VSEPR Flashcards: Molecular Geometry & Bond Angles
Practice VSEPR shapes, electron geometry, lone pairs, AXE notation, and ideal bond angles with 78 focused English flashcards.
O tej talii
Practice VSEPR molecular geometry with 78 English flashcards for high-school and introductory-college chemistry. You should already be able to read simple formulas and Lewis structures. This is focused shape prediction and recall, not a complete chemistry course.
Cards map electron-domain counts to electron geometry; AXE notation to molecular shape and, where lone pairs change the shape, to electron geometry; and selected molecular formulas to shape. Separate prompts retrieve ideal bond-angle benchmarks. A few reverse prompts recover AXE notation from a shape plus its domain count. Contrast and error-diagnosis questions distinguish electron geometry from molecular geometry, count multiple bonds correctly, and show why a shape name alone may not determine the domain count or an exact angle.
The 13 cases are AX₂; AX₃ and AX₂E; AX₄, AX₃E, and AX₂E₂; AX₅, AX₄E, AX₃E₂, and AX₂E₃; and AX₆, AX₅E, and AX₄E₂. Later cards cover axial and equatorial sites, usual lone-pair placements, and ideal versus actual angles. The sequence starts with domains and notation, develops two-to-four-domain cases, then interleaves five- and six-domain cases before final comparisons. Related prompts are separated; the review scheduler handles longer-term spacing.
Practice is text based. Diagram identification, exhaustive Lewis-structure construction, formal charges, polarity, radicals, transition-metal coordination, seven-domain cases, hybridization, and molecular-orbital theory are excluded to keep the deck focused. Shape-to-molecule lists and every possible reverse mapping are omitted because many answers would be valid. Numerical species-angle tables are omitted: ideal benchmarks do not give exact measured angles for every molecule.
All cards carry the VSEPR tag. Original questions, answers, organization, and metadata were prepared with AI assistance and checked against university chemistry references. The cover is an original AI-generated illustration of a generic tetrahedral model; its colors do not identify elements. No source prose, diagrams, competitor cards, or examination questions were copied. Common chemical facts are not claimed as proprietary. Original material, including the generated cover to the extent applicable rights exist, is dedicated under CC0 1.0. This is independent study material, with no university, course, or examination endorsement.
Karty w tej talii
Karta 1
Pytanie
In VSEPR, what is an electron domain around a central atom?
Odpowiedź
A region of electron density: one bond to a neighboring atom, regardless of bond order, or one lone pair.
Karta 2
Pytanie
What does the VSEPR model use to predict a central atom’s geometry?
Odpowiedź
Repulsion between electron domains. The domains favor an arrangement that reduces their mutual repulsion.
Karta 3
Pytanie
In AXₙEₘ notation, what does A represent?
Odpowiedź
The central atom whose local geometry is being described.
Karta 4
Pytanie
How do electron geometry and molecular geometry differ in VSEPR?
Odpowiedź
Electron geometry includes all electron domains. Molecular geometry describes the arrangement of atoms around the central atom, leaving lone pairs out of the shape name.
Karta 5
Pytanie
How many VSEPR domains does one triple bond contribute at either bonded atom?
Odpowiedź
One domain. Three shared electron pairs occupy one bonding direction.
Karta 6
Pytanie
In AXₙEₘ notation, what does n count?
Odpowiedź
Atoms directly bonded to the central atom. A double or triple bond still contributes one X.
Karta 7
Pytanie
For a molecule with several central atoms, where do you apply VSEPR?
Odpowiedź
At each central atom separately, using its own bonded neighbors and lone pairs.
Karta 8
Pytanie
In AXₙEₘ notation, what does m count?
Odpowiedź
Lone pairs on the central atom. E counts pairs, not individual electrons.
Karta 9
Pytanie
For an AXₙEₘ center in the usual closed-shell VSEPR model, how many electron domains are present?
Odpowiedź
n + m domains: bonded neighbors plus lone pairs.
Karta 10
Pytanie
VSEPR molecular shape of AX₂, with no lone pairs on A?
Odpowiedź
Linear. The two bonded atoms lie on opposite sides of the central atom.
Karta 11
Pytanie
VSEPR molecular shape of AX₃, with no lone pairs on A?
Odpowiedź
Trigonal planar. The central atom and three bonded atoms lie in one plane.
Karta 12
Pytanie
In an X–A–X bond angle, at which atom is the angle measured?
Odpowiedź
At A, the central atom, between the two bonds to X atoms.
Karta 13
Pytanie
Does a lone pair count as one VSEPR domain or two?
Odpowiedź
One domain. The pair contains two electrons, but it occupies one region around the central atom.
Karta 14
Pytanie
VSEPR molecular shape of AX₄, with no lone pairs on A?
Odpowiedź
Tetrahedral. The four bonded atoms occupy the corners of a tetrahedron around A.
Karta 15
Pytanie
VSEPR molecular shape of AX₂E?
Odpowiedź
Bent, also called angular or V-shaped. There are two bonded atoms and one lone pair around A.
Karta 16
Pytanie
What is the ideal X–A–X bond angle in AX₂ with no lone pairs?
Odpowiedź
180°.
Karta 17
Pytanie
What electron geometry does VSEPR assign to three domains around a central atom?
Odpowiedź
Trigonal planar.
Karta 18
Pytanie
VSEPR molecular shape of AX₃E?
Odpowiedź
Trigonal pyramidal. Three bonded atoms and one lone pair occupy four electron domains.
Karta 19
Pytanie
What is the ideal X–A–X bond angle in tetrahedral AX₄?
Odpowiedź
About 109.5°.
Karta 20
Pytanie
A central atom has two bonded neighbors and two lone pairs. What is its AXE notation?
Odpowiedź
AX₂E₂.
Karta 21
Pytanie
What is the ideal X–A–X bond angle in trigonal planar AX₃?
Odpowiedź
120°.
Karta 22
Pytanie
VSEPR molecular shape of AX₂E₂?
Odpowiedź
Bent, also called angular or V-shaped. Two lone pairs occupy the other two domains.
Karta 23
Pytanie
What is the electron geometry around A in AX₃E?
Odpowiedź
Tetrahedral: three bonding domains plus one lone-pair domain.
Karta 24
Pytanie
In O=C=O, how many electron domains surround carbon?
Odpowiedź
Two domains. Each C=O double bond counts once.
Karta 25
Pytanie
What is the electron geometry around A in AX₂E?
Odpowiedź
Trigonal planar: two bonding domains plus one lone-pair domain.
Karta 26
Pytanie
What molecular shape does VSEPR predict around carbon in CH₄?
Odpowiedź
Tetrahedral. Carbon has four bonded neighbors and no lone pairs.
Karta 27
Pytanie
A learner counts a double bond as two VSEPR domains. What should they correct?
Odpowiedź
Count it as one domain. Bond order changes the number of shared electrons, not the number of bonded directions.
Karta 28
Pytanie
What molecular shape does VSEPR predict around nitrogen in NH₃?
Odpowiedź
Trigonal pyramidal. Nitrogen has three bonded neighbors and one lone pair.
Karta 29
Pytanie
What electron geometry does VSEPR assign to four domains around a central atom?
Odpowiedź
Tetrahedral.
Karta 30
Pytanie
What molecular shape does VSEPR predict around oxygen in H₂O?
Odpowiedź
Bent. Oxygen has two bonded neighbors and two lone pairs.
Karta 31
Pytanie
What molecular shape does VSEPR predict around carbon in the carbonate ion, CO₃²⁻?
Odpowiedź
Trigonal planar. The three C–O bonding directions give three domains, even when a Lewis structure shows one double bond.
Karta 32
Pytanie
In the simple VSEPR model, how does a central lone pair usually affect neighboring bond angles?
Odpowiedź
It tends to compress nearby bond angles because its electron density occupies more space near the central atom. This is a qualitative tendency, not a fixed number of degrees.
Karta 33
Pytanie
A VSEPR center is trigonal pyramidal with four total domains. What is its AXE notation?
Odpowiedź
AX₃E: three bonded atoms and one lone pair.
Karta 34
Pytanie
Which two common AXE cases give a bent molecular shape with three or four total domains?
Odpowiedź
AX₂E with three domains, and AX₂E₂ with four domains. Their electron geometries differ.
Karta 35
Pytanie
What electron geometry does VSEPR assign to five domains around a central atom?
Odpowiedź
Trigonal bipyramidal.
Karta 36
Pytanie
What electron geometry does VSEPR assign to six domains around a central atom?
Odpowiedź
Octahedral.
Karta 37
Pytanie
Does an ideal VSEPR angle give the exact measured angle in every molecule of that shape?
Odpowiedź
No. It is a geometric benchmark; lone pairs and the bonding environment can change actual angles.
Karta 38
Pytanie
How many axial and equatorial positions are in a trigonal bipyramid?
Odpowiedź
Two axial positions and three equatorial positions.
Karta 39
Pytanie
VSEPR molecular shape of AX₅, with no lone pairs on A?
Odpowiedź
Trigonal bipyramidal.
Karta 40
Pytanie
VSEPR molecular shape of AX₆, with no lone pairs on A?
Odpowiedź
Octahedral.
Karta 41
Pytanie
VSEPR molecular shape of AX₄E in the usual lowest-repulsion arrangement?
Odpowiedź
Seesaw. The lone pair occupies an equatorial position in a trigonal-bipyramidal domain arrangement.
Karta 42
Pytanie
In an ideal trigonal bipyramid, what is the angle between two equatorial bonds?
Odpowiedź
120°.
Karta 43
Pytanie
VSEPR molecular shape of AX₃E₂ in the usual lowest-repulsion arrangement?
Odpowiedź
T-shaped. Both lone pairs occupy equatorial positions.
Karta 44
Pytanie
VSEPR molecular shape of AX₅E?
Odpowiedź
Square pyramidal. One lone pair occupies the sixth position of an octahedral domain arrangement.
Karta 45
Pytanie
In an ideal trigonal bipyramid, what is the angle between an axial bond and an equatorial bond?
Odpowiedź
90°.
Karta 46
Pytanie
VSEPR molecular shape of AX₂E₃ in the usual lowest-repulsion arrangement?
Odpowiedź
Linear. Three equatorial lone pairs leave the two bonded atoms in opposite axial positions.
Karta 47
Pytanie
VSEPR molecular shape of AX₄E₂ in the usual lowest-repulsion arrangement?
Odpowiedź
Square planar. Two opposite lone pairs leave four bonded atoms in a square around A.
Karta 48
Pytanie
In a trigonal-bipyramidal domain arrangement, which sites do lone pairs preferentially occupy?
Odpowiedź
Equatorial sites, in the usual VSEPR arrangements with one to three lone pairs.
Karta 49
Pytanie
Which X–A–X angles occur in an ideal octahedral AX₆ molecule?
Odpowiedź
90° between adjacent bonds and 180° between opposite bonds.
Karta 50
Pytanie
A VSEPR center has a seesaw shape and five total domains. What is its AXE notation?
Odpowiedź
AX₄E.
Karta 51
Pytanie
A VSEPR center has a T-shaped molecular geometry and five total domains. What is its AXE notation?
Odpowiedź
AX₃E₂.
Karta 52
Pytanie
In an ideal trigonal bipyramid, what is the angle between its two axial bonds?
Odpowiedź
180°. The axial positions lie on opposite sides of the central atom.
Karta 53
Pytanie
A VSEPR center is square pyramidal with six total domains. What is its AXE notation?
Odpowiedź
AX₅E.
Karta 54
Pytanie
In the usual octahedral AX₄E₂ arrangement, how are the two lone pairs positioned relative to each other?
Odpowiedź
Opposite each other, 180° apart in the ideal domain arrangement.
Karta 55
Pytanie
What molecular shape does VSEPR predict for an isolated SF₄ molecule?
Odpowiedź
Seesaw. Sulfur has four bonded fluorine atoms and one lone pair.
Karta 56
Pytanie
What molecular shape does VSEPR predict for an isolated XeF₂ molecule?
Odpowiedź
Linear. Xenon has two bonded fluorine atoms and three lone pairs.
Karta 57
Pytanie
What is the electron geometry around A in AX₃E₂?
Odpowiedź
Trigonal bipyramidal: three bonding domains plus two lone-pair domains.
Karta 58
Pytanie
What molecular shape does VSEPR predict for an isolated BrF₅ molecule?
Odpowiedź
Square pyramidal. Bromine has five bonded fluorine atoms and one lone pair.
Karta 59
Pytanie
What molecular shape does VSEPR predict for an isolated XeF₄ molecule?
Odpowiedź
Square planar. Xenon has four bonded fluorine atoms and two opposite lone pairs.
Karta 60
Pytanie
What is the electron geometry around A in AX₄E?
Odpowiedź
Trigonal bipyramidal: four bonding domains plus one lone-pair domain.
Karta 61
Pytanie
What molecular shape does VSEPR predict for an isolated ClF₃ molecule?
Odpowiedź
T-shaped. Chlorine has three bonded fluorine atoms and two equatorial lone pairs.
Karta 62
Pytanie
What is the electron geometry around A in AX₅E?
Odpowiedź
Octahedral: five bonding domains plus one lone-pair domain.
Karta 63
Pytanie
What is the electron geometry around A in AX₂E₃?
Odpowiedź
Trigonal bipyramidal: two bonding domains plus three lone-pair domains.
Karta 64
Pytanie
What molecular shape does VSEPR predict for an isolated SF₆ molecule?
Odpowiedź
Octahedral. Sulfur has six bonded fluorine atoms and no lone pairs.
Karta 65
Pytanie
Which bond angles occur in an idealized T-shaped AX₃E₂ arrangement?
Odpowiedź
90° and 180°. These are parent-geometry benchmarks; a real molecule can be distorted.
Karta 66
Pytanie
What is the electron geometry around A in AX₄E₂?
Odpowiedź
Octahedral: four bonding domains plus two lone-pair domains.
Karta 67
Pytanie
Why does an octahedral VSEPR arrangement have six domains despite the name’s reference to eight?
Odpowiedź
The six domains point toward the six vertices of an octahedron. Eight refers to the solid’s faces.
Karta 68
Pytanie
Why does a lone pair in AX₄E favor an equatorial site over an axial site?
Odpowiedź
An equatorial site has two 90° interactions with other domains; an axial site has three. The equatorial choice reduces these close repulsions.
Karta 69
Pytanie
Which common AXE cases give a linear molecular shape with two or five total domains?
Odpowiedź
AX₂ with two domains, and AX₂E₃ with five domains. A linear shape alone does not determine the electron geometry.
Karta 70
Pytanie
Which bond angles occur in an idealized square-pyramidal AX₅E arrangement?
Odpowiedź
90° and 180°. Actual angles can deviate from these octahedral parent benchmarks.
Karta 71
Pytanie
A VSEPR center is square planar with six total domains. What is its AXE notation?
Odpowiedź
AX₄E₂.
Karta 72
Pytanie
A learner assigns every bent molecule the same bond angle. What information are they missing?
Odpowiedź
The electron-domain arrangement and the particular molecule. Bent includes AX₂E and AX₂E₂, and actual angles depend on the species.
Karta 73
Pytanie
A learner calls NH₃ tetrahedral because nitrogen has four domains. What shape distinction resolves the error?
Odpowiedź
Tetrahedral is its electron geometry. Its molecular geometry is trigonal pyramidal because only the three bonded atoms define that shape.
Karta 74
Pytanie
Why can four bonded atoms give tetrahedral AX₄ but square planar AX₄E₂?
Odpowiedź
AX₄ has four total domains. AX₄E₂ has six total domains, with two opposite lone pairs in an octahedral arrangement.
Karta 75
Pytanie
Which ideal parent angles are the benchmarks for an AX₄E seesaw arrangement?
Odpowiedź
90°, 120°, and 180° from trigonal-bipyramidal electron geometry. Lone-pair repulsion can distort the actual bond angles.
Karta 76
Pytanie
What molecular shape does VSEPR predict for an isolated PF₅ molecule?
Odpowiedź
Trigonal bipyramidal. Phosphorus has five bonded fluorine atoms and no lone pairs.
Karta 77
Pytanie
What is the electron geometry around A in AX₂E₂?
Odpowiedź
Tetrahedral: two bonding domains plus two lone-pair domains.
Karta 78
Pytanie
Which X–A–X bond angles occur in an ideal square-planar AX₄E₂ arrangement?
Odpowiedź
90° between adjacent bonds and 180° between opposite bonds.
78 kart
VSEPR Flashcards: Molecular Geometry & Bond Angles
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