Circle of Fifths Flashcards: Keys, Signatures & Relative Minors
Practice major and minor keys, spelled key signatures, relative-key pairs, accidental order, and neighboring circle positions.
Sobre este baralho
Reading a finished circle is easy; recalling one relationship without the wheel is the useful part. These 87 text-only cards make you rebuild the circle of fifths from small, practical mappings.
What the cards practice
- Circle rule → musical change: recall what clockwise and counterclockwise moves do to the tonic and key signature, plus how relative keys and accidental order work.
- Major key → spelled signature: name every accidental for all 15 conventional spellings from C♭ major through C♯ major.
- Written accidental set → major and relative minor: reverse each of those 15 signatures without relying on a staff image.
- Major key ↔ relative minor: practice all 15 pairs in both directions, keeping spellings such as D♯ minor and E♭ minor distinct.
- Local circle move → neighboring major key: move clockwise or counterclockwise across every conventional adjacent pair, including the separate sharp-side and flat-side routes at the bottom.
- Enharmonic pair → spelling distinction: compare B/C♭, F♯/G♭, and C♯/D♭ by signature and relative minor.
The deck leaves out ear training, staff-image identification, chord progressions, and exhaustive scale spelling. Staff recognition is already covered by the Major & Minor Key Signatures deck; this deck focuses on recalling the relationships behind the diagram.
The order starts with interleaved reconstruction rules, introduces signatures from zero accidentals outward, and then separates reverse and relative-key prompts with deterministic strides. The final block interleaves neighbor moves and enharmonic comparisons after their spellings are familiar. The review scheduler handles longer-term spacing after installation.
Facts were independently checked against Open Music Theory, musictheory.net, and Berklee Online. The questions, answers, selection, sequence, metadata, and generated cover are shared under CC0 1.0 to the extent those original elements can be dedicated. Musical facts remain common knowledge. No third-party media or protected deck text was used.
Cartões deste baralho
Cartão 1
Pergunta
In what order are sharps added to key signatures?
Resposta
F♯, C♯, G♯, D♯, A♯, E♯, B♯.
Cartão 2
Pergunta
What changes when you move one step clockwise on the circle of fifths?
Resposta
The tonic moves up a perfect fifth. The signature shifts one step toward sharps: add one sharp or remove one flat.
Cartão 3
Pergunta
What makes a major key and a minor key relative?
Resposta
They share the same key signature. Their tonics and modes are different.
Cartão 4
Pergunta
How can you find a major key's relative minor tonic?
Resposta
Go down a minor third from the major tonic. It is also scale degree 6 of the major scale.
Cartão 5
Pergunta
In what order are flats added to key signatures?
Resposta
B♭, E♭, A♭, D♭, G♭, C♭, F♭.
Cartão 6
Pergunta
What changes when you move one step counterclockwise on the circle of fifths?
Resposta
The tonic moves down a perfect fifth. The signature shifts one step toward flats: add one flat or remove one sharp.
Cartão 7
Pergunta
Why do 15 conventional major key signatures fit into 12 pitch-class positions?
Resposta
Three positions have two enharmonic spellings. B/C♭, F♯/G♭, and C♯/D♭ sound alike in equal temperament but use different written signatures.
Cartão 8
Pergunta
How can you find a minor key's relative major tonic?
Resposta
Go up a minor third from the minor tonic. It is also scale degree 3 of the natural minor scale.
Cartão 9
Pergunta
How are the conventional sharp and flat orders related?
Resposta
They are exact reverses. F–C–G–D–A–E–B for sharps becomes B–E–A–D–G–C–F for flats.
Cartão 10
Pergunta
What is normally true of neighboring major keys on the circle?
Resposta
Their key signatures differ by one accidental. Keep the sharp-side or flat-side spelling consistent at the enharmonic bottom.
Cartão 11
Pergunta
What is the key signature of C major?
Resposta
No sharps or flats.
Cartão 12
Pergunta
What is the key signature of G major?
Resposta
1 sharp: F♯.
Cartão 13
Pergunta
What is the key signature of F major?
Resposta
1 flat: B♭.
Cartão 14
Pergunta
What is the key signature of D major?
Resposta
2 sharps: F♯, C♯.
Cartão 15
Pergunta
What is the key signature of B♭ major?
Resposta
2 flats: B♭, E♭.
Cartão 16
Pergunta
What is the key signature of A major?
Resposta
3 sharps: F♯, C♯, G♯.
Cartão 17
Pergunta
What is the key signature of E♭ major?
Resposta
3 flats: B♭, E♭, A♭.
Cartão 18
Pergunta
What is the key signature of E major?
Resposta
4 sharps: F♯, C♯, G♯, D♯.
Cartão 19
Pergunta
What is the key signature of A♭ major?
Resposta
4 flats: B♭, E♭, A♭, D♭.
Cartão 20
Pergunta
What is the key signature of B major?
Resposta
5 sharps: F♯, C♯, G♯, D♯, A♯.
Cartão 21
Pergunta
What is the key signature of D♭ major?
Resposta
5 flats: B♭, E♭, A♭, D♭, G♭.
Cartão 22
Pergunta
What is the key signature of F♯ major?
Resposta
6 sharps: F♯, C♯, G♯, D♯, A♯, E♯.
Cartão 23
Pergunta
What is the key signature of G♭ major?
Resposta
6 flats: B♭, E♭, A♭, D♭, G♭, C♭.
Cartão 24
Pergunta
What is the key signature of C♯ major?
Resposta
7 sharps: F♯, C♯, G♯, D♯, A♯, E♯, B♯.
Cartão 25
Pergunta
What is the key signature of C♭ major?
Resposta
7 flats: B♭, E♭, A♭, D♭, G♭, C♭, F♭.
Cartão 26
Pergunta
No sharps or flats — name the conventional major key and its relative minor.
Resposta
C major and A minor.
Cartão 27
Pergunta
2 flats (B♭, E♭) — name the conventional major key and its relative minor.
Resposta
B♭ major and G minor.
Cartão 28
Pergunta
4 flats (B♭, E♭, A♭, D♭) — name the conventional major key and its relative minor.
Resposta
A♭ major and F minor.
Cartão 29
Pergunta
6 flats (B♭, E♭, A♭, D♭, G♭, C♭) — name the conventional major key and its relative minor.
Resposta
G♭ major and E♭ minor.
Cartão 30
Pergunta
1 sharp (F♯) — name the conventional major key and its relative minor.
Resposta
G major and E minor.
Cartão 31
Pergunta
3 sharps (F♯, C♯, G♯) — name the conventional major key and its relative minor.
Resposta
A major and F♯ minor.
Cartão 32
Pergunta
5 sharps (F♯, C♯, G♯, D♯, A♯) — name the conventional major key and its relative minor.
Resposta
B major and G♯ minor.
Cartão 33
Pergunta
7 sharps (F♯, C♯, G♯, D♯, A♯, E♯, B♯) — name the conventional major key and its relative minor.
Resposta
C♯ major and A♯ minor.
Cartão 34
Pergunta
1 flat (B♭) — name the conventional major key and its relative minor.
Resposta
F major and D minor.
Cartão 35
Pergunta
3 flats (B♭, E♭, A♭) — name the conventional major key and its relative minor.
Resposta
E♭ major and C minor.
Cartão 36
Pergunta
5 flats (B♭, E♭, A♭, D♭, G♭) — name the conventional major key and its relative minor.
Resposta
D♭ major and B♭ minor.
Cartão 37
Pergunta
7 flats (B♭, E♭, A♭, D♭, G♭, C♭, F♭) — name the conventional major key and its relative minor.
Resposta
C♭ major and A♭ minor.
Cartão 38
Pergunta
2 sharps (F♯, C♯) — name the conventional major key and its relative minor.
Resposta
D major and B minor.
Cartão 39
Pergunta
4 sharps (F♯, C♯, G♯, D♯) — name the conventional major key and its relative minor.
Resposta
E major and C♯ minor.
Cartão 40
Pergunta
6 sharps (F♯, C♯, G♯, D♯, A♯, E♯) — name the conventional major key and its relative minor.
Resposta
F♯ major and D♯ minor.
Cartão 41
Pergunta
What is the relative minor of C major?
Resposta
A minor. Both keys have no sharps or flats.
Cartão 42
Pergunta
What is the relative minor of E major?
Resposta
C♯ minor. Both keys have four sharps.
Cartão 43
Pergunta
What is the relative minor of C♭ major?
Resposta
A♭ minor. Both keys have seven flats.
Cartão 44
Pergunta
What is the relative minor of E♭ major?
Resposta
C minor. Both keys have three flats.
Cartão 45
Pergunta
What is the relative minor of C♯ major?
Resposta
A♯ minor. Both keys have seven sharps.
Cartão 46
Pergunta
What is the relative minor of A major?
Resposta
F♯ minor. Both keys have three sharps.
Cartão 47
Pergunta
What is the relative minor of G♭ major?
Resposta
E♭ minor. Both keys have six flats.
Cartão 48
Pergunta
What is the relative minor of B♭ major?
Resposta
G minor. Both keys have two flats.
Cartão 49
Pergunta
What is the relative minor of F♯ major?
Resposta
D♯ minor. Both keys have six sharps.
Cartão 50
Pergunta
What is the relative minor of D major?
Resposta
B minor. Both keys have two sharps.
Cartão 51
Pergunta
What is the relative minor of D♭ major?
Resposta
B♭ minor. Both keys have five flats.
Cartão 52
Pergunta
What is the relative minor of F major?
Resposta
D minor. Both keys have one flat.
Cartão 53
Pergunta
What is the relative minor of B major?
Resposta
G♯ minor. Both keys have five sharps.
Cartão 54
Pergunta
What is the relative minor of G major?
Resposta
E minor. Both keys have one sharp.
Cartão 55
Pergunta
What is the relative minor of A♭ major?
Resposta
F minor. Both keys have four flats.
Cartão 56
Pergunta
What is the relative major of B minor?
Resposta
D major. Both keys have two sharps.
Cartão 57
Pergunta
What is the relative major of A♭ minor?
Resposta
C♭ major. Both keys have seven flats.
Cartão 58
Pergunta
What is the relative major of B♭ minor?
Resposta
D♭ major. Both keys have five flats.
Cartão 59
Pergunta
What is the relative major of C minor?
Resposta
E♭ major. Both keys have three flats.
Cartão 60
Pergunta
What is the relative major of D minor?
Resposta
F major. Both keys have one flat.
Cartão 61
Pergunta
What is the relative major of A♯ minor?
Resposta
C♯ major. Both keys have seven sharps.
Cartão 62
Pergunta
What is the relative major of G♯ minor?
Resposta
B major. Both keys have five sharps.
Cartão 63
Pergunta
What is the relative major of F♯ minor?
Resposta
A major. Both keys have three sharps.
Cartão 64
Pergunta
What is the relative major of E minor?
Resposta
G major. Both keys have one sharp.
Cartão 65
Pergunta
What is the relative major of E♭ minor?
Resposta
G♭ major. Both keys have six flats.
Cartão 66
Pergunta
What is the relative major of F minor?
Resposta
A♭ major. Both keys have four flats.
Cartão 67
Pergunta
What is the relative major of G minor?
Resposta
B♭ major. Both keys have two flats.
Cartão 68
Pergunta
What is the relative major of A minor?
Resposta
C major. Both keys have no sharps or flats.
Cartão 69
Pergunta
What is the relative major of D♯ minor?
Resposta
F♯ major. Both keys have six sharps.
Cartão 70
Pergunta
What is the relative major of C♯ minor?
Resposta
E major. Both keys have four sharps.
Cartão 71
Pergunta
Move one step counterclockwise from F♯ major. Which major key is next?
Resposta
B major. The move goes down a perfect fifth and reduces six sharps to five.
Cartão 72
Pergunta
How do C♯ major and D♭ major differ at the enharmonic bottom of the circle?
Resposta
C♯ major has seven sharps; D♭ major has five flats. Their tonics are enharmonic in equal temperament, but their relative minors are spelled A♯ minor and B♭ minor.
Cartão 73
Pergunta
Move one step clockwise from C major. Which major key is next?
Resposta
G major. The move goes up a perfect fifth and changes no accidentals to one sharp.
Cartão 74
Pergunta
Move one step clockwise from D major. Which major key is next?
Resposta
A major. The move goes up a perfect fifth and increases two sharps to three.
Cartão 75
Pergunta
Move one step counterclockwise from G♭ major. Which major key is next?
Resposta
C♭ major. The move goes down a perfect fifth and increases six flats to seven.
Cartão 76
Pergunta
Move one step clockwise from E major. Which major key is next?
Resposta
B major. The move goes up a perfect fifth and increases four sharps to five.
Cartão 77
Pergunta
Move one step counterclockwise from A♭ major. Which major key is next?
Resposta
D♭ major. The move goes down a perfect fifth and increases four flats to five.
Cartão 78
Pergunta
Move one step counterclockwise from D major. Which major key is next?
Resposta
G major. The move goes down a perfect fifth and reduces two sharps to one.
Cartão 79
Pergunta
How do F♯ major and G♭ major differ at the enharmonic bottom of the circle?
Resposta
F♯ major has six sharps; G♭ major has six flats. Their tonics are enharmonic in equal temperament, but their relative minors are spelled D♯ minor and E♭ minor.
Cartão 80
Pergunta
Move one step clockwise from B♭ major. Which major key is next?
Resposta
F major. The move goes up a perfect fifth and reduces two flats to one.
Cartão 81
Pergunta
Move one step counterclockwise from E major. Which major key is next?
Resposta
A major. The move goes down a perfect fifth and reduces four sharps to three.
Cartão 82
Pergunta
Move one step clockwise from A♭ major. Which major key is next?
Resposta
E♭ major. The move goes up a perfect fifth and reduces four flats to three.
Cartão 83
Pergunta
Move one step clockwise from G♭ major. Which major key is next?
Resposta
D♭ major. The move goes up a perfect fifth and reduces six flats to five.
Cartão 84
Pergunta
How do B major and C♭ major differ at the enharmonic bottom of the circle?
Resposta
B major has five sharps; C♭ major has seven flats. Their tonics are enharmonic in equal temperament, but their relative minors are spelled G♯ minor and A♭ minor.
Cartão 85
Pergunta
Move one step counterclockwise from C major. Which major key is next?
Resposta
F major. The move goes down a perfect fifth and changes no accidentals to one flat.
Cartão 86
Pergunta
Move one step counterclockwise from B♭ major. Which major key is next?
Resposta
E♭ major. The move goes down a perfect fifth and increases two flats to three.
Cartão 87
Pergunta
Move one step clockwise from F♯ major. Which major key is next?
Resposta
C♯ major. The move goes up a perfect fifth and increases six sharps to seven.
87 cartões
Circle of Fifths Flashcards: Keys, Signatures & Relative Minors
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