VSEPR Flashcards: Molecular Geometry & Bond Angles
Practice VSEPR shapes, electron geometry, lone pairs, AXE notation, and ideal bond angles with 78 focused English flashcards.
За това тесте
Practice VSEPR molecular geometry with 78 English flashcards for high-school and introductory-college chemistry. You should already be able to read simple formulas and Lewis structures. This is focused shape prediction and recall, not a complete chemistry course.
Cards map electron-domain counts to electron geometry; AXE notation to molecular shape and, where lone pairs change the shape, to electron geometry; and selected molecular formulas to shape. Separate prompts retrieve ideal bond-angle benchmarks. A few reverse prompts recover AXE notation from a shape plus its domain count. Contrast and error-diagnosis questions distinguish electron geometry from molecular geometry, count multiple bonds correctly, and show why a shape name alone may not determine the domain count or an exact angle.
The 13 cases are AX₂; AX₃ and AX₂E; AX₄, AX₃E, and AX₂E₂; AX₅, AX₄E, AX₃E₂, and AX₂E₃; and AX₆, AX₅E, and AX₄E₂. Later cards cover axial and equatorial sites, usual lone-pair placements, and ideal versus actual angles. The sequence starts with domains and notation, develops two-to-four-domain cases, then interleaves five- and six-domain cases before final comparisons. Related prompts are separated; the review scheduler handles longer-term spacing.
Practice is text based. Diagram identification, exhaustive Lewis-structure construction, formal charges, polarity, radicals, transition-metal coordination, seven-domain cases, hybridization, and molecular-orbital theory are excluded to keep the deck focused. Shape-to-molecule lists and every possible reverse mapping are omitted because many answers would be valid. Numerical species-angle tables are omitted: ideal benchmarks do not give exact measured angles for every molecule.
All cards carry the VSEPR tag. Original questions, answers, organization, and metadata were prepared with AI assistance and checked against university chemistry references. The cover is an original AI-generated illustration of a generic tetrahedral model; its colors do not identify elements. No source prose, diagrams, competitor cards, or examination questions were copied. Common chemical facts are not claimed as proprietary. Original material, including the generated cover to the extent applicable rights exist, is dedicated under CC0 1.0. This is independent study material, with no university, course, or examination endorsement.
Карти в това тесте
Карта 1
Въпрос
In VSEPR, what is an electron domain around a central atom?
Отговор
A region of electron density: one bond to a neighboring atom, regardless of bond order, or one lone pair.
Карта 2
Въпрос
What does the VSEPR model use to predict a central atom’s geometry?
Отговор
Repulsion between electron domains. The domains favor an arrangement that reduces their mutual repulsion.
Карта 3
Въпрос
In AXₙEₘ notation, what does A represent?
Отговор
The central atom whose local geometry is being described.
Карта 4
Въпрос
How do electron geometry and molecular geometry differ in VSEPR?
Отговор
Electron geometry includes all electron domains. Molecular geometry describes the arrangement of atoms around the central atom, leaving lone pairs out of the shape name.
Карта 5
Въпрос
How many VSEPR domains does one triple bond contribute at either bonded atom?
Отговор
One domain. Three shared electron pairs occupy one bonding direction.
Карта 6
Въпрос
In AXₙEₘ notation, what does n count?
Отговор
Atoms directly bonded to the central atom. A double or triple bond still contributes one X.
Карта 7
Въпрос
For a molecule with several central atoms, where do you apply VSEPR?
Отговор
At each central atom separately, using its own bonded neighbors and lone pairs.
Карта 8
Въпрос
In AXₙEₘ notation, what does m count?
Отговор
Lone pairs on the central atom. E counts pairs, not individual electrons.
Карта 9
Въпрос
For an AXₙEₘ center in the usual closed-shell VSEPR model, how many electron domains are present?
Отговор
n + m domains: bonded neighbors plus lone pairs.
Карта 10
Въпрос
VSEPR molecular shape of AX₂, with no lone pairs on A?
Отговор
Linear. The two bonded atoms lie on opposite sides of the central atom.
Карта 11
Въпрос
VSEPR molecular shape of AX₃, with no lone pairs on A?
Отговор
Trigonal planar. The central atom and three bonded atoms lie in one plane.
Карта 12
Въпрос
In an X–A–X bond angle, at which atom is the angle measured?
Отговор
At A, the central atom, between the two bonds to X atoms.
Карта 13
Въпрос
Does a lone pair count as one VSEPR domain or two?
Отговор
One domain. The pair contains two electrons, but it occupies one region around the central atom.
Карта 14
Въпрос
VSEPR molecular shape of AX₄, with no lone pairs on A?
Отговор
Tetrahedral. The four bonded atoms occupy the corners of a tetrahedron around A.
Карта 15
Въпрос
VSEPR molecular shape of AX₂E?
Отговор
Bent, also called angular or V-shaped. There are two bonded atoms and one lone pair around A.
Карта 16
Въпрос
What is the ideal X–A–X bond angle in AX₂ with no lone pairs?
Отговор
180°.
Карта 17
Въпрос
What electron geometry does VSEPR assign to three domains around a central atom?
Отговор
Trigonal planar.
Карта 18
Въпрос
VSEPR molecular shape of AX₃E?
Отговор
Trigonal pyramidal. Three bonded atoms and one lone pair occupy four electron domains.
Карта 19
Въпрос
What is the ideal X–A–X bond angle in tetrahedral AX₄?
Отговор
About 109.5°.
Карта 20
Въпрос
A central atom has two bonded neighbors and two lone pairs. What is its AXE notation?
Отговор
AX₂E₂.
Карта 21
Въпрос
What is the ideal X–A–X bond angle in trigonal planar AX₃?
Отговор
120°.
Карта 22
Въпрос
VSEPR molecular shape of AX₂E₂?
Отговор
Bent, also called angular or V-shaped. Two lone pairs occupy the other two domains.
Карта 23
Въпрос
What is the electron geometry around A in AX₃E?
Отговор
Tetrahedral: three bonding domains plus one lone-pair domain.
Карта 24
Въпрос
In O=C=O, how many electron domains surround carbon?
Отговор
Two domains. Each C=O double bond counts once.
Карта 25
Въпрос
What is the electron geometry around A in AX₂E?
Отговор
Trigonal planar: two bonding domains plus one lone-pair domain.
Карта 26
Въпрос
What molecular shape does VSEPR predict around carbon in CH₄?
Отговор
Tetrahedral. Carbon has four bonded neighbors and no lone pairs.
Карта 27
Въпрос
A learner counts a double bond as two VSEPR domains. What should they correct?
Отговор
Count it as one domain. Bond order changes the number of shared electrons, not the number of bonded directions.
Карта 28
Въпрос
What molecular shape does VSEPR predict around nitrogen in NH₃?
Отговор
Trigonal pyramidal. Nitrogen has three bonded neighbors and one lone pair.
Карта 29
Въпрос
What electron geometry does VSEPR assign to four domains around a central atom?
Отговор
Tetrahedral.
Карта 30
Въпрос
What molecular shape does VSEPR predict around oxygen in H₂O?
Отговор
Bent. Oxygen has two bonded neighbors and two lone pairs.
Карта 31
Въпрос
What molecular shape does VSEPR predict around carbon in the carbonate ion, CO₃²⁻?
Отговор
Trigonal planar. The three C–O bonding directions give three domains, even when a Lewis structure shows one double bond.
Карта 32
Въпрос
In the simple VSEPR model, how does a central lone pair usually affect neighboring bond angles?
Отговор
It tends to compress nearby bond angles because its electron density occupies more space near the central atom. This is a qualitative tendency, not a fixed number of degrees.
Карта 33
Въпрос
A VSEPR center is trigonal pyramidal with four total domains. What is its AXE notation?
Отговор
AX₃E: three bonded atoms and one lone pair.
Карта 34
Въпрос
Which two common AXE cases give a bent molecular shape with three or four total domains?
Отговор
AX₂E with three domains, and AX₂E₂ with four domains. Their electron geometries differ.
Карта 35
Въпрос
What electron geometry does VSEPR assign to five domains around a central atom?
Отговор
Trigonal bipyramidal.
Карта 36
Въпрос
What electron geometry does VSEPR assign to six domains around a central atom?
Отговор
Octahedral.
Карта 37
Въпрос
Does an ideal VSEPR angle give the exact measured angle in every molecule of that shape?
Отговор
No. It is a geometric benchmark; lone pairs and the bonding environment can change actual angles.
Карта 38
Въпрос
How many axial and equatorial positions are in a trigonal bipyramid?
Отговор
Two axial positions and three equatorial positions.
Карта 39
Въпрос
VSEPR molecular shape of AX₅, with no lone pairs on A?
Отговор
Trigonal bipyramidal.
Карта 40
Въпрос
VSEPR molecular shape of AX₆, with no lone pairs on A?
Отговор
Octahedral.
Карта 41
Въпрос
VSEPR molecular shape of AX₄E in the usual lowest-repulsion arrangement?
Отговор
Seesaw. The lone pair occupies an equatorial position in a trigonal-bipyramidal domain arrangement.
Карта 42
Въпрос
In an ideal trigonal bipyramid, what is the angle between two equatorial bonds?
Отговор
120°.
Карта 43
Въпрос
VSEPR molecular shape of AX₃E₂ in the usual lowest-repulsion arrangement?
Отговор
T-shaped. Both lone pairs occupy equatorial positions.
Карта 44
Въпрос
VSEPR molecular shape of AX₅E?
Отговор
Square pyramidal. One lone pair occupies the sixth position of an octahedral domain arrangement.
Карта 45
Въпрос
In an ideal trigonal bipyramid, what is the angle between an axial bond and an equatorial bond?
Отговор
90°.
Карта 46
Въпрос
VSEPR molecular shape of AX₂E₃ in the usual lowest-repulsion arrangement?
Отговор
Linear. Three equatorial lone pairs leave the two bonded atoms in opposite axial positions.
Карта 47
Въпрос
VSEPR molecular shape of AX₄E₂ in the usual lowest-repulsion arrangement?
Отговор
Square planar. Two opposite lone pairs leave four bonded atoms in a square around A.
Карта 48
Въпрос
In a trigonal-bipyramidal domain arrangement, which sites do lone pairs preferentially occupy?
Отговор
Equatorial sites, in the usual VSEPR arrangements with one to three lone pairs.
Карта 49
Въпрос
Which X–A–X angles occur in an ideal octahedral AX₆ molecule?
Отговор
90° between adjacent bonds and 180° between opposite bonds.
Карта 50
Въпрос
A VSEPR center has a seesaw shape and five total domains. What is its AXE notation?
Отговор
AX₄E.
Карта 51
Въпрос
A VSEPR center has a T-shaped molecular geometry and five total domains. What is its AXE notation?
Отговор
AX₃E₂.
Карта 52
Въпрос
In an ideal trigonal bipyramid, what is the angle between its two axial bonds?
Отговор
180°. The axial positions lie on opposite sides of the central atom.
Карта 53
Въпрос
A VSEPR center is square pyramidal with six total domains. What is its AXE notation?
Отговор
AX₅E.
Карта 54
Въпрос
In the usual octahedral AX₄E₂ arrangement, how are the two lone pairs positioned relative to each other?
Отговор
Opposite each other, 180° apart in the ideal domain arrangement.
Карта 55
Въпрос
What molecular shape does VSEPR predict for an isolated SF₄ molecule?
Отговор
Seesaw. Sulfur has four bonded fluorine atoms and one lone pair.
Карта 56
Въпрос
What molecular shape does VSEPR predict for an isolated XeF₂ molecule?
Отговор
Linear. Xenon has two bonded fluorine atoms and three lone pairs.
Карта 57
Въпрос
What is the electron geometry around A in AX₃E₂?
Отговор
Trigonal bipyramidal: three bonding domains plus two lone-pair domains.
Карта 58
Въпрос
What molecular shape does VSEPR predict for an isolated BrF₅ molecule?
Отговор
Square pyramidal. Bromine has five bonded fluorine atoms and one lone pair.
Карта 59
Въпрос
What molecular shape does VSEPR predict for an isolated XeF₄ molecule?
Отговор
Square planar. Xenon has four bonded fluorine atoms and two opposite lone pairs.
Карта 60
Въпрос
What is the electron geometry around A in AX₄E?
Отговор
Trigonal bipyramidal: four bonding domains plus one lone-pair domain.
Карта 61
Въпрос
What molecular shape does VSEPR predict for an isolated ClF₃ molecule?
Отговор
T-shaped. Chlorine has three bonded fluorine atoms and two equatorial lone pairs.
Карта 62
Въпрос
What is the electron geometry around A in AX₅E?
Отговор
Octahedral: five bonding domains plus one lone-pair domain.
Карта 63
Въпрос
What is the electron geometry around A in AX₂E₃?
Отговор
Trigonal bipyramidal: two bonding domains plus three lone-pair domains.
Карта 64
Въпрос
What molecular shape does VSEPR predict for an isolated SF₆ molecule?
Отговор
Octahedral. Sulfur has six bonded fluorine atoms and no lone pairs.
Карта 65
Въпрос
Which bond angles occur in an idealized T-shaped AX₃E₂ arrangement?
Отговор
90° and 180°. These are parent-geometry benchmarks; a real molecule can be distorted.
Карта 66
Въпрос
What is the electron geometry around A in AX₄E₂?
Отговор
Octahedral: four bonding domains plus two lone-pair domains.
Карта 67
Въпрос
Why does an octahedral VSEPR arrangement have six domains despite the name’s reference to eight?
Отговор
The six domains point toward the six vertices of an octahedron. Eight refers to the solid’s faces.
Карта 68
Въпрос
Why does a lone pair in AX₄E favor an equatorial site over an axial site?
Отговор
An equatorial site has two 90° interactions with other domains; an axial site has three. The equatorial choice reduces these close repulsions.
Карта 69
Въпрос
Which common AXE cases give a linear molecular shape with two or five total domains?
Отговор
AX₂ with two domains, and AX₂E₃ with five domains. A linear shape alone does not determine the electron geometry.
Карта 70
Въпрос
Which bond angles occur in an idealized square-pyramidal AX₅E arrangement?
Отговор
90° and 180°. Actual angles can deviate from these octahedral parent benchmarks.
Карта 71
Въпрос
A VSEPR center is square planar with six total domains. What is its AXE notation?
Отговор
AX₄E₂.
Карта 72
Въпрос
A learner assigns every bent molecule the same bond angle. What information are they missing?
Отговор
The electron-domain arrangement and the particular molecule. Bent includes AX₂E and AX₂E₂, and actual angles depend on the species.
Карта 73
Въпрос
A learner calls NH₃ tetrahedral because nitrogen has four domains. What shape distinction resolves the error?
Отговор
Tetrahedral is its electron geometry. Its molecular geometry is trigonal pyramidal because only the three bonded atoms define that shape.
Карта 74
Въпрос
Why can four bonded atoms give tetrahedral AX₄ but square planar AX₄E₂?
Отговор
AX₄ has four total domains. AX₄E₂ has six total domains, with two opposite lone pairs in an octahedral arrangement.
Карта 75
Въпрос
Which ideal parent angles are the benchmarks for an AX₄E seesaw arrangement?
Отговор
90°, 120°, and 180° from trigonal-bipyramidal electron geometry. Lone-pair repulsion can distort the actual bond angles.
Карта 76
Въпрос
What molecular shape does VSEPR predict for an isolated PF₅ molecule?
Отговор
Trigonal bipyramidal. Phosphorus has five bonded fluorine atoms and no lone pairs.
Карта 77
Въпрос
What is the electron geometry around A in AX₂E₂?
Отговор
Tetrahedral: two bonding domains plus two lone-pair domains.
Карта 78
Въпрос
Which X–A–X bond angles occur in an ideal square-planar AX₄E₂ arrangement?
Отговор
90° between adjacent bonds and 180° between opposite bonds.
78 карти
VSEPR Flashcards: Molecular Geometry & Bond Angles
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