Circle of Fifths Flashcards: Keys, Signatures & Relative Minors
Practice major and minor keys, spelled key signatures, relative-key pairs, accidental order, and neighboring circle positions.
O tomto balíčku
Reading a finished circle is easy; recalling one relationship without the wheel is the useful part. These 87 text-only cards make you rebuild the circle of fifths from small, practical mappings.
What the cards practice
- Circle rule → musical change: recall what clockwise and counterclockwise moves do to the tonic and key signature, plus how relative keys and accidental order work.
- Major key → spelled signature: name every accidental for all 15 conventional spellings from C♭ major through C♯ major.
- Written accidental set → major and relative minor: reverse each of those 15 signatures without relying on a staff image.
- Major key ↔ relative minor: practice all 15 pairs in both directions, keeping spellings such as D♯ minor and E♭ minor distinct.
- Local circle move → neighboring major key: move clockwise or counterclockwise across every conventional adjacent pair, including the separate sharp-side and flat-side routes at the bottom.
- Enharmonic pair → spelling distinction: compare B/C♭, F♯/G♭, and C♯/D♭ by signature and relative minor.
The deck leaves out ear training, staff-image identification, chord progressions, and exhaustive scale spelling. Staff recognition is already covered by the Major & Minor Key Signatures deck; this deck focuses on recalling the relationships behind the diagram.
The order starts with interleaved reconstruction rules, introduces signatures from zero accidentals outward, and then separates reverse and relative-key prompts with deterministic strides. The final block interleaves neighbor moves and enharmonic comparisons after their spellings are familiar. The review scheduler handles longer-term spacing after installation.
Facts were independently checked against Open Music Theory, musictheory.net, and Berklee Online. The questions, answers, selection, sequence, metadata, and generated cover are shared under CC0 1.0 to the extent those original elements can be dedicated. Musical facts remain common knowledge. No third-party media or protected deck text was used.
Kartičky v tomto balíčku
Kartička 1
Otázka
In what order are sharps added to key signatures?
Odpověď
F♯, C♯, G♯, D♯, A♯, E♯, B♯.
Kartička 2
Otázka
What changes when you move one step clockwise on the circle of fifths?
Odpověď
The tonic moves up a perfect fifth. The signature shifts one step toward sharps: add one sharp or remove one flat.
Kartička 3
Otázka
What makes a major key and a minor key relative?
Odpověď
They share the same key signature. Their tonics and modes are different.
Kartička 4
Otázka
How can you find a major key's relative minor tonic?
Odpověď
Go down a minor third from the major tonic. It is also scale degree 6 of the major scale.
Kartička 5
Otázka
In what order are flats added to key signatures?
Odpověď
B♭, E♭, A♭, D♭, G♭, C♭, F♭.
Kartička 6
Otázka
What changes when you move one step counterclockwise on the circle of fifths?
Odpověď
The tonic moves down a perfect fifth. The signature shifts one step toward flats: add one flat or remove one sharp.
Kartička 7
Otázka
Why do 15 conventional major key signatures fit into 12 pitch-class positions?
Odpověď
Three positions have two enharmonic spellings. B/C♭, F♯/G♭, and C♯/D♭ sound alike in equal temperament but use different written signatures.
Kartička 8
Otázka
How can you find a minor key's relative major tonic?
Odpověď
Go up a minor third from the minor tonic. It is also scale degree 3 of the natural minor scale.
Kartička 9
Otázka
How are the conventional sharp and flat orders related?
Odpověď
They are exact reverses. F–C–G–D–A–E–B for sharps becomes B–E–A–D–G–C–F for flats.
Kartička 10
Otázka
What is normally true of neighboring major keys on the circle?
Odpověď
Their key signatures differ by one accidental. Keep the sharp-side or flat-side spelling consistent at the enharmonic bottom.
Kartička 11
Otázka
What is the key signature of C major?
Odpověď
No sharps or flats.
Kartička 12
Otázka
What is the key signature of G major?
Odpověď
1 sharp: F♯.
Kartička 13
Otázka
What is the key signature of F major?
Odpověď
1 flat: B♭.
Kartička 14
Otázka
What is the key signature of D major?
Odpověď
2 sharps: F♯, C♯.
Kartička 15
Otázka
What is the key signature of B♭ major?
Odpověď
2 flats: B♭, E♭.
Kartička 16
Otázka
What is the key signature of A major?
Odpověď
3 sharps: F♯, C♯, G♯.
Kartička 17
Otázka
What is the key signature of E♭ major?
Odpověď
3 flats: B♭, E♭, A♭.
Kartička 18
Otázka
What is the key signature of E major?
Odpověď
4 sharps: F♯, C♯, G♯, D♯.
Kartička 19
Otázka
What is the key signature of A♭ major?
Odpověď
4 flats: B♭, E♭, A♭, D♭.
Kartička 20
Otázka
What is the key signature of B major?
Odpověď
5 sharps: F♯, C♯, G♯, D♯, A♯.
Kartička 21
Otázka
What is the key signature of D♭ major?
Odpověď
5 flats: B♭, E♭, A♭, D♭, G♭.
Kartička 22
Otázka
What is the key signature of F♯ major?
Odpověď
6 sharps: F♯, C♯, G♯, D♯, A♯, E♯.
Kartička 23
Otázka
What is the key signature of G♭ major?
Odpověď
6 flats: B♭, E♭, A♭, D♭, G♭, C♭.
Kartička 24
Otázka
What is the key signature of C♯ major?
Odpověď
7 sharps: F♯, C♯, G♯, D♯, A♯, E♯, B♯.
Kartička 25
Otázka
What is the key signature of C♭ major?
Odpověď
7 flats: B♭, E♭, A♭, D♭, G♭, C♭, F♭.
Kartička 26
Otázka
No sharps or flats — name the conventional major key and its relative minor.
Odpověď
C major and A minor.
Kartička 27
Otázka
2 flats (B♭, E♭) — name the conventional major key and its relative minor.
Odpověď
B♭ major and G minor.
Kartička 28
Otázka
4 flats (B♭, E♭, A♭, D♭) — name the conventional major key and its relative minor.
Odpověď
A♭ major and F minor.
Kartička 29
Otázka
6 flats (B♭, E♭, A♭, D♭, G♭, C♭) — name the conventional major key and its relative minor.
Odpověď
G♭ major and E♭ minor.
Kartička 30
Otázka
1 sharp (F♯) — name the conventional major key and its relative minor.
Odpověď
G major and E minor.
Kartička 31
Otázka
3 sharps (F♯, C♯, G♯) — name the conventional major key and its relative minor.
Odpověď
A major and F♯ minor.
Kartička 32
Otázka
5 sharps (F♯, C♯, G♯, D♯, A♯) — name the conventional major key and its relative minor.
Odpověď
B major and G♯ minor.
Kartička 33
Otázka
7 sharps (F♯, C♯, G♯, D♯, A♯, E♯, B♯) — name the conventional major key and its relative minor.
Odpověď
C♯ major and A♯ minor.
Kartička 34
Otázka
1 flat (B♭) — name the conventional major key and its relative minor.
Odpověď
F major and D minor.
Kartička 35
Otázka
3 flats (B♭, E♭, A♭) — name the conventional major key and its relative minor.
Odpověď
E♭ major and C minor.
Kartička 36
Otázka
5 flats (B♭, E♭, A♭, D♭, G♭) — name the conventional major key and its relative minor.
Odpověď
D♭ major and B♭ minor.
Kartička 37
Otázka
7 flats (B♭, E♭, A♭, D♭, G♭, C♭, F♭) — name the conventional major key and its relative minor.
Odpověď
C♭ major and A♭ minor.
Kartička 38
Otázka
2 sharps (F♯, C♯) — name the conventional major key and its relative minor.
Odpověď
D major and B minor.
Kartička 39
Otázka
4 sharps (F♯, C♯, G♯, D♯) — name the conventional major key and its relative minor.
Odpověď
E major and C♯ minor.
Kartička 40
Otázka
6 sharps (F♯, C♯, G♯, D♯, A♯, E♯) — name the conventional major key and its relative minor.
Odpověď
F♯ major and D♯ minor.
Kartička 41
Otázka
What is the relative minor of C major?
Odpověď
A minor. Both keys have no sharps or flats.
Kartička 42
Otázka
What is the relative minor of E major?
Odpověď
C♯ minor. Both keys have four sharps.
Kartička 43
Otázka
What is the relative minor of C♭ major?
Odpověď
A♭ minor. Both keys have seven flats.
Kartička 44
Otázka
What is the relative minor of E♭ major?
Odpověď
C minor. Both keys have three flats.
Kartička 45
Otázka
What is the relative minor of C♯ major?
Odpověď
A♯ minor. Both keys have seven sharps.
Kartička 46
Otázka
What is the relative minor of A major?
Odpověď
F♯ minor. Both keys have three sharps.
Kartička 47
Otázka
What is the relative minor of G♭ major?
Odpověď
E♭ minor. Both keys have six flats.
Kartička 48
Otázka
What is the relative minor of B♭ major?
Odpověď
G minor. Both keys have two flats.
Kartička 49
Otázka
What is the relative minor of F♯ major?
Odpověď
D♯ minor. Both keys have six sharps.
Kartička 50
Otázka
What is the relative minor of D major?
Odpověď
B minor. Both keys have two sharps.
Kartička 51
Otázka
What is the relative minor of D♭ major?
Odpověď
B♭ minor. Both keys have five flats.
Kartička 52
Otázka
What is the relative minor of F major?
Odpověď
D minor. Both keys have one flat.
Kartička 53
Otázka
What is the relative minor of B major?
Odpověď
G♯ minor. Both keys have five sharps.
Kartička 54
Otázka
What is the relative minor of G major?
Odpověď
E minor. Both keys have one sharp.
Kartička 55
Otázka
What is the relative minor of A♭ major?
Odpověď
F minor. Both keys have four flats.
Kartička 56
Otázka
What is the relative major of B minor?
Odpověď
D major. Both keys have two sharps.
Kartička 57
Otázka
What is the relative major of A♭ minor?
Odpověď
C♭ major. Both keys have seven flats.
Kartička 58
Otázka
What is the relative major of B♭ minor?
Odpověď
D♭ major. Both keys have five flats.
Kartička 59
Otázka
What is the relative major of C minor?
Odpověď
E♭ major. Both keys have three flats.
Kartička 60
Otázka
What is the relative major of D minor?
Odpověď
F major. Both keys have one flat.
Kartička 61
Otázka
What is the relative major of A♯ minor?
Odpověď
C♯ major. Both keys have seven sharps.
Kartička 62
Otázka
What is the relative major of G♯ minor?
Odpověď
B major. Both keys have five sharps.
Kartička 63
Otázka
What is the relative major of F♯ minor?
Odpověď
A major. Both keys have three sharps.
Kartička 64
Otázka
What is the relative major of E minor?
Odpověď
G major. Both keys have one sharp.
Kartička 65
Otázka
What is the relative major of E♭ minor?
Odpověď
G♭ major. Both keys have six flats.
Kartička 66
Otázka
What is the relative major of F minor?
Odpověď
A♭ major. Both keys have four flats.
Kartička 67
Otázka
What is the relative major of G minor?
Odpověď
B♭ major. Both keys have two flats.
Kartička 68
Otázka
What is the relative major of A minor?
Odpověď
C major. Both keys have no sharps or flats.
Kartička 69
Otázka
What is the relative major of D♯ minor?
Odpověď
F♯ major. Both keys have six sharps.
Kartička 70
Otázka
What is the relative major of C♯ minor?
Odpověď
E major. Both keys have four sharps.
Kartička 71
Otázka
Move one step counterclockwise from F♯ major. Which major key is next?
Odpověď
B major. The move goes down a perfect fifth and reduces six sharps to five.
Kartička 72
Otázka
How do C♯ major and D♭ major differ at the enharmonic bottom of the circle?
Odpověď
C♯ major has seven sharps; D♭ major has five flats. Their tonics are enharmonic in equal temperament, but their relative minors are spelled A♯ minor and B♭ minor.
Kartička 73
Otázka
Move one step clockwise from C major. Which major key is next?
Odpověď
G major. The move goes up a perfect fifth and changes no accidentals to one sharp.
Kartička 74
Otázka
Move one step clockwise from D major. Which major key is next?
Odpověď
A major. The move goes up a perfect fifth and increases two sharps to three.
Kartička 75
Otázka
Move one step counterclockwise from G♭ major. Which major key is next?
Odpověď
C♭ major. The move goes down a perfect fifth and increases six flats to seven.
Kartička 76
Otázka
Move one step clockwise from E major. Which major key is next?
Odpověď
B major. The move goes up a perfect fifth and increases four sharps to five.
Kartička 77
Otázka
Move one step counterclockwise from A♭ major. Which major key is next?
Odpověď
D♭ major. The move goes down a perfect fifth and increases four flats to five.
Kartička 78
Otázka
Move one step counterclockwise from D major. Which major key is next?
Odpověď
G major. The move goes down a perfect fifth and reduces two sharps to one.
Kartička 79
Otázka
How do F♯ major and G♭ major differ at the enharmonic bottom of the circle?
Odpověď
F♯ major has six sharps; G♭ major has six flats. Their tonics are enharmonic in equal temperament, but their relative minors are spelled D♯ minor and E♭ minor.
Kartička 80
Otázka
Move one step clockwise from B♭ major. Which major key is next?
Odpověď
F major. The move goes up a perfect fifth and reduces two flats to one.
Kartička 81
Otázka
Move one step counterclockwise from E major. Which major key is next?
Odpověď
A major. The move goes down a perfect fifth and reduces four sharps to three.
Kartička 82
Otázka
Move one step clockwise from A♭ major. Which major key is next?
Odpověď
E♭ major. The move goes up a perfect fifth and reduces four flats to three.
Kartička 83
Otázka
Move one step clockwise from G♭ major. Which major key is next?
Odpověď
D♭ major. The move goes up a perfect fifth and reduces six flats to five.
Kartička 84
Otázka
How do B major and C♭ major differ at the enharmonic bottom of the circle?
Odpověď
B major has five sharps; C♭ major has seven flats. Their tonics are enharmonic in equal temperament, but their relative minors are spelled G♯ minor and A♭ minor.
Kartička 85
Otázka
Move one step counterclockwise from C major. Which major key is next?
Odpověď
F major. The move goes down a perfect fifth and changes no accidentals to one flat.
Kartička 86
Otázka
Move one step counterclockwise from B♭ major. Which major key is next?
Odpověď
E♭ major. The move goes down a perfect fifth and increases two flats to three.
Kartička 87
Otázka
Move one step clockwise from F♯ major. Which major key is next?
Odpověď
C♯ major. The move goes up a perfect fifth and increases six sharps to seven.
87 kartiček
Circle of Fifths Flashcards: Keys, Signatures & Relative Minors
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