VSEPR Flashcards: Molecular Geometry & Bond Angles
Practice VSEPR shapes, electron geometry, lone pairs, AXE notation, and ideal bond angles with 78 focused English flashcards.
Tentang dek ini
Practice VSEPR molecular geometry with 78 English flashcards for high-school and introductory-college chemistry. You should already be able to read simple formulas and Lewis structures. This is focused shape prediction and recall, not a complete chemistry course.
Cards map electron-domain counts to electron geometry; AXE notation to molecular shape and, where lone pairs change the shape, to electron geometry; and selected molecular formulas to shape. Separate prompts retrieve ideal bond-angle benchmarks. A few reverse prompts recover AXE notation from a shape plus its domain count. Contrast and error-diagnosis questions distinguish electron geometry from molecular geometry, count multiple bonds correctly, and show why a shape name alone may not determine the domain count or an exact angle.
The 13 cases are AX₂; AX₃ and AX₂E; AX₄, AX₃E, and AX₂E₂; AX₅, AX₄E, AX₃E₂, and AX₂E₃; and AX₆, AX₅E, and AX₄E₂. Later cards cover axial and equatorial sites, usual lone-pair placements, and ideal versus actual angles. The sequence starts with domains and notation, develops two-to-four-domain cases, then interleaves five- and six-domain cases before final comparisons. Related prompts are separated; the review scheduler handles longer-term spacing.
Practice is text based. Diagram identification, exhaustive Lewis-structure construction, formal charges, polarity, radicals, transition-metal coordination, seven-domain cases, hybridization, and molecular-orbital theory are excluded to keep the deck focused. Shape-to-molecule lists and every possible reverse mapping are omitted because many answers would be valid. Numerical species-angle tables are omitted: ideal benchmarks do not give exact measured angles for every molecule.
All cards carry the VSEPR tag. Original questions, answers, organization, and metadata were prepared with AI assistance and checked against university chemistry references. The cover is an original AI-generated illustration of a generic tetrahedral model; its colors do not identify elements. No source prose, diagrams, competitor cards, or examination questions were copied. Common chemical facts are not claimed as proprietary. Original material, including the generated cover to the extent applicable rights exist, is dedicated under CC0 1.0. This is independent study material, with no university, course, or examination endorsement.
Kad dalam dek ini
Kad 1
Soalan
In VSEPR, what is an electron domain around a central atom?
Jawapan
A region of electron density: one bond to a neighboring atom, regardless of bond order, or one lone pair.
Kad 2
Soalan
What does the VSEPR model use to predict a central atom’s geometry?
Jawapan
Repulsion between electron domains. The domains favor an arrangement that reduces their mutual repulsion.
Kad 3
Soalan
In AXₙEₘ notation, what does A represent?
Jawapan
The central atom whose local geometry is being described.
Kad 4
Soalan
How do electron geometry and molecular geometry differ in VSEPR?
Jawapan
Electron geometry includes all electron domains. Molecular geometry describes the arrangement of atoms around the central atom, leaving lone pairs out of the shape name.
Kad 5
Soalan
How many VSEPR domains does one triple bond contribute at either bonded atom?
Jawapan
One domain. Three shared electron pairs occupy one bonding direction.
Kad 6
Soalan
In AXₙEₘ notation, what does n count?
Jawapan
Atoms directly bonded to the central atom. A double or triple bond still contributes one X.
Kad 7
Soalan
For a molecule with several central atoms, where do you apply VSEPR?
Jawapan
At each central atom separately, using its own bonded neighbors and lone pairs.
Kad 8
Soalan
In AXₙEₘ notation, what does m count?
Jawapan
Lone pairs on the central atom. E counts pairs, not individual electrons.
Kad 9
Soalan
For an AXₙEₘ center in the usual closed-shell VSEPR model, how many electron domains are present?
Jawapan
n + m domains: bonded neighbors plus lone pairs.
Kad 10
Soalan
VSEPR molecular shape of AX₂, with no lone pairs on A?
Jawapan
Linear. The two bonded atoms lie on opposite sides of the central atom.
Kad 11
Soalan
VSEPR molecular shape of AX₃, with no lone pairs on A?
Jawapan
Trigonal planar. The central atom and three bonded atoms lie in one plane.
Kad 12
Soalan
In an X–A–X bond angle, at which atom is the angle measured?
Jawapan
At A, the central atom, between the two bonds to X atoms.
Kad 13
Soalan
Does a lone pair count as one VSEPR domain or two?
Jawapan
One domain. The pair contains two electrons, but it occupies one region around the central atom.
Kad 14
Soalan
VSEPR molecular shape of AX₄, with no lone pairs on A?
Jawapan
Tetrahedral. The four bonded atoms occupy the corners of a tetrahedron around A.
Kad 15
Soalan
VSEPR molecular shape of AX₂E?
Jawapan
Bent, also called angular or V-shaped. There are two bonded atoms and one lone pair around A.
Kad 16
Soalan
What is the ideal X–A–X bond angle in AX₂ with no lone pairs?
Jawapan
180°.
Kad 17
Soalan
What electron geometry does VSEPR assign to three domains around a central atom?
Jawapan
Trigonal planar.
Kad 18
Soalan
VSEPR molecular shape of AX₃E?
Jawapan
Trigonal pyramidal. Three bonded atoms and one lone pair occupy four electron domains.
Kad 19
Soalan
What is the ideal X–A–X bond angle in tetrahedral AX₄?
Jawapan
About 109.5°.
Kad 20
Soalan
A central atom has two bonded neighbors and two lone pairs. What is its AXE notation?
Jawapan
AX₂E₂.
Kad 21
Soalan
What is the ideal X–A–X bond angle in trigonal planar AX₃?
Jawapan
120°.
Kad 22
Soalan
VSEPR molecular shape of AX₂E₂?
Jawapan
Bent, also called angular or V-shaped. Two lone pairs occupy the other two domains.
Kad 23
Soalan
What is the electron geometry around A in AX₃E?
Jawapan
Tetrahedral: three bonding domains plus one lone-pair domain.
Kad 24
Soalan
In O=C=O, how many electron domains surround carbon?
Jawapan
Two domains. Each C=O double bond counts once.
Kad 25
Soalan
What is the electron geometry around A in AX₂E?
Jawapan
Trigonal planar: two bonding domains plus one lone-pair domain.
Kad 26
Soalan
What molecular shape does VSEPR predict around carbon in CH₄?
Jawapan
Tetrahedral. Carbon has four bonded neighbors and no lone pairs.
Kad 27
Soalan
A learner counts a double bond as two VSEPR domains. What should they correct?
Jawapan
Count it as one domain. Bond order changes the number of shared electrons, not the number of bonded directions.
Kad 28
Soalan
What molecular shape does VSEPR predict around nitrogen in NH₃?
Jawapan
Trigonal pyramidal. Nitrogen has three bonded neighbors and one lone pair.
Kad 29
Soalan
What electron geometry does VSEPR assign to four domains around a central atom?
Jawapan
Tetrahedral.
Kad 30
Soalan
What molecular shape does VSEPR predict around oxygen in H₂O?
Jawapan
Bent. Oxygen has two bonded neighbors and two lone pairs.
Kad 31
Soalan
What molecular shape does VSEPR predict around carbon in the carbonate ion, CO₃²⁻?
Jawapan
Trigonal planar. The three C–O bonding directions give three domains, even when a Lewis structure shows one double bond.
Kad 32
Soalan
In the simple VSEPR model, how does a central lone pair usually affect neighboring bond angles?
Jawapan
It tends to compress nearby bond angles because its electron density occupies more space near the central atom. This is a qualitative tendency, not a fixed number of degrees.
Kad 33
Soalan
A VSEPR center is trigonal pyramidal with four total domains. What is its AXE notation?
Jawapan
AX₃E: three bonded atoms and one lone pair.
Kad 34
Soalan
Which two common AXE cases give a bent molecular shape with three or four total domains?
Jawapan
AX₂E with three domains, and AX₂E₂ with four domains. Their electron geometries differ.
Kad 35
Soalan
What electron geometry does VSEPR assign to five domains around a central atom?
Jawapan
Trigonal bipyramidal.
Kad 36
Soalan
What electron geometry does VSEPR assign to six domains around a central atom?
Jawapan
Octahedral.
Kad 37
Soalan
Does an ideal VSEPR angle give the exact measured angle in every molecule of that shape?
Jawapan
No. It is a geometric benchmark; lone pairs and the bonding environment can change actual angles.
Kad 38
Soalan
How many axial and equatorial positions are in a trigonal bipyramid?
Jawapan
Two axial positions and three equatorial positions.
Kad 39
Soalan
VSEPR molecular shape of AX₅, with no lone pairs on A?
Jawapan
Trigonal bipyramidal.
Kad 40
Soalan
VSEPR molecular shape of AX₆, with no lone pairs on A?
Jawapan
Octahedral.
Kad 41
Soalan
VSEPR molecular shape of AX₄E in the usual lowest-repulsion arrangement?
Jawapan
Seesaw. The lone pair occupies an equatorial position in a trigonal-bipyramidal domain arrangement.
Kad 42
Soalan
In an ideal trigonal bipyramid, what is the angle between two equatorial bonds?
Jawapan
120°.
Kad 43
Soalan
VSEPR molecular shape of AX₃E₂ in the usual lowest-repulsion arrangement?
Jawapan
T-shaped. Both lone pairs occupy equatorial positions.
Kad 44
Soalan
VSEPR molecular shape of AX₅E?
Jawapan
Square pyramidal. One lone pair occupies the sixth position of an octahedral domain arrangement.
Kad 45
Soalan
In an ideal trigonal bipyramid, what is the angle between an axial bond and an equatorial bond?
Jawapan
90°.
Kad 46
Soalan
VSEPR molecular shape of AX₂E₃ in the usual lowest-repulsion arrangement?
Jawapan
Linear. Three equatorial lone pairs leave the two bonded atoms in opposite axial positions.
Kad 47
Soalan
VSEPR molecular shape of AX₄E₂ in the usual lowest-repulsion arrangement?
Jawapan
Square planar. Two opposite lone pairs leave four bonded atoms in a square around A.
Kad 48
Soalan
In a trigonal-bipyramidal domain arrangement, which sites do lone pairs preferentially occupy?
Jawapan
Equatorial sites, in the usual VSEPR arrangements with one to three lone pairs.
Kad 49
Soalan
Which X–A–X angles occur in an ideal octahedral AX₆ molecule?
Jawapan
90° between adjacent bonds and 180° between opposite bonds.
Kad 50
Soalan
A VSEPR center has a seesaw shape and five total domains. What is its AXE notation?
Jawapan
AX₄E.
Kad 51
Soalan
A VSEPR center has a T-shaped molecular geometry and five total domains. What is its AXE notation?
Jawapan
AX₃E₂.
Kad 52
Soalan
In an ideal trigonal bipyramid, what is the angle between its two axial bonds?
Jawapan
180°. The axial positions lie on opposite sides of the central atom.
Kad 53
Soalan
A VSEPR center is square pyramidal with six total domains. What is its AXE notation?
Jawapan
AX₅E.
Kad 54
Soalan
In the usual octahedral AX₄E₂ arrangement, how are the two lone pairs positioned relative to each other?
Jawapan
Opposite each other, 180° apart in the ideal domain arrangement.
Kad 55
Soalan
What molecular shape does VSEPR predict for an isolated SF₄ molecule?
Jawapan
Seesaw. Sulfur has four bonded fluorine atoms and one lone pair.
Kad 56
Soalan
What molecular shape does VSEPR predict for an isolated XeF₂ molecule?
Jawapan
Linear. Xenon has two bonded fluorine atoms and three lone pairs.
Kad 57
Soalan
What is the electron geometry around A in AX₃E₂?
Jawapan
Trigonal bipyramidal: three bonding domains plus two lone-pair domains.
Kad 58
Soalan
What molecular shape does VSEPR predict for an isolated BrF₅ molecule?
Jawapan
Square pyramidal. Bromine has five bonded fluorine atoms and one lone pair.
Kad 59
Soalan
What molecular shape does VSEPR predict for an isolated XeF₄ molecule?
Jawapan
Square planar. Xenon has four bonded fluorine atoms and two opposite lone pairs.
Kad 60
Soalan
What is the electron geometry around A in AX₄E?
Jawapan
Trigonal bipyramidal: four bonding domains plus one lone-pair domain.
Kad 61
Soalan
What molecular shape does VSEPR predict for an isolated ClF₃ molecule?
Jawapan
T-shaped. Chlorine has three bonded fluorine atoms and two equatorial lone pairs.
Kad 62
Soalan
What is the electron geometry around A in AX₅E?
Jawapan
Octahedral: five bonding domains plus one lone-pair domain.
Kad 63
Soalan
What is the electron geometry around A in AX₂E₃?
Jawapan
Trigonal bipyramidal: two bonding domains plus three lone-pair domains.
Kad 64
Soalan
What molecular shape does VSEPR predict for an isolated SF₆ molecule?
Jawapan
Octahedral. Sulfur has six bonded fluorine atoms and no lone pairs.
Kad 65
Soalan
Which bond angles occur in an idealized T-shaped AX₃E₂ arrangement?
Jawapan
90° and 180°. These are parent-geometry benchmarks; a real molecule can be distorted.
Kad 66
Soalan
What is the electron geometry around A in AX₄E₂?
Jawapan
Octahedral: four bonding domains plus two lone-pair domains.
Kad 67
Soalan
Why does an octahedral VSEPR arrangement have six domains despite the name’s reference to eight?
Jawapan
The six domains point toward the six vertices of an octahedron. Eight refers to the solid’s faces.
Kad 68
Soalan
Why does a lone pair in AX₄E favor an equatorial site over an axial site?
Jawapan
An equatorial site has two 90° interactions with other domains; an axial site has three. The equatorial choice reduces these close repulsions.
Kad 69
Soalan
Which common AXE cases give a linear molecular shape with two or five total domains?
Jawapan
AX₂ with two domains, and AX₂E₃ with five domains. A linear shape alone does not determine the electron geometry.
Kad 70
Soalan
Which bond angles occur in an idealized square-pyramidal AX₅E arrangement?
Jawapan
90° and 180°. Actual angles can deviate from these octahedral parent benchmarks.
Kad 71
Soalan
A VSEPR center is square planar with six total domains. What is its AXE notation?
Jawapan
AX₄E₂.
Kad 72
Soalan
A learner assigns every bent molecule the same bond angle. What information are they missing?
Jawapan
The electron-domain arrangement and the particular molecule. Bent includes AX₂E and AX₂E₂, and actual angles depend on the species.
Kad 73
Soalan
A learner calls NH₃ tetrahedral because nitrogen has four domains. What shape distinction resolves the error?
Jawapan
Tetrahedral is its electron geometry. Its molecular geometry is trigonal pyramidal because only the three bonded atoms define that shape.
Kad 74
Soalan
Why can four bonded atoms give tetrahedral AX₄ but square planar AX₄E₂?
Jawapan
AX₄ has four total domains. AX₄E₂ has six total domains, with two opposite lone pairs in an octahedral arrangement.
Kad 75
Soalan
Which ideal parent angles are the benchmarks for an AX₄E seesaw arrangement?
Jawapan
90°, 120°, and 180° from trigonal-bipyramidal electron geometry. Lone-pair repulsion can distort the actual bond angles.
Kad 76
Soalan
What molecular shape does VSEPR predict for an isolated PF₅ molecule?
Jawapan
Trigonal bipyramidal. Phosphorus has five bonded fluorine atoms and no lone pairs.
Kad 77
Soalan
What is the electron geometry around A in AX₂E₂?
Jawapan
Tetrahedral: two bonding domains plus two lone-pair domains.
Kad 78
Soalan
Which X–A–X bond angles occur in an ideal square-planar AX₄E₂ arrangement?
Jawapan
90° between adjacent bonds and 180° between opposite bonds.
78 kad
VSEPR Flashcards: Molecular Geometry & Bond Angles
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