Circle of Fifths Flashcards: Keys, Signatures & Relative Minors
Practice major and minor keys, spelled key signatures, relative-key pairs, accidental order, and neighboring circle positions.
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Reading a finished circle is easy; recalling one relationship without the wheel is the useful part. These 87 text-only cards make you rebuild the circle of fifths from small, practical mappings.
What the cards practice
- Circle rule → musical change: recall what clockwise and counterclockwise moves do to the tonic and key signature, plus how relative keys and accidental order work.
- Major key → spelled signature: name every accidental for all 15 conventional spellings from C♭ major through C♯ major.
- Written accidental set → major and relative minor: reverse each of those 15 signatures without relying on a staff image.
- Major key ↔ relative minor: practice all 15 pairs in both directions, keeping spellings such as D♯ minor and E♭ minor distinct.
- Local circle move → neighboring major key: move clockwise or counterclockwise across every conventional adjacent pair, including the separate sharp-side and flat-side routes at the bottom.
- Enharmonic pair → spelling distinction: compare B/C♭, F♯/G♭, and C♯/D♭ by signature and relative minor.
The deck leaves out ear training, staff-image identification, chord progressions, and exhaustive scale spelling. Staff recognition is already covered by the Major & Minor Key Signatures deck; this deck focuses on recalling the relationships behind the diagram.
The order starts with interleaved reconstruction rules, introduces signatures from zero accidentals outward, and then separates reverse and relative-key prompts with deterministic strides. The final block interleaves neighbor moves and enharmonic comparisons after their spellings are familiar. The review scheduler handles longer-term spacing after installation.
Facts were independently checked against Open Music Theory, musictheory.net, and Berklee Online. The questions, answers, selection, sequence, metadata, and generated cover are shared under CC0 1.0 to the extent those original elements can be dedicated. Musical facts remain common knowledge. No third-party media or protected deck text was used.
Tämän pakan kortit
Kortti 1
Kysymys
In what order are sharps added to key signatures?
Vastaus
F♯, C♯, G♯, D♯, A♯, E♯, B♯.
Kortti 2
Kysymys
What changes when you move one step clockwise on the circle of fifths?
Vastaus
The tonic moves up a perfect fifth. The signature shifts one step toward sharps: add one sharp or remove one flat.
Kortti 3
Kysymys
What makes a major key and a minor key relative?
Vastaus
They share the same key signature. Their tonics and modes are different.
Kortti 4
Kysymys
How can you find a major key's relative minor tonic?
Vastaus
Go down a minor third from the major tonic. It is also scale degree 6 of the major scale.
Kortti 5
Kysymys
In what order are flats added to key signatures?
Vastaus
B♭, E♭, A♭, D♭, G♭, C♭, F♭.
Kortti 6
Kysymys
What changes when you move one step counterclockwise on the circle of fifths?
Vastaus
The tonic moves down a perfect fifth. The signature shifts one step toward flats: add one flat or remove one sharp.
Kortti 7
Kysymys
Why do 15 conventional major key signatures fit into 12 pitch-class positions?
Vastaus
Three positions have two enharmonic spellings. B/C♭, F♯/G♭, and C♯/D♭ sound alike in equal temperament but use different written signatures.
Kortti 8
Kysymys
How can you find a minor key's relative major tonic?
Vastaus
Go up a minor third from the minor tonic. It is also scale degree 3 of the natural minor scale.
Kortti 9
Kysymys
How are the conventional sharp and flat orders related?
Vastaus
They are exact reverses. F–C–G–D–A–E–B for sharps becomes B–E–A–D–G–C–F for flats.
Kortti 10
Kysymys
What is normally true of neighboring major keys on the circle?
Vastaus
Their key signatures differ by one accidental. Keep the sharp-side or flat-side spelling consistent at the enharmonic bottom.
Kortti 11
Kysymys
What is the key signature of C major?
Vastaus
No sharps or flats.
Kortti 12
Kysymys
What is the key signature of G major?
Vastaus
1 sharp: F♯.
Kortti 13
Kysymys
What is the key signature of F major?
Vastaus
1 flat: B♭.
Kortti 14
Kysymys
What is the key signature of D major?
Vastaus
2 sharps: F♯, C♯.
Kortti 15
Kysymys
What is the key signature of B♭ major?
Vastaus
2 flats: B♭, E♭.
Kortti 16
Kysymys
What is the key signature of A major?
Vastaus
3 sharps: F♯, C♯, G♯.
Kortti 17
Kysymys
What is the key signature of E♭ major?
Vastaus
3 flats: B♭, E♭, A♭.
Kortti 18
Kysymys
What is the key signature of E major?
Vastaus
4 sharps: F♯, C♯, G♯, D♯.
Kortti 19
Kysymys
What is the key signature of A♭ major?
Vastaus
4 flats: B♭, E♭, A♭, D♭.
Kortti 20
Kysymys
What is the key signature of B major?
Vastaus
5 sharps: F♯, C♯, G♯, D♯, A♯.
Kortti 21
Kysymys
What is the key signature of D♭ major?
Vastaus
5 flats: B♭, E♭, A♭, D♭, G♭.
Kortti 22
Kysymys
What is the key signature of F♯ major?
Vastaus
6 sharps: F♯, C♯, G♯, D♯, A♯, E♯.
Kortti 23
Kysymys
What is the key signature of G♭ major?
Vastaus
6 flats: B♭, E♭, A♭, D♭, G♭, C♭.
Kortti 24
Kysymys
What is the key signature of C♯ major?
Vastaus
7 sharps: F♯, C♯, G♯, D♯, A♯, E♯, B♯.
Kortti 25
Kysymys
What is the key signature of C♭ major?
Vastaus
7 flats: B♭, E♭, A♭, D♭, G♭, C♭, F♭.
Kortti 26
Kysymys
No sharps or flats — name the conventional major key and its relative minor.
Vastaus
C major and A minor.
Kortti 27
Kysymys
2 flats (B♭, E♭) — name the conventional major key and its relative minor.
Vastaus
B♭ major and G minor.
Kortti 28
Kysymys
4 flats (B♭, E♭, A♭, D♭) — name the conventional major key and its relative minor.
Vastaus
A♭ major and F minor.
Kortti 29
Kysymys
6 flats (B♭, E♭, A♭, D♭, G♭, C♭) — name the conventional major key and its relative minor.
Vastaus
G♭ major and E♭ minor.
Kortti 30
Kysymys
1 sharp (F♯) — name the conventional major key and its relative minor.
Vastaus
G major and E minor.
Kortti 31
Kysymys
3 sharps (F♯, C♯, G♯) — name the conventional major key and its relative minor.
Vastaus
A major and F♯ minor.
Kortti 32
Kysymys
5 sharps (F♯, C♯, G♯, D♯, A♯) — name the conventional major key and its relative minor.
Vastaus
B major and G♯ minor.
Kortti 33
Kysymys
7 sharps (F♯, C♯, G♯, D♯, A♯, E♯, B♯) — name the conventional major key and its relative minor.
Vastaus
C♯ major and A♯ minor.
Kortti 34
Kysymys
1 flat (B♭) — name the conventional major key and its relative minor.
Vastaus
F major and D minor.
Kortti 35
Kysymys
3 flats (B♭, E♭, A♭) — name the conventional major key and its relative minor.
Vastaus
E♭ major and C minor.
Kortti 36
Kysymys
5 flats (B♭, E♭, A♭, D♭, G♭) — name the conventional major key and its relative minor.
Vastaus
D♭ major and B♭ minor.
Kortti 37
Kysymys
7 flats (B♭, E♭, A♭, D♭, G♭, C♭, F♭) — name the conventional major key and its relative minor.
Vastaus
C♭ major and A♭ minor.
Kortti 38
Kysymys
2 sharps (F♯, C♯) — name the conventional major key and its relative minor.
Vastaus
D major and B minor.
Kortti 39
Kysymys
4 sharps (F♯, C♯, G♯, D♯) — name the conventional major key and its relative minor.
Vastaus
E major and C♯ minor.
Kortti 40
Kysymys
6 sharps (F♯, C♯, G♯, D♯, A♯, E♯) — name the conventional major key and its relative minor.
Vastaus
F♯ major and D♯ minor.
Kortti 41
Kysymys
What is the relative minor of C major?
Vastaus
A minor. Both keys have no sharps or flats.
Kortti 42
Kysymys
What is the relative minor of E major?
Vastaus
C♯ minor. Both keys have four sharps.
Kortti 43
Kysymys
What is the relative minor of C♭ major?
Vastaus
A♭ minor. Both keys have seven flats.
Kortti 44
Kysymys
What is the relative minor of E♭ major?
Vastaus
C minor. Both keys have three flats.
Kortti 45
Kysymys
What is the relative minor of C♯ major?
Vastaus
A♯ minor. Both keys have seven sharps.
Kortti 46
Kysymys
What is the relative minor of A major?
Vastaus
F♯ minor. Both keys have three sharps.
Kortti 47
Kysymys
What is the relative minor of G♭ major?
Vastaus
E♭ minor. Both keys have six flats.
Kortti 48
Kysymys
What is the relative minor of B♭ major?
Vastaus
G minor. Both keys have two flats.
Kortti 49
Kysymys
What is the relative minor of F♯ major?
Vastaus
D♯ minor. Both keys have six sharps.
Kortti 50
Kysymys
What is the relative minor of D major?
Vastaus
B minor. Both keys have two sharps.
Kortti 51
Kysymys
What is the relative minor of D♭ major?
Vastaus
B♭ minor. Both keys have five flats.
Kortti 52
Kysymys
What is the relative minor of F major?
Vastaus
D minor. Both keys have one flat.
Kortti 53
Kysymys
What is the relative minor of B major?
Vastaus
G♯ minor. Both keys have five sharps.
Kortti 54
Kysymys
What is the relative minor of G major?
Vastaus
E minor. Both keys have one sharp.
Kortti 55
Kysymys
What is the relative minor of A♭ major?
Vastaus
F minor. Both keys have four flats.
Kortti 56
Kysymys
What is the relative major of B minor?
Vastaus
D major. Both keys have two sharps.
Kortti 57
Kysymys
What is the relative major of A♭ minor?
Vastaus
C♭ major. Both keys have seven flats.
Kortti 58
Kysymys
What is the relative major of B♭ minor?
Vastaus
D♭ major. Both keys have five flats.
Kortti 59
Kysymys
What is the relative major of C minor?
Vastaus
E♭ major. Both keys have three flats.
Kortti 60
Kysymys
What is the relative major of D minor?
Vastaus
F major. Both keys have one flat.
Kortti 61
Kysymys
What is the relative major of A♯ minor?
Vastaus
C♯ major. Both keys have seven sharps.
Kortti 62
Kysymys
What is the relative major of G♯ minor?
Vastaus
B major. Both keys have five sharps.
Kortti 63
Kysymys
What is the relative major of F♯ minor?
Vastaus
A major. Both keys have three sharps.
Kortti 64
Kysymys
What is the relative major of E minor?
Vastaus
G major. Both keys have one sharp.
Kortti 65
Kysymys
What is the relative major of E♭ minor?
Vastaus
G♭ major. Both keys have six flats.
Kortti 66
Kysymys
What is the relative major of F minor?
Vastaus
A♭ major. Both keys have four flats.
Kortti 67
Kysymys
What is the relative major of G minor?
Vastaus
B♭ major. Both keys have two flats.
Kortti 68
Kysymys
What is the relative major of A minor?
Vastaus
C major. Both keys have no sharps or flats.
Kortti 69
Kysymys
What is the relative major of D♯ minor?
Vastaus
F♯ major. Both keys have six sharps.
Kortti 70
Kysymys
What is the relative major of C♯ minor?
Vastaus
E major. Both keys have four sharps.
Kortti 71
Kysymys
Move one step counterclockwise from F♯ major. Which major key is next?
Vastaus
B major. The move goes down a perfect fifth and reduces six sharps to five.
Kortti 72
Kysymys
How do C♯ major and D♭ major differ at the enharmonic bottom of the circle?
Vastaus
C♯ major has seven sharps; D♭ major has five flats. Their tonics are enharmonic in equal temperament, but their relative minors are spelled A♯ minor and B♭ minor.
Kortti 73
Kysymys
Move one step clockwise from C major. Which major key is next?
Vastaus
G major. The move goes up a perfect fifth and changes no accidentals to one sharp.
Kortti 74
Kysymys
Move one step clockwise from D major. Which major key is next?
Vastaus
A major. The move goes up a perfect fifth and increases two sharps to three.
Kortti 75
Kysymys
Move one step counterclockwise from G♭ major. Which major key is next?
Vastaus
C♭ major. The move goes down a perfect fifth and increases six flats to seven.
Kortti 76
Kysymys
Move one step clockwise from E major. Which major key is next?
Vastaus
B major. The move goes up a perfect fifth and increases four sharps to five.
Kortti 77
Kysymys
Move one step counterclockwise from A♭ major. Which major key is next?
Vastaus
D♭ major. The move goes down a perfect fifth and increases four flats to five.
Kortti 78
Kysymys
Move one step counterclockwise from D major. Which major key is next?
Vastaus
G major. The move goes down a perfect fifth and reduces two sharps to one.
Kortti 79
Kysymys
How do F♯ major and G♭ major differ at the enharmonic bottom of the circle?
Vastaus
F♯ major has six sharps; G♭ major has six flats. Their tonics are enharmonic in equal temperament, but their relative minors are spelled D♯ minor and E♭ minor.
Kortti 80
Kysymys
Move one step clockwise from B♭ major. Which major key is next?
Vastaus
F major. The move goes up a perfect fifth and reduces two flats to one.
Kortti 81
Kysymys
Move one step counterclockwise from E major. Which major key is next?
Vastaus
A major. The move goes down a perfect fifth and reduces four sharps to three.
Kortti 82
Kysymys
Move one step clockwise from A♭ major. Which major key is next?
Vastaus
E♭ major. The move goes up a perfect fifth and reduces four flats to three.
Kortti 83
Kysymys
Move one step clockwise from G♭ major. Which major key is next?
Vastaus
D♭ major. The move goes up a perfect fifth and reduces six flats to five.
Kortti 84
Kysymys
How do B major and C♭ major differ at the enharmonic bottom of the circle?
Vastaus
B major has five sharps; C♭ major has seven flats. Their tonics are enharmonic in equal temperament, but their relative minors are spelled G♯ minor and A♭ minor.
Kortti 85
Kysymys
Move one step counterclockwise from C major. Which major key is next?
Vastaus
F major. The move goes down a perfect fifth and changes no accidentals to one flat.
Kortti 86
Kysymys
Move one step counterclockwise from B♭ major. Which major key is next?
Vastaus
E♭ major. The move goes down a perfect fifth and increases two flats to three.
Kortti 87
Kysymys
Move one step clockwise from F♯ major. Which major key is next?
Vastaus
C♯ major. The move goes up a perfect fifth and increases six sharps to seven.
87 korttia
Circle of Fifths Flashcards: Keys, Signatures & Relative Minors
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