VSEPR Flashcards: Molecular Geometry & Bond Angles
Practice VSEPR shapes, electron geometry, lone pairs, AXE notation, and ideal bond angles with 78 focused English flashcards.
O tomto balíčku
Practice VSEPR molecular geometry with 78 English flashcards for high-school and introductory-college chemistry. You should already be able to read simple formulas and Lewis structures. This is focused shape prediction and recall, not a complete chemistry course.
Cards map electron-domain counts to electron geometry; AXE notation to molecular shape and, where lone pairs change the shape, to electron geometry; and selected molecular formulas to shape. Separate prompts retrieve ideal bond-angle benchmarks. A few reverse prompts recover AXE notation from a shape plus its domain count. Contrast and error-diagnosis questions distinguish electron geometry from molecular geometry, count multiple bonds correctly, and show why a shape name alone may not determine the domain count or an exact angle.
The 13 cases are AX₂; AX₃ and AX₂E; AX₄, AX₃E, and AX₂E₂; AX₅, AX₄E, AX₃E₂, and AX₂E₃; and AX₆, AX₅E, and AX₄E₂. Later cards cover axial and equatorial sites, usual lone-pair placements, and ideal versus actual angles. The sequence starts with domains and notation, develops two-to-four-domain cases, then interleaves five- and six-domain cases before final comparisons. Related prompts are separated; the review scheduler handles longer-term spacing.
Practice is text based. Diagram identification, exhaustive Lewis-structure construction, formal charges, polarity, radicals, transition-metal coordination, seven-domain cases, hybridization, and molecular-orbital theory are excluded to keep the deck focused. Shape-to-molecule lists and every possible reverse mapping are omitted because many answers would be valid. Numerical species-angle tables are omitted: ideal benchmarks do not give exact measured angles for every molecule.
All cards carry the VSEPR tag. Original questions, answers, organization, and metadata were prepared with AI assistance and checked against university chemistry references. The cover is an original AI-generated illustration of a generic tetrahedral model; its colors do not identify elements. No source prose, diagrams, competitor cards, or examination questions were copied. Common chemical facts are not claimed as proprietary. Original material, including the generated cover to the extent applicable rights exist, is dedicated under CC0 1.0. This is independent study material, with no university, course, or examination endorsement.
Kartičky v tomto balíčku
Kartička 1
Otázka
In VSEPR, what is an electron domain around a central atom?
Odpověď
A region of electron density: one bond to a neighboring atom, regardless of bond order, or one lone pair.
Kartička 2
Otázka
What does the VSEPR model use to predict a central atom’s geometry?
Odpověď
Repulsion between electron domains. The domains favor an arrangement that reduces their mutual repulsion.
Kartička 3
Otázka
In AXₙEₘ notation, what does A represent?
Odpověď
The central atom whose local geometry is being described.
Kartička 4
Otázka
How do electron geometry and molecular geometry differ in VSEPR?
Odpověď
Electron geometry includes all electron domains. Molecular geometry describes the arrangement of atoms around the central atom, leaving lone pairs out of the shape name.
Kartička 5
Otázka
How many VSEPR domains does one triple bond contribute at either bonded atom?
Odpověď
One domain. Three shared electron pairs occupy one bonding direction.
Kartička 6
Otázka
In AXₙEₘ notation, what does n count?
Odpověď
Atoms directly bonded to the central atom. A double or triple bond still contributes one X.
Kartička 7
Otázka
For a molecule with several central atoms, where do you apply VSEPR?
Odpověď
At each central atom separately, using its own bonded neighbors and lone pairs.
Kartička 8
Otázka
In AXₙEₘ notation, what does m count?
Odpověď
Lone pairs on the central atom. E counts pairs, not individual electrons.
Kartička 9
Otázka
For an AXₙEₘ center in the usual closed-shell VSEPR model, how many electron domains are present?
Odpověď
n + m domains: bonded neighbors plus lone pairs.
Kartička 10
Otázka
VSEPR molecular shape of AX₂, with no lone pairs on A?
Odpověď
Linear. The two bonded atoms lie on opposite sides of the central atom.
Kartička 11
Otázka
VSEPR molecular shape of AX₃, with no lone pairs on A?
Odpověď
Trigonal planar. The central atom and three bonded atoms lie in one plane.
Kartička 12
Otázka
In an X–A–X bond angle, at which atom is the angle measured?
Odpověď
At A, the central atom, between the two bonds to X atoms.
Kartička 13
Otázka
Does a lone pair count as one VSEPR domain or two?
Odpověď
One domain. The pair contains two electrons, but it occupies one region around the central atom.
Kartička 14
Otázka
VSEPR molecular shape of AX₄, with no lone pairs on A?
Odpověď
Tetrahedral. The four bonded atoms occupy the corners of a tetrahedron around A.
Kartička 15
Otázka
VSEPR molecular shape of AX₂E?
Odpověď
Bent, also called angular or V-shaped. There are two bonded atoms and one lone pair around A.
Kartička 16
Otázka
What is the ideal X–A–X bond angle in AX₂ with no lone pairs?
Odpověď
180°.
Kartička 17
Otázka
What electron geometry does VSEPR assign to three domains around a central atom?
Odpověď
Trigonal planar.
Kartička 18
Otázka
VSEPR molecular shape of AX₃E?
Odpověď
Trigonal pyramidal. Three bonded atoms and one lone pair occupy four electron domains.
Kartička 19
Otázka
What is the ideal X–A–X bond angle in tetrahedral AX₄?
Odpověď
About 109.5°.
Kartička 20
Otázka
A central atom has two bonded neighbors and two lone pairs. What is its AXE notation?
Odpověď
AX₂E₂.
Kartička 21
Otázka
What is the ideal X–A–X bond angle in trigonal planar AX₃?
Odpověď
120°.
Kartička 22
Otázka
VSEPR molecular shape of AX₂E₂?
Odpověď
Bent, also called angular or V-shaped. Two lone pairs occupy the other two domains.
Kartička 23
Otázka
What is the electron geometry around A in AX₃E?
Odpověď
Tetrahedral: three bonding domains plus one lone-pair domain.
Kartička 24
Otázka
In O=C=O, how many electron domains surround carbon?
Odpověď
Two domains. Each C=O double bond counts once.
Kartička 25
Otázka
What is the electron geometry around A in AX₂E?
Odpověď
Trigonal planar: two bonding domains plus one lone-pair domain.
Kartička 26
Otázka
What molecular shape does VSEPR predict around carbon in CH₄?
Odpověď
Tetrahedral. Carbon has four bonded neighbors and no lone pairs.
Kartička 27
Otázka
A learner counts a double bond as two VSEPR domains. What should they correct?
Odpověď
Count it as one domain. Bond order changes the number of shared electrons, not the number of bonded directions.
Kartička 28
Otázka
What molecular shape does VSEPR predict around nitrogen in NH₃?
Odpověď
Trigonal pyramidal. Nitrogen has three bonded neighbors and one lone pair.
Kartička 29
Otázka
What electron geometry does VSEPR assign to four domains around a central atom?
Odpověď
Tetrahedral.
Kartička 30
Otázka
What molecular shape does VSEPR predict around oxygen in H₂O?
Odpověď
Bent. Oxygen has two bonded neighbors and two lone pairs.
Kartička 31
Otázka
What molecular shape does VSEPR predict around carbon in the carbonate ion, CO₃²⁻?
Odpověď
Trigonal planar. The three C–O bonding directions give three domains, even when a Lewis structure shows one double bond.
Kartička 32
Otázka
In the simple VSEPR model, how does a central lone pair usually affect neighboring bond angles?
Odpověď
It tends to compress nearby bond angles because its electron density occupies more space near the central atom. This is a qualitative tendency, not a fixed number of degrees.
Kartička 33
Otázka
A VSEPR center is trigonal pyramidal with four total domains. What is its AXE notation?
Odpověď
AX₃E: three bonded atoms and one lone pair.
Kartička 34
Otázka
Which two common AXE cases give a bent molecular shape with three or four total domains?
Odpověď
AX₂E with three domains, and AX₂E₂ with four domains. Their electron geometries differ.
Kartička 35
Otázka
What electron geometry does VSEPR assign to five domains around a central atom?
Odpověď
Trigonal bipyramidal.
Kartička 36
Otázka
What electron geometry does VSEPR assign to six domains around a central atom?
Odpověď
Octahedral.
Kartička 37
Otázka
Does an ideal VSEPR angle give the exact measured angle in every molecule of that shape?
Odpověď
No. It is a geometric benchmark; lone pairs and the bonding environment can change actual angles.
Kartička 38
Otázka
How many axial and equatorial positions are in a trigonal bipyramid?
Odpověď
Two axial positions and three equatorial positions.
Kartička 39
Otázka
VSEPR molecular shape of AX₅, with no lone pairs on A?
Odpověď
Trigonal bipyramidal.
Kartička 40
Otázka
VSEPR molecular shape of AX₆, with no lone pairs on A?
Odpověď
Octahedral.
Kartička 41
Otázka
VSEPR molecular shape of AX₄E in the usual lowest-repulsion arrangement?
Odpověď
Seesaw. The lone pair occupies an equatorial position in a trigonal-bipyramidal domain arrangement.
Kartička 42
Otázka
In an ideal trigonal bipyramid, what is the angle between two equatorial bonds?
Odpověď
120°.
Kartička 43
Otázka
VSEPR molecular shape of AX₃E₂ in the usual lowest-repulsion arrangement?
Odpověď
T-shaped. Both lone pairs occupy equatorial positions.
Kartička 44
Otázka
VSEPR molecular shape of AX₅E?
Odpověď
Square pyramidal. One lone pair occupies the sixth position of an octahedral domain arrangement.
Kartička 45
Otázka
In an ideal trigonal bipyramid, what is the angle between an axial bond and an equatorial bond?
Odpověď
90°.
Kartička 46
Otázka
VSEPR molecular shape of AX₂E₃ in the usual lowest-repulsion arrangement?
Odpověď
Linear. Three equatorial lone pairs leave the two bonded atoms in opposite axial positions.
Kartička 47
Otázka
VSEPR molecular shape of AX₄E₂ in the usual lowest-repulsion arrangement?
Odpověď
Square planar. Two opposite lone pairs leave four bonded atoms in a square around A.
Kartička 48
Otázka
In a trigonal-bipyramidal domain arrangement, which sites do lone pairs preferentially occupy?
Odpověď
Equatorial sites, in the usual VSEPR arrangements with one to three lone pairs.
Kartička 49
Otázka
Which X–A–X angles occur in an ideal octahedral AX₆ molecule?
Odpověď
90° between adjacent bonds and 180° between opposite bonds.
Kartička 50
Otázka
A VSEPR center has a seesaw shape and five total domains. What is its AXE notation?
Odpověď
AX₄E.
Kartička 51
Otázka
A VSEPR center has a T-shaped molecular geometry and five total domains. What is its AXE notation?
Odpověď
AX₃E₂.
Kartička 52
Otázka
In an ideal trigonal bipyramid, what is the angle between its two axial bonds?
Odpověď
180°. The axial positions lie on opposite sides of the central atom.
Kartička 53
Otázka
A VSEPR center is square pyramidal with six total domains. What is its AXE notation?
Odpověď
AX₅E.
Kartička 54
Otázka
In the usual octahedral AX₄E₂ arrangement, how are the two lone pairs positioned relative to each other?
Odpověď
Opposite each other, 180° apart in the ideal domain arrangement.
Kartička 55
Otázka
What molecular shape does VSEPR predict for an isolated SF₄ molecule?
Odpověď
Seesaw. Sulfur has four bonded fluorine atoms and one lone pair.
Kartička 56
Otázka
What molecular shape does VSEPR predict for an isolated XeF₂ molecule?
Odpověď
Linear. Xenon has two bonded fluorine atoms and three lone pairs.
Kartička 57
Otázka
What is the electron geometry around A in AX₃E₂?
Odpověď
Trigonal bipyramidal: three bonding domains plus two lone-pair domains.
Kartička 58
Otázka
What molecular shape does VSEPR predict for an isolated BrF₅ molecule?
Odpověď
Square pyramidal. Bromine has five bonded fluorine atoms and one lone pair.
Kartička 59
Otázka
What molecular shape does VSEPR predict for an isolated XeF₄ molecule?
Odpověď
Square planar. Xenon has four bonded fluorine atoms and two opposite lone pairs.
Kartička 60
Otázka
What is the electron geometry around A in AX₄E?
Odpověď
Trigonal bipyramidal: four bonding domains plus one lone-pair domain.
Kartička 61
Otázka
What molecular shape does VSEPR predict for an isolated ClF₃ molecule?
Odpověď
T-shaped. Chlorine has three bonded fluorine atoms and two equatorial lone pairs.
Kartička 62
Otázka
What is the electron geometry around A in AX₅E?
Odpověď
Octahedral: five bonding domains plus one lone-pair domain.
Kartička 63
Otázka
What is the electron geometry around A in AX₂E₃?
Odpověď
Trigonal bipyramidal: two bonding domains plus three lone-pair domains.
Kartička 64
Otázka
What molecular shape does VSEPR predict for an isolated SF₆ molecule?
Odpověď
Octahedral. Sulfur has six bonded fluorine atoms and no lone pairs.
Kartička 65
Otázka
Which bond angles occur in an idealized T-shaped AX₃E₂ arrangement?
Odpověď
90° and 180°. These are parent-geometry benchmarks; a real molecule can be distorted.
Kartička 66
Otázka
What is the electron geometry around A in AX₄E₂?
Odpověď
Octahedral: four bonding domains plus two lone-pair domains.
Kartička 67
Otázka
Why does an octahedral VSEPR arrangement have six domains despite the name’s reference to eight?
Odpověď
The six domains point toward the six vertices of an octahedron. Eight refers to the solid’s faces.
Kartička 68
Otázka
Why does a lone pair in AX₄E favor an equatorial site over an axial site?
Odpověď
An equatorial site has two 90° interactions with other domains; an axial site has three. The equatorial choice reduces these close repulsions.
Kartička 69
Otázka
Which common AXE cases give a linear molecular shape with two or five total domains?
Odpověď
AX₂ with two domains, and AX₂E₃ with five domains. A linear shape alone does not determine the electron geometry.
Kartička 70
Otázka
Which bond angles occur in an idealized square-pyramidal AX₅E arrangement?
Odpověď
90° and 180°. Actual angles can deviate from these octahedral parent benchmarks.
Kartička 71
Otázka
A VSEPR center is square planar with six total domains. What is its AXE notation?
Odpověď
AX₄E₂.
Kartička 72
Otázka
A learner assigns every bent molecule the same bond angle. What information are they missing?
Odpověď
The electron-domain arrangement and the particular molecule. Bent includes AX₂E and AX₂E₂, and actual angles depend on the species.
Kartička 73
Otázka
A learner calls NH₃ tetrahedral because nitrogen has four domains. What shape distinction resolves the error?
Odpověď
Tetrahedral is its electron geometry. Its molecular geometry is trigonal pyramidal because only the three bonded atoms define that shape.
Kartička 74
Otázka
Why can four bonded atoms give tetrahedral AX₄ but square planar AX₄E₂?
Odpověď
AX₄ has four total domains. AX₄E₂ has six total domains, with two opposite lone pairs in an octahedral arrangement.
Kartička 75
Otázka
Which ideal parent angles are the benchmarks for an AX₄E seesaw arrangement?
Odpověď
90°, 120°, and 180° from trigonal-bipyramidal electron geometry. Lone-pair repulsion can distort the actual bond angles.
Kartička 76
Otázka
What molecular shape does VSEPR predict for an isolated PF₅ molecule?
Odpověď
Trigonal bipyramidal. Phosphorus has five bonded fluorine atoms and no lone pairs.
Kartička 77
Otázka
What is the electron geometry around A in AX₂E₂?
Odpověď
Tetrahedral: two bonding domains plus two lone-pair domains.
Kartička 78
Otázka
Which X–A–X bond angles occur in an ideal square-planar AX₄E₂ arrangement?
Odpověď
90° between adjacent bonds and 180° between opposite bonds.
78 kartiček
VSEPR Flashcards: Molecular Geometry & Bond Angles
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