VSEPR Flashcards: Molecular Geometry & Bond Angles
Practice VSEPR shapes, electron geometry, lone pairs, AXE notation, and ideal bond angles with 78 focused English flashcards.
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Practice VSEPR molecular geometry with 78 English flashcards for high-school and introductory-college chemistry. You should already be able to read simple formulas and Lewis structures. This is focused shape prediction and recall, not a complete chemistry course.
Cards map electron-domain counts to electron geometry; AXE notation to molecular shape and, where lone pairs change the shape, to electron geometry; and selected molecular formulas to shape. Separate prompts retrieve ideal bond-angle benchmarks. A few reverse prompts recover AXE notation from a shape plus its domain count. Contrast and error-diagnosis questions distinguish electron geometry from molecular geometry, count multiple bonds correctly, and show why a shape name alone may not determine the domain count or an exact angle.
The 13 cases are AX₂; AX₃ and AX₂E; AX₄, AX₃E, and AX₂E₂; AX₅, AX₄E, AX₃E₂, and AX₂E₃; and AX₆, AX₅E, and AX₄E₂. Later cards cover axial and equatorial sites, usual lone-pair placements, and ideal versus actual angles. The sequence starts with domains and notation, develops two-to-four-domain cases, then interleaves five- and six-domain cases before final comparisons. Related prompts are separated; the review scheduler handles longer-term spacing.
Practice is text based. Diagram identification, exhaustive Lewis-structure construction, formal charges, polarity, radicals, transition-metal coordination, seven-domain cases, hybridization, and molecular-orbital theory are excluded to keep the deck focused. Shape-to-molecule lists and every possible reverse mapping are omitted because many answers would be valid. Numerical species-angle tables are omitted: ideal benchmarks do not give exact measured angles for every molecule.
All cards carry the VSEPR tag. Original questions, answers, organization, and metadata were prepared with AI assistance and checked against university chemistry references. The cover is an original AI-generated illustration of a generic tetrahedral model; its colors do not identify elements. No source prose, diagrams, competitor cards, or examination questions were copied. Common chemical facts are not claimed as proprietary. Original material, including the generated cover to the extent applicable rights exist, is dedicated under CC0 1.0. This is independent study material, with no university, course, or examination endorsement.
Κάρτες σε αυτήν τη δέσμη
Κάρτα 1
Ερώτηση
In VSEPR, what is an electron domain around a central atom?
Απάντηση
A region of electron density: one bond to a neighboring atom, regardless of bond order, or one lone pair.
Κάρτα 2
Ερώτηση
What does the VSEPR model use to predict a central atom’s geometry?
Απάντηση
Repulsion between electron domains. The domains favor an arrangement that reduces their mutual repulsion.
Κάρτα 3
Ερώτηση
In AXₙEₘ notation, what does A represent?
Απάντηση
The central atom whose local geometry is being described.
Κάρτα 4
Ερώτηση
How do electron geometry and molecular geometry differ in VSEPR?
Απάντηση
Electron geometry includes all electron domains. Molecular geometry describes the arrangement of atoms around the central atom, leaving lone pairs out of the shape name.
Κάρτα 5
Ερώτηση
How many VSEPR domains does one triple bond contribute at either bonded atom?
Απάντηση
One domain. Three shared electron pairs occupy one bonding direction.
Κάρτα 6
Ερώτηση
In AXₙEₘ notation, what does n count?
Απάντηση
Atoms directly bonded to the central atom. A double or triple bond still contributes one X.
Κάρτα 7
Ερώτηση
For a molecule with several central atoms, where do you apply VSEPR?
Απάντηση
At each central atom separately, using its own bonded neighbors and lone pairs.
Κάρτα 8
Ερώτηση
In AXₙEₘ notation, what does m count?
Απάντηση
Lone pairs on the central atom. E counts pairs, not individual electrons.
Κάρτα 9
Ερώτηση
For an AXₙEₘ center in the usual closed-shell VSEPR model, how many electron domains are present?
Απάντηση
n + m domains: bonded neighbors plus lone pairs.
Κάρτα 10
Ερώτηση
VSEPR molecular shape of AX₂, with no lone pairs on A?
Απάντηση
Linear. The two bonded atoms lie on opposite sides of the central atom.
Κάρτα 11
Ερώτηση
VSEPR molecular shape of AX₃, with no lone pairs on A?
Απάντηση
Trigonal planar. The central atom and three bonded atoms lie in one plane.
Κάρτα 12
Ερώτηση
In an X–A–X bond angle, at which atom is the angle measured?
Απάντηση
At A, the central atom, between the two bonds to X atoms.
Κάρτα 13
Ερώτηση
Does a lone pair count as one VSEPR domain or two?
Απάντηση
One domain. The pair contains two electrons, but it occupies one region around the central atom.
Κάρτα 14
Ερώτηση
VSEPR molecular shape of AX₄, with no lone pairs on A?
Απάντηση
Tetrahedral. The four bonded atoms occupy the corners of a tetrahedron around A.
Κάρτα 15
Ερώτηση
VSEPR molecular shape of AX₂E?
Απάντηση
Bent, also called angular or V-shaped. There are two bonded atoms and one lone pair around A.
Κάρτα 16
Ερώτηση
What is the ideal X–A–X bond angle in AX₂ with no lone pairs?
Απάντηση
180°.
Κάρτα 17
Ερώτηση
What electron geometry does VSEPR assign to three domains around a central atom?
Απάντηση
Trigonal planar.
Κάρτα 18
Ερώτηση
VSEPR molecular shape of AX₃E?
Απάντηση
Trigonal pyramidal. Three bonded atoms and one lone pair occupy four electron domains.
Κάρτα 19
Ερώτηση
What is the ideal X–A–X bond angle in tetrahedral AX₄?
Απάντηση
About 109.5°.
Κάρτα 20
Ερώτηση
A central atom has two bonded neighbors and two lone pairs. What is its AXE notation?
Απάντηση
AX₂E₂.
Κάρτα 21
Ερώτηση
What is the ideal X–A–X bond angle in trigonal planar AX₃?
Απάντηση
120°.
Κάρτα 22
Ερώτηση
VSEPR molecular shape of AX₂E₂?
Απάντηση
Bent, also called angular or V-shaped. Two lone pairs occupy the other two domains.
Κάρτα 23
Ερώτηση
What is the electron geometry around A in AX₃E?
Απάντηση
Tetrahedral: three bonding domains plus one lone-pair domain.
Κάρτα 24
Ερώτηση
In O=C=O, how many electron domains surround carbon?
Απάντηση
Two domains. Each C=O double bond counts once.
Κάρτα 25
Ερώτηση
What is the electron geometry around A in AX₂E?
Απάντηση
Trigonal planar: two bonding domains plus one lone-pair domain.
Κάρτα 26
Ερώτηση
What molecular shape does VSEPR predict around carbon in CH₄?
Απάντηση
Tetrahedral. Carbon has four bonded neighbors and no lone pairs.
Κάρτα 27
Ερώτηση
A learner counts a double bond as two VSEPR domains. What should they correct?
Απάντηση
Count it as one domain. Bond order changes the number of shared electrons, not the number of bonded directions.
Κάρτα 28
Ερώτηση
What molecular shape does VSEPR predict around nitrogen in NH₃?
Απάντηση
Trigonal pyramidal. Nitrogen has three bonded neighbors and one lone pair.
Κάρτα 29
Ερώτηση
What electron geometry does VSEPR assign to four domains around a central atom?
Απάντηση
Tetrahedral.
Κάρτα 30
Ερώτηση
What molecular shape does VSEPR predict around oxygen in H₂O?
Απάντηση
Bent. Oxygen has two bonded neighbors and two lone pairs.
Κάρτα 31
Ερώτηση
What molecular shape does VSEPR predict around carbon in the carbonate ion, CO₃²⁻?
Απάντηση
Trigonal planar. The three C–O bonding directions give three domains, even when a Lewis structure shows one double bond.
Κάρτα 32
Ερώτηση
In the simple VSEPR model, how does a central lone pair usually affect neighboring bond angles?
Απάντηση
It tends to compress nearby bond angles because its electron density occupies more space near the central atom. This is a qualitative tendency, not a fixed number of degrees.
Κάρτα 33
Ερώτηση
A VSEPR center is trigonal pyramidal with four total domains. What is its AXE notation?
Απάντηση
AX₃E: three bonded atoms and one lone pair.
Κάρτα 34
Ερώτηση
Which two common AXE cases give a bent molecular shape with three or four total domains?
Απάντηση
AX₂E with three domains, and AX₂E₂ with four domains. Their electron geometries differ.
Κάρτα 35
Ερώτηση
What electron geometry does VSEPR assign to five domains around a central atom?
Απάντηση
Trigonal bipyramidal.
Κάρτα 36
Ερώτηση
What electron geometry does VSEPR assign to six domains around a central atom?
Απάντηση
Octahedral.
Κάρτα 37
Ερώτηση
Does an ideal VSEPR angle give the exact measured angle in every molecule of that shape?
Απάντηση
No. It is a geometric benchmark; lone pairs and the bonding environment can change actual angles.
Κάρτα 38
Ερώτηση
How many axial and equatorial positions are in a trigonal bipyramid?
Απάντηση
Two axial positions and three equatorial positions.
Κάρτα 39
Ερώτηση
VSEPR molecular shape of AX₅, with no lone pairs on A?
Απάντηση
Trigonal bipyramidal.
Κάρτα 40
Ερώτηση
VSEPR molecular shape of AX₆, with no lone pairs on A?
Απάντηση
Octahedral.
Κάρτα 41
Ερώτηση
VSEPR molecular shape of AX₄E in the usual lowest-repulsion arrangement?
Απάντηση
Seesaw. The lone pair occupies an equatorial position in a trigonal-bipyramidal domain arrangement.
Κάρτα 42
Ερώτηση
In an ideal trigonal bipyramid, what is the angle between two equatorial bonds?
Απάντηση
120°.
Κάρτα 43
Ερώτηση
VSEPR molecular shape of AX₃E₂ in the usual lowest-repulsion arrangement?
Απάντηση
T-shaped. Both lone pairs occupy equatorial positions.
Κάρτα 44
Ερώτηση
VSEPR molecular shape of AX₅E?
Απάντηση
Square pyramidal. One lone pair occupies the sixth position of an octahedral domain arrangement.
Κάρτα 45
Ερώτηση
In an ideal trigonal bipyramid, what is the angle between an axial bond and an equatorial bond?
Απάντηση
90°.
Κάρτα 46
Ερώτηση
VSEPR molecular shape of AX₂E₃ in the usual lowest-repulsion arrangement?
Απάντηση
Linear. Three equatorial lone pairs leave the two bonded atoms in opposite axial positions.
Κάρτα 47
Ερώτηση
VSEPR molecular shape of AX₄E₂ in the usual lowest-repulsion arrangement?
Απάντηση
Square planar. Two opposite lone pairs leave four bonded atoms in a square around A.
Κάρτα 48
Ερώτηση
In a trigonal-bipyramidal domain arrangement, which sites do lone pairs preferentially occupy?
Απάντηση
Equatorial sites, in the usual VSEPR arrangements with one to three lone pairs.
Κάρτα 49
Ερώτηση
Which X–A–X angles occur in an ideal octahedral AX₆ molecule?
Απάντηση
90° between adjacent bonds and 180° between opposite bonds.
Κάρτα 50
Ερώτηση
A VSEPR center has a seesaw shape and five total domains. What is its AXE notation?
Απάντηση
AX₄E.
Κάρτα 51
Ερώτηση
A VSEPR center has a T-shaped molecular geometry and five total domains. What is its AXE notation?
Απάντηση
AX₃E₂.
Κάρτα 52
Ερώτηση
In an ideal trigonal bipyramid, what is the angle between its two axial bonds?
Απάντηση
180°. The axial positions lie on opposite sides of the central atom.
Κάρτα 53
Ερώτηση
A VSEPR center is square pyramidal with six total domains. What is its AXE notation?
Απάντηση
AX₅E.
Κάρτα 54
Ερώτηση
In the usual octahedral AX₄E₂ arrangement, how are the two lone pairs positioned relative to each other?
Απάντηση
Opposite each other, 180° apart in the ideal domain arrangement.
Κάρτα 55
Ερώτηση
What molecular shape does VSEPR predict for an isolated SF₄ molecule?
Απάντηση
Seesaw. Sulfur has four bonded fluorine atoms and one lone pair.
Κάρτα 56
Ερώτηση
What molecular shape does VSEPR predict for an isolated XeF₂ molecule?
Απάντηση
Linear. Xenon has two bonded fluorine atoms and three lone pairs.
Κάρτα 57
Ερώτηση
What is the electron geometry around A in AX₃E₂?
Απάντηση
Trigonal bipyramidal: three bonding domains plus two lone-pair domains.
Κάρτα 58
Ερώτηση
What molecular shape does VSEPR predict for an isolated BrF₅ molecule?
Απάντηση
Square pyramidal. Bromine has five bonded fluorine atoms and one lone pair.
Κάρτα 59
Ερώτηση
What molecular shape does VSEPR predict for an isolated XeF₄ molecule?
Απάντηση
Square planar. Xenon has four bonded fluorine atoms and two opposite lone pairs.
Κάρτα 60
Ερώτηση
What is the electron geometry around A in AX₄E?
Απάντηση
Trigonal bipyramidal: four bonding domains plus one lone-pair domain.
Κάρτα 61
Ερώτηση
What molecular shape does VSEPR predict for an isolated ClF₃ molecule?
Απάντηση
T-shaped. Chlorine has three bonded fluorine atoms and two equatorial lone pairs.
Κάρτα 62
Ερώτηση
What is the electron geometry around A in AX₅E?
Απάντηση
Octahedral: five bonding domains plus one lone-pair domain.
Κάρτα 63
Ερώτηση
What is the electron geometry around A in AX₂E₃?
Απάντηση
Trigonal bipyramidal: two bonding domains plus three lone-pair domains.
Κάρτα 64
Ερώτηση
What molecular shape does VSEPR predict for an isolated SF₆ molecule?
Απάντηση
Octahedral. Sulfur has six bonded fluorine atoms and no lone pairs.
Κάρτα 65
Ερώτηση
Which bond angles occur in an idealized T-shaped AX₃E₂ arrangement?
Απάντηση
90° and 180°. These are parent-geometry benchmarks; a real molecule can be distorted.
Κάρτα 66
Ερώτηση
What is the electron geometry around A in AX₄E₂?
Απάντηση
Octahedral: four bonding domains plus two lone-pair domains.
Κάρτα 67
Ερώτηση
Why does an octahedral VSEPR arrangement have six domains despite the name’s reference to eight?
Απάντηση
The six domains point toward the six vertices of an octahedron. Eight refers to the solid’s faces.
Κάρτα 68
Ερώτηση
Why does a lone pair in AX₄E favor an equatorial site over an axial site?
Απάντηση
An equatorial site has two 90° interactions with other domains; an axial site has three. The equatorial choice reduces these close repulsions.
Κάρτα 69
Ερώτηση
Which common AXE cases give a linear molecular shape with two or five total domains?
Απάντηση
AX₂ with two domains, and AX₂E₃ with five domains. A linear shape alone does not determine the electron geometry.
Κάρτα 70
Ερώτηση
Which bond angles occur in an idealized square-pyramidal AX₅E arrangement?
Απάντηση
90° and 180°. Actual angles can deviate from these octahedral parent benchmarks.
Κάρτα 71
Ερώτηση
A VSEPR center is square planar with six total domains. What is its AXE notation?
Απάντηση
AX₄E₂.
Κάρτα 72
Ερώτηση
A learner assigns every bent molecule the same bond angle. What information are they missing?
Απάντηση
The electron-domain arrangement and the particular molecule. Bent includes AX₂E and AX₂E₂, and actual angles depend on the species.
Κάρτα 73
Ερώτηση
A learner calls NH₃ tetrahedral because nitrogen has four domains. What shape distinction resolves the error?
Απάντηση
Tetrahedral is its electron geometry. Its molecular geometry is trigonal pyramidal because only the three bonded atoms define that shape.
Κάρτα 74
Ερώτηση
Why can four bonded atoms give tetrahedral AX₄ but square planar AX₄E₂?
Απάντηση
AX₄ has four total domains. AX₄E₂ has six total domains, with two opposite lone pairs in an octahedral arrangement.
Κάρτα 75
Ερώτηση
Which ideal parent angles are the benchmarks for an AX₄E seesaw arrangement?
Απάντηση
90°, 120°, and 180° from trigonal-bipyramidal electron geometry. Lone-pair repulsion can distort the actual bond angles.
Κάρτα 76
Ερώτηση
What molecular shape does VSEPR predict for an isolated PF₅ molecule?
Απάντηση
Trigonal bipyramidal. Phosphorus has five bonded fluorine atoms and no lone pairs.
Κάρτα 77
Ερώτηση
What is the electron geometry around A in AX₂E₂?
Απάντηση
Tetrahedral: two bonding domains plus two lone-pair domains.
Κάρτα 78
Ερώτηση
Which X–A–X bond angles occur in an ideal square-planar AX₄E₂ arrangement?
Απάντηση
90° between adjacent bonds and 180° between opposite bonds.
78 κάρτες
VSEPR Flashcards: Molecular Geometry & Bond Angles
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