FAA Part 107 Flashcards: Remote Pilot Knowledge Test Review
Review the current FAA Part 107 knowledge areas with concise recall, practical scenarios, airspace and weather interpretation, operating limits, and recency rules.
Despre acest pachet
Prepare for the FAA Remote Pilot knowledge test and keep core Part 107 decisions fresh. These 286 independently written cards cover every current ACS knowledge area, moving from foundational rules into airspace, weather reports, aircraft loading and performance, airport awareness, emergencies, operations over people, Remote ID, aeronautical decision-making, maintenance, and recurrent knowledge.
The cards practice rule-to-action, cue-to-meaning, code-to-interpretation, and short scenario-to-decision recall. Most prompts isolate one fact or decision; a few compact sets cover material learners naturally recall together, such as phonetic-alphabet chunks and radio phraseology. Unhelpful reverse variants and chart-dependent problems are excluded. The deterministic sequence teaches prerequisites before dependent ideas, interleaves the five public groups, and separates confusing variants. Initial certification and recurrent training are treated as separate paths, with current requirements reviewed against official sources on August 25, 2026. FAA-S-ACS-10B remains the current indexed topic guide; the current UAG Applicant Information Bulletin governs test distribution.
License scope: “Common knowledge · CC0 1.0” applies only to this deck’s independently written prompts, answers, examples, organization, and metadata, to the extent rights exist. It does not claim ownership of facts, laws, FAA names or publications, third-party marks, or source material.
Independent and unofficial; not affiliated with, endorsed by, or produced by the FAA, DOT, PSI, or any testing provider. No FAA or competitor test questions, answer choices, commercial-deck text, charts, logos, or third-party media were copied. Regulatory definitions and rules were independently condensed and may retain legally necessary terminology. Verify current requirements with the FAA certification path, Remote Pilot ACS, current UAG Applicant Information Bulletin, FAA study guide, and 14 CFR Part 107.
Fișele din acest pachet
Fișa 1
Întrebare
When does 14 CFR Part 107 generally apply?
Răspuns
It generally applies to civil operations of small unmanned aircraft in the United States that are not conducted under another authority, such as the limited recreational exception.
Fișa 2
Întrebare
Who must receive the preflight operating briefing?
Răspuns
Everyone directly participating in the operation, including visual observers and people manipulating the controls. Cover conditions, roles, hazards, and normal and emergency procedures.
Fișa 3
Întrebare
What is controlled airspace?
Răspuns
Airspace of defined dimensions where ATC service is provided according to the airspace classification. For Part 107, authorization depends on the specific class and area.
Fișa 4
Întrebare
What is the basic difference between a weather observation and a forecast?
Răspuns
An observation reports conditions that exist now at a location; a forecast predicts conditions for a future period and area.
Fișa 5
Întrebare
What is a small unmanned aircraft under Part 107?
Răspuns
An unmanned aircraft weighing less than 55 pounds at takeoff, including everything on board or attached.
Fișa 6
Întrebare
What site conditions belong in a preflight assessment?
Răspuns
Weather, airspace, restrictions, people, moving vehicles, wildlife, structures, wires, launch and recovery areas, lighting, interference, and alternate landing areas.
Fișa 7
Întrebare
Does being below maximum takeoff weight guarantee a safe takeoff?
Răspuns
No. Elevation, temperature, humidity, wind, launch area, obstacles, battery condition, and aircraft limits may require a lower weight.
Fișa 8
Întrebare
What is the typical shape and purpose of Class B airspace?
Răspuns
Individually tailored layers around the nation's busiest airports, often resembling an upside-down wedding cake. Part 107 operations require prior authorization.
Fișa 9
Întrebare
What control-link checks belong before takeoff?
Răspuns
Verify pairing, command response, antenna and frequency setup, interference risk, lost-link behavior, range needs, and crew communication.
Fișa 10
Întrebare
What does a small unmanned aircraft system include?
Răspuns
The aircraft plus the communication links and components needed to control it safely and efficiently.
Fișa 11
Întrebare
What does a METAR report?
Răspuns
Current surface weather at an airport or reporting station in a standard coded format.
Fișa 12
Întrebare
When must a remote PIC be designated?
Răspuns
Before or during the flight. Every Part 107 operation must have a designated remote pilot in command.
Fișa 13
Întrebare
What power and attachment checks belong before takeoff?
Răspuns
Confirm adequate battery or fuel, secure installation, correct payload and guards, unobstructed sensors and moving parts, and the intended configuration.
Fișa 14
Întrebare
How does excess weight usually affect aircraft performance?
Răspuns
It reduces climb, ceiling, range, endurance, and maneuverability while increasing power demand and structural load.
Fișa 15
Întrebare
Who has final authority for a Part 107 operation?
Răspuns
The designated remote PIC. That person is directly responsible for the operation and must ensure it complies with applicable rules.
Fișa 16
Întrebare
What airport environment usually has Class C airspace?
Răspuns
An airport with an operating tower, radar approach control, and qualifying traffic volume. Part 107 operations require prior authorization.
Fișa 17
Întrebare
What makes crew communication effective?
Răspuns
Agreed roles, plain callouts, immediate hazard reports, acknowledgment of critical instructions, and a clear transfer-of-control procedure.
Fișa 18
Întrebare
What is a SPECI?
Răspuns
An unscheduled special surface-weather report issued when significant conditions change or other criteria are met.
Fișa 19
Întrebare
May a noncertificated person manipulate the controls?
Răspuns
Yes, under the direct supervision of a qualified remote PIC who can immediately take direct control.
Fișa 20
Întrebare
Does using a visual observer transfer remote-PIC responsibility?
Răspuns
No. The visual observer supports awareness, while the remote PIC remains responsible and must ensure effective coordination.
Fișa 21
Întrebare
What condition must the small UAS be in before flight?
Răspuns
A condition for safe operation. The remote PIC must inspect it before each flight and stop if a known condition would make the operation unsafe.
Fișa 22
Întrebare
What airport environment usually has Class D airspace?
Răspuns
Airspace around an airport with an operating control tower. Part 107 operations require prior authorization.
Fișa 23
Întrebare
What does a TAF provide?
Răspuns
A forecast for the area within roughly 5 statute miles of an airport during its stated valid period.
Fișa 24
Întrebare
How should a remote PIC build a current internet weather briefing?
Răspuns
Cross-check current observations, forecasts, hazard advisories, and graphical products for the operation's place and time. Use current FAA/NWS or Flight Service sources and check each product's issue and valid times.
Fișa 25
Întrebare
What is the remote PIC's role when automation flies the route?
Răspuns
Continuously monitor the aircraft, environment, control link, and automation mode, and remain ready to intervene before safety margins disappear.
Fișa 26
Întrebare
When must a crewmember decline a Part 107 role for medical reasons?
Răspuns
When a physical or mental condition would interfere with safe operation of the small UAS.
Fișa 27
Întrebare
Why must in-flight weight changes be planned?
Răspuns
Releasing payload or consuming fuel can improve some performance while shifting the center of gravity and changing control response.
Fișa 28
Întrebare
When does Class E airspace require Part 107 authorization?
Răspuns
When it is the surface area designated for an airport. Other Class E airspace does not generally require Part 107 authorization.
Fișa 29
Întrebare
What may the FAA inspect from a Part 107 operator?
Răspuns
The remote pilot certificate, identification, registration, required records, the small UAS, and information or tests needed to determine compliance.
Fișa 30
Întrebare
What should a lost-link plan decide before flight?
Răspuns
The aircraft's automatic action, route and altitude, timeout, recovery area, crew callouts, and point at which the flight will be terminated safely.
Fișa 31
Întrebare
What do ASOS and AWOS provide?
Răspuns
Automated surface weather observations. Their data are useful but still represent conditions at the sensor location.
Fișa 32
Întrebare
How must a remote PIC carry the certificate during an operation?
Răspuns
The remote pilot certificate and identification must be in the person's physical possession and readily accessible.
Fișa 33
Întrebare
What is the first priority during a flyaway?
Răspuns
Protect people and other aircraft: warn the crew, track the aircraft if possible, assess airspace and trajectory, and notify appropriate authorities when needed.
Fișa 34
Întrebare
What is Class G airspace?
Răspuns
Uncontrolled airspace from the surface to the base of overlying controlled airspace. Part 107 does not require ATC authorization solely because the operation is in Class G.
Fișa 35
Întrebare
Does a Part 107 drone at or below 0.55 pound need registration?
Răspuns
Yes. The weight-based registration exception applies only when the aircraft is flown exclusively under the limited recreational exception.
Fișa 36
Întrebare
What should a remote PIC do after unexpected GPS loss?
Răspuns
Use the aircraft's known non-GPS control mode or contingency procedure, stabilize or land promptly, and avoid relying on automation that needs valid position data.
Fișa 37
Întrebare
What is the center of gravity?
Răspuns
The point at which the aircraft's total weight can be considered concentrated.
Fișa 38
Întrebare
What does the four-letter group after METAR identify?
Răspuns
The reporting station's ICAO identifier, such as a K-prefixed identifier in the contiguous United States.
Fișa 39
Întrebare
How are aircraft registered for Part 107 operations?
Răspuns
Each aircraft is registered separately and receives its own registration number.
Fișa 40
Întrebare
What should be done with a swollen, damaged, or overheating lithium battery?
Răspuns
Do not fly or charge it. Isolate it safely and follow the manufacturer and hazardous-material handling guidance.
Fișa 41
Întrebare
Why is Class A not a normal Part 107 operating environment?
Răspuns
Class A begins at 18,000 feet MSL, far above ordinary Part 107 altitude limits.
Fișa 42
Întrebare
How long is a Part 48 registration certificate valid?
Răspuns
Three years. Renewal verification may occur at any time within the six months preceding the month in which the certificate expires.
Fișa 43
Întrebare
How is a METAR time group decoded?
Răspuns
The first two digits are the day of the month and the next four are UTC time; Z means Zulu, or UTC.
Fișa 44
Întrebare
What is the safest basic lithium-battery charging practice?
Răspuns
Use compatible equipment on a nonflammable surface, monitor the charge, control temperature, and keep a suitable response plan nearby.
Fișa 45
Întrebare
When must Part 48 registration information be updated or canceled?
Răspuns
Within 14 calendar days after an applicable change, destruction, transfer, export, or end of eligibility.
Fișa 46
Întrebare
What registration document must be available during a Part 107 flight?
Răspuns
The aircraft's FAA registration certificate, as a paper or digital copy. Anyone operating the drone must have it in their possession while flying.
Fișa 47
Întrebare
What moves an aircraft's center of gravity?
Răspuns
Changing where weight is placed, attached, shifted, or released.
Fișa 48
Întrebare
What is the NAS, and what is ATC’s role within it?
Răspuns
The National Airspace System integrates U.S. airspace, facilities, services, rules, and people. ATC promotes a safe, orderly traffic flow and helps prevent collisions, but it doesn't replace the remote PIC's Part 107 or see-and-avoid duties.
Fișa 49
Întrebare
What makes an emergency plan useful?
Răspuns
Specific triggers, immediate actions, crew callouts, safe landing areas, emergency contacts, and aircraft-specific procedures that the crew has reviewed before flight.
Fișa 50
Întrebare
How is a Class B boundary shown on a sectional chart?
Răspuns
With solid blue lines. The charted altitude figures define the shelves and limits.
Fișa 51
Întrebare
What is the first response to a lithium-battery fire?
Răspuns
Move people away, call emergency services as needed, follow the site and battery response plan, and use a suitable extinguisher only if trained. Damaged cells can reignite, so keep monitoring from a safe position.
Fișa 52
Întrebare
How must a Part 48 registration number appear on a drone?
Răspuns
Legibly displayed, affixed, and visible on an external surface of the aircraft.
Fișa 53
Întrebare
How is 22012KT decoded in a weather report?
Răspuns
Wind is from 220 degrees true at 12 knots.
Fișa 54
Întrebare
What recurring factors contribute to many small-UAS accidents?
Răspuns
Weak planning, loss of control, failure to detect or yield to other aircraft, and poor judgment or decision-making. Careful planning, continuous control, traffic scanning, and conservative decisions reduce those risks.
Fișa 55
Întrebare
Which drones must follow Remote ID operating rules?
Răspuns
Unmanned aircraft that are registered or required to be registered, unless a specific Part 89 exception or authorization applies.
Fișa 56
Întrebare
What is the Part 107 maximum groundspeed?
Răspuns
87 knots, which is 100 miles per hour.
Fișa 57
Întrebare
How is a Class C boundary shown on a sectional chart?
Răspuns
With solid magenta lines.
Fișa 58
Întrebare
What are the three ordinary ways to comply with Remote ID?
Răspuns
Operate a Standard Remote ID drone, use an FAA-compliant broadcast module, or fly a nonbroadcasting drone entirely within a FRIA under its conditions.
Fișa 59
Întrebare
What is the normal Part 107 altitude limit?
Răspuns
400 feet above ground level.
Fișa 60
Întrebare
What does 18010G18KT mean?
Răspuns
Wind from 180 degrees true at 10 knots, gusting to 18 knots.
Fișa 61
Întrebare
How should spare lithium batteries be transported safely?
Răspuns
Inspect them, protect the terminals from short circuit, and pack them against movement or damage. Don't transport a battery that is swollen, damaged, overheating, or subject to a safety recall unless it has been made safe under the applicable transport rules.
Fișa 62
Întrebare
What should a pilot do if the loaded CG is outside approved limits?
Răspuns
Do not fly. Relocate or remove weight until the aircraft remains within limits for the entire operation.
Fișa 63
Întrebare
What information does Standard Remote ID broadcast?
Răspuns
Aircraft identity; the drone's position, geometric altitude, and velocity; the control station's position and geometric altitude; a UTC time mark; and the aircraft's emergency status.
Fișa 64
Întrebare
How is a Class D boundary shown on a sectional chart?
Răspuns
With a dashed blue line.
Fișa 65
Întrebare
What altitude exception applies near a structure?
Răspuns
Within 400 feet horizontally of a structure, the drone may fly up to 400 feet above the structure's uppermost limit, subject to airspace and other rules.
Fișa 66
Întrebare
What are the basic Part 107 visibility and cloud clearances?
Răspuns
At least 3 statute miles of flight visibility from the control station, 500 feet below clouds, and 2,000 feet horizontally from clouds.
Fișa 67
Întrebare
What location replaces the control-station location in a broadcast-module message?
Răspuns
The aircraft's takeoff location and geometric altitude. The module also broadcasts its serial number and the aircraft's position, altitude, velocity, and time mark.
Fișa 68
Întrebare
What must visual line of sight let the crew determine?
Răspuns
The aircraft's location, attitude, altitude, direction, nearby traffic and hazards, and whether it remains safe to operate.
Fișa 69
Întrebare
How is a Class E surface area shown on a sectional chart?
Răspuns
With a dashed magenta line. A Part 107 operation inside its lateral boundary needs prior authorization.
Fișa 70
Întrebare
What does 2SM mean in a METAR?
Răspuns
Prevailing visibility is 2 statute miles, below Part 107's normal 3-statute-mile minimum.
Fișa 71
Întrebare
What must the person manipulating the controls do if Standard Remote ID or a broadcast module stops broadcasting in flight?
Răspuns
Land the aircraft as soon as practicable.
Fișa 72
Întrebare
Why can a payload mounted off center be hazardous?
Răspuns
It creates an unbalanced moment, increases control effort, and may leave too little control authority to resist wind or recover from a disturbance.
Fișa 73
Întrebare
May corrective lenses be used to maintain visual line of sight?
Răspuns
Yes. Vision must otherwise be unaided by devices such as binoculars.
Fișa 74
Întrebare
What extra operating limit comes with a Remote ID broadcast module?
Răspuns
The person manipulating the controls must be able to see the aircraft at all times throughout the operation.
Fișa 75
Întrebare
For METAR weather that accepts an intensity qualifier, what do
-,+, and no sign mean?Răspuns
-means light,+means heavy, and no sign means moderate. Apply that rule only to weather phenomena that use intensity qualifiers.Fișa 76
Întrebare
What communication must a visual observer maintain?
Răspuns
Effective communication with the remote PIC and the person manipulating the controls so traffic and hazards can be shared promptly.
Fișa 77
Întrebare
What does a shaded magenta Class E boundary usually indicate?
Răspuns
Class E begins at 700 feet AGL on the faded side of the boundary.
Fișa 78
Întrebare
What conditions apply to a non-Remote-ID flight in a FRIA?
Răspuns
Both the aircraft and the person manipulating the controls must remain within the FRIA boundaries, and that person must see the aircraft throughout the flight.
Fișa 79
Întrebare
How many drones may one person serve at once under Part 107?
Răspuns
One. A person may not manipulate controls, serve as remote PIC, or serve as visual observer for more than one operation at the same time.
Fișa 80
Întrebare
How do FEW, SCT, BKN, and OVC differ?
Răspuns
FEW is more than 0 through 2/8 sky cover; SCT is 3/8–4/8; BKN is 5/8–7/8; and OVC is 8/8.
Fișa 81
Întrebare
What can a weather chart or graphical product tell you—and what can't it?
Răspuns
It shows the broad location, movement, or forecast extent of weather. Its valid time, scale, symbols, and resolution limit it, so it doesn't replace current site-specific reports, forecasts, and advisories.
Fișa 82
Întrebare
What is aircraft stability?
Răspuns
The inherent tendency to resist a disturbance or return toward the original flight condition.
Fișa 83
Întrebare
What Remote ID detail belongs in a Part 107 registration record?
Răspuns
The serial number of the Standard Remote ID aircraft or the broadcast module used for that registered device.
Fișa 84
Întrebare
Which aircraft have right of way over a small UAS?
Răspuns
All aircraft, airborne vehicles, and launch or reentry vehicles. The small UAS must yield and must not create a collision hazard.
Fișa 85
Întrebare
What does a shaded blue Class E boundary usually indicate?
Răspuns
Class E begins at 1,200 feet AGL on the faded side of the boundary.
Fișa 86
Întrebare
Can ADS-B Out satisfy Remote ID?
Răspuns
No. Part 89 expressly rejects ADS-B Out as a means of Remote ID compliance.
Fișa 87
Întrebare
May a Part 107 small UAS carry hazardous material?
Răspuns
No. Part 107 prohibits carrying hazardous material as defined by federal hazardous-materials law.
Fișa 88
Întrebare
Which reported cloud layers form a ceiling?
Răspuns
The lowest broken or overcast layer, or vertical visibility into an obscuration. Few and scattered layers are not ceilings.
Fișa 89
Întrebare
Why must a remote pilot distinguish MSL from AGL?
Răspuns
MSL measures altitude from mean sea level, while AGL measures height above the local surface. Sectional airspace limits commonly use MSL; Part 107's normal height limit uses AGL.
Fișa 90
Întrebare
What conduct does Part 107 prohibit as hazardous operation?
Răspuns
Careless or reckless operation that endangers another person's life or property, and dropping an object in a way that creates an undue hazard.
Fișa 91
Întrebare
When may the FAA authorize a Remote ID deviation?
Răspuns
For an operation conducted solely for aeronautical research or to show compliance with regulations, or under another specific FAA authorization.
Fișa 92
Întrebare
Why can a small-UAS radio link fail even within visual range?
Răspuns
Shared-band interference, barriers, antenna orientation, distance, or terrain can weaken a line-of-sight RF link. Check the site and link before flight, stay within manufacturer limits, and follow the lost-link plan.
Fișa 93
Întrebare
What is CTAF?
Răspuns
The Common Traffic Advisory Frequency used for airport advisory practices at an airport without an operating control tower.
Fișa 94
Întrebare
What is maneuverability?
Răspuns
The aircraft's ability to change attitude or flightpath and withstand the loads created by those maneuvers.
Fișa 95
Întrebare
May a small UAS be operated from a moving aircraft?
Răspuns
No.
Fișa 96
Întrebare
How do UNICOM and MULTICOM differ?
Răspuns
UNICOM is a nongovernment air-ground station that may provide airport information; MULTICOM is a common self-announce frequency used where no tower, FSS, or UNICOM is available.
Fișa 97
Întrebare
Who may apply to establish a FRIA?
Răspuns
An FAA-recognized community-based organization or an educational institution. An individual pilot cannot establish one alone.
Fișa 98
Întrebare
How is BKN015 decoded?
Răspuns
A broken cloud layer with a base 1,500 feet AGL.
Fișa 99
Întrebare
How are sectional airspace altitudes commonly written?
Răspuns
In hundreds of feet MSL, with the ceiling above the floor. A floor marked SFC begins at the surface.
Fișa 100
Întrebare
When may a small UAS be operated from a moving land or water vehicle?
Răspuns
Only over a sparsely populated area, and not while transporting another person's property for compensation or hire.
Fișa 101
Întrebare
What does ATIS provide?
Răspuns
A repeating broadcast of current local weather and important noncontrol airport information, identified by a letter code that changes with updates.
Fișa 102
Întrebare
What does “November” followed by letters or numbers identify in a traffic call?
Răspuns
A U.S. civil aircraft registration used as its call sign. Decode the remaining characters with standard digits and the aviation phonetic alphabet.
Fișa 103
Întrebare
What must a foreign-registered drone obtain before U.S. Remote ID operations?
Răspuns
The operator must file the required Notice of Identification and receive an FAA Confirmation of Identification before operating in the United States.
Fișa 104
Întrebare
What alcohol limits apply to a Part 107 crewmember?
Răspuns
No duty within 8 hours after drinking, while under the influence, or with a blood alcohol concentration of 0.04 percent or more.
Fișa 105
Întrebare
How is M02/M05 decoded?
Răspuns
Temperature minus 2 degrees Celsius and dew point minus 5 degrees Celsius.
Fișa 106
Întrebare
Must a Part 107 pilot routinely transmit on aviation radio near an airport?
Răspuns
No. Monitoring the correct frequency can improve awareness, but it does not replace visual vigilance or create a general transmission requirement.
Fișa 107
Întrebare
What are A–I in the aviation phonetic alphabet?
Răspuns
Alfa, Bravo, Charlie, Delta, Echo, Foxtrot, Golf, Hotel, India.
Fișa 108
Întrebare
What extra §107.29 conditions apply in ordinary daylight?
Răspuns
None solely because it is daylight. The night-knowledge and three-statute-mile anti-collision-light conditions in §107.29 do not apply, but every other applicable Part 107 requirement still does.
Fișa 109
Întrebare
What does a blue versus magenta airport symbol usually tell you?
Răspuns
Blue generally identifies an airport with an operating control tower; magenta generally identifies a nontowered airport.
Fișa 110
Întrebare
What Remote ID label should an operator verify?
Răspuns
A Standard Remote ID aircraft or broadcast module must carry the producer's legible, prominent, permanently affixed English label stating that it meets Part 89.
Fișa 111
Întrebare
Does ordinary license-free drone-control equipment need an individual FCC operator license?
Răspuns
No, provided FCC-authorized equipment is used within the conditions of its license-free radio service. Equipment authorization applies to the device; other frequencies or radio services may require an individual operator or station license.
Fișa 112
Întrebare
May a crewmember use a drug that impairs safe operation?
Răspuns
No. A person may not participate while using a drug that affects their faculties contrary to safety.
Fișa 113
Întrebare
What is Local Airport Advisory service?
Răspuns
It is an FSS advisory service available only in Alaska, within 10 statute miles of an airport where the tower isn't operating and an FSS is located on the airport. Check the current Alaska Chart Supplement for availability.
Fișa 114
Întrebare
What is controllability?
Răspuns
The aircraft's ability to respond to control inputs, regardless of how inherently stable it is.
Fișa 115
Întrebare
What knowledge prerequisite applies to Part 107 night operations?
Răspuns
The remote PIC must have completed an initial knowledge test or training, as applicable under §107.65, after April 6, 2021. Applicable training may be initial Part 61 training or recurrent training.
Fișa 116
Întrebare
How is A2992 decoded in a METAR?
Răspuns
An altimeter setting of 29.92 inches of mercury.
Fișa 117
Întrebare
How should a remote pilot treat a towered airport when its control tower is closed?
Răspuns
Treat it as an airport without an operating tower: check the published CTAF and procedures, monitor traffic, and rely on see-and-avoid rather than tower control.
Fișa 118
Întrebare
What does a crewed-aircraft self-announcement normally communicate?
Răspuns
The aircraft identity, airport, position, altitude when useful, and intentions. Use that information to project the traffic path; Part 107 doesn't create a routine transmit requirement.
Fișa 119
Întrebare
What is a prohibited area?
Răspuns
Airspace where flight is prohibited for security or national-welfare reasons unless the responsible agency authorizes it.
Fișa 120
Întrebare
What lighting is required for a Part 107 night flight?
Răspuns
Anti-collision lighting visible for at least 3 statute miles, with a flash rate sufficient to avoid a collision.
Fișa 121
Întrebare
What relationship holds in steady, level flight?
Răspuns
Lift equals weight. If available lift becomes insufficient for the weight and conditions, altitude cannot be maintained.
Fișa 122
Întrebare
What Remote ID check is required before takeoff with a broadcast module?
Răspuns
The person manipulating the controls must ensure the module is functioning as required by Part 89 before takeoff.
Fișa 123
Întrebare
Why should a remote pilot understand the traffic pattern?
Răspuns
It predicts where crewed aircraft are likely to climb, descend, turn, and approach, helping the small UAS remain clear.
Fișa 124
Întrebare
What are J–R in the aviation phonetic alphabet?
Răspuns
Juliett, Kilo, Lima, Mike, November, Oscar, Papa, Quebec, Romeo.
Fișa 125
Întrebare
What certificate consequences can follow prohibited drug or alcohol conduct?
Răspuns
The FAA may deny an application for up to one year or suspend or revoke a certificate. Refusing a qualifying alcohol test or refusing to release requested results can trigger the same consequences.
Fișa 126
Întrebare
What does RMK introduce in a METAR?
Răspuns
The remarks section, which can add sensor, pressure, lightning, visibility, and other details.
Fișa 127
Întrebare
May anti-collision lighting be dimmed at night?
Răspuns
Its intensity may be reduced when necessary for safety, but it may not be extinguished during the operation.
Fișa 128
Întrebare
What is a restricted area?
Răspuns
Airspace containing unusual, often invisible hazards such as artillery or missile activity. A Part 107 operation requires permission from the using or controlling agency, as applicable.
Fișa 129
Întrebare
Which sources provide current airport operating data?
Răspuns
The sectional chart, Chart Supplement, current NOTAMs, and local broadcasts such as ATIS, ASOS, or AWOS.
Fișa 130
Întrebare
Why do heliports and seaplane bases need separate traffic awareness?
Răspuns
Their traffic may use water, pads, or routes that don't match a runway pattern. Identify the facility on current charts and airport data, then watch for low or unexpected arrivals and departures.
Fișa 131
Întrebare
What is a warning area?
Răspuns
Airspace extending from 3 nautical miles outward from the U.S. coast that warns of potentially hazardous activity where the United States lacks sole jurisdiction.
Fișa 132
Întrebare
What is civil twilight for Part 107 outside Alaska?
Răspuns
The 30 minutes before official sunrise and the 30 minutes after official sunset. During civil twilight, the aircraft must have an anti-collision light visible for at least 3 statute miles with a flash rate sufficient to avoid collision; its intensity may be reduced, but not extinguished, when safety requires.
Fișa 133
Întrebare
How is a runway number derived?
Răspuns
From the runway's magnetic direction rounded to the nearest 10 degrees, with the final zero omitted.
Fișa 134
Întrebare
How far may a remote PIC deviate during an in-flight emergency?
Răspuns
Only as far as necessary to address that emergency.
Fișa 135
Întrebare
How is the TAF valid period 2512/2618 decoded?
Răspuns
From 1200 UTC on the 25th until 1800 UTC on the 26th.
Fișa 136
Întrebare
When is an emergency-deviation report required?
Răspuns
Only when the FAA requests one. The remote PIC must then provide a written report.
Fișa 137
Întrebare
What do hold-position markings protect?
Răspuns
They mark a boundary that aircraft and vehicles must not cross without the required clearance or authorization, protecting an active runway or other controlled surface.
Fișa 138
Întrebare
What are S–Z in the aviation phonetic alphabet?
Răspuns
Sierra, Tango, Uniform, Victor, Whiskey, Xray, Yankee, Zulu.
Fișa 139
Întrebare
What is load factor?
Răspuns
The ratio of the aerodynamic load supported by the aircraft to its weight, expressed in Gs.
Fișa 140
Întrebare
What should a remote pilot get from the current Chart Supplement?
Răspuns
Airport and runway details, lighting, communications, weather sources, notices, procedures, and other data that aren't readily shown graphically. The FAA issues the Chart Supplement every 56 days, so use the current edition.
Fișa 141
Întrebare
Which Part 107 accidents require an FAA report?
Răspuns
Within 10 calendar days, report an operation causing serious injury or loss of consciousness, or qualifying damage to property other than the drone above the $500 threshold.
Fișa 142
Întrebare
What is the purpose of a military operations area?
Răspuns
To separate specified military training activity from IFR traffic. Other pilots should check its status and exercise extreme caution.
Fișa 143
Întrebare
How do hazard and risk differ?
Răspuns
A hazard is a condition that can cause harm; risk is the assessed likelihood and severity of that harm in the planned operation.
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Fișa 144
Întrebare
How can a remote pilot obtain a current established NOTAM?
Răspuns
Use FAA NOTAM Search or request it through Flight Service's current online or telephone briefing channels. Confirm the location, effective period, and any later change before flight.
Fișa 145
Întrebare
What does SIDA mean at an airport?
Răspuns
Security Identification Display Area—a limited-access area that requires authorization and proper displayed identification. Don't enter if you aren't authorized; ask the airport authority when the boundary is unclear.
Fișa 146
Întrebare
What does FM mark in a TAF?
Răspuns
A rapid, lasting change beginning at the stated time, after which the new forecast conditions apply.
Fișa 147
Întrebare
Which controlled airspace needs prior Part 107 authorization?
Răspuns
Class B, C, and D airspace, plus the lateral boundaries of Class E surface areas designated for an airport.
Fișa 148
Întrebare
What does PAVE organize?
Răspuns
Preflight risk into Pilot, Aircraft, enVironment, and External pressures.
Fișa 149
Întrebare
What load factor occurs in a coordinated 60-degree level turn?
Răspuns
2 G. The aircraft must produce lift equal to twice its weight to hold altitude.
Fișa 150
Întrebare
What rule applies near any airport without controlled-airspace authorization requirements?
Răspuns
The operation still may not interfere with airport traffic patterns or operations.
Fișa 151
Întrebare
How does traffic awareness differ with an operating tower versus a closed or nontowered airport?
Răspuns
With an operating tower, monitor its published frequency and use the traffic picture it provides. When the tower is closed or absent, use the published CTAF and nontowered procedures. Monitoring never authorizes the UAS or replaces visual vigilance and other Part 107 duties.
Fișa 152
Întrebare
What does an alert area signal?
Răspuns
A high volume of pilot training or unusual aerial activity. All pilots remain responsible for collision avoidance.
Fișa 153
Întrebare
What does IMSAFE check?
Răspuns
Personal fitness through Illness, Medication, Stress, Alcohol, Fatigue, and Emotion.
Fișa 154
Întrebare
How do TEMPO and PROB30 differ in a TAF?
Răspuns
TEMPO describes temporary fluctuations during a period; PROB30 gives a 30 percent probability of specified conditions during its period.
Fișa 155
Întrebare
What is needed to enter prohibited or restricted airspace?
Răspuns
Permission from the using or controlling agency, as applicable, in addition to compliance with other requirements.
Fișa 156
Întrebare
How are altitude, direction, speed, and time normally spoken on aviation radio?
Răspuns
Use distinct digits and the standard label: 12,500 is “one two thousand five hundred”; heading 270 is “heading two seven zero”; 15 knots is “one five knots”; 0930 UTC is “zero niner three zero Zulu.”
Fișa 157
Întrebare
What are the three steps of the 3P model?
Răspuns
Perceive hazards, Process their effect on safety, and Perform the best risk control. Repeat as conditions change.
Fișa 158
Întrebare
What must a remote PIC do about a temporary flight restriction?
Răspuns
Check current NOTAMs before flight and comply with the TFR unless specifically authorized otherwise.
Fișa 159
Întrebare
For §107.9 reporting, what counts as a serious injury?
Răspuns
An injury at Abbreviated Injury Scale Level 3 or higher. Loss of consciousness remains a separate reporting trigger even without that injury classification.
Fișa 160
Întrebare
Why is a controlled firing area not charted?
Răspuns
Its hazardous activity must stop when a spotter, radar, or lookout detects an approaching aircraft, so nonparticipating aircraft need not reroute around it.
Fișa 161
Întrebare
What are the legs and normal turn direction of a standard airport traffic pattern?
Răspuns
Departure, upwind, crosswind, downwind, base, and final approach are distinct components; upwind is not another name for departure. Standard traffic uses left turns unless airport markings or current publications specify otherwise.
Fișa 162
Întrebare
What does a Convective SIGMET warn about?
Răspuns
Significant convective hazards such as severe, embedded, or organized thunderstorms, including qualifying hail, wind, or tornado risk.
Fișa 163
Întrebare
How do CARE and TEAM support a risk decision?
Răspuns
CARE processes Consequences, Alternatives, Reality, and External factors; TEAM chooses to Transfer, Eliminate, Accept, or Mitigate the risk.
Fișa 164
Întrebare
What must preflight familiarization cover?
Răspuns
Local weather, airspace and restrictions, people and property, ground hazards, crew roles, control links, power, attachments, and the aircraft's condition.
Fișa 165
Întrebare
What night-lighting check belongs in the preflight inspection?
Răspuns
Verify that the required anti-collision light works, is positioned and rated to remain visible for at least 3 statute miles, and has enough power for the planned flight and landing.
Fișa 166
Întrebare
How does increased load factor affect fixed-wing stall speed?
Răspuns
Stall speed rises with the square root of load factor, so steep or abrupt maneuvers can cause a stall at a higher airspeed.
Fișa 167
Întrebare
What does an MTR identifier reveal?
Răspuns
IR denotes an IFR route, and VR denotes a VFR route. Four digits mean no route segment is above 1,500 feet AGL, while three digits mean at least one segment is above 1,500 feet AGL; a trailing letter may identify an alternate route. Expect fast, low-altitude military traffic.
Fișa 168
Întrebare
What extra limits apply when transporting property for compensation under Part 107?
Răspuns
The transport must stay wholly within one State, territory, or U.S. possession, or within the District of Columbia. It must also remain within visual line of sight, use no moving vehicle, and keep the aircraft plus property under 55 pounds.
Fișa 169
Întrebare
What is crew resource management?
Răspuns
The effective use of people, equipment, and information to coordinate the operation and make safer decisions.
Fișa 170
Întrebare
What is density altitude?
Răspuns
Pressure altitude corrected for nonstandard temperature. Operationally, it describes the air density the aircraft performs as though it were experiencing.
Fișa 171
Întrebare
May a Part 107 drone transmit with a transponder?
Răspuns
Not unless the FAA authorizes or directs its use.
Fișa 172
Întrebare
How is a temporary flight restriction established?
Răspuns
Through an FDC NOTAM that states the location, effective time, dimensions, altitudes, reason, and coordinating facility.
Fișa 173
Întrebare
What should a remote pilot do about birds or other wildlife near the route?
Răspuns
Avoid known concentrations and migration activity, then divert or land before a conflict develops. Report any wildlife strike through the FAA Wildlife Strike Database or Form 5200-7.
Fișa 174
Întrebare
What is situational awareness?
Răspuns
An accurate understanding of the aircraft, crew, environment, mission, and how those conditions are likely to change.
Fișa 175
Întrebare
What colors normally distinguish runway and taxiway markings?
Răspuns
Runway markings are white; taxiway markings are yellow. Holding-position markings are also yellow, even when placed on a runway.
Fișa 176
Întrebare
How does high density altitude affect a small UAS?
Răspuns
Thinner air reduces propeller, wing, and cooling performance, often lowering payload, climb rate, and endurance.
Fișa 177
Întrebare
What is single-pilot resource management?
Răspuns
Managing every available resource before and during flight so one pilot can maintain awareness, control workload, assess risk, and decide well.
Fișa 178
Întrebare
Which conditions raise density altitude?
Răspuns
Higher elevation or lower pressure, higher temperature, and higher humidity.
Fișa 179
Întrebare
What is the minimum age for a remote pilot certificate?
Răspuns
- The applicant normally must also read, speak, write, and understand English and have no disqualifying physical or mental condition. If a medical reason prevents meeting an English requirement, the FAA may place operating limitations on the certificate.
Fișa 180
Întrebare
What is an early sign of task saturation?
Răspuns
Working harder while accomplishing less, missing inputs, or fixating on one item. Stop, slow down, prioritize, and reduce workload.
Fișa 181
Întrebare
May ADS-B Out be transmitted during a Part 107 operation?
Răspuns
Not unless the FAA authorizes or directs it. ADS-B Out is also not a substitute for Remote ID.
Fișa 182
Întrebare
Where should a pilot look for frequent parachute-jump activity?
Răspuns
The sectional chart and current Chart Supplement, then current NOTAMs for time-sensitive activity.
Fișa 183
Întrebare
Why should a small UAS never fly beneath an unmanned free balloon?
Răspuns
Its payload suspension or trailing antenna may be hard to see and extend below the balloon. Stay well clear rather than passing underneath.
Fișa 184
Întrebare
What personal equipment should a remote pilot prepare for night operations?
Răspuns
Keep a reliable dimmable white or red flashlight, fresh or spare batteries, and needed charts and checklists accessible. This is an operator-equipment recommendation, separate from the aircraft-lighting rule in §107.29.
Fișa 185
Întrebare
Why does high humidity reduce aircraft performance?
Răspuns
Moist air is less dense than dry air, so the propellers or wings produce less force under otherwise equal conditions.
Fișa 186
Întrebare
Why are external pressures dangerous?
Răspuns
Schedule, client, money, or pride can make a pilot discount weather, condition, or skill limits. A preplanned cancellation rule protects the decision.
Fișa 187
Întrebare
May someone take the initial Part 107 knowledge test before age 16?
Răspuns
Yes, at age 14 or older. Certificate eligibility still begins at age 16.
Fișa 188
Întrebare
What is the usual first-time certification path without a qualifying Part 61 certificate?
Răspuns
Pass the initial Unmanned Aircraft General—Small knowledge test, then complete the FAA application and vetting process.
Fișa 189
Întrebare
Why can high temperature shorten a battery-powered flight?
Răspuns
The aircraft may need more power in less-dense air while the battery and electronics face greater thermal stress.
Fișa 190
Întrebare
How should the anti-authority attitude be countered?
Răspuns
Pause and follow the applicable rule or procedure; do not dismiss it merely because someone else imposed it.
Fișa 191
Întrebare
What is a TRSA?
Răspuns
A Terminal Radar Service Area where participating pilots may receive additional radar services. Participation is voluntary, and the underlying airspace classes still control Part 107 authorization.
Fișa 192
Întrebare
What do common airport beacon colors identify?
Răspuns
A white-and-green beacon identifies a lighted land airport; a white-and-yellow beacon identifies a lighted water airport or seaplane base; and a green-yellow-white beacon identifies a lighted heliport.
Fișa 193
Întrebare
What alternative initial path is available to a qualifying Part 61 pilot?
Răspuns
With a current Part 61 certificate and a flight review within the preceding 24 calendar months, complete the FAA initial online course and identity-validation process.
Fișa 194
Întrebare
What can a rapidly falling barometric pressure signal?
Răspuns
Approaching poor weather or a developing storm system. It is a trend to investigate, not a go/no-go answer by itself.
Fișa 195
Întrebare
How should impulsivity be countered?
Răspuns
Slow down long enough to identify the hazard, options, and safest next action.
Fișa 196
Întrebare
What is a National Security Area?
Răspuns
Airspace where pilots are asked to avoid flight to protect sensitive ground facilities; a NOTAM may temporarily make avoidance mandatory.
Fișa 197
Întrebare
What should a remote pilot extract from tower transmissions?
Răspuns
Identify the aircraft, its position or runway, direction, altitude when stated, and the controller's instruction or the pilot's intention. Use that traffic picture to remain clear; monitoring does not authorize the UAS or replace visual vigilance.
Fișa 198
Întrebare
How recent must Part 107 aeronautical knowledge be?
Răspuns
The remote pilot must have completed an accepted initial or recurrent path within the preceding 24 calendar months.
Fișa 199
Întrebare
How does a strong headwind affect the return leg?
Răspuns
It lowers groundspeed and increases the time and energy needed to return. Plan reserve for the worst expected leg, not the easy outbound leg.
Fișa 200
Întrebare
How should invulnerability be countered?
Răspuns
Treat the hazard as personally relevant: the same failure can happen on this flight.
Fișa 201
Întrebare
How do stable and unstable air usually differ?
Răspuns
Stable air favors smooth conditions, stratiform clouds, haze, and steady precipitation; unstable air favors turbulence, vertical clouds, and showery precipitation.
Fișa 202
Întrebare
Which current FAA recurrent courses serve Part 107 pilots?
Răspuns
ALC-677 is available to Part 107 certificate holders generally; ALC-515 is the recurrent path for a qualifying current Part 61 pilot with a current flight review.
Fișa 203
Întrebare
What is a published VFR route?
Răspuns
A charted route for moving around, under, or through complex airspace. It does not by itself authorize a Part 107 operation.
Fișa 204
Întrebare
What do red, green, and white position lights reveal about a crewed aircraft?
Răspuns
Red marks its left side, green its right side, and white its tail. Use the pattern to judge direction; red on your right and green on your left can indicate that the aircraft is coming toward you.
Fișa 205
Întrebare
How should a macho attitude be countered?
Răspuns
Reject the need to prove skill by taking risk; conservative choices demonstrate sound command.
Fișa 206
Întrebare
What is a temperature inversion?
Răspuns
A layer where temperature increases with altitude. It is stable and can trap fog, haze, smoke, and pollutants near the surface.
Fișa 207
Întrebare
How long can full dark adaptation take?
Răspuns
About 30 minutes in darkness. Bright light can undo it within seconds, so protect night vision before and during the operation.
Fișa 208
Întrebare
Does a current remote pilot retake the UAG test for routine recency?
Răspuns
No. Current FAA recurrent training is completed online; the old recurrent knowledge-test model is obsolete.
Fișa 209
Întrebare
What counts toward the 55-pound small-UA limit?
Răspuns
The aircraft and everything on board or attached at takeoff, including payload, guards, lights, and a Remote ID module.
Fișa 210
Întrebare
How soon may an applicant retake a failed Part 107 knowledge test?
Răspuns
After 14 calendar days.
Fișa 211
Întrebare
How do source regions shape an air mass?
Răspuns
The source region sets the air mass's basic temperature and moisture: continental air is dry, maritime air is moist, polar air is cold, and tropical air is warm.
Fișa 212
Întrebare
How should resignation be countered?
Răspuns
Identify the actions and resources still available; the pilot can change the outcome.
Fișa 213
Întrebare
What happens 30 days after a permanent mailing-address change?
Răspuns
The remote pilot may no longer exercise certificate privileges until the FAA has been notified of the new address.
Fișa 214
Întrebare
How can dehydration or heat stress affect a remote pilot?
Răspuns
It can cause headache, cramps, dizziness, fatigue, poor concentration, and eventually collapse. Hydrate, cool down, and stop before judgment degrades.
Fișa 215
Întrebare
Why must NOTAMs be checked even with a current sectional?
Răspuns
They carry time-critical changes such as TFRs, closures, outages, hazards, and procedures that may not appear on the chart.
Fișa 216
Întrebare
How can precipitation static affect a small UAS?
Răspuns
Charge from rain, snow, fog, dust, or similar particles can interfere with radios, sensors, or the control link. Avoid the condition and follow the aircraft's limits rather than relying on recovery after interference starts.
Fișa 217
Întrebare
How long may a temporary remote pilot certificate remain effective?
Răspuns
Up to 120 calendar days. It ends sooner at the earliest of its printed expiration date, receipt of the permanent certificate, or receipt of notice that the sought certificate is denied or revoked.
Fișa 218
Întrebare
What can follow cheating on a Part 107 knowledge test?
Răspuns
For one year, the person is prohibited from applying for any FAA certificate, rating, or authorization and from applying for or taking any FAA test. A held certificate or rating may also be suspended or revoked.
Fișa 219
Întrebare
How can operational stress affect a remote pilot?
Răspuns
It can narrow attention, cause fixation or haste, and degrade judgment. Reduce workload, pause and reassess, or delay or cancel the flight when stress compromises safe decisions.
Fișa 220
Întrebare
What do basic runway and taxiway light colors mean?
Răspuns
Runway edge lights are normally white and taxiway edge lights blue. Threshold lights show green toward an arriving aircraft, while runway-end lights show red toward the runway.
Fișa 221
Întrebare
What should a pilot do when hyperventilating?
Răspuns
Recognize the rapid breathing, consciously slow the breathing rate, speak or breathe deliberately, and stop the operation if normal function does not return.
Fișa 222
Întrebare
What should a night-flight contingency plan decide?
Răspuns
How to stop or land safely after loss of required lighting, visual orientation, control link, or a safe view of traffic and obstacles. Preselect a suitable recovery area and brief the trigger for ending the flight.
Fișa 223
Întrebare
What does a narrowing temperature–dew point spread suggest?
Răspuns
Air is approaching saturation, increasing the chance of fog, low clouds, dew, or precipitation.
Fișa 224
Întrebare
Does a remote pilot certificate itself expire?
Răspuns
No, but its privileges require current aeronautical knowledge within the preceding 24 calendar months.
Fișa 225
Întrebare
How do mandatory-instruction and location signs differ?
Răspuns
Mandatory-instruction signs have a red background with a white inscription. Location signs have a black background with a yellow inscription and border.
Fișa 226
Întrebare
What is LAANC used for?
Răspuns
It is an FAA system for requesting near-real-time Part 107 airspace authorization at participating facilities, subject to the published altitude grid and operating conditions.
Fișa 227
Întrebare
How should a new medication be handled before flight?
Răspuns
Do not assume over-the-counter means safe. Check the condition and medication effects, allow time to identify side effects, and avoid flying if judgment or alertness may be impaired.
Fișa 228
Întrebare
What must a Part 107 waiver applicant demonstrate?
Răspuns
That the proposed operation can be conducted safely under the waiver's terms and conditions.
Fișa 229
Întrebare
How can fog form near the surface?
Răspuns
When air cools to its dew point, moisture is added, or moist air moves over a colder surface. Light wind can help mix a shallow layer; strong wind may lift it into low stratus.
Fișa 230
Întrebare
What must be checked after attaching a payload?
Răspuns
Total weight, center of gravity, security of attachment, control response, power demand, clearances, and any category or manufacturer limits.
Fișa 231
Întrebare
Why can fatigue be hard to self-detect?
Răspuns
It reduces attention, coordination, communication, and judgment while also weakening the person's ability to recognize that decline.
Fișa 232
Întrebare
What do common obstruction-lighting systems look like at night?
Răspuns
Aviation-red systems show red lights at night. Flashing-white systems use white lights, with reduced night intensity where applicable. Dual systems use white lights by day and red lights at night.
Fișa 233
Întrebare
Does a Part 107 waiver suspend every operating rule?
Răspuns
No. It applies only to the specifically waived sections and remains subject to all listed conditions and limitations.
Fișa 234
Întrebare
Does an airspace authorization waive other Part 107 rules?
Răspuns
No. It permits the specified controlled-airspace operation but does not waive altitude, VLOS, weather, TFR, airport-interference, or other requirements.
Fișa 235
Întrebare
How should a Part 107 crew handle laser activity or illumination?
Răspuns
Avoid known or NOTAMed laser activity. If the remote pilot or control station is illuminated, look away, protect vision, and land or terminate if vision or control is affected. If you witness a laser illuminate any aircraft, record useful details and report the incident through the applicable FAA channel.
Fișa 236
Întrebare
How should a pilot scan for traffic and obstacles?
Răspuns
Use short, overlapping visual sectors with brief pauses instead of one continuous sweep, and move the scan between near and far areas.
Fișa 237
Întrebare
How should a remote pilot look for a dim object at night?
Răspuns
Look about 5° to 10° to one side instead of staring straight at it. Off-center viewing puts the image on rod-rich retina outside the central night blind spot.
Fișa 238
Întrebare
What is prohibited regarding Part 107 certificates, records, and reports?
Răspuns
Fraudulent or intentionally false statements, reproduction for a fraudulent purpose, and alteration.
Fișa 239
Întrebare
What kinds of Part 107 rules may an FAA waiver address?
Răspuns
Only the rules listed in §107.205: moving operations; night or civil-twilight anti-collision lighting; VLOS, visual-observer, and one-aircraft limits; yielding and flight over people or moving vehicles; controlled-airspace authorization; and §107.51 operating limits. Moving-operation and VLOS waivers can't authorize compensated carriage of another person's property.
Fișa 240
Întrebare
When may a drone fly over a person without using Category 1–4?
Răspuns
When the person directly participates in the operation, or is under a covered structure or inside a stationary vehicle that provides reasonable protection from a falling drone.
Fișa 241
Întrebare
What changes should be expected near a front?
Răspuns
Temperature, wind, moisture, clouds, and precipitation can change quickly across the boundary between air masses.
Fișa 242
Întrebare
What is the first concern when operating near an airport traffic pattern?
Răspuns
Avoid interfering with crewed-aircraft operations and maintain awareness of arrivals, departures, and the published traffic pattern.
Fișa 243
Întrebare
Does an older manufacture date automatically bar a drone from Part 107 use?
Răspuns
No. It may operate if it meets all current requirements that apply to the operation, including registration, Remote ID, condition, and any operations-over-people category.
Fișa 244
Întrebare
What is autokinesis?
Răspuns
A stationary light can appear to move when stared at against a dark background. Shift the gaze and use other references instead of fixating.
Fișa 245
Întrebare
Does Part 107 set one universal stand-off distance from people?
Răspuns
No. The remote PIC selects and adjusts a safe distance from the aircraft's path, speed, maneuverability, environment, people, likely failures, and emergency landing options.
Fișa 246
Întrebare
Why is a battery reserve part of performance planning?
Răspuns
Wind, temperature, maneuvering, holding, and an alternate landing area can consume more energy than the nominal mission estimate.
Fișa 247
Întrebare
What makes a microburst dangerous near the surface?
Răspuns
It is an intense, localized downdraft that spreads outward at the surface, producing rapid vertical and horizontal wind shear with little low-altitude recovery margin.
Fișa 248
Întrebare
What makes a drone eligible for Category 1 operations over people?
Răspuns
It must weigh 0.55 pound or less throughout the operation, including attachments, and have no exposed rotating parts that would lacerate human skin.
Fișa 249
Întrebare
How do buildings and terrain affect low-level wind?
Răspuns
They can create gusts, rotors, downdrafts, and turbulence downwind. The stronger the wind and larger the obstacle, the greater the hazard.
Fișa 250
Întrebare
Why should a small UAS stay clear of smoke-stack and cooling-tower plumes?
Răspuns
Visible or invisible hot exhaust can create turbulence, vertical shear, reduced visibility, contamination, and icing. Stay clear—preferably upwind—because the plume's extent is hard to predict.
Fișa 251
Întrebare
What is a false-horizon illusion?
Răspuns
Sloping clouds, terrain, or lights can be mistaken for the true horizon, leading to an incorrect attitude judgment.
Fișa 252
Întrebare
What should an operations-over-people contingency plan decide?
Răspuns
When to stop, divert, or land away from people after lost link, component failure, an eligibility-changing configuration issue, or unexpected crowd movement—and who will call and execute that action.
Fișa 253
Întrebare
From where is Part 107 flight visibility measured?
Răspuns
From the location of the control station, not from a nearby airport weather sensor.
Fișa 254
Întrebare
What injury threshold defines Category 2 eligibility?
Răspuns
The aircraft must not cause injury equivalent to or greater than the severity caused by transferring 11 foot-pounds of kinetic energy upon impact from a rigid object. It must also meet the rule's rotating-part and safety-defect requirements.
Fișa 255
Întrebare
What is the baseline source for small-UAS maintenance?
Răspuns
The current manufacturer or builder instructions, supplemented by the operator's inspection and maintenance program for the actual use and environment.
Fișa 256
Întrebare
Why is low-level wind shear dangerous to a small UAS?
Răspuns
A rapid change in wind speed or direction can abruptly change airspeed, lift, attitude, and ground track close to obstacles or terrain.
Fișa 257
Întrebare
Why are guy wires a serious low-altitude hazard?
Răspuns
They can extend far from a tower and remain nearly invisible even in good weather. Give towers and their support systems wide clearance.
Fișa 258
Întrebare
What injury threshold defines Category 3 eligibility?
Răspuns
The aircraft must not cause injury equivalent to or greater than the severity caused by transferring 25 foot-pounds of kinetic energy upon impact from a rigid object. It must also meet the rule's rotating-part and safety-defect requirements.
Fișa 259
Întrebare
Which data controls an aircraft's exact loading limits?
Răspuns
The current manufacturer or builder operating instructions and limitations for that aircraft and configuration.
Fișa 260
Întrebare
Who may perform maintenance on a Part 107 small UAS?
Răspuns
Part 107 generally doesn't require an FAA mechanic certificate. Follow manufacturer-required personnel or use someone with suitable expertise; Category 4 separately requires the person to have the knowledge, skill, and appropriate equipment under §107.140(c).
Fișa 261
Întrebare
What makes a tornado a no-go hazard for a small UAS?
Răspuns
It combines extreme, rapidly changing winds, violent vertical motion, debris, and an unpredictable path. Stay well clear of any tornado or tornado-producing storm; don't try to observe it from the air.
Fișa 262
Întrebare
What is the core requirement for Category 4 operations over people?
Răspuns
The aircraft must have an FAA airworthiness certificate and be operated and maintained under its approved operating limitations.
Fișa 263
Întrebare
What should Category 2 or 3 remote-pilot operating instructions tell the pilot?
Răspuns
They should describe the system and its limitations; eligible categories and required components; allowed modifications; and how to verify or change the applicable configuration or operating mode.
Fișa 264
Întrebare
Why can an unlighted structure be more hazardous at night?
Răspuns
Its silhouette and support wires may disappear against the background. Chart review, site inspection, lighting checks, and conservative separation become more important.
Fișa 265
Întrebare
Why is hail a no-go hazard for a small UAS?
Răspuns
It can damage propellers, rotors, sensors, antennas, batteries, and the airframe, while nearby convective turbulence and downdrafts can overwhelm control. Avoid any storm producing or forecast to produce hail.
Fișa 266
Întrebare
What performance check follows a repair or configuration change?
Răspuns
Verify weight, balance, control response, power, links, sensors, and expected endurance in a safe environment before returning to the planned mission.
Fișa 267
Întrebare
When may a Category 2 or 3 drone carry an optional component or payload?
Răspuns
Only when the remote pilot operating instructions allow that component, payload, or modification for the declared configuration. It must remain securely attached and within every listed limitation.
Fișa 268
Întrebare
What is the Part 107 response to an emergency airborne inspection of another aircraft?
Răspuns
Stay clear and yield; don't improvise a close pass. Proximity, wake or downwash, stress, communications, separation, and escape-path risks can endanger both aircraft.
Fișa 269
Întrebare
Why should a small UAS avoid lightning activity?
Răspuns
A strike or nearby electrical discharge can damage electronics, interrupt navigation or control links, and injure people on the ground. Stay clear of thunderstorms and land or delay when lightning threatens the operating area.
Fișa 270
Întrebare
For Part 107 Category 1, 2, or 4 sustained flight over an open-air assembly, which Remote ID methods qualify, and what is the Category 3 rule?
Răspuns
Use either a Standard Remote ID aircraft that meets §89.110 or a broadcast-module operation that meets §89.115(a). A nonbroadcast FRIA operation under §89.115(b) does not qualify, and Category 3 operations over an open-air assembly are prohibited.
Fișa 271
Întrebare
How do an operations-over-people MOC and DOC differ?
Răspuns
An MOC is the FAA-accepted test, analysis, or inspection method. A DOC identifies that MOC and attests that the declared aircraft or configuration meets the applicable Category 2 or 3 and safety-defect requirements.
Fișa 272
Întrebare
Why must frost or structural icing be removed before flight?
Răspuns
It disrupts airflow, reduces lift, adds weight, increases drag, and can degrade propeller or control-surface performance.
Fișa 273
Întrebare
What hazards peak in a mature thunderstorm?
Răspuns
Strong updrafts and downdrafts, severe turbulence, gust fronts, microbursts, hail, lightning, heavy rain, and possible tornadoes. Avoid the storm rather than trying to judge a safe path through it.
Fișa 274
Întrebare
Where may a Category 3 drone operate over people?
Răspuns
At a closed or restricted-access site with notice to entrants, or without sustained flight over people except for participants or people protected by a structure or stationary vehicle.
Fișa 275
Întrebare
What maintenance records are required for Category 4?
Răspuns
Record the work, date, and person for one year or until the work is repeated or superseded. Retain life-limited-part, inspection, and airworthiness-directive status and transfer those status records with the aircraft.
Fișa 276
Întrebare
What should the remote PIC evaluate when selecting an area for operations over people?
Răspuns
Evaluate people, moving vehicles and vessels; terrain and structures; the planned path, aircraft performance, and maneuverability; weather; likely failures, escape routes, and emergency landing options; and the pilot's familiarity with the site. Reassess as conditions change.
Fișa 277
Întrebare
When may a Category 4 drone operate over people inside moving vehicles?
Răspuns
Only when the aircraft has the required airworthiness certificate and its operating limitations don't prohibit operations over people inside moving vehicles.
Fișa 278
Întrebare
How can a modification affect operations-over-people eligibility?
Răspuns
A change to weight, structure, rotating parts, software, or required components can invalidate the demonstrated category unless the current approval and instructions cover that configuration.
Fișa 279
Întrebare
Are maintenance records useful when Part 107 doesn't require Category 4 records?
Răspuns
Yes. FAA guidance recommends logging inspections, repairs, alterations, software changes, component time, and return-to-service checks. Category 4 has a separate mandatory record system.
Fișa 280
Întrebare
What must be satisfied for a Part 107 operation over people at night?
Răspuns
Both the applicable Subpart D category rules and §107.29 night rules must be met. The remote PIC needs the applicable night knowledge or training, and the aircraft must stay in an eligible configuration with any operating instructions followed and an anti-collision light visible for at least 3 statute miles with a sufficient flash rate.
Fișa 281
Întrebare
How long must Category 2 or 3 MOC and DOC support records be kept?
Răspuns
A DOC producer keeps supporting data for two years after production ends; a designer or modifier keeps it for two years after submitting the DOC. An MOC submitter keeps its description and justification while the MOC remains FAA-accepted.
Fișa 282
Întrebare
What must the remote PIC check on a Category 2 or 3 aircraft?
Răspuns
The required category label, FAA-accepted Declaration of Compliance listing, current operating instructions, required components, and condition for safe operation.
Fișa 283
Întrebare
When may a Category 1, 2, or 3 drone operate over moving vehicles?
Răspuns
At a closed- or restricted-access site where everyone inside a moving vehicle is on notice, or when the aircraft does not maintain sustained flight over moving vehicles. A brief, one-time transit can be incidental; hovering, circling, or repeated back-and-forth passes are sustained flight.
Fișa 284
Întrebare
May a drone qualify for more than one operations-over-people category?
Răspuns
Yes, but it must not be able to switch inadvertently into a configuration that fails the category being used.
Fișa 285
Întrebare
Who becomes the applicant for a self-built or materially modified Category 2 or 3 drone?
Răspuns
The person who produces, designs, builds from separate components, or makes an eligibility-changing modification. Before Category 2 or 3 operations, that applicant must show compliance through an FAA-accepted MOC and submit a new DOC.
Fișa 286
Întrebare
What should follow maintenance before a normal mission?
Răspuns
Document the work as appropriate, inspect the aircraft, verify correct assembly and software settings, and perform a controlled functional check.
286 de fișe
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