Circle of Fifths Flashcards: Keys, Signatures & Relative Minors
Practice major and minor keys, spelled key signatures, relative-key pairs, accidental order, and neighboring circle positions.
O ovom špilu
Reading a finished circle is easy; recalling one relationship without the wheel is the useful part. These 87 text-only cards make you rebuild the circle of fifths from small, practical mappings.
What the cards practice
- Circle rule → musical change: recall what clockwise and counterclockwise moves do to the tonic and key signature, plus how relative keys and accidental order work.
- Major key → spelled signature: name every accidental for all 15 conventional spellings from C♭ major through C♯ major.
- Written accidental set → major and relative minor: reverse each of those 15 signatures without relying on a staff image.
- Major key ↔ relative minor: practice all 15 pairs in both directions, keeping spellings such as D♯ minor and E♭ minor distinct.
- Local circle move → neighboring major key: move clockwise or counterclockwise across every conventional adjacent pair, including the separate sharp-side and flat-side routes at the bottom.
- Enharmonic pair → spelling distinction: compare B/C♭, F♯/G♭, and C♯/D♭ by signature and relative minor.
The deck leaves out ear training, staff-image identification, chord progressions, and exhaustive scale spelling. Staff recognition is already covered by the Major & Minor Key Signatures deck; this deck focuses on recalling the relationships behind the diagram.
The order starts with interleaved reconstruction rules, introduces signatures from zero accidentals outward, and then separates reverse and relative-key prompts with deterministic strides. The final block interleaves neighbor moves and enharmonic comparisons after their spellings are familiar. The review scheduler handles longer-term spacing after installation.
Facts were independently checked against Open Music Theory, musictheory.net, and Berklee Online. The questions, answers, selection, sequence, metadata, and generated cover are shared under CC0 1.0 to the extent those original elements can be dedicated. Musical facts remain common knowledge. No third-party media or protected deck text was used.
Kartice u ovom špilu
Kartica 1
Pitanje
In what order are sharps added to key signatures?
Odgovor
F♯, C♯, G♯, D♯, A♯, E♯, B♯.
Kartica 2
Pitanje
What changes when you move one step clockwise on the circle of fifths?
Odgovor
The tonic moves up a perfect fifth. The signature shifts one step toward sharps: add one sharp or remove one flat.
Kartica 3
Pitanje
What makes a major key and a minor key relative?
Odgovor
They share the same key signature. Their tonics and modes are different.
Kartica 4
Pitanje
How can you find a major key's relative minor tonic?
Odgovor
Go down a minor third from the major tonic. It is also scale degree 6 of the major scale.
Kartica 5
Pitanje
In what order are flats added to key signatures?
Odgovor
B♭, E♭, A♭, D♭, G♭, C♭, F♭.
Kartica 6
Pitanje
What changes when you move one step counterclockwise on the circle of fifths?
Odgovor
The tonic moves down a perfect fifth. The signature shifts one step toward flats: add one flat or remove one sharp.
Kartica 7
Pitanje
Why do 15 conventional major key signatures fit into 12 pitch-class positions?
Odgovor
Three positions have two enharmonic spellings. B/C♭, F♯/G♭, and C♯/D♭ sound alike in equal temperament but use different written signatures.
Kartica 8
Pitanje
How can you find a minor key's relative major tonic?
Odgovor
Go up a minor third from the minor tonic. It is also scale degree 3 of the natural minor scale.
Kartica 9
Pitanje
How are the conventional sharp and flat orders related?
Odgovor
They are exact reverses. F–C–G–D–A–E–B for sharps becomes B–E–A–D–G–C–F for flats.
Kartica 10
Pitanje
What is normally true of neighboring major keys on the circle?
Odgovor
Their key signatures differ by one accidental. Keep the sharp-side or flat-side spelling consistent at the enharmonic bottom.
Kartica 11
Pitanje
What is the key signature of C major?
Odgovor
No sharps or flats.
Kartica 12
Pitanje
What is the key signature of G major?
Odgovor
1 sharp: F♯.
Kartica 13
Pitanje
What is the key signature of F major?
Odgovor
1 flat: B♭.
Kartica 14
Pitanje
What is the key signature of D major?
Odgovor
2 sharps: F♯, C♯.
Kartica 15
Pitanje
What is the key signature of B♭ major?
Odgovor
2 flats: B♭, E♭.
Kartica 16
Pitanje
What is the key signature of A major?
Odgovor
3 sharps: F♯, C♯, G♯.
Kartica 17
Pitanje
What is the key signature of E♭ major?
Odgovor
3 flats: B♭, E♭, A♭.
Kartica 18
Pitanje
What is the key signature of E major?
Odgovor
4 sharps: F♯, C♯, G♯, D♯.
Kartica 19
Pitanje
What is the key signature of A♭ major?
Odgovor
4 flats: B♭, E♭, A♭, D♭.
Kartica 20
Pitanje
What is the key signature of B major?
Odgovor
5 sharps: F♯, C♯, G♯, D♯, A♯.
Kartica 21
Pitanje
What is the key signature of D♭ major?
Odgovor
5 flats: B♭, E♭, A♭, D♭, G♭.
Kartica 22
Pitanje
What is the key signature of F♯ major?
Odgovor
6 sharps: F♯, C♯, G♯, D♯, A♯, E♯.
Kartica 23
Pitanje
What is the key signature of G♭ major?
Odgovor
6 flats: B♭, E♭, A♭, D♭, G♭, C♭.
Kartica 24
Pitanje
What is the key signature of C♯ major?
Odgovor
7 sharps: F♯, C♯, G♯, D♯, A♯, E♯, B♯.
Kartica 25
Pitanje
What is the key signature of C♭ major?
Odgovor
7 flats: B♭, E♭, A♭, D♭, G♭, C♭, F♭.
Kartica 26
Pitanje
No sharps or flats — name the conventional major key and its relative minor.
Odgovor
C major and A minor.
Kartica 27
Pitanje
2 flats (B♭, E♭) — name the conventional major key and its relative minor.
Odgovor
B♭ major and G minor.
Kartica 28
Pitanje
4 flats (B♭, E♭, A♭, D♭) — name the conventional major key and its relative minor.
Odgovor
A♭ major and F minor.
Kartica 29
Pitanje
6 flats (B♭, E♭, A♭, D♭, G♭, C♭) — name the conventional major key and its relative minor.
Odgovor
G♭ major and E♭ minor.
Kartica 30
Pitanje
1 sharp (F♯) — name the conventional major key and its relative minor.
Odgovor
G major and E minor.
Kartica 31
Pitanje
3 sharps (F♯, C♯, G♯) — name the conventional major key and its relative minor.
Odgovor
A major and F♯ minor.
Kartica 32
Pitanje
5 sharps (F♯, C♯, G♯, D♯, A♯) — name the conventional major key and its relative minor.
Odgovor
B major and G♯ minor.
Kartica 33
Pitanje
7 sharps (F♯, C♯, G♯, D♯, A♯, E♯, B♯) — name the conventional major key and its relative minor.
Odgovor
C♯ major and A♯ minor.
Kartica 34
Pitanje
1 flat (B♭) — name the conventional major key and its relative minor.
Odgovor
F major and D minor.
Kartica 35
Pitanje
3 flats (B♭, E♭, A♭) — name the conventional major key and its relative minor.
Odgovor
E♭ major and C minor.
Kartica 36
Pitanje
5 flats (B♭, E♭, A♭, D♭, G♭) — name the conventional major key and its relative minor.
Odgovor
D♭ major and B♭ minor.
Kartica 37
Pitanje
7 flats (B♭, E♭, A♭, D♭, G♭, C♭, F♭) — name the conventional major key and its relative minor.
Odgovor
C♭ major and A♭ minor.
Kartica 38
Pitanje
2 sharps (F♯, C♯) — name the conventional major key and its relative minor.
Odgovor
D major and B minor.
Kartica 39
Pitanje
4 sharps (F♯, C♯, G♯, D♯) — name the conventional major key and its relative minor.
Odgovor
E major and C♯ minor.
Kartica 40
Pitanje
6 sharps (F♯, C♯, G♯, D♯, A♯, E♯) — name the conventional major key and its relative minor.
Odgovor
F♯ major and D♯ minor.
Kartica 41
Pitanje
What is the relative minor of C major?
Odgovor
A minor. Both keys have no sharps or flats.
Kartica 42
Pitanje
What is the relative minor of E major?
Odgovor
C♯ minor. Both keys have four sharps.
Kartica 43
Pitanje
What is the relative minor of C♭ major?
Odgovor
A♭ minor. Both keys have seven flats.
Kartica 44
Pitanje
What is the relative minor of E♭ major?
Odgovor
C minor. Both keys have three flats.
Kartica 45
Pitanje
What is the relative minor of C♯ major?
Odgovor
A♯ minor. Both keys have seven sharps.
Kartica 46
Pitanje
What is the relative minor of A major?
Odgovor
F♯ minor. Both keys have three sharps.
Kartica 47
Pitanje
What is the relative minor of G♭ major?
Odgovor
E♭ minor. Both keys have six flats.
Kartica 48
Pitanje
What is the relative minor of B♭ major?
Odgovor
G minor. Both keys have two flats.
Kartica 49
Pitanje
What is the relative minor of F♯ major?
Odgovor
D♯ minor. Both keys have six sharps.
Kartica 50
Pitanje
What is the relative minor of D major?
Odgovor
B minor. Both keys have two sharps.
Kartica 51
Pitanje
What is the relative minor of D♭ major?
Odgovor
B♭ minor. Both keys have five flats.
Kartica 52
Pitanje
What is the relative minor of F major?
Odgovor
D minor. Both keys have one flat.
Kartica 53
Pitanje
What is the relative minor of B major?
Odgovor
G♯ minor. Both keys have five sharps.
Kartica 54
Pitanje
What is the relative minor of G major?
Odgovor
E minor. Both keys have one sharp.
Kartica 55
Pitanje
What is the relative minor of A♭ major?
Odgovor
F minor. Both keys have four flats.
Kartica 56
Pitanje
What is the relative major of B minor?
Odgovor
D major. Both keys have two sharps.
Kartica 57
Pitanje
What is the relative major of A♭ minor?
Odgovor
C♭ major. Both keys have seven flats.
Kartica 58
Pitanje
What is the relative major of B♭ minor?
Odgovor
D♭ major. Both keys have five flats.
Kartica 59
Pitanje
What is the relative major of C minor?
Odgovor
E♭ major. Both keys have three flats.
Kartica 60
Pitanje
What is the relative major of D minor?
Odgovor
F major. Both keys have one flat.
Kartica 61
Pitanje
What is the relative major of A♯ minor?
Odgovor
C♯ major. Both keys have seven sharps.
Kartica 62
Pitanje
What is the relative major of G♯ minor?
Odgovor
B major. Both keys have five sharps.
Kartica 63
Pitanje
What is the relative major of F♯ minor?
Odgovor
A major. Both keys have three sharps.
Kartica 64
Pitanje
What is the relative major of E minor?
Odgovor
G major. Both keys have one sharp.
Kartica 65
Pitanje
What is the relative major of E♭ minor?
Odgovor
G♭ major. Both keys have six flats.
Kartica 66
Pitanje
What is the relative major of F minor?
Odgovor
A♭ major. Both keys have four flats.
Kartica 67
Pitanje
What is the relative major of G minor?
Odgovor
B♭ major. Both keys have two flats.
Kartica 68
Pitanje
What is the relative major of A minor?
Odgovor
C major. Both keys have no sharps or flats.
Kartica 69
Pitanje
What is the relative major of D♯ minor?
Odgovor
F♯ major. Both keys have six sharps.
Kartica 70
Pitanje
What is the relative major of C♯ minor?
Odgovor
E major. Both keys have four sharps.
Kartica 71
Pitanje
Move one step counterclockwise from F♯ major. Which major key is next?
Odgovor
B major. The move goes down a perfect fifth and reduces six sharps to five.
Kartica 72
Pitanje
How do C♯ major and D♭ major differ at the enharmonic bottom of the circle?
Odgovor
C♯ major has seven sharps; D♭ major has five flats. Their tonics are enharmonic in equal temperament, but their relative minors are spelled A♯ minor and B♭ minor.
Kartica 73
Pitanje
Move one step clockwise from C major. Which major key is next?
Odgovor
G major. The move goes up a perfect fifth and changes no accidentals to one sharp.
Kartica 74
Pitanje
Move one step clockwise from D major. Which major key is next?
Odgovor
A major. The move goes up a perfect fifth and increases two sharps to three.
Kartica 75
Pitanje
Move one step counterclockwise from G♭ major. Which major key is next?
Odgovor
C♭ major. The move goes down a perfect fifth and increases six flats to seven.
Kartica 76
Pitanje
Move one step clockwise from E major. Which major key is next?
Odgovor
B major. The move goes up a perfect fifth and increases four sharps to five.
Kartica 77
Pitanje
Move one step counterclockwise from A♭ major. Which major key is next?
Odgovor
D♭ major. The move goes down a perfect fifth and increases four flats to five.
Kartica 78
Pitanje
Move one step counterclockwise from D major. Which major key is next?
Odgovor
G major. The move goes down a perfect fifth and reduces two sharps to one.
Kartica 79
Pitanje
How do F♯ major and G♭ major differ at the enharmonic bottom of the circle?
Odgovor
F♯ major has six sharps; G♭ major has six flats. Their tonics are enharmonic in equal temperament, but their relative minors are spelled D♯ minor and E♭ minor.
Kartica 80
Pitanje
Move one step clockwise from B♭ major. Which major key is next?
Odgovor
F major. The move goes up a perfect fifth and reduces two flats to one.
Kartica 81
Pitanje
Move one step counterclockwise from E major. Which major key is next?
Odgovor
A major. The move goes down a perfect fifth and reduces four sharps to three.
Kartica 82
Pitanje
Move one step clockwise from A♭ major. Which major key is next?
Odgovor
E♭ major. The move goes up a perfect fifth and reduces four flats to three.
Kartica 83
Pitanje
Move one step clockwise from G♭ major. Which major key is next?
Odgovor
D♭ major. The move goes up a perfect fifth and reduces six flats to five.
Kartica 84
Pitanje
How do B major and C♭ major differ at the enharmonic bottom of the circle?
Odgovor
B major has five sharps; C♭ major has seven flats. Their tonics are enharmonic in equal temperament, but their relative minors are spelled G♯ minor and A♭ minor.
Kartica 85
Pitanje
Move one step counterclockwise from C major. Which major key is next?
Odgovor
F major. The move goes down a perfect fifth and changes no accidentals to one flat.
Kartica 86
Pitanje
Move one step counterclockwise from B♭ major. Which major key is next?
Odgovor
E♭ major. The move goes down a perfect fifth and increases two flats to three.
Kartica 87
Pitanje
Move one step clockwise from F♯ major. Which major key is next?
Odgovor
C♯ major. The move goes up a perfect fifth and increases six sharps to seven.
87 kartica
Circle of Fifths Flashcards: Keys, Signatures & Relative Minors
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