yield
ഉത്തരം
Meaning: To produce a result or amount.
Collocation: yield results
Example: The second search yielded more reliable results.
കാർഡ് 255
ചോദ്യം
equivalent
ഉത്തരം
Meaning: Equal in value, meaning, function, or effect.
Collocation: roughly equivalent
Example: The two measures produced roughly equivalent estimates.
കാർഡ് 256
ചോദ്യം
constitute
ഉത്തരം
Meaning: To form or make up a whole or a stated share of it.
Collocation: constitute a majority
Example: Small businesses constitute a majority of employers in the district.
കാർഡ് 257
ചോദ്യം
suggest
ഉത്തരം
Meaning: To offer an idea or indicate a possible conclusion without proving it.
Collocation: evidence suggests
Example: The evidence suggests that the settlement was occupied year-round.
കാർഡ് 258
ചോദ്യം
experimental
ഉത്തരം
Meaning: Used to test a new idea or based on an experiment.
Collocation: experimental method
Example: The team used an experimental method to remove salt from the soil.
കാർഡ് 259
ചോദ്യം
enable
ഉത്തരം
Meaning: To make an action or result possible.
Collocation: enable access
Example: Digital copies enabled access to records from remote towns.
കാർഡ് 260
ചോദ്യം
excessive
ഉത്തരം
Meaning: Greater than is reasonable, necessary, or safe.
Collocation: excessive use
Example: Excessive use of fertilizer damaged nearby streams.
കാർഡ് 261
ചോദ്യം
construct
ഉത്തരം
Meaning: To build or form something by joining parts.
Collocation: construct a model
Example: Students constructed a model of the river basin.
കാർഡ് 262
ചോദ്യം
rapid
ഉത്തരം
Meaning: Happening or changing in a short time.
Collocation: rapid growth
Example: Rapid growth placed pressure on the city's water supply.
കാർഡ് 263
ചോദ്യം
random
ഉത്തരം
Meaning: Chosen or occurring without a predictable pattern or deliberate selection.
Collocation: random sample
Example: The researchers drew a random sample from the full list of households.
കാർഡ് 264
ചോദ്യം
summarize
ഉത്തരം
Meaning: To give the main points in a shorter form.
Collocation: summarize the findings
Example: The final paragraph summarizes the findings without adding new claims.
കാർഡ് 265
ചോദ്യം
govern
ഉത്തരം
Meaning: To control, regulate, or determine how a group or process operates.
Collocation: rules govern
Example: Clear rules govern how the shared laboratory may be used.
കാർഡ് 266
ചോദ്യം
contain
ഉത്തരം
Meaning: To have something inside or include it as a part.
Collocation: contain evidence
Example: The oldest layer contains evidence of repeated flooding.
കാർഡ് 267
ചോദ്യം
relative
ഉത്തരം
Meaning: Considered in comparison with something else rather than alone.
Collocation: relative importance
Example: The study compares the relative importance of rainfall and soil type.
കാർഡ് 268
ചോദ്യം
representative
ഉത്തരം
Meaning: Typical of a larger group and suitable for standing in for it.
Collocation: representative example
Example: The chosen village is a representative example of settlement along the river.
കാർഡ് 269
ചോദ്യം
support
ഉത്തരം
Meaning: To provide evidence, strength, or assistance for something.
Collocation: support a conclusion
Example: The observations support the conclusion that the species is nocturnal.
കാർഡ് 270
ചോദ്യം
progressive
ഉത്തരം
Meaning: Developing gradually through a series of stages.
Collocation: progressive decline
Example: The archive documents a progressive decline in the lake's water level.
കാർഡ് 271
ചോദ്യം
convert
ഉത്തരം
Meaning: To change something from one form, function, or system into another.
Collocation: convert energy
Example: Solar cells convert light energy into electricity.
കാർഡ് 272
ചോദ്യം
impose
ഉത്തരം
Meaning: To officially require a rule, limit, duty, or cost.
Collocation: impose restrictions
Example: The city imposed restrictions on construction near the shoreline.
കാർഡ് 273
ചോദ്യം
significant
ഉത്തരം
Meaning: Large or important enough to matter.
Collocation: significant change
Example: The policy produced a significant change in weekday bus use.
കാർഡ് 274
ചോദ്യം
explicit
ഉത്തരം
Meaning: Stated clearly and directly, with no need for inference.
Collocation: explicit statement
Example: The report makes an explicit statement about its data limitations.
കാർഡ് 275
ചോദ്യം
scientific
ഉത്തരം
Meaning: Related to the systematic study of the natural or social world through evidence.
Collocation: scientific evidence
Example: The regulation was revised in response to new scientific evidence.
കാർഡ് 276
ചോദ്യം
subsequent
ഉത്തരം
Meaning: Happening or existing after the event already mentioned.
Collocation: subsequent study
Example: A subsequent study repeated the test with a larger sample.
കാർഡ് 277
ചോദ്യം
participate
ഉത്തരം
Meaning: To take part in an activity, process, or event.
Collocation: participate in research
Example: More than two hundred residents agreed to participate in the research.
കാർഡ് 278
ചോദ്യം
correspond
ഉത്തരം
Meaning: To match, agree with, or be closely connected to something.
Collocation: correspond closely
Example: The tree-ring record corresponds closely with measured rainfall.
കാർഡ് 279
ചോദ്യം
logical
ഉത്തരം
Meaning: Following a clear and valid pattern of reasoning.
Collocation: logical conclusion
Example: The evidence led to the logical conclusion that the river had changed course.
കാർഡ് 280
ചോദ്യം
theoretical
ഉത്തരം
Meaning: Based on ideas or principles rather than direct observation or practical testing.
Collocation: theoretical model
Example: The observed pattern matched the theoretical model.
കാർഡ് 281
ചോദ്യം
similar
ഉത്തരം
Meaning: Alike in important ways, though not identical.
Collocation: broadly similar
Example: The two regions have broadly similar rainfall patterns.
കാർഡ് 282
ചോദ്യം
successive
ഉത്തരം
Meaning: Following one after another in a sequence.
Collocation: successive generations
Example: Successive generations adapted the building to new uses.
കാർഡ് 283
ചോദ്യം
incorporate
ഉത്തരം
Meaning: To include something as part of a larger whole.
Collocation: incorporate feedback
Example: The revised plan incorporates feedback from local residents.
കാർഡ് 284
ചോദ്യം
rational
ഉത്തരം
Meaning: Based on reason and evidence rather than impulse.
Collocation: rational explanation
Example: The apparent pattern has a rational explanation based on sampling methods.
കാർഡ് 285
ചോദ്യം
accurately
ഉത്തരം
Meaning: In a way that is correct and free from important error.
Collocation: accurately measure
Example: The device can accurately measure very small changes in pressure.
കാർഡ് 286
ചോദ്യം
sufficient
ഉത്തരം
Meaning: As much as is needed for a particular purpose.
Collocation: sufficient evidence
Example: The available evidence was sufficient to reject the first explanation.
കാർഡ് 287
ചോദ്യം
increasingly
ഉത്തരം
Meaning: To a growing degree or with greater frequency over time.
Collocation: increasingly common
Example: Shared research facilities are increasingly common at smaller universities.
കാർഡ് 288
ചോദ്യം
preserve
ഉത്തരം
Meaning: To protect something from loss, damage, or major change.
Collocation: preserve cultural heritage
Example: The archive helped preserve the community's cultural heritage.
കാർഡ് 289
ചോദ്യം
relevant
ഉത്തരം
Meaning: Directly connected to the question or subject being considered.
Collocation: relevant evidence
Example: The review excluded studies that did not provide relevant evidence.
കാർഡ് 290
ചോദ്യം
approximately
ഉത്തരം
Meaning: Close to an amount or value but not exactly equal to it.
Collocation: approximately equal
Example: The two study groups were approximately equal in size.
കാർഡ് 291
ചോദ്യം
integrate
ഉത്തരം
Meaning: To combine parts so they work together as a whole.
Collocation: integrate data
Example: The platform integrates data from satellites and ground sensors.
കാർഡ് 292
ചോദ്യം
suitable
ഉത്തരം
Meaning: Right or acceptable for a particular purpose or situation.
Collocation: suitable method
Example: Satellite imaging was the most suitable method for the remote region.
കാർഡ് 293
ചോദ്യം
regulate
ഉത്തരം
Meaning: To control an activity or process through rules or adjustments.
Collocation: regulate an industry
Example: The agency regulates the industry through regular inspections.
കാർഡ് 294
ചോദ്യം
consequently
ഉത്തരം
Meaning: As a result of what was just stated.
Collocation: consequently reduce
Example: The new filter removes more particles and consequently reduces treatment costs.
കാർഡ് 295
ചോദ്യം
clearly
ഉത്തരം
Meaning: In a way that is easy to understand, see, or recognize.
Collocation: clearly indicate
Example: The results clearly indicate that the second filter removed more particles.
കാർഡ് 296
ചോദ്യം
independently
ഉത്തരം
Meaning: Without relying on another person, source, or result.
Collocation: independently verify
Example: A second laboratory independently verified the result.
കാർഡ് 297
ചോദ്യം
maintain
ഉത്തരം
Meaning: To keep something in a particular condition or continue it over time.
Collocation: maintain water quality
Example: The wetland helps maintain water quality during heavy rain.
കാർഡ് 298
ചോദ്യം
undertake
ഉത്തരം
Meaning: To accept responsibility for and begin a task or project.
Collocation: undertake research
Example: The university undertook research on affordable housing materials.
കാർഡ് 299
ചോദ്യം
valuable
ഉത്തരം
Meaning: Very useful, important, or worth having.
Collocation: valuable information
Example: The interviews provided valuable information about informal trade routes.
കാർഡ് 300
ചോദ്യം
ultimately
ഉത്തരം
Meaning: Finally, after all stages or factors have been considered.
Collocation: ultimately depend on
Example: The project's success ultimately depends on reliable local funding.
300 കാർഡുകൾ
Academic Vocabulary Flashcards: 300 Words in Context
പഠനം തുടങ്ങാൻ Nibomo തുറക്കും.