VSEPR Flashcards: Molecular Geometry & Bond Angles
Practice VSEPR shapes, electron geometry, lone pairs, AXE notation, and ideal bond angles with 78 focused English flashcards.
اس ڈیک کے بارے میں
Practice VSEPR molecular geometry with 78 English flashcards for high-school and introductory-college chemistry. You should already be able to read simple formulas and Lewis structures. This is focused shape prediction and recall, not a complete chemistry course.
Cards map electron-domain counts to electron geometry; AXE notation to molecular shape and, where lone pairs change the shape, to electron geometry; and selected molecular formulas to shape. Separate prompts retrieve ideal bond-angle benchmarks. A few reverse prompts recover AXE notation from a shape plus its domain count. Contrast and error-diagnosis questions distinguish electron geometry from molecular geometry, count multiple bonds correctly, and show why a shape name alone may not determine the domain count or an exact angle.
The 13 cases are AX₂; AX₃ and AX₂E; AX₄, AX₃E, and AX₂E₂; AX₅, AX₄E, AX₃E₂, and AX₂E₃; and AX₆, AX₅E, and AX₄E₂. Later cards cover axial and equatorial sites, usual lone-pair placements, and ideal versus actual angles. The sequence starts with domains and notation, develops two-to-four-domain cases, then interleaves five- and six-domain cases before final comparisons. Related prompts are separated; the review scheduler handles longer-term spacing.
Practice is text based. Diagram identification, exhaustive Lewis-structure construction, formal charges, polarity, radicals, transition-metal coordination, seven-domain cases, hybridization, and molecular-orbital theory are excluded to keep the deck focused. Shape-to-molecule lists and every possible reverse mapping are omitted because many answers would be valid. Numerical species-angle tables are omitted: ideal benchmarks do not give exact measured angles for every molecule.
All cards carry the VSEPR tag. Original questions, answers, organization, and metadata were prepared with AI assistance and checked against university chemistry references. The cover is an original AI-generated illustration of a generic tetrahedral model; its colors do not identify elements. No source prose, diagrams, competitor cards, or examination questions were copied. Common chemical facts are not claimed as proprietary. Original material, including the generated cover to the extent applicable rights exist, is dedicated under CC0 1.0. This is independent study material, with no university, course, or examination endorsement.
اس ڈیک کے کارڈز
کارڈ 1
سوال
In VSEPR, what is an electron domain around a central atom?
جواب
A region of electron density: one bond to a neighboring atom, regardless of bond order, or one lone pair.
کارڈ 2
سوال
What does the VSEPR model use to predict a central atom’s geometry?
جواب
Repulsion between electron domains. The domains favor an arrangement that reduces their mutual repulsion.
کارڈ 3
سوال
In AXₙEₘ notation, what does A represent?
جواب
The central atom whose local geometry is being described.
کارڈ 4
سوال
How do electron geometry and molecular geometry differ in VSEPR?
جواب
Electron geometry includes all electron domains. Molecular geometry describes the arrangement of atoms around the central atom, leaving lone pairs out of the shape name.
کارڈ 5
سوال
How many VSEPR domains does one triple bond contribute at either bonded atom?
جواب
One domain. Three shared electron pairs occupy one bonding direction.
کارڈ 6
سوال
In AXₙEₘ notation, what does n count?
جواب
Atoms directly bonded to the central atom. A double or triple bond still contributes one X.
کارڈ 7
سوال
For a molecule with several central atoms, where do you apply VSEPR?
جواب
At each central atom separately, using its own bonded neighbors and lone pairs.
کارڈ 8
سوال
In AXₙEₘ notation, what does m count?
جواب
Lone pairs on the central atom. E counts pairs, not individual electrons.
کارڈ 9
سوال
For an AXₙEₘ center in the usual closed-shell VSEPR model, how many electron domains are present?
جواب
n + m domains: bonded neighbors plus lone pairs.
کارڈ 10
سوال
VSEPR molecular shape of AX₂, with no lone pairs on A?
جواب
Linear. The two bonded atoms lie on opposite sides of the central atom.
کارڈ 11
سوال
VSEPR molecular shape of AX₃, with no lone pairs on A?
جواب
Trigonal planar. The central atom and three bonded atoms lie in one plane.
کارڈ 12
سوال
In an X–A–X bond angle, at which atom is the angle measured?
جواب
At A, the central atom, between the two bonds to X atoms.
کارڈ 13
سوال
Does a lone pair count as one VSEPR domain or two?
جواب
One domain. The pair contains two electrons, but it occupies one region around the central atom.
کارڈ 14
سوال
VSEPR molecular shape of AX₄, with no lone pairs on A?
جواب
Tetrahedral. The four bonded atoms occupy the corners of a tetrahedron around A.
کارڈ 15
سوال
VSEPR molecular shape of AX₂E?
جواب
Bent, also called angular or V-shaped. There are two bonded atoms and one lone pair around A.
کارڈ 16
سوال
What is the ideal X–A–X bond angle in AX₂ with no lone pairs?
جواب
180°.
کارڈ 17
سوال
What electron geometry does VSEPR assign to three domains around a central atom?
جواب
Trigonal planar.
کارڈ 18
سوال
VSEPR molecular shape of AX₃E?
جواب
Trigonal pyramidal. Three bonded atoms and one lone pair occupy four electron domains.
کارڈ 19
سوال
What is the ideal X–A–X bond angle in tetrahedral AX₄?
جواب
About 109.5°.
کارڈ 20
سوال
A central atom has two bonded neighbors and two lone pairs. What is its AXE notation?
جواب
AX₂E₂.
کارڈ 21
سوال
What is the ideal X–A–X bond angle in trigonal planar AX₃?
جواب
120°.
کارڈ 22
سوال
VSEPR molecular shape of AX₂E₂?
جواب
Bent, also called angular or V-shaped. Two lone pairs occupy the other two domains.
کارڈ 23
سوال
What is the electron geometry around A in AX₃E?
جواب
Tetrahedral: three bonding domains plus one lone-pair domain.
کارڈ 24
سوال
In O=C=O, how many electron domains surround carbon?
جواب
Two domains. Each C=O double bond counts once.
کارڈ 25
سوال
What is the electron geometry around A in AX₂E?
جواب
Trigonal planar: two bonding domains plus one lone-pair domain.
کارڈ 26
سوال
What molecular shape does VSEPR predict around carbon in CH₄?
جواب
Tetrahedral. Carbon has four bonded neighbors and no lone pairs.
کارڈ 27
سوال
A learner counts a double bond as two VSEPR domains. What should they correct?
جواب
Count it as one domain. Bond order changes the number of shared electrons, not the number of bonded directions.
کارڈ 28
سوال
What molecular shape does VSEPR predict around nitrogen in NH₃?
جواب
Trigonal pyramidal. Nitrogen has three bonded neighbors and one lone pair.
کارڈ 29
سوال
What electron geometry does VSEPR assign to four domains around a central atom?
جواب
Tetrahedral.
کارڈ 30
سوال
What molecular shape does VSEPR predict around oxygen in H₂O?
جواب
Bent. Oxygen has two bonded neighbors and two lone pairs.
کارڈ 31
سوال
What molecular shape does VSEPR predict around carbon in the carbonate ion, CO₃²⁻?
جواب
Trigonal planar. The three C–O bonding directions give three domains, even when a Lewis structure shows one double bond.
کارڈ 32
سوال
In the simple VSEPR model, how does a central lone pair usually affect neighboring bond angles?
جواب
It tends to compress nearby bond angles because its electron density occupies more space near the central atom. This is a qualitative tendency, not a fixed number of degrees.
کارڈ 33
سوال
A VSEPR center is trigonal pyramidal with four total domains. What is its AXE notation?
جواب
AX₃E: three bonded atoms and one lone pair.
کارڈ 34
سوال
Which two common AXE cases give a bent molecular shape with three or four total domains?
جواب
AX₂E with three domains, and AX₂E₂ with four domains. Their electron geometries differ.
کارڈ 35
سوال
What electron geometry does VSEPR assign to five domains around a central atom?
جواب
Trigonal bipyramidal.
کارڈ 36
سوال
What electron geometry does VSEPR assign to six domains around a central atom?
جواب
Octahedral.
کارڈ 37
سوال
Does an ideal VSEPR angle give the exact measured angle in every molecule of that shape?
جواب
No. It is a geometric benchmark; lone pairs and the bonding environment can change actual angles.
کارڈ 38
سوال
How many axial and equatorial positions are in a trigonal bipyramid?
جواب
Two axial positions and three equatorial positions.
کارڈ 39
سوال
VSEPR molecular shape of AX₅, with no lone pairs on A?
جواب
Trigonal bipyramidal.
کارڈ 40
سوال
VSEPR molecular shape of AX₆, with no lone pairs on A?
جواب
Octahedral.
کارڈ 41
سوال
VSEPR molecular shape of AX₄E in the usual lowest-repulsion arrangement?
جواب
Seesaw. The lone pair occupies an equatorial position in a trigonal-bipyramidal domain arrangement.
کارڈ 42
سوال
In an ideal trigonal bipyramid, what is the angle between two equatorial bonds?
جواب
120°.
کارڈ 43
سوال
VSEPR molecular shape of AX₃E₂ in the usual lowest-repulsion arrangement?
جواب
T-shaped. Both lone pairs occupy equatorial positions.
کارڈ 44
سوال
VSEPR molecular shape of AX₅E?
جواب
Square pyramidal. One lone pair occupies the sixth position of an octahedral domain arrangement.
کارڈ 45
سوال
In an ideal trigonal bipyramid, what is the angle between an axial bond and an equatorial bond?
جواب
90°.
کارڈ 46
سوال
VSEPR molecular shape of AX₂E₃ in the usual lowest-repulsion arrangement?
جواب
Linear. Three equatorial lone pairs leave the two bonded atoms in opposite axial positions.
کارڈ 47
سوال
VSEPR molecular shape of AX₄E₂ in the usual lowest-repulsion arrangement?
جواب
Square planar. Two opposite lone pairs leave four bonded atoms in a square around A.
کارڈ 48
سوال
In a trigonal-bipyramidal domain arrangement, which sites do lone pairs preferentially occupy?
جواب
Equatorial sites, in the usual VSEPR arrangements with one to three lone pairs.
کارڈ 49
سوال
Which X–A–X angles occur in an ideal octahedral AX₆ molecule?
جواب
90° between adjacent bonds and 180° between opposite bonds.
کارڈ 50
سوال
A VSEPR center has a seesaw shape and five total domains. What is its AXE notation?
جواب
AX₄E.
کارڈ 51
سوال
A VSEPR center has a T-shaped molecular geometry and five total domains. What is its AXE notation?
جواب
AX₃E₂.
کارڈ 52
سوال
In an ideal trigonal bipyramid, what is the angle between its two axial bonds?
جواب
180°. The axial positions lie on opposite sides of the central atom.
کارڈ 53
سوال
A VSEPR center is square pyramidal with six total domains. What is its AXE notation?
جواب
AX₅E.
کارڈ 54
سوال
In the usual octahedral AX₄E₂ arrangement, how are the two lone pairs positioned relative to each other?
جواب
Opposite each other, 180° apart in the ideal domain arrangement.
کارڈ 55
سوال
What molecular shape does VSEPR predict for an isolated SF₄ molecule?
جواب
Seesaw. Sulfur has four bonded fluorine atoms and one lone pair.
کارڈ 56
سوال
What molecular shape does VSEPR predict for an isolated XeF₂ molecule?
جواب
Linear. Xenon has two bonded fluorine atoms and three lone pairs.
کارڈ 57
سوال
What is the electron geometry around A in AX₃E₂?
جواب
Trigonal bipyramidal: three bonding domains plus two lone-pair domains.
کارڈ 58
سوال
What molecular shape does VSEPR predict for an isolated BrF₅ molecule?
جواب
Square pyramidal. Bromine has five bonded fluorine atoms and one lone pair.
کارڈ 59
سوال
What molecular shape does VSEPR predict for an isolated XeF₄ molecule?
جواب
Square planar. Xenon has four bonded fluorine atoms and two opposite lone pairs.
کارڈ 60
سوال
What is the electron geometry around A in AX₄E?
جواب
Trigonal bipyramidal: four bonding domains plus one lone-pair domain.
کارڈ 61
سوال
What molecular shape does VSEPR predict for an isolated ClF₃ molecule?
جواب
T-shaped. Chlorine has three bonded fluorine atoms and two equatorial lone pairs.
کارڈ 62
سوال
What is the electron geometry around A in AX₅E?
جواب
Octahedral: five bonding domains plus one lone-pair domain.
کارڈ 63
سوال
What is the electron geometry around A in AX₂E₃?
جواب
Trigonal bipyramidal: two bonding domains plus three lone-pair domains.
کارڈ 64
سوال
What molecular shape does VSEPR predict for an isolated SF₆ molecule?
جواب
Octahedral. Sulfur has six bonded fluorine atoms and no lone pairs.
کارڈ 65
سوال
Which bond angles occur in an idealized T-shaped AX₃E₂ arrangement?
جواب
90° and 180°. These are parent-geometry benchmarks; a real molecule can be distorted.
کارڈ 66
سوال
What is the electron geometry around A in AX₄E₂?
جواب
Octahedral: four bonding domains plus two lone-pair domains.
کارڈ 67
سوال
Why does an octahedral VSEPR arrangement have six domains despite the name’s reference to eight?
جواب
The six domains point toward the six vertices of an octahedron. Eight refers to the solid’s faces.
کارڈ 68
سوال
Why does a lone pair in AX₄E favor an equatorial site over an axial site?
جواب
An equatorial site has two 90° interactions with other domains; an axial site has three. The equatorial choice reduces these close repulsions.
کارڈ 69
سوال
Which common AXE cases give a linear molecular shape with two or five total domains?
جواب
AX₂ with two domains, and AX₂E₃ with five domains. A linear shape alone does not determine the electron geometry.
کارڈ 70
سوال
Which bond angles occur in an idealized square-pyramidal AX₅E arrangement?
جواب
90° and 180°. Actual angles can deviate from these octahedral parent benchmarks.
کارڈ 71
سوال
A VSEPR center is square planar with six total domains. What is its AXE notation?
جواب
AX₄E₂.
کارڈ 72
سوال
A learner assigns every bent molecule the same bond angle. What information are they missing?
جواب
The electron-domain arrangement and the particular molecule. Bent includes AX₂E and AX₂E₂, and actual angles depend on the species.
کارڈ 73
سوال
A learner calls NH₃ tetrahedral because nitrogen has four domains. What shape distinction resolves the error?
جواب
Tetrahedral is its electron geometry. Its molecular geometry is trigonal pyramidal because only the three bonded atoms define that shape.
کارڈ 74
سوال
Why can four bonded atoms give tetrahedral AX₄ but square planar AX₄E₂?
جواب
AX₄ has four total domains. AX₄E₂ has six total domains, with two opposite lone pairs in an octahedral arrangement.
کارڈ 75
سوال
Which ideal parent angles are the benchmarks for an AX₄E seesaw arrangement?
جواب
90°, 120°, and 180° from trigonal-bipyramidal electron geometry. Lone-pair repulsion can distort the actual bond angles.
کارڈ 76
سوال
What molecular shape does VSEPR predict for an isolated PF₅ molecule?
جواب
Trigonal bipyramidal. Phosphorus has five bonded fluorine atoms and no lone pairs.
کارڈ 77
سوال
What is the electron geometry around A in AX₂E₂?
جواب
Tetrahedral: two bonding domains plus two lone-pair domains.
کارڈ 78
سوال
Which X–A–X bond angles occur in an ideal square-planar AX₄E₂ arrangement?
جواب
90° between adjacent bonds and 180° between opposite bonds.
78 کارڈز
VSEPR Flashcards: Molecular Geometry & Bond Angles
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