VSEPR Flashcards: Molecular Geometry & Bond Angles
Practice VSEPR shapes, electron geometry, lone pairs, AXE notation, and ideal bond angles with 78 focused English flashcards.
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Practice VSEPR molecular geometry with 78 English flashcards for high-school and introductory-college chemistry. You should already be able to read simple formulas and Lewis structures. This is focused shape prediction and recall, not a complete chemistry course.
Cards map electron-domain counts to electron geometry; AXE notation to molecular shape and, where lone pairs change the shape, to electron geometry; and selected molecular formulas to shape. Separate prompts retrieve ideal bond-angle benchmarks. A few reverse prompts recover AXE notation from a shape plus its domain count. Contrast and error-diagnosis questions distinguish electron geometry from molecular geometry, count multiple bonds correctly, and show why a shape name alone may not determine the domain count or an exact angle.
The 13 cases are AX₂; AX₃ and AX₂E; AX₄, AX₃E, and AX₂E₂; AX₅, AX₄E, AX₃E₂, and AX₂E₃; and AX₆, AX₅E, and AX₄E₂. Later cards cover axial and equatorial sites, usual lone-pair placements, and ideal versus actual angles. The sequence starts with domains and notation, develops two-to-four-domain cases, then interleaves five- and six-domain cases before final comparisons. Related prompts are separated; the review scheduler handles longer-term spacing.
Practice is text based. Diagram identification, exhaustive Lewis-structure construction, formal charges, polarity, radicals, transition-metal coordination, seven-domain cases, hybridization, and molecular-orbital theory are excluded to keep the deck focused. Shape-to-molecule lists and every possible reverse mapping are omitted because many answers would be valid. Numerical species-angle tables are omitted: ideal benchmarks do not give exact measured angles for every molecule.
All cards carry the VSEPR tag. Original questions, answers, organization, and metadata were prepared with AI assistance and checked against university chemistry references. The cover is an original AI-generated illustration of a generic tetrahedral model; its colors do not identify elements. No source prose, diagrams, competitor cards, or examination questions were copied. Common chemical facts are not claimed as proprietary. Original material, including the generated cover to the extent applicable rights exist, is dedicated under CC0 1.0. This is independent study material, with no university, course, or examination endorsement.
بطاقات هذه الرزمة
البطاقة ١
السؤال
In VSEPR, what is an electron domain around a central atom?
الإجابة
A region of electron density: one bond to a neighboring atom, regardless of bond order, or one lone pair.
البطاقة ٢
السؤال
What does the VSEPR model use to predict a central atom’s geometry?
الإجابة
Repulsion between electron domains. The domains favor an arrangement that reduces their mutual repulsion.
البطاقة ٣
السؤال
In AXₙEₘ notation, what does A represent?
الإجابة
The central atom whose local geometry is being described.
البطاقة ٤
السؤال
How do electron geometry and molecular geometry differ in VSEPR?
الإجابة
Electron geometry includes all electron domains. Molecular geometry describes the arrangement of atoms around the central atom, leaving lone pairs out of the shape name.
البطاقة ٥
السؤال
How many VSEPR domains does one triple bond contribute at either bonded atom?
الإجابة
One domain. Three shared electron pairs occupy one bonding direction.
البطاقة ٦
السؤال
In AXₙEₘ notation, what does n count?
الإجابة
Atoms directly bonded to the central atom. A double or triple bond still contributes one X.
البطاقة ٧
السؤال
For a molecule with several central atoms, where do you apply VSEPR?
الإجابة
At each central atom separately, using its own bonded neighbors and lone pairs.
البطاقة ٨
السؤال
In AXₙEₘ notation, what does m count?
الإجابة
Lone pairs on the central atom. E counts pairs, not individual electrons.
البطاقة ٩
السؤال
For an AXₙEₘ center in the usual closed-shell VSEPR model, how many electron domains are present?
الإجابة
n + m domains: bonded neighbors plus lone pairs.
البطاقة ١٠
السؤال
VSEPR molecular shape of AX₂, with no lone pairs on A?
الإجابة
Linear. The two bonded atoms lie on opposite sides of the central atom.
البطاقة ١١
السؤال
VSEPR molecular shape of AX₃, with no lone pairs on A?
الإجابة
Trigonal planar. The central atom and three bonded atoms lie in one plane.
البطاقة ١٢
السؤال
In an X–A–X bond angle, at which atom is the angle measured?
الإجابة
At A, the central atom, between the two bonds to X atoms.
البطاقة ١٣
السؤال
Does a lone pair count as one VSEPR domain or two?
الإجابة
One domain. The pair contains two electrons, but it occupies one region around the central atom.
البطاقة ١٤
السؤال
VSEPR molecular shape of AX₄, with no lone pairs on A?
الإجابة
Tetrahedral. The four bonded atoms occupy the corners of a tetrahedron around A.
البطاقة ١٥
السؤال
VSEPR molecular shape of AX₂E?
الإجابة
Bent, also called angular or V-shaped. There are two bonded atoms and one lone pair around A.
البطاقة ١٦
السؤال
What is the ideal X–A–X bond angle in AX₂ with no lone pairs?
الإجابة
180°.
البطاقة ١٧
السؤال
What electron geometry does VSEPR assign to three domains around a central atom?
الإجابة
Trigonal planar.
البطاقة ١٨
السؤال
VSEPR molecular shape of AX₃E?
الإجابة
Trigonal pyramidal. Three bonded atoms and one lone pair occupy four electron domains.
البطاقة ١٩
السؤال
What is the ideal X–A–X bond angle in tetrahedral AX₄?
الإجابة
About 109.5°.
البطاقة ٢٠
السؤال
A central atom has two bonded neighbors and two lone pairs. What is its AXE notation?
الإجابة
AX₂E₂.
البطاقة ٢١
السؤال
What is the ideal X–A–X bond angle in trigonal planar AX₃?
الإجابة
120°.
البطاقة ٢٢
السؤال
VSEPR molecular shape of AX₂E₂?
الإجابة
Bent, also called angular or V-shaped. Two lone pairs occupy the other two domains.
البطاقة ٢٣
السؤال
What is the electron geometry around A in AX₃E?
الإجابة
Tetrahedral: three bonding domains plus one lone-pair domain.
البطاقة ٢٤
السؤال
In O=C=O, how many electron domains surround carbon?
الإجابة
Two domains. Each C=O double bond counts once.
البطاقة ٢٥
السؤال
What is the electron geometry around A in AX₂E?
الإجابة
Trigonal planar: two bonding domains plus one lone-pair domain.
البطاقة ٢٦
السؤال
What molecular shape does VSEPR predict around carbon in CH₄?
الإجابة
Tetrahedral. Carbon has four bonded neighbors and no lone pairs.
البطاقة ٢٧
السؤال
A learner counts a double bond as two VSEPR domains. What should they correct?
الإجابة
Count it as one domain. Bond order changes the number of shared electrons, not the number of bonded directions.
البطاقة ٢٨
السؤال
What molecular shape does VSEPR predict around nitrogen in NH₃?
الإجابة
Trigonal pyramidal. Nitrogen has three bonded neighbors and one lone pair.
البطاقة ٢٩
السؤال
What electron geometry does VSEPR assign to four domains around a central atom?
الإجابة
Tetrahedral.
البطاقة ٣٠
السؤال
What molecular shape does VSEPR predict around oxygen in H₂O?
الإجابة
Bent. Oxygen has two bonded neighbors and two lone pairs.
البطاقة ٣١
السؤال
What molecular shape does VSEPR predict around carbon in the carbonate ion, CO₃²⁻?
الإجابة
Trigonal planar. The three C–O bonding directions give three domains, even when a Lewis structure shows one double bond.
البطاقة ٣٢
السؤال
In the simple VSEPR model, how does a central lone pair usually affect neighboring bond angles?
الإجابة
It tends to compress nearby bond angles because its electron density occupies more space near the central atom. This is a qualitative tendency, not a fixed number of degrees.
البطاقة ٣٣
السؤال
A VSEPR center is trigonal pyramidal with four total domains. What is its AXE notation?
الإجابة
AX₃E: three bonded atoms and one lone pair.
البطاقة ٣٤
السؤال
Which two common AXE cases give a bent molecular shape with three or four total domains?
الإجابة
AX₂E with three domains, and AX₂E₂ with four domains. Their electron geometries differ.
البطاقة ٣٥
السؤال
What electron geometry does VSEPR assign to five domains around a central atom?
الإجابة
Trigonal bipyramidal.
البطاقة ٣٦
السؤال
What electron geometry does VSEPR assign to six domains around a central atom?
الإجابة
Octahedral.
البطاقة ٣٧
السؤال
Does an ideal VSEPR angle give the exact measured angle in every molecule of that shape?
الإجابة
No. It is a geometric benchmark; lone pairs and the bonding environment can change actual angles.
البطاقة ٣٨
السؤال
How many axial and equatorial positions are in a trigonal bipyramid?
الإجابة
Two axial positions and three equatorial positions.
البطاقة ٣٩
السؤال
VSEPR molecular shape of AX₅, with no lone pairs on A?
الإجابة
Trigonal bipyramidal.
البطاقة ٤٠
السؤال
VSEPR molecular shape of AX₆, with no lone pairs on A?
الإجابة
Octahedral.
البطاقة ٤١
السؤال
VSEPR molecular shape of AX₄E in the usual lowest-repulsion arrangement?
الإجابة
Seesaw. The lone pair occupies an equatorial position in a trigonal-bipyramidal domain arrangement.
البطاقة ٤٢
السؤال
In an ideal trigonal bipyramid, what is the angle between two equatorial bonds?
الإجابة
120°.
البطاقة ٤٣
السؤال
VSEPR molecular shape of AX₃E₂ in the usual lowest-repulsion arrangement?
الإجابة
T-shaped. Both lone pairs occupy equatorial positions.
البطاقة ٤٤
السؤال
VSEPR molecular shape of AX₅E?
الإجابة
Square pyramidal. One lone pair occupies the sixth position of an octahedral domain arrangement.
البطاقة ٤٥
السؤال
In an ideal trigonal bipyramid, what is the angle between an axial bond and an equatorial bond?
الإجابة
90°.
البطاقة ٤٦
السؤال
VSEPR molecular shape of AX₂E₃ in the usual lowest-repulsion arrangement?
الإجابة
Linear. Three equatorial lone pairs leave the two bonded atoms in opposite axial positions.
البطاقة ٤٧
السؤال
VSEPR molecular shape of AX₄E₂ in the usual lowest-repulsion arrangement?
الإجابة
Square planar. Two opposite lone pairs leave four bonded atoms in a square around A.
البطاقة ٤٨
السؤال
In a trigonal-bipyramidal domain arrangement, which sites do lone pairs preferentially occupy?
الإجابة
Equatorial sites, in the usual VSEPR arrangements with one to three lone pairs.
البطاقة ٤٩
السؤال
Which X–A–X angles occur in an ideal octahedral AX₆ molecule?
الإجابة
90° between adjacent bonds and 180° between opposite bonds.
البطاقة ٥٠
السؤال
A VSEPR center has a seesaw shape and five total domains. What is its AXE notation?
الإجابة
AX₄E.
البطاقة ٥١
السؤال
A VSEPR center has a T-shaped molecular geometry and five total domains. What is its AXE notation?
الإجابة
AX₃E₂.
البطاقة ٥٢
السؤال
In an ideal trigonal bipyramid, what is the angle between its two axial bonds?
الإجابة
180°. The axial positions lie on opposite sides of the central atom.
البطاقة ٥٣
السؤال
A VSEPR center is square pyramidal with six total domains. What is its AXE notation?
الإجابة
AX₅E.
البطاقة ٥٤
السؤال
In the usual octahedral AX₄E₂ arrangement, how are the two lone pairs positioned relative to each other?
الإجابة
Opposite each other, 180° apart in the ideal domain arrangement.
البطاقة ٥٥
السؤال
What molecular shape does VSEPR predict for an isolated SF₄ molecule?
الإجابة
Seesaw. Sulfur has four bonded fluorine atoms and one lone pair.
البطاقة ٥٦
السؤال
What molecular shape does VSEPR predict for an isolated XeF₂ molecule?
الإجابة
Linear. Xenon has two bonded fluorine atoms and three lone pairs.
البطاقة ٥٧
السؤال
What is the electron geometry around A in AX₃E₂?
الإجابة
Trigonal bipyramidal: three bonding domains plus two lone-pair domains.
البطاقة ٥٨
السؤال
What molecular shape does VSEPR predict for an isolated BrF₅ molecule?
الإجابة
Square pyramidal. Bromine has five bonded fluorine atoms and one lone pair.
البطاقة ٥٩
السؤال
What molecular shape does VSEPR predict for an isolated XeF₄ molecule?
الإجابة
Square planar. Xenon has four bonded fluorine atoms and two opposite lone pairs.
البطاقة ٦٠
السؤال
What is the electron geometry around A in AX₄E?
الإجابة
Trigonal bipyramidal: four bonding domains plus one lone-pair domain.
البطاقة ٦١
السؤال
What molecular shape does VSEPR predict for an isolated ClF₃ molecule?
الإجابة
T-shaped. Chlorine has three bonded fluorine atoms and two equatorial lone pairs.
البطاقة ٦٢
السؤال
What is the electron geometry around A in AX₅E?
الإجابة
Octahedral: five bonding domains plus one lone-pair domain.
البطاقة ٦٣
السؤال
What is the electron geometry around A in AX₂E₃?
الإجابة
Trigonal bipyramidal: two bonding domains plus three lone-pair domains.
البطاقة ٦٤
السؤال
What molecular shape does VSEPR predict for an isolated SF₆ molecule?
الإجابة
Octahedral. Sulfur has six bonded fluorine atoms and no lone pairs.
البطاقة ٦٥
السؤال
Which bond angles occur in an idealized T-shaped AX₃E₂ arrangement?
الإجابة
90° and 180°. These are parent-geometry benchmarks; a real molecule can be distorted.
البطاقة ٦٦
السؤال
What is the electron geometry around A in AX₄E₂?
الإجابة
Octahedral: four bonding domains plus two lone-pair domains.
البطاقة ٦٧
السؤال
Why does an octahedral VSEPR arrangement have six domains despite the name’s reference to eight?
الإجابة
The six domains point toward the six vertices of an octahedron. Eight refers to the solid’s faces.
البطاقة ٦٨
السؤال
Why does a lone pair in AX₄E favor an equatorial site over an axial site?
الإجابة
An equatorial site has two 90° interactions with other domains; an axial site has three. The equatorial choice reduces these close repulsions.
البطاقة ٦٩
السؤال
Which common AXE cases give a linear molecular shape with two or five total domains?
الإجابة
AX₂ with two domains, and AX₂E₃ with five domains. A linear shape alone does not determine the electron geometry.
البطاقة ٧٠
السؤال
Which bond angles occur in an idealized square-pyramidal AX₅E arrangement?
الإجابة
90° and 180°. Actual angles can deviate from these octahedral parent benchmarks.
البطاقة ٧١
السؤال
A VSEPR center is square planar with six total domains. What is its AXE notation?
الإجابة
AX₄E₂.
البطاقة ٧٢
السؤال
A learner assigns every bent molecule the same bond angle. What information are they missing?
الإجابة
The electron-domain arrangement and the particular molecule. Bent includes AX₂E and AX₂E₂, and actual angles depend on the species.
البطاقة ٧٣
السؤال
A learner calls NH₃ tetrahedral because nitrogen has four domains. What shape distinction resolves the error?
الإجابة
Tetrahedral is its electron geometry. Its molecular geometry is trigonal pyramidal because only the three bonded atoms define that shape.
البطاقة ٧٤
السؤال
Why can four bonded atoms give tetrahedral AX₄ but square planar AX₄E₂?
الإجابة
AX₄ has four total domains. AX₄E₂ has six total domains, with two opposite lone pairs in an octahedral arrangement.
البطاقة ٧٥
السؤال
Which ideal parent angles are the benchmarks for an AX₄E seesaw arrangement?
الإجابة
90°, 120°, and 180° from trigonal-bipyramidal electron geometry. Lone-pair repulsion can distort the actual bond angles.
البطاقة ٧٦
السؤال
What molecular shape does VSEPR predict for an isolated PF₅ molecule?
الإجابة
Trigonal bipyramidal. Phosphorus has five bonded fluorine atoms and no lone pairs.
البطاقة ٧٧
السؤال
What is the electron geometry around A in AX₂E₂?
الإجابة
Tetrahedral: two bonding domains plus two lone-pair domains.
البطاقة ٧٨
السؤال
Which X–A–X bond angles occur in an ideal square-planar AX₄E₂ arrangement?
الإجابة
90° between adjacent bonds and 180° between opposite bonds.
٧٨ بطاقة
VSEPR Flashcards: Molecular Geometry & Bond Angles
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