VSEPR Flashcards: Molecular Geometry & Bond Angles
Practice VSEPR shapes, electron geometry, lone pairs, AXE notation, and ideal bond angles with 78 focused English flashcards.
על החפיסה הזו
Practice VSEPR molecular geometry with 78 English flashcards for high-school and introductory-college chemistry. You should already be able to read simple formulas and Lewis structures. This is focused shape prediction and recall, not a complete chemistry course.
Cards map electron-domain counts to electron geometry; AXE notation to molecular shape and, where lone pairs change the shape, to electron geometry; and selected molecular formulas to shape. Separate prompts retrieve ideal bond-angle benchmarks. A few reverse prompts recover AXE notation from a shape plus its domain count. Contrast and error-diagnosis questions distinguish electron geometry from molecular geometry, count multiple bonds correctly, and show why a shape name alone may not determine the domain count or an exact angle.
The 13 cases are AX₂; AX₃ and AX₂E; AX₄, AX₃E, and AX₂E₂; AX₅, AX₄E, AX₃E₂, and AX₂E₃; and AX₆, AX₅E, and AX₄E₂. Later cards cover axial and equatorial sites, usual lone-pair placements, and ideal versus actual angles. The sequence starts with domains and notation, develops two-to-four-domain cases, then interleaves five- and six-domain cases before final comparisons. Related prompts are separated; the review scheduler handles longer-term spacing.
Practice is text based. Diagram identification, exhaustive Lewis-structure construction, formal charges, polarity, radicals, transition-metal coordination, seven-domain cases, hybridization, and molecular-orbital theory are excluded to keep the deck focused. Shape-to-molecule lists and every possible reverse mapping are omitted because many answers would be valid. Numerical species-angle tables are omitted: ideal benchmarks do not give exact measured angles for every molecule.
All cards carry the VSEPR tag. Original questions, answers, organization, and metadata were prepared with AI assistance and checked against university chemistry references. The cover is an original AI-generated illustration of a generic tetrahedral model; its colors do not identify elements. No source prose, diagrams, competitor cards, or examination questions were copied. Common chemical facts are not claimed as proprietary. Original material, including the generated cover to the extent applicable rights exist, is dedicated under CC0 1.0. This is independent study material, with no university, course, or examination endorsement.
הכרטיסים בחפיסה הזו
כרטיס 1
שאלה
In VSEPR, what is an electron domain around a central atom?
תשובה
A region of electron density: one bond to a neighboring atom, regardless of bond order, or one lone pair.
כרטיס 2
שאלה
What does the VSEPR model use to predict a central atom’s geometry?
תשובה
Repulsion between electron domains. The domains favor an arrangement that reduces their mutual repulsion.
כרטיס 3
שאלה
In AXₙEₘ notation, what does A represent?
תשובה
The central atom whose local geometry is being described.
כרטיס 4
שאלה
How do electron geometry and molecular geometry differ in VSEPR?
תשובה
Electron geometry includes all electron domains. Molecular geometry describes the arrangement of atoms around the central atom, leaving lone pairs out of the shape name.
כרטיס 5
שאלה
How many VSEPR domains does one triple bond contribute at either bonded atom?
תשובה
One domain. Three shared electron pairs occupy one bonding direction.
כרטיס 6
שאלה
In AXₙEₘ notation, what does n count?
תשובה
Atoms directly bonded to the central atom. A double or triple bond still contributes one X.
כרטיס 7
שאלה
For a molecule with several central atoms, where do you apply VSEPR?
תשובה
At each central atom separately, using its own bonded neighbors and lone pairs.
כרטיס 8
שאלה
In AXₙEₘ notation, what does m count?
תשובה
Lone pairs on the central atom. E counts pairs, not individual electrons.
כרטיס 9
שאלה
For an AXₙEₘ center in the usual closed-shell VSEPR model, how many electron domains are present?
תשובה
n + m domains: bonded neighbors plus lone pairs.
כרטיס 10
שאלה
VSEPR molecular shape of AX₂, with no lone pairs on A?
תשובה
Linear. The two bonded atoms lie on opposite sides of the central atom.
כרטיס 11
שאלה
VSEPR molecular shape of AX₃, with no lone pairs on A?
תשובה
Trigonal planar. The central atom and three bonded atoms lie in one plane.
כרטיס 12
שאלה
In an X–A–X bond angle, at which atom is the angle measured?
תשובה
At A, the central atom, between the two bonds to X atoms.
כרטיס 13
שאלה
Does a lone pair count as one VSEPR domain or two?
תשובה
One domain. The pair contains two electrons, but it occupies one region around the central atom.
כרטיס 14
שאלה
VSEPR molecular shape of AX₄, with no lone pairs on A?
תשובה
Tetrahedral. The four bonded atoms occupy the corners of a tetrahedron around A.
כרטיס 15
שאלה
VSEPR molecular shape of AX₂E?
תשובה
Bent, also called angular or V-shaped. There are two bonded atoms and one lone pair around A.
כרטיס 16
שאלה
What is the ideal X–A–X bond angle in AX₂ with no lone pairs?
תשובה
180°.
כרטיס 17
שאלה
What electron geometry does VSEPR assign to three domains around a central atom?
תשובה
Trigonal planar.
כרטיס 18
שאלה
VSEPR molecular shape of AX₃E?
תשובה
Trigonal pyramidal. Three bonded atoms and one lone pair occupy four electron domains.
כרטיס 19
שאלה
What is the ideal X–A–X bond angle in tetrahedral AX₄?
תשובה
About 109.5°.
כרטיס 20
שאלה
A central atom has two bonded neighbors and two lone pairs. What is its AXE notation?
תשובה
AX₂E₂.
כרטיס 21
שאלה
What is the ideal X–A–X bond angle in trigonal planar AX₃?
תשובה
120°.
כרטיס 22
שאלה
VSEPR molecular shape of AX₂E₂?
תשובה
Bent, also called angular or V-shaped. Two lone pairs occupy the other two domains.
כרטיס 23
שאלה
What is the electron geometry around A in AX₃E?
תשובה
Tetrahedral: three bonding domains plus one lone-pair domain.
כרטיס 24
שאלה
In O=C=O, how many electron domains surround carbon?
תשובה
Two domains. Each C=O double bond counts once.
כרטיס 25
שאלה
What is the electron geometry around A in AX₂E?
תשובה
Trigonal planar: two bonding domains plus one lone-pair domain.
כרטיס 26
שאלה
What molecular shape does VSEPR predict around carbon in CH₄?
תשובה
Tetrahedral. Carbon has four bonded neighbors and no lone pairs.
כרטיס 27
שאלה
A learner counts a double bond as two VSEPR domains. What should they correct?
תשובה
Count it as one domain. Bond order changes the number of shared electrons, not the number of bonded directions.
כרטיס 28
שאלה
What molecular shape does VSEPR predict around nitrogen in NH₃?
תשובה
Trigonal pyramidal. Nitrogen has three bonded neighbors and one lone pair.
כרטיס 29
שאלה
What electron geometry does VSEPR assign to four domains around a central atom?
תשובה
Tetrahedral.
כרטיס 30
שאלה
What molecular shape does VSEPR predict around oxygen in H₂O?
תשובה
Bent. Oxygen has two bonded neighbors and two lone pairs.
כרטיס 31
שאלה
What molecular shape does VSEPR predict around carbon in the carbonate ion, CO₃²⁻?
תשובה
Trigonal planar. The three C–O bonding directions give three domains, even when a Lewis structure shows one double bond.
כרטיס 32
שאלה
In the simple VSEPR model, how does a central lone pair usually affect neighboring bond angles?
תשובה
It tends to compress nearby bond angles because its electron density occupies more space near the central atom. This is a qualitative tendency, not a fixed number of degrees.
כרטיס 33
שאלה
A VSEPR center is trigonal pyramidal with four total domains. What is its AXE notation?
תשובה
AX₃E: three bonded atoms and one lone pair.
כרטיס 34
שאלה
Which two common AXE cases give a bent molecular shape with three or four total domains?
תשובה
AX₂E with three domains, and AX₂E₂ with four domains. Their electron geometries differ.
כרטיס 35
שאלה
What electron geometry does VSEPR assign to five domains around a central atom?
תשובה
Trigonal bipyramidal.
כרטיס 36
שאלה
What electron geometry does VSEPR assign to six domains around a central atom?
תשובה
Octahedral.
כרטיס 37
שאלה
Does an ideal VSEPR angle give the exact measured angle in every molecule of that shape?
תשובה
No. It is a geometric benchmark; lone pairs and the bonding environment can change actual angles.
כרטיס 38
שאלה
How many axial and equatorial positions are in a trigonal bipyramid?
תשובה
Two axial positions and three equatorial positions.
כרטיס 39
שאלה
VSEPR molecular shape of AX₅, with no lone pairs on A?
תשובה
Trigonal bipyramidal.
כרטיס 40
שאלה
VSEPR molecular shape of AX₆, with no lone pairs on A?
תשובה
Octahedral.
כרטיס 41
שאלה
VSEPR molecular shape of AX₄E in the usual lowest-repulsion arrangement?
תשובה
Seesaw. The lone pair occupies an equatorial position in a trigonal-bipyramidal domain arrangement.
כרטיס 42
שאלה
In an ideal trigonal bipyramid, what is the angle between two equatorial bonds?
תשובה
120°.
כרטיס 43
שאלה
VSEPR molecular shape of AX₃E₂ in the usual lowest-repulsion arrangement?
תשובה
T-shaped. Both lone pairs occupy equatorial positions.
כרטיס 44
שאלה
VSEPR molecular shape of AX₅E?
תשובה
Square pyramidal. One lone pair occupies the sixth position of an octahedral domain arrangement.
כרטיס 45
שאלה
In an ideal trigonal bipyramid, what is the angle between an axial bond and an equatorial bond?
תשובה
90°.
כרטיס 46
שאלה
VSEPR molecular shape of AX₂E₃ in the usual lowest-repulsion arrangement?
תשובה
Linear. Three equatorial lone pairs leave the two bonded atoms in opposite axial positions.
כרטיס 47
שאלה
VSEPR molecular shape of AX₄E₂ in the usual lowest-repulsion arrangement?
תשובה
Square planar. Two opposite lone pairs leave four bonded atoms in a square around A.
כרטיס 48
שאלה
In a trigonal-bipyramidal domain arrangement, which sites do lone pairs preferentially occupy?
תשובה
Equatorial sites, in the usual VSEPR arrangements with one to three lone pairs.
כרטיס 49
שאלה
Which X–A–X angles occur in an ideal octahedral AX₆ molecule?
תשובה
90° between adjacent bonds and 180° between opposite bonds.
כרטיס 50
שאלה
A VSEPR center has a seesaw shape and five total domains. What is its AXE notation?
תשובה
AX₄E.
כרטיס 51
שאלה
A VSEPR center has a T-shaped molecular geometry and five total domains. What is its AXE notation?
תשובה
AX₃E₂.
כרטיס 52
שאלה
In an ideal trigonal bipyramid, what is the angle between its two axial bonds?
תשובה
180°. The axial positions lie on opposite sides of the central atom.
כרטיס 53
שאלה
A VSEPR center is square pyramidal with six total domains. What is its AXE notation?
תשובה
AX₅E.
כרטיס 54
שאלה
In the usual octahedral AX₄E₂ arrangement, how are the two lone pairs positioned relative to each other?
תשובה
Opposite each other, 180° apart in the ideal domain arrangement.
כרטיס 55
שאלה
What molecular shape does VSEPR predict for an isolated SF₄ molecule?
תשובה
Seesaw. Sulfur has four bonded fluorine atoms and one lone pair.
כרטיס 56
שאלה
What molecular shape does VSEPR predict for an isolated XeF₂ molecule?
תשובה
Linear. Xenon has two bonded fluorine atoms and three lone pairs.
כרטיס 57
שאלה
What is the electron geometry around A in AX₃E₂?
תשובה
Trigonal bipyramidal: three bonding domains plus two lone-pair domains.
כרטיס 58
שאלה
What molecular shape does VSEPR predict for an isolated BrF₅ molecule?
תשובה
Square pyramidal. Bromine has five bonded fluorine atoms and one lone pair.
כרטיס 59
שאלה
What molecular shape does VSEPR predict for an isolated XeF₄ molecule?
תשובה
Square planar. Xenon has four bonded fluorine atoms and two opposite lone pairs.
כרטיס 60
שאלה
What is the electron geometry around A in AX₄E?
תשובה
Trigonal bipyramidal: four bonding domains plus one lone-pair domain.
כרטיס 61
שאלה
What molecular shape does VSEPR predict for an isolated ClF₃ molecule?
תשובה
T-shaped. Chlorine has three bonded fluorine atoms and two equatorial lone pairs.
כרטיס 62
שאלה
What is the electron geometry around A in AX₅E?
תשובה
Octahedral: five bonding domains plus one lone-pair domain.
כרטיס 63
שאלה
What is the electron geometry around A in AX₂E₃?
תשובה
Trigonal bipyramidal: two bonding domains plus three lone-pair domains.
כרטיס 64
שאלה
What molecular shape does VSEPR predict for an isolated SF₆ molecule?
תשובה
Octahedral. Sulfur has six bonded fluorine atoms and no lone pairs.
כרטיס 65
שאלה
Which bond angles occur in an idealized T-shaped AX₃E₂ arrangement?
תשובה
90° and 180°. These are parent-geometry benchmarks; a real molecule can be distorted.
כרטיס 66
שאלה
What is the electron geometry around A in AX₄E₂?
תשובה
Octahedral: four bonding domains plus two lone-pair domains.
כרטיס 67
שאלה
Why does an octahedral VSEPR arrangement have six domains despite the name’s reference to eight?
תשובה
The six domains point toward the six vertices of an octahedron. Eight refers to the solid’s faces.
כרטיס 68
שאלה
Why does a lone pair in AX₄E favor an equatorial site over an axial site?
תשובה
An equatorial site has two 90° interactions with other domains; an axial site has three. The equatorial choice reduces these close repulsions.
כרטיס 69
שאלה
Which common AXE cases give a linear molecular shape with two or five total domains?
תשובה
AX₂ with two domains, and AX₂E₃ with five domains. A linear shape alone does not determine the electron geometry.
כרטיס 70
שאלה
Which bond angles occur in an idealized square-pyramidal AX₅E arrangement?
תשובה
90° and 180°. Actual angles can deviate from these octahedral parent benchmarks.
כרטיס 71
שאלה
A VSEPR center is square planar with six total domains. What is its AXE notation?
תשובה
AX₄E₂.
כרטיס 72
שאלה
A learner assigns every bent molecule the same bond angle. What information are they missing?
תשובה
The electron-domain arrangement and the particular molecule. Bent includes AX₂E and AX₂E₂, and actual angles depend on the species.
כרטיס 73
שאלה
A learner calls NH₃ tetrahedral because nitrogen has four domains. What shape distinction resolves the error?
תשובה
Tetrahedral is its electron geometry. Its molecular geometry is trigonal pyramidal because only the three bonded atoms define that shape.
כרטיס 74
שאלה
Why can four bonded atoms give tetrahedral AX₄ but square planar AX₄E₂?
תשובה
AX₄ has four total domains. AX₄E₂ has six total domains, with two opposite lone pairs in an octahedral arrangement.
כרטיס 75
שאלה
Which ideal parent angles are the benchmarks for an AX₄E seesaw arrangement?
תשובה
90°, 120°, and 180° from trigonal-bipyramidal electron geometry. Lone-pair repulsion can distort the actual bond angles.
כרטיס 76
שאלה
What molecular shape does VSEPR predict for an isolated PF₅ molecule?
תשובה
Trigonal bipyramidal. Phosphorus has five bonded fluorine atoms and no lone pairs.
כרטיס 77
שאלה
What is the electron geometry around A in AX₂E₂?
תשובה
Tetrahedral: two bonding domains plus two lone-pair domains.
כרטיס 78
שאלה
Which X–A–X bond angles occur in an ideal square-planar AX₄E₂ arrangement?
תשובה
90° between adjacent bonds and 180° between opposite bonds.
78 כרטיסים
VSEPR Flashcards: Molecular Geometry & Bond Angles
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