VSEPR Flashcards: Molecular Geometry & Bond Angles
Practice VSEPR shapes, electron geometry, lone pairs, AXE notation, and ideal bond angles with 78 focused English flashcards.
इस डेक के बारे में
Practice VSEPR molecular geometry with 78 English flashcards for high-school and introductory-college chemistry. You should already be able to read simple formulas and Lewis structures. This is focused shape prediction and recall, not a complete chemistry course.
Cards map electron-domain counts to electron geometry; AXE notation to molecular shape and, where lone pairs change the shape, to electron geometry; and selected molecular formulas to shape. Separate prompts retrieve ideal bond-angle benchmarks. A few reverse prompts recover AXE notation from a shape plus its domain count. Contrast and error-diagnosis questions distinguish electron geometry from molecular geometry, count multiple bonds correctly, and show why a shape name alone may not determine the domain count or an exact angle.
The 13 cases are AX₂; AX₃ and AX₂E; AX₄, AX₃E, and AX₂E₂; AX₅, AX₄E, AX₃E₂, and AX₂E₃; and AX₆, AX₅E, and AX₄E₂. Later cards cover axial and equatorial sites, usual lone-pair placements, and ideal versus actual angles. The sequence starts with domains and notation, develops two-to-four-domain cases, then interleaves five- and six-domain cases before final comparisons. Related prompts are separated; the review scheduler handles longer-term spacing.
Practice is text based. Diagram identification, exhaustive Lewis-structure construction, formal charges, polarity, radicals, transition-metal coordination, seven-domain cases, hybridization, and molecular-orbital theory are excluded to keep the deck focused. Shape-to-molecule lists and every possible reverse mapping are omitted because many answers would be valid. Numerical species-angle tables are omitted: ideal benchmarks do not give exact measured angles for every molecule.
All cards carry the VSEPR tag. Original questions, answers, organization, and metadata were prepared with AI assistance and checked against university chemistry references. The cover is an original AI-generated illustration of a generic tetrahedral model; its colors do not identify elements. No source prose, diagrams, competitor cards, or examination questions were copied. Common chemical facts are not claimed as proprietary. Original material, including the generated cover to the extent applicable rights exist, is dedicated under CC0 1.0. This is independent study material, with no university, course, or examination endorsement.
इस डेक के कार्ड
कार्ड 1
प्रश्न
In VSEPR, what is an electron domain around a central atom?
उत्तर
A region of electron density: one bond to a neighboring atom, regardless of bond order, or one lone pair.
कार्ड 2
प्रश्न
What does the VSEPR model use to predict a central atom’s geometry?
उत्तर
Repulsion between electron domains. The domains favor an arrangement that reduces their mutual repulsion.
कार्ड 3
प्रश्न
In AXₙEₘ notation, what does A represent?
उत्तर
The central atom whose local geometry is being described.
कार्ड 4
प्रश्न
How do electron geometry and molecular geometry differ in VSEPR?
उत्तर
Electron geometry includes all electron domains. Molecular geometry describes the arrangement of atoms around the central atom, leaving lone pairs out of the shape name.
कार्ड 5
प्रश्न
How many VSEPR domains does one triple bond contribute at either bonded atom?
उत्तर
One domain. Three shared electron pairs occupy one bonding direction.
कार्ड 6
प्रश्न
In AXₙEₘ notation, what does n count?
उत्तर
Atoms directly bonded to the central atom. A double or triple bond still contributes one X.
कार्ड 7
प्रश्न
For a molecule with several central atoms, where do you apply VSEPR?
उत्तर
At each central atom separately, using its own bonded neighbors and lone pairs.
कार्ड 8
प्रश्न
In AXₙEₘ notation, what does m count?
उत्तर
Lone pairs on the central atom. E counts pairs, not individual electrons.
कार्ड 9
प्रश्न
For an AXₙEₘ center in the usual closed-shell VSEPR model, how many electron domains are present?
उत्तर
n + m domains: bonded neighbors plus lone pairs.
कार्ड 10
प्रश्न
VSEPR molecular shape of AX₂, with no lone pairs on A?
उत्तर
Linear. The two bonded atoms lie on opposite sides of the central atom.
कार्ड 11
प्रश्न
VSEPR molecular shape of AX₃, with no lone pairs on A?
उत्तर
Trigonal planar. The central atom and three bonded atoms lie in one plane.
कार्ड 12
प्रश्न
In an X–A–X bond angle, at which atom is the angle measured?
उत्तर
At A, the central atom, between the two bonds to X atoms.
कार्ड 13
प्रश्न
Does a lone pair count as one VSEPR domain or two?
उत्तर
One domain. The pair contains two electrons, but it occupies one region around the central atom.
कार्ड 14
प्रश्न
VSEPR molecular shape of AX₄, with no lone pairs on A?
उत्तर
Tetrahedral. The four bonded atoms occupy the corners of a tetrahedron around A.
कार्ड 15
प्रश्न
VSEPR molecular shape of AX₂E?
उत्तर
Bent, also called angular or V-shaped. There are two bonded atoms and one lone pair around A.
कार्ड 16
प्रश्न
What is the ideal X–A–X bond angle in AX₂ with no lone pairs?
उत्तर
180°.
कार्ड 17
प्रश्न
What electron geometry does VSEPR assign to three domains around a central atom?
उत्तर
Trigonal planar.
कार्ड 18
प्रश्न
VSEPR molecular shape of AX₃E?
उत्तर
Trigonal pyramidal. Three bonded atoms and one lone pair occupy four electron domains.
कार्ड 19
प्रश्न
What is the ideal X–A–X bond angle in tetrahedral AX₄?
उत्तर
About 109.5°.
कार्ड 20
प्रश्न
A central atom has two bonded neighbors and two lone pairs. What is its AXE notation?
उत्तर
AX₂E₂.
कार्ड 21
प्रश्न
What is the ideal X–A–X bond angle in trigonal planar AX₃?
उत्तर
120°.
कार्ड 22
प्रश्न
VSEPR molecular shape of AX₂E₂?
उत्तर
Bent, also called angular or V-shaped. Two lone pairs occupy the other two domains.
कार्ड 23
प्रश्न
What is the electron geometry around A in AX₃E?
उत्तर
Tetrahedral: three bonding domains plus one lone-pair domain.
कार्ड 24
प्रश्न
In O=C=O, how many electron domains surround carbon?
उत्तर
Two domains. Each C=O double bond counts once.
कार्ड 25
प्रश्न
What is the electron geometry around A in AX₂E?
उत्तर
Trigonal planar: two bonding domains plus one lone-pair domain.
कार्ड 26
प्रश्न
What molecular shape does VSEPR predict around carbon in CH₄?
उत्तर
Tetrahedral. Carbon has four bonded neighbors and no lone pairs.
कार्ड 27
प्रश्न
A learner counts a double bond as two VSEPR domains. What should they correct?
उत्तर
Count it as one domain. Bond order changes the number of shared electrons, not the number of bonded directions.
कार्ड 28
प्रश्न
What molecular shape does VSEPR predict around nitrogen in NH₃?
उत्तर
Trigonal pyramidal. Nitrogen has three bonded neighbors and one lone pair.
कार्ड 29
प्रश्न
What electron geometry does VSEPR assign to four domains around a central atom?
उत्तर
Tetrahedral.
कार्ड 30
प्रश्न
What molecular shape does VSEPR predict around oxygen in H₂O?
उत्तर
Bent. Oxygen has two bonded neighbors and two lone pairs.
कार्ड 31
प्रश्न
What molecular shape does VSEPR predict around carbon in the carbonate ion, CO₃²⁻?
उत्तर
Trigonal planar. The three C–O bonding directions give three domains, even when a Lewis structure shows one double bond.
कार्ड 32
प्रश्न
In the simple VSEPR model, how does a central lone pair usually affect neighboring bond angles?
उत्तर
It tends to compress nearby bond angles because its electron density occupies more space near the central atom. This is a qualitative tendency, not a fixed number of degrees.
कार्ड 33
प्रश्न
A VSEPR center is trigonal pyramidal with four total domains. What is its AXE notation?
उत्तर
AX₃E: three bonded atoms and one lone pair.
कार्ड 34
प्रश्न
Which two common AXE cases give a bent molecular shape with three or four total domains?
उत्तर
AX₂E with three domains, and AX₂E₂ with four domains. Their electron geometries differ.
कार्ड 35
प्रश्न
What electron geometry does VSEPR assign to five domains around a central atom?
उत्तर
Trigonal bipyramidal.
कार्ड 36
प्रश्न
What electron geometry does VSEPR assign to six domains around a central atom?
उत्तर
Octahedral.
कार्ड 37
प्रश्न
Does an ideal VSEPR angle give the exact measured angle in every molecule of that shape?
उत्तर
No. It is a geometric benchmark; lone pairs and the bonding environment can change actual angles.
कार्ड 38
प्रश्न
How many axial and equatorial positions are in a trigonal bipyramid?
उत्तर
Two axial positions and three equatorial positions.
कार्ड 39
प्रश्न
VSEPR molecular shape of AX₅, with no lone pairs on A?
उत्तर
Trigonal bipyramidal.
कार्ड 40
प्रश्न
VSEPR molecular shape of AX₆, with no lone pairs on A?
उत्तर
Octahedral.
कार्ड 41
प्रश्न
VSEPR molecular shape of AX₄E in the usual lowest-repulsion arrangement?
उत्तर
Seesaw. The lone pair occupies an equatorial position in a trigonal-bipyramidal domain arrangement.
कार्ड 42
प्रश्न
In an ideal trigonal bipyramid, what is the angle between two equatorial bonds?
उत्तर
120°.
कार्ड 43
प्रश्न
VSEPR molecular shape of AX₃E₂ in the usual lowest-repulsion arrangement?
उत्तर
T-shaped. Both lone pairs occupy equatorial positions.
कार्ड 44
प्रश्न
VSEPR molecular shape of AX₅E?
उत्तर
Square pyramidal. One lone pair occupies the sixth position of an octahedral domain arrangement.
कार्ड 45
प्रश्न
In an ideal trigonal bipyramid, what is the angle between an axial bond and an equatorial bond?
उत्तर
90°.
कार्ड 46
प्रश्न
VSEPR molecular shape of AX₂E₃ in the usual lowest-repulsion arrangement?
उत्तर
Linear. Three equatorial lone pairs leave the two bonded atoms in opposite axial positions.
कार्ड 47
प्रश्न
VSEPR molecular shape of AX₄E₂ in the usual lowest-repulsion arrangement?
उत्तर
Square planar. Two opposite lone pairs leave four bonded atoms in a square around A.
कार्ड 48
प्रश्न
In a trigonal-bipyramidal domain arrangement, which sites do lone pairs preferentially occupy?
उत्तर
Equatorial sites, in the usual VSEPR arrangements with one to three lone pairs.
कार्ड 49
प्रश्न
Which X–A–X angles occur in an ideal octahedral AX₆ molecule?
उत्तर
90° between adjacent bonds and 180° between opposite bonds.
कार्ड 50
प्रश्न
A VSEPR center has a seesaw shape and five total domains. What is its AXE notation?
उत्तर
AX₄E.
कार्ड 51
प्रश्न
A VSEPR center has a T-shaped molecular geometry and five total domains. What is its AXE notation?
उत्तर
AX₃E₂.
कार्ड 52
प्रश्न
In an ideal trigonal bipyramid, what is the angle between its two axial bonds?
उत्तर
180°. The axial positions lie on opposite sides of the central atom.
कार्ड 53
प्रश्न
A VSEPR center is square pyramidal with six total domains. What is its AXE notation?
उत्तर
AX₅E.
कार्ड 54
प्रश्न
In the usual octahedral AX₄E₂ arrangement, how are the two lone pairs positioned relative to each other?
उत्तर
Opposite each other, 180° apart in the ideal domain arrangement.
कार्ड 55
प्रश्न
What molecular shape does VSEPR predict for an isolated SF₄ molecule?
उत्तर
Seesaw. Sulfur has four bonded fluorine atoms and one lone pair.
कार्ड 56
प्रश्न
What molecular shape does VSEPR predict for an isolated XeF₂ molecule?
उत्तर
Linear. Xenon has two bonded fluorine atoms and three lone pairs.
कार्ड 57
प्रश्न
What is the electron geometry around A in AX₃E₂?
उत्तर
Trigonal bipyramidal: three bonding domains plus two lone-pair domains.
कार्ड 58
प्रश्न
What molecular shape does VSEPR predict for an isolated BrF₅ molecule?
उत्तर
Square pyramidal. Bromine has five bonded fluorine atoms and one lone pair.
कार्ड 59
प्रश्न
What molecular shape does VSEPR predict for an isolated XeF₄ molecule?
उत्तर
Square planar. Xenon has four bonded fluorine atoms and two opposite lone pairs.
कार्ड 60
प्रश्न
What is the electron geometry around A in AX₄E?
उत्तर
Trigonal bipyramidal: four bonding domains plus one lone-pair domain.
कार्ड 61
प्रश्न
What molecular shape does VSEPR predict for an isolated ClF₃ molecule?
उत्तर
T-shaped. Chlorine has three bonded fluorine atoms and two equatorial lone pairs.
कार्ड 62
प्रश्न
What is the electron geometry around A in AX₅E?
उत्तर
Octahedral: five bonding domains plus one lone-pair domain.
कार्ड 63
प्रश्न
What is the electron geometry around A in AX₂E₃?
उत्तर
Trigonal bipyramidal: two bonding domains plus three lone-pair domains.
कार्ड 64
प्रश्न
What molecular shape does VSEPR predict for an isolated SF₆ molecule?
उत्तर
Octahedral. Sulfur has six bonded fluorine atoms and no lone pairs.
कार्ड 65
प्रश्न
Which bond angles occur in an idealized T-shaped AX₃E₂ arrangement?
उत्तर
90° and 180°. These are parent-geometry benchmarks; a real molecule can be distorted.
कार्ड 66
प्रश्न
What is the electron geometry around A in AX₄E₂?
उत्तर
Octahedral: four bonding domains plus two lone-pair domains.
कार्ड 67
प्रश्न
Why does an octahedral VSEPR arrangement have six domains despite the name’s reference to eight?
उत्तर
The six domains point toward the six vertices of an octahedron. Eight refers to the solid’s faces.
कार्ड 68
प्रश्न
Why does a lone pair in AX₄E favor an equatorial site over an axial site?
उत्तर
An equatorial site has two 90° interactions with other domains; an axial site has three. The equatorial choice reduces these close repulsions.
कार्ड 69
प्रश्न
Which common AXE cases give a linear molecular shape with two or five total domains?
उत्तर
AX₂ with two domains, and AX₂E₃ with five domains. A linear shape alone does not determine the electron geometry.
कार्ड 70
प्रश्न
Which bond angles occur in an idealized square-pyramidal AX₅E arrangement?
उत्तर
90° and 180°. Actual angles can deviate from these octahedral parent benchmarks.
कार्ड 71
प्रश्न
A VSEPR center is square planar with six total domains. What is its AXE notation?
उत्तर
AX₄E₂.
कार्ड 72
प्रश्न
A learner assigns every bent molecule the same bond angle. What information are they missing?
उत्तर
The electron-domain arrangement and the particular molecule. Bent includes AX₂E and AX₂E₂, and actual angles depend on the species.
कार्ड 73
प्रश्न
A learner calls NH₃ tetrahedral because nitrogen has four domains. What shape distinction resolves the error?
उत्तर
Tetrahedral is its electron geometry. Its molecular geometry is trigonal pyramidal because only the three bonded atoms define that shape.
कार्ड 74
प्रश्न
Why can four bonded atoms give tetrahedral AX₄ but square planar AX₄E₂?
उत्तर
AX₄ has four total domains. AX₄E₂ has six total domains, with two opposite lone pairs in an octahedral arrangement.
कार्ड 75
प्रश्न
Which ideal parent angles are the benchmarks for an AX₄E seesaw arrangement?
उत्तर
90°, 120°, and 180° from trigonal-bipyramidal electron geometry. Lone-pair repulsion can distort the actual bond angles.
कार्ड 76
प्रश्न
What molecular shape does VSEPR predict for an isolated PF₅ molecule?
उत्तर
Trigonal bipyramidal. Phosphorus has five bonded fluorine atoms and no lone pairs.
कार्ड 77
प्रश्न
What is the electron geometry around A in AX₂E₂?
उत्तर
Tetrahedral: two bonding domains plus two lone-pair domains.
कार्ड 78
प्रश्न
Which X–A–X bond angles occur in an ideal square-planar AX₄E₂ arrangement?
उत्तर
90° between adjacent bonds and 180° between opposite bonds.
78 कार्ड
VSEPR Flashcards: Molecular Geometry & Bond Angles
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