VSEPR Flashcards: Molecular Geometry & Bond Angles
Practice VSEPR shapes, electron geometry, lone pairs, AXE notation, and ideal bond angles with 78 focused English flashcards.
Tentang dek ini
Practice VSEPR molecular geometry with 78 English flashcards for high-school and introductory-college chemistry. You should already be able to read simple formulas and Lewis structures. This is focused shape prediction and recall, not a complete chemistry course.
Cards map electron-domain counts to electron geometry; AXE notation to molecular shape and, where lone pairs change the shape, to electron geometry; and selected molecular formulas to shape. Separate prompts retrieve ideal bond-angle benchmarks. A few reverse prompts recover AXE notation from a shape plus its domain count. Contrast and error-diagnosis questions distinguish electron geometry from molecular geometry, count multiple bonds correctly, and show why a shape name alone may not determine the domain count or an exact angle.
The 13 cases are AX₂; AX₃ and AX₂E; AX₄, AX₃E, and AX₂E₂; AX₅, AX₄E, AX₃E₂, and AX₂E₃; and AX₆, AX₅E, and AX₄E₂. Later cards cover axial and equatorial sites, usual lone-pair placements, and ideal versus actual angles. The sequence starts with domains and notation, develops two-to-four-domain cases, then interleaves five- and six-domain cases before final comparisons. Related prompts are separated; the review scheduler handles longer-term spacing.
Practice is text based. Diagram identification, exhaustive Lewis-structure construction, formal charges, polarity, radicals, transition-metal coordination, seven-domain cases, hybridization, and molecular-orbital theory are excluded to keep the deck focused. Shape-to-molecule lists and every possible reverse mapping are omitted because many answers would be valid. Numerical species-angle tables are omitted: ideal benchmarks do not give exact measured angles for every molecule.
All cards carry the VSEPR tag. Original questions, answers, organization, and metadata were prepared with AI assistance and checked against university chemistry references. The cover is an original AI-generated illustration of a generic tetrahedral model; its colors do not identify elements. No source prose, diagrams, competitor cards, or examination questions were copied. Common chemical facts are not claimed as proprietary. Original material, including the generated cover to the extent applicable rights exist, is dedicated under CC0 1.0. This is independent study material, with no university, course, or examination endorsement.
Kartu dalam dek ini
Kartu 1
Pertanyaan
In VSEPR, what is an electron domain around a central atom?
Jawaban
A region of electron density: one bond to a neighboring atom, regardless of bond order, or one lone pair.
Kartu 2
Pertanyaan
What does the VSEPR model use to predict a central atom’s geometry?
Jawaban
Repulsion between electron domains. The domains favor an arrangement that reduces their mutual repulsion.
Kartu 3
Pertanyaan
In AXₙEₘ notation, what does A represent?
Jawaban
The central atom whose local geometry is being described.
Kartu 4
Pertanyaan
How do electron geometry and molecular geometry differ in VSEPR?
Jawaban
Electron geometry includes all electron domains. Molecular geometry describes the arrangement of atoms around the central atom, leaving lone pairs out of the shape name.
Kartu 5
Pertanyaan
How many VSEPR domains does one triple bond contribute at either bonded atom?
Jawaban
One domain. Three shared electron pairs occupy one bonding direction.
Kartu 6
Pertanyaan
In AXₙEₘ notation, what does n count?
Jawaban
Atoms directly bonded to the central atom. A double or triple bond still contributes one X.
Kartu 7
Pertanyaan
For a molecule with several central atoms, where do you apply VSEPR?
Jawaban
At each central atom separately, using its own bonded neighbors and lone pairs.
Kartu 8
Pertanyaan
In AXₙEₘ notation, what does m count?
Jawaban
Lone pairs on the central atom. E counts pairs, not individual electrons.
Kartu 9
Pertanyaan
For an AXₙEₘ center in the usual closed-shell VSEPR model, how many electron domains are present?
Jawaban
n + m domains: bonded neighbors plus lone pairs.
Kartu 10
Pertanyaan
VSEPR molecular shape of AX₂, with no lone pairs on A?
Jawaban
Linear. The two bonded atoms lie on opposite sides of the central atom.
Kartu 11
Pertanyaan
VSEPR molecular shape of AX₃, with no lone pairs on A?
Jawaban
Trigonal planar. The central atom and three bonded atoms lie in one plane.
Kartu 12
Pertanyaan
In an X–A–X bond angle, at which atom is the angle measured?
Jawaban
At A, the central atom, between the two bonds to X atoms.
Kartu 13
Pertanyaan
Does a lone pair count as one VSEPR domain or two?
Jawaban
One domain. The pair contains two electrons, but it occupies one region around the central atom.
Kartu 14
Pertanyaan
VSEPR molecular shape of AX₄, with no lone pairs on A?
Jawaban
Tetrahedral. The four bonded atoms occupy the corners of a tetrahedron around A.
Kartu 15
Pertanyaan
VSEPR molecular shape of AX₂E?
Jawaban
Bent, also called angular or V-shaped. There are two bonded atoms and one lone pair around A.
Kartu 16
Pertanyaan
What is the ideal X–A–X bond angle in AX₂ with no lone pairs?
Jawaban
180°.
Kartu 17
Pertanyaan
What electron geometry does VSEPR assign to three domains around a central atom?
Jawaban
Trigonal planar.
Kartu 18
Pertanyaan
VSEPR molecular shape of AX₃E?
Jawaban
Trigonal pyramidal. Three bonded atoms and one lone pair occupy four electron domains.
Kartu 19
Pertanyaan
What is the ideal X–A–X bond angle in tetrahedral AX₄?
Jawaban
About 109.5°.
Kartu 20
Pertanyaan
A central atom has two bonded neighbors and two lone pairs. What is its AXE notation?
Jawaban
AX₂E₂.
Kartu 21
Pertanyaan
What is the ideal X–A–X bond angle in trigonal planar AX₃?
Jawaban
120°.
Kartu 22
Pertanyaan
VSEPR molecular shape of AX₂E₂?
Jawaban
Bent, also called angular or V-shaped. Two lone pairs occupy the other two domains.
Kartu 23
Pertanyaan
What is the electron geometry around A in AX₃E?
Jawaban
Tetrahedral: three bonding domains plus one lone-pair domain.
Kartu 24
Pertanyaan
In O=C=O, how many electron domains surround carbon?
Jawaban
Two domains. Each C=O double bond counts once.
Kartu 25
Pertanyaan
What is the electron geometry around A in AX₂E?
Jawaban
Trigonal planar: two bonding domains plus one lone-pair domain.
Kartu 26
Pertanyaan
What molecular shape does VSEPR predict around carbon in CH₄?
Jawaban
Tetrahedral. Carbon has four bonded neighbors and no lone pairs.
Kartu 27
Pertanyaan
A learner counts a double bond as two VSEPR domains. What should they correct?
Jawaban
Count it as one domain. Bond order changes the number of shared electrons, not the number of bonded directions.
Kartu 28
Pertanyaan
What molecular shape does VSEPR predict around nitrogen in NH₃?
Jawaban
Trigonal pyramidal. Nitrogen has three bonded neighbors and one lone pair.
Kartu 29
Pertanyaan
What electron geometry does VSEPR assign to four domains around a central atom?
Jawaban
Tetrahedral.
Kartu 30
Pertanyaan
What molecular shape does VSEPR predict around oxygen in H₂O?
Jawaban
Bent. Oxygen has two bonded neighbors and two lone pairs.
Kartu 31
Pertanyaan
What molecular shape does VSEPR predict around carbon in the carbonate ion, CO₃²⁻?
Jawaban
Trigonal planar. The three C–O bonding directions give three domains, even when a Lewis structure shows one double bond.
Kartu 32
Pertanyaan
In the simple VSEPR model, how does a central lone pair usually affect neighboring bond angles?
Jawaban
It tends to compress nearby bond angles because its electron density occupies more space near the central atom. This is a qualitative tendency, not a fixed number of degrees.
Kartu 33
Pertanyaan
A VSEPR center is trigonal pyramidal with four total domains. What is its AXE notation?
Jawaban
AX₃E: three bonded atoms and one lone pair.
Kartu 34
Pertanyaan
Which two common AXE cases give a bent molecular shape with three or four total domains?
Jawaban
AX₂E with three domains, and AX₂E₂ with four domains. Their electron geometries differ.
Kartu 35
Pertanyaan
What electron geometry does VSEPR assign to five domains around a central atom?
Jawaban
Trigonal bipyramidal.
Kartu 36
Pertanyaan
What electron geometry does VSEPR assign to six domains around a central atom?
Jawaban
Octahedral.
Kartu 37
Pertanyaan
Does an ideal VSEPR angle give the exact measured angle in every molecule of that shape?
Jawaban
No. It is a geometric benchmark; lone pairs and the bonding environment can change actual angles.
Kartu 38
Pertanyaan
How many axial and equatorial positions are in a trigonal bipyramid?
Jawaban
Two axial positions and three equatorial positions.
Kartu 39
Pertanyaan
VSEPR molecular shape of AX₅, with no lone pairs on A?
Jawaban
Trigonal bipyramidal.
Kartu 40
Pertanyaan
VSEPR molecular shape of AX₆, with no lone pairs on A?
Jawaban
Octahedral.
Kartu 41
Pertanyaan
VSEPR molecular shape of AX₄E in the usual lowest-repulsion arrangement?
Jawaban
Seesaw. The lone pair occupies an equatorial position in a trigonal-bipyramidal domain arrangement.
Kartu 42
Pertanyaan
In an ideal trigonal bipyramid, what is the angle between two equatorial bonds?
Jawaban
120°.
Kartu 43
Pertanyaan
VSEPR molecular shape of AX₃E₂ in the usual lowest-repulsion arrangement?
Jawaban
T-shaped. Both lone pairs occupy equatorial positions.
Kartu 44
Pertanyaan
VSEPR molecular shape of AX₅E?
Jawaban
Square pyramidal. One lone pair occupies the sixth position of an octahedral domain arrangement.
Kartu 45
Pertanyaan
In an ideal trigonal bipyramid, what is the angle between an axial bond and an equatorial bond?
Jawaban
90°.
Kartu 46
Pertanyaan
VSEPR molecular shape of AX₂E₃ in the usual lowest-repulsion arrangement?
Jawaban
Linear. Three equatorial lone pairs leave the two bonded atoms in opposite axial positions.
Kartu 47
Pertanyaan
VSEPR molecular shape of AX₄E₂ in the usual lowest-repulsion arrangement?
Jawaban
Square planar. Two opposite lone pairs leave four bonded atoms in a square around A.
Kartu 48
Pertanyaan
In a trigonal-bipyramidal domain arrangement, which sites do lone pairs preferentially occupy?
Jawaban
Equatorial sites, in the usual VSEPR arrangements with one to three lone pairs.
Kartu 49
Pertanyaan
Which X–A–X angles occur in an ideal octahedral AX₆ molecule?
Jawaban
90° between adjacent bonds and 180° between opposite bonds.
Kartu 50
Pertanyaan
A VSEPR center has a seesaw shape and five total domains. What is its AXE notation?
Jawaban
AX₄E.
Kartu 51
Pertanyaan
A VSEPR center has a T-shaped molecular geometry and five total domains. What is its AXE notation?
Jawaban
AX₃E₂.
Kartu 52
Pertanyaan
In an ideal trigonal bipyramid, what is the angle between its two axial bonds?
Jawaban
180°. The axial positions lie on opposite sides of the central atom.
Kartu 53
Pertanyaan
A VSEPR center is square pyramidal with six total domains. What is its AXE notation?
Jawaban
AX₅E.
Kartu 54
Pertanyaan
In the usual octahedral AX₄E₂ arrangement, how are the two lone pairs positioned relative to each other?
Jawaban
Opposite each other, 180° apart in the ideal domain arrangement.
Kartu 55
Pertanyaan
What molecular shape does VSEPR predict for an isolated SF₄ molecule?
Jawaban
Seesaw. Sulfur has four bonded fluorine atoms and one lone pair.
Kartu 56
Pertanyaan
What molecular shape does VSEPR predict for an isolated XeF₂ molecule?
Jawaban
Linear. Xenon has two bonded fluorine atoms and three lone pairs.
Kartu 57
Pertanyaan
What is the electron geometry around A in AX₃E₂?
Jawaban
Trigonal bipyramidal: three bonding domains plus two lone-pair domains.
Kartu 58
Pertanyaan
What molecular shape does VSEPR predict for an isolated BrF₅ molecule?
Jawaban
Square pyramidal. Bromine has five bonded fluorine atoms and one lone pair.
Kartu 59
Pertanyaan
What molecular shape does VSEPR predict for an isolated XeF₄ molecule?
Jawaban
Square planar. Xenon has four bonded fluorine atoms and two opposite lone pairs.
Kartu 60
Pertanyaan
What is the electron geometry around A in AX₄E?
Jawaban
Trigonal bipyramidal: four bonding domains plus one lone-pair domain.
Kartu 61
Pertanyaan
What molecular shape does VSEPR predict for an isolated ClF₃ molecule?
Jawaban
T-shaped. Chlorine has three bonded fluorine atoms and two equatorial lone pairs.
Kartu 62
Pertanyaan
What is the electron geometry around A in AX₅E?
Jawaban
Octahedral: five bonding domains plus one lone-pair domain.
Kartu 63
Pertanyaan
What is the electron geometry around A in AX₂E₃?
Jawaban
Trigonal bipyramidal: two bonding domains plus three lone-pair domains.
Kartu 64
Pertanyaan
What molecular shape does VSEPR predict for an isolated SF₆ molecule?
Jawaban
Octahedral. Sulfur has six bonded fluorine atoms and no lone pairs.
Kartu 65
Pertanyaan
Which bond angles occur in an idealized T-shaped AX₃E₂ arrangement?
Jawaban
90° and 180°. These are parent-geometry benchmarks; a real molecule can be distorted.
Kartu 66
Pertanyaan
What is the electron geometry around A in AX₄E₂?
Jawaban
Octahedral: four bonding domains plus two lone-pair domains.
Kartu 67
Pertanyaan
Why does an octahedral VSEPR arrangement have six domains despite the name’s reference to eight?
Jawaban
The six domains point toward the six vertices of an octahedron. Eight refers to the solid’s faces.
Kartu 68
Pertanyaan
Why does a lone pair in AX₄E favor an equatorial site over an axial site?
Jawaban
An equatorial site has two 90° interactions with other domains; an axial site has three. The equatorial choice reduces these close repulsions.
Kartu 69
Pertanyaan
Which common AXE cases give a linear molecular shape with two or five total domains?
Jawaban
AX₂ with two domains, and AX₂E₃ with five domains. A linear shape alone does not determine the electron geometry.
Kartu 70
Pertanyaan
Which bond angles occur in an idealized square-pyramidal AX₅E arrangement?
Jawaban
90° and 180°. Actual angles can deviate from these octahedral parent benchmarks.
Kartu 71
Pertanyaan
A VSEPR center is square planar with six total domains. What is its AXE notation?
Jawaban
AX₄E₂.
Kartu 72
Pertanyaan
A learner assigns every bent molecule the same bond angle. What information are they missing?
Jawaban
The electron-domain arrangement and the particular molecule. Bent includes AX₂E and AX₂E₂, and actual angles depend on the species.
Kartu 73
Pertanyaan
A learner calls NH₃ tetrahedral because nitrogen has four domains. What shape distinction resolves the error?
Jawaban
Tetrahedral is its electron geometry. Its molecular geometry is trigonal pyramidal because only the three bonded atoms define that shape.
Kartu 74
Pertanyaan
Why can four bonded atoms give tetrahedral AX₄ but square planar AX₄E₂?
Jawaban
AX₄ has four total domains. AX₄E₂ has six total domains, with two opposite lone pairs in an octahedral arrangement.
Kartu 75
Pertanyaan
Which ideal parent angles are the benchmarks for an AX₄E seesaw arrangement?
Jawaban
90°, 120°, and 180° from trigonal-bipyramidal electron geometry. Lone-pair repulsion can distort the actual bond angles.
Kartu 76
Pertanyaan
What molecular shape does VSEPR predict for an isolated PF₅ molecule?
Jawaban
Trigonal bipyramidal. Phosphorus has five bonded fluorine atoms and no lone pairs.
Kartu 77
Pertanyaan
What is the electron geometry around A in AX₂E₂?
Jawaban
Tetrahedral: two bonding domains plus two lone-pair domains.
Kartu 78
Pertanyaan
Which X–A–X bond angles occur in an ideal square-planar AX₄E₂ arrangement?
Jawaban
90° between adjacent bonds and 180° between opposite bonds.
78 kartu
VSEPR Flashcards: Molecular Geometry & Bond Angles
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