Circle of Fifths Flashcards: Keys, Signatures & Relative Minors
Practice major and minor keys, spelled key signatures, relative-key pairs, accidental order, and neighboring circle positions.
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Reading a finished circle is easy; recalling one relationship without the wheel is the useful part. These 87 text-only cards make you rebuild the circle of fifths from small, practical mappings.
What the cards practice
- Circle rule → musical change: recall what clockwise and counterclockwise moves do to the tonic and key signature, plus how relative keys and accidental order work.
- Major key → spelled signature: name every accidental for all 15 conventional spellings from C♭ major through C♯ major.
- Written accidental set → major and relative minor: reverse each of those 15 signatures without relying on a staff image.
- Major key ↔ relative minor: practice all 15 pairs in both directions, keeping spellings such as D♯ minor and E♭ minor distinct.
- Local circle move → neighboring major key: move clockwise or counterclockwise across every conventional adjacent pair, including the separate sharp-side and flat-side routes at the bottom.
- Enharmonic pair → spelling distinction: compare B/C♭, F♯/G♭, and C♯/D♭ by signature and relative minor.
The deck leaves out ear training, staff-image identification, chord progressions, and exhaustive scale spelling. Staff recognition is already covered by the Major & Minor Key Signatures deck; this deck focuses on recalling the relationships behind the diagram.
The order starts with interleaved reconstruction rules, introduces signatures from zero accidentals outward, and then separates reverse and relative-key prompts with deterministic strides. The final block interleaves neighbor moves and enharmonic comparisons after their spellings are familiar. The review scheduler handles longer-term spacing after installation.
Facts were independently checked against Open Music Theory, musictheory.net, and Berklee Online. The questions, answers, selection, sequence, metadata, and generated cover are shared under CC0 1.0 to the extent those original elements can be dedicated. Musical facts remain common knowledge. No third-party media or protected deck text was used.
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Kaart 1
Küsimus
In what order are sharps added to key signatures?
Vastus
F♯, C♯, G♯, D♯, A♯, E♯, B♯.
Kaart 2
Küsimus
What changes when you move one step clockwise on the circle of fifths?
Vastus
The tonic moves up a perfect fifth. The signature shifts one step toward sharps: add one sharp or remove one flat.
Kaart 3
Küsimus
What makes a major key and a minor key relative?
Vastus
They share the same key signature. Their tonics and modes are different.
Kaart 4
Küsimus
How can you find a major key's relative minor tonic?
Vastus
Go down a minor third from the major tonic. It is also scale degree 6 of the major scale.
Kaart 5
Küsimus
In what order are flats added to key signatures?
Vastus
B♭, E♭, A♭, D♭, G♭, C♭, F♭.
Kaart 6
Küsimus
What changes when you move one step counterclockwise on the circle of fifths?
Vastus
The tonic moves down a perfect fifth. The signature shifts one step toward flats: add one flat or remove one sharp.
Kaart 7
Küsimus
Why do 15 conventional major key signatures fit into 12 pitch-class positions?
Vastus
Three positions have two enharmonic spellings. B/C♭, F♯/G♭, and C♯/D♭ sound alike in equal temperament but use different written signatures.
Kaart 8
Küsimus
How can you find a minor key's relative major tonic?
Vastus
Go up a minor third from the minor tonic. It is also scale degree 3 of the natural minor scale.
Kaart 9
Küsimus
How are the conventional sharp and flat orders related?
Vastus
They are exact reverses. F–C–G–D–A–E–B for sharps becomes B–E–A–D–G–C–F for flats.
Kaart 10
Küsimus
What is normally true of neighboring major keys on the circle?
Vastus
Their key signatures differ by one accidental. Keep the sharp-side or flat-side spelling consistent at the enharmonic bottom.
Kaart 11
Küsimus
What is the key signature of C major?
Vastus
No sharps or flats.
Kaart 12
Küsimus
What is the key signature of G major?
Vastus
1 sharp: F♯.
Kaart 13
Küsimus
What is the key signature of F major?
Vastus
1 flat: B♭.
Kaart 14
Küsimus
What is the key signature of D major?
Vastus
2 sharps: F♯, C♯.
Kaart 15
Küsimus
What is the key signature of B♭ major?
Vastus
2 flats: B♭, E♭.
Kaart 16
Küsimus
What is the key signature of A major?
Vastus
3 sharps: F♯, C♯, G♯.
Kaart 17
Küsimus
What is the key signature of E♭ major?
Vastus
3 flats: B♭, E♭, A♭.
Kaart 18
Küsimus
What is the key signature of E major?
Vastus
4 sharps: F♯, C♯, G♯, D♯.
Kaart 19
Küsimus
What is the key signature of A♭ major?
Vastus
4 flats: B♭, E♭, A♭, D♭.
Kaart 20
Küsimus
What is the key signature of B major?
Vastus
5 sharps: F♯, C♯, G♯, D♯, A♯.
Kaart 21
Küsimus
What is the key signature of D♭ major?
Vastus
5 flats: B♭, E♭, A♭, D♭, G♭.
Kaart 22
Küsimus
What is the key signature of F♯ major?
Vastus
6 sharps: F♯, C♯, G♯, D♯, A♯, E♯.
Kaart 23
Küsimus
What is the key signature of G♭ major?
Vastus
6 flats: B♭, E♭, A♭, D♭, G♭, C♭.
Kaart 24
Küsimus
What is the key signature of C♯ major?
Vastus
7 sharps: F♯, C♯, G♯, D♯, A♯, E♯, B♯.
Kaart 25
Küsimus
What is the key signature of C♭ major?
Vastus
7 flats: B♭, E♭, A♭, D♭, G♭, C♭, F♭.
Kaart 26
Küsimus
No sharps or flats — name the conventional major key and its relative minor.
Vastus
C major and A minor.
Kaart 27
Küsimus
2 flats (B♭, E♭) — name the conventional major key and its relative minor.
Vastus
B♭ major and G minor.
Kaart 28
Küsimus
4 flats (B♭, E♭, A♭, D♭) — name the conventional major key and its relative minor.
Vastus
A♭ major and F minor.
Kaart 29
Küsimus
6 flats (B♭, E♭, A♭, D♭, G♭, C♭) — name the conventional major key and its relative minor.
Vastus
G♭ major and E♭ minor.
Kaart 30
Küsimus
1 sharp (F♯) — name the conventional major key and its relative minor.
Vastus
G major and E minor.
Kaart 31
Küsimus
3 sharps (F♯, C♯, G♯) — name the conventional major key and its relative minor.
Vastus
A major and F♯ minor.
Kaart 32
Küsimus
5 sharps (F♯, C♯, G♯, D♯, A♯) — name the conventional major key and its relative minor.
Vastus
B major and G♯ minor.
Kaart 33
Küsimus
7 sharps (F♯, C♯, G♯, D♯, A♯, E♯, B♯) — name the conventional major key and its relative minor.
Vastus
C♯ major and A♯ minor.
Kaart 34
Küsimus
1 flat (B♭) — name the conventional major key and its relative minor.
Vastus
F major and D minor.
Kaart 35
Küsimus
3 flats (B♭, E♭, A♭) — name the conventional major key and its relative minor.
Vastus
E♭ major and C minor.
Kaart 36
Küsimus
5 flats (B♭, E♭, A♭, D♭, G♭) — name the conventional major key and its relative minor.
Vastus
D♭ major and B♭ minor.
Kaart 37
Küsimus
7 flats (B♭, E♭, A♭, D♭, G♭, C♭, F♭) — name the conventional major key and its relative minor.
Vastus
C♭ major and A♭ minor.
Kaart 38
Küsimus
2 sharps (F♯, C♯) — name the conventional major key and its relative minor.
Vastus
D major and B minor.
Kaart 39
Küsimus
4 sharps (F♯, C♯, G♯, D♯) — name the conventional major key and its relative minor.
Vastus
E major and C♯ minor.
Kaart 40
Küsimus
6 sharps (F♯, C♯, G♯, D♯, A♯, E♯) — name the conventional major key and its relative minor.
Vastus
F♯ major and D♯ minor.
Kaart 41
Küsimus
What is the relative minor of C major?
Vastus
A minor. Both keys have no sharps or flats.
Kaart 42
Küsimus
What is the relative minor of E major?
Vastus
C♯ minor. Both keys have four sharps.
Kaart 43
Küsimus
What is the relative minor of C♭ major?
Vastus
A♭ minor. Both keys have seven flats.
Kaart 44
Küsimus
What is the relative minor of E♭ major?
Vastus
C minor. Both keys have three flats.
Kaart 45
Küsimus
What is the relative minor of C♯ major?
Vastus
A♯ minor. Both keys have seven sharps.
Kaart 46
Küsimus
What is the relative minor of A major?
Vastus
F♯ minor. Both keys have three sharps.
Kaart 47
Küsimus
What is the relative minor of G♭ major?
Vastus
E♭ minor. Both keys have six flats.
Kaart 48
Küsimus
What is the relative minor of B♭ major?
Vastus
G minor. Both keys have two flats.
Kaart 49
Küsimus
What is the relative minor of F♯ major?
Vastus
D♯ minor. Both keys have six sharps.
Kaart 50
Küsimus
What is the relative minor of D major?
Vastus
B minor. Both keys have two sharps.
Kaart 51
Küsimus
What is the relative minor of D♭ major?
Vastus
B♭ minor. Both keys have five flats.
Kaart 52
Küsimus
What is the relative minor of F major?
Vastus
D minor. Both keys have one flat.
Kaart 53
Küsimus
What is the relative minor of B major?
Vastus
G♯ minor. Both keys have five sharps.
Kaart 54
Küsimus
What is the relative minor of G major?
Vastus
E minor. Both keys have one sharp.
Kaart 55
Küsimus
What is the relative minor of A♭ major?
Vastus
F minor. Both keys have four flats.
Kaart 56
Küsimus
What is the relative major of B minor?
Vastus
D major. Both keys have two sharps.
Kaart 57
Küsimus
What is the relative major of A♭ minor?
Vastus
C♭ major. Both keys have seven flats.
Kaart 58
Küsimus
What is the relative major of B♭ minor?
Vastus
D♭ major. Both keys have five flats.
Kaart 59
Küsimus
What is the relative major of C minor?
Vastus
E♭ major. Both keys have three flats.
Kaart 60
Küsimus
What is the relative major of D minor?
Vastus
F major. Both keys have one flat.
Kaart 61
Küsimus
What is the relative major of A♯ minor?
Vastus
C♯ major. Both keys have seven sharps.
Kaart 62
Küsimus
What is the relative major of G♯ minor?
Vastus
B major. Both keys have five sharps.
Kaart 63
Küsimus
What is the relative major of F♯ minor?
Vastus
A major. Both keys have three sharps.
Kaart 64
Küsimus
What is the relative major of E minor?
Vastus
G major. Both keys have one sharp.
Kaart 65
Küsimus
What is the relative major of E♭ minor?
Vastus
G♭ major. Both keys have six flats.
Kaart 66
Küsimus
What is the relative major of F minor?
Vastus
A♭ major. Both keys have four flats.
Kaart 67
Küsimus
What is the relative major of G minor?
Vastus
B♭ major. Both keys have two flats.
Kaart 68
Küsimus
What is the relative major of A minor?
Vastus
C major. Both keys have no sharps or flats.
Kaart 69
Küsimus
What is the relative major of D♯ minor?
Vastus
F♯ major. Both keys have six sharps.
Kaart 70
Küsimus
What is the relative major of C♯ minor?
Vastus
E major. Both keys have four sharps.
Kaart 71
Küsimus
Move one step counterclockwise from F♯ major. Which major key is next?
Vastus
B major. The move goes down a perfect fifth and reduces six sharps to five.
Kaart 72
Küsimus
How do C♯ major and D♭ major differ at the enharmonic bottom of the circle?
Vastus
C♯ major has seven sharps; D♭ major has five flats. Their tonics are enharmonic in equal temperament, but their relative minors are spelled A♯ minor and B♭ minor.
Kaart 73
Küsimus
Move one step clockwise from C major. Which major key is next?
Vastus
G major. The move goes up a perfect fifth and changes no accidentals to one sharp.
Kaart 74
Küsimus
Move one step clockwise from D major. Which major key is next?
Vastus
A major. The move goes up a perfect fifth and increases two sharps to three.
Kaart 75
Küsimus
Move one step counterclockwise from G♭ major. Which major key is next?
Vastus
C♭ major. The move goes down a perfect fifth and increases six flats to seven.
Kaart 76
Küsimus
Move one step clockwise from E major. Which major key is next?
Vastus
B major. The move goes up a perfect fifth and increases four sharps to five.
Kaart 77
Küsimus
Move one step counterclockwise from A♭ major. Which major key is next?
Vastus
D♭ major. The move goes down a perfect fifth and increases four flats to five.
Kaart 78
Küsimus
Move one step counterclockwise from D major. Which major key is next?
Vastus
G major. The move goes down a perfect fifth and reduces two sharps to one.
Kaart 79
Küsimus
How do F♯ major and G♭ major differ at the enharmonic bottom of the circle?
Vastus
F♯ major has six sharps; G♭ major has six flats. Their tonics are enharmonic in equal temperament, but their relative minors are spelled D♯ minor and E♭ minor.
Kaart 80
Küsimus
Move one step clockwise from B♭ major. Which major key is next?
Vastus
F major. The move goes up a perfect fifth and reduces two flats to one.
Kaart 81
Küsimus
Move one step counterclockwise from E major. Which major key is next?
Vastus
A major. The move goes down a perfect fifth and reduces four sharps to three.
Kaart 82
Küsimus
Move one step clockwise from A♭ major. Which major key is next?
Vastus
E♭ major. The move goes up a perfect fifth and reduces four flats to three.
Kaart 83
Küsimus
Move one step clockwise from G♭ major. Which major key is next?
Vastus
D♭ major. The move goes up a perfect fifth and reduces six flats to five.
Kaart 84
Küsimus
How do B major and C♭ major differ at the enharmonic bottom of the circle?
Vastus
B major has five sharps; C♭ major has seven flats. Their tonics are enharmonic in equal temperament, but their relative minors are spelled G♯ minor and A♭ minor.
Kaart 85
Küsimus
Move one step counterclockwise from C major. Which major key is next?
Vastus
F major. The move goes down a perfect fifth and changes no accidentals to one flat.
Kaart 86
Küsimus
Move one step counterclockwise from B♭ major. Which major key is next?
Vastus
E♭ major. The move goes down a perfect fifth and increases two flats to three.
Kaart 87
Küsimus
Move one step clockwise from F♯ major. Which major key is next?
Vastus
C♯ major. The move goes up a perfect fifth and increases six sharps to seven.
87 kaarti
Circle of Fifths Flashcards: Keys, Signatures & Relative Minors
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