Circle of Fifths Flashcards: Keys, Signatures & Relative Minors
Practice major and minor keys, spelled key signatures, relative-key pairs, accidental order, and neighboring circle positions.
O tej talii
Reading a finished circle is easy; recalling one relationship without the wheel is the useful part. These 87 text-only cards make you rebuild the circle of fifths from small, practical mappings.
What the cards practice
- Circle rule → musical change: recall what clockwise and counterclockwise moves do to the tonic and key signature, plus how relative keys and accidental order work.
- Major key → spelled signature: name every accidental for all 15 conventional spellings from C♭ major through C♯ major.
- Written accidental set → major and relative minor: reverse each of those 15 signatures without relying on a staff image.
- Major key ↔ relative minor: practice all 15 pairs in both directions, keeping spellings such as D♯ minor and E♭ minor distinct.
- Local circle move → neighboring major key: move clockwise or counterclockwise across every conventional adjacent pair, including the separate sharp-side and flat-side routes at the bottom.
- Enharmonic pair → spelling distinction: compare B/C♭, F♯/G♭, and C♯/D♭ by signature and relative minor.
The deck leaves out ear training, staff-image identification, chord progressions, and exhaustive scale spelling. Staff recognition is already covered by the Major & Minor Key Signatures deck; this deck focuses on recalling the relationships behind the diagram.
The order starts with interleaved reconstruction rules, introduces signatures from zero accidentals outward, and then separates reverse and relative-key prompts with deterministic strides. The final block interleaves neighbor moves and enharmonic comparisons after their spellings are familiar. The review scheduler handles longer-term spacing after installation.
Facts were independently checked against Open Music Theory, musictheory.net, and Berklee Online. The questions, answers, selection, sequence, metadata, and generated cover are shared under CC0 1.0 to the extent those original elements can be dedicated. Musical facts remain common knowledge. No third-party media or protected deck text was used.
Karty w tej talii
Karta 1
Pytanie
In what order are sharps added to key signatures?
Odpowiedź
F♯, C♯, G♯, D♯, A♯, E♯, B♯.
Karta 2
Pytanie
What changes when you move one step clockwise on the circle of fifths?
Odpowiedź
The tonic moves up a perfect fifth. The signature shifts one step toward sharps: add one sharp or remove one flat.
Karta 3
Pytanie
What makes a major key and a minor key relative?
Odpowiedź
They share the same key signature. Their tonics and modes are different.
Karta 4
Pytanie
How can you find a major key's relative minor tonic?
Odpowiedź
Go down a minor third from the major tonic. It is also scale degree 6 of the major scale.
Karta 5
Pytanie
In what order are flats added to key signatures?
Odpowiedź
B♭, E♭, A♭, D♭, G♭, C♭, F♭.
Karta 6
Pytanie
What changes when you move one step counterclockwise on the circle of fifths?
Odpowiedź
The tonic moves down a perfect fifth. The signature shifts one step toward flats: add one flat or remove one sharp.
Karta 7
Pytanie
Why do 15 conventional major key signatures fit into 12 pitch-class positions?
Odpowiedź
Three positions have two enharmonic spellings. B/C♭, F♯/G♭, and C♯/D♭ sound alike in equal temperament but use different written signatures.
Karta 8
Pytanie
How can you find a minor key's relative major tonic?
Odpowiedź
Go up a minor third from the minor tonic. It is also scale degree 3 of the natural minor scale.
Karta 9
Pytanie
How are the conventional sharp and flat orders related?
Odpowiedź
They are exact reverses. F–C–G–D–A–E–B for sharps becomes B–E–A–D–G–C–F for flats.
Karta 10
Pytanie
What is normally true of neighboring major keys on the circle?
Odpowiedź
Their key signatures differ by one accidental. Keep the sharp-side or flat-side spelling consistent at the enharmonic bottom.
Karta 11
Pytanie
What is the key signature of C major?
Odpowiedź
No sharps or flats.
Karta 12
Pytanie
What is the key signature of G major?
Odpowiedź
1 sharp: F♯.
Karta 13
Pytanie
What is the key signature of F major?
Odpowiedź
1 flat: B♭.
Karta 14
Pytanie
What is the key signature of D major?
Odpowiedź
2 sharps: F♯, C♯.
Karta 15
Pytanie
What is the key signature of B♭ major?
Odpowiedź
2 flats: B♭, E♭.
Karta 16
Pytanie
What is the key signature of A major?
Odpowiedź
3 sharps: F♯, C♯, G♯.
Karta 17
Pytanie
What is the key signature of E♭ major?
Odpowiedź
3 flats: B♭, E♭, A♭.
Karta 18
Pytanie
What is the key signature of E major?
Odpowiedź
4 sharps: F♯, C♯, G♯, D♯.
Karta 19
Pytanie
What is the key signature of A♭ major?
Odpowiedź
4 flats: B♭, E♭, A♭, D♭.
Karta 20
Pytanie
What is the key signature of B major?
Odpowiedź
5 sharps: F♯, C♯, G♯, D♯, A♯.
Karta 21
Pytanie
What is the key signature of D♭ major?
Odpowiedź
5 flats: B♭, E♭, A♭, D♭, G♭.
Karta 22
Pytanie
What is the key signature of F♯ major?
Odpowiedź
6 sharps: F♯, C♯, G♯, D♯, A♯, E♯.
Karta 23
Pytanie
What is the key signature of G♭ major?
Odpowiedź
6 flats: B♭, E♭, A♭, D♭, G♭, C♭.
Karta 24
Pytanie
What is the key signature of C♯ major?
Odpowiedź
7 sharps: F♯, C♯, G♯, D♯, A♯, E♯, B♯.
Karta 25
Pytanie
What is the key signature of C♭ major?
Odpowiedź
7 flats: B♭, E♭, A♭, D♭, G♭, C♭, F♭.
Karta 26
Pytanie
No sharps or flats — name the conventional major key and its relative minor.
Odpowiedź
C major and A minor.
Karta 27
Pytanie
2 flats (B♭, E♭) — name the conventional major key and its relative minor.
Odpowiedź
B♭ major and G minor.
Karta 28
Pytanie
4 flats (B♭, E♭, A♭, D♭) — name the conventional major key and its relative minor.
Odpowiedź
A♭ major and F minor.
Karta 29
Pytanie
6 flats (B♭, E♭, A♭, D♭, G♭, C♭) — name the conventional major key and its relative minor.
Odpowiedź
G♭ major and E♭ minor.
Karta 30
Pytanie
1 sharp (F♯) — name the conventional major key and its relative minor.
Odpowiedź
G major and E minor.
Karta 31
Pytanie
3 sharps (F♯, C♯, G♯) — name the conventional major key and its relative minor.
Odpowiedź
A major and F♯ minor.
Karta 32
Pytanie
5 sharps (F♯, C♯, G♯, D♯, A♯) — name the conventional major key and its relative minor.
Odpowiedź
B major and G♯ minor.
Karta 33
Pytanie
7 sharps (F♯, C♯, G♯, D♯, A♯, E♯, B♯) — name the conventional major key and its relative minor.
Odpowiedź
C♯ major and A♯ minor.
Karta 34
Pytanie
1 flat (B♭) — name the conventional major key and its relative minor.
Odpowiedź
F major and D minor.
Karta 35
Pytanie
3 flats (B♭, E♭, A♭) — name the conventional major key and its relative minor.
Odpowiedź
E♭ major and C minor.
Karta 36
Pytanie
5 flats (B♭, E♭, A♭, D♭, G♭) — name the conventional major key and its relative minor.
Odpowiedź
D♭ major and B♭ minor.
Karta 37
Pytanie
7 flats (B♭, E♭, A♭, D♭, G♭, C♭, F♭) — name the conventional major key and its relative minor.
Odpowiedź
C♭ major and A♭ minor.
Karta 38
Pytanie
2 sharps (F♯, C♯) — name the conventional major key and its relative minor.
Odpowiedź
D major and B minor.
Karta 39
Pytanie
4 sharps (F♯, C♯, G♯, D♯) — name the conventional major key and its relative minor.
Odpowiedź
E major and C♯ minor.
Karta 40
Pytanie
6 sharps (F♯, C♯, G♯, D♯, A♯, E♯) — name the conventional major key and its relative minor.
Odpowiedź
F♯ major and D♯ minor.
Karta 41
Pytanie
What is the relative minor of C major?
Odpowiedź
A minor. Both keys have no sharps or flats.
Karta 42
Pytanie
What is the relative minor of E major?
Odpowiedź
C♯ minor. Both keys have four sharps.
Karta 43
Pytanie
What is the relative minor of C♭ major?
Odpowiedź
A♭ minor. Both keys have seven flats.
Karta 44
Pytanie
What is the relative minor of E♭ major?
Odpowiedź
C minor. Both keys have three flats.
Karta 45
Pytanie
What is the relative minor of C♯ major?
Odpowiedź
A♯ minor. Both keys have seven sharps.
Karta 46
Pytanie
What is the relative minor of A major?
Odpowiedź
F♯ minor. Both keys have three sharps.
Karta 47
Pytanie
What is the relative minor of G♭ major?
Odpowiedź
E♭ minor. Both keys have six flats.
Karta 48
Pytanie
What is the relative minor of B♭ major?
Odpowiedź
G minor. Both keys have two flats.
Karta 49
Pytanie
What is the relative minor of F♯ major?
Odpowiedź
D♯ minor. Both keys have six sharps.
Karta 50
Pytanie
What is the relative minor of D major?
Odpowiedź
B minor. Both keys have two sharps.
Karta 51
Pytanie
What is the relative minor of D♭ major?
Odpowiedź
B♭ minor. Both keys have five flats.
Karta 52
Pytanie
What is the relative minor of F major?
Odpowiedź
D minor. Both keys have one flat.
Karta 53
Pytanie
What is the relative minor of B major?
Odpowiedź
G♯ minor. Both keys have five sharps.
Karta 54
Pytanie
What is the relative minor of G major?
Odpowiedź
E minor. Both keys have one sharp.
Karta 55
Pytanie
What is the relative minor of A♭ major?
Odpowiedź
F minor. Both keys have four flats.
Karta 56
Pytanie
What is the relative major of B minor?
Odpowiedź
D major. Both keys have two sharps.
Karta 57
Pytanie
What is the relative major of A♭ minor?
Odpowiedź
C♭ major. Both keys have seven flats.
Karta 58
Pytanie
What is the relative major of B♭ minor?
Odpowiedź
D♭ major. Both keys have five flats.
Karta 59
Pytanie
What is the relative major of C minor?
Odpowiedź
E♭ major. Both keys have three flats.
Karta 60
Pytanie
What is the relative major of D minor?
Odpowiedź
F major. Both keys have one flat.
Karta 61
Pytanie
What is the relative major of A♯ minor?
Odpowiedź
C♯ major. Both keys have seven sharps.
Karta 62
Pytanie
What is the relative major of G♯ minor?
Odpowiedź
B major. Both keys have five sharps.
Karta 63
Pytanie
What is the relative major of F♯ minor?
Odpowiedź
A major. Both keys have three sharps.
Karta 64
Pytanie
What is the relative major of E minor?
Odpowiedź
G major. Both keys have one sharp.
Karta 65
Pytanie
What is the relative major of E♭ minor?
Odpowiedź
G♭ major. Both keys have six flats.
Karta 66
Pytanie
What is the relative major of F minor?
Odpowiedź
A♭ major. Both keys have four flats.
Karta 67
Pytanie
What is the relative major of G minor?
Odpowiedź
B♭ major. Both keys have two flats.
Karta 68
Pytanie
What is the relative major of A minor?
Odpowiedź
C major. Both keys have no sharps or flats.
Karta 69
Pytanie
What is the relative major of D♯ minor?
Odpowiedź
F♯ major. Both keys have six sharps.
Karta 70
Pytanie
What is the relative major of C♯ minor?
Odpowiedź
E major. Both keys have four sharps.
Karta 71
Pytanie
Move one step counterclockwise from F♯ major. Which major key is next?
Odpowiedź
B major. The move goes down a perfect fifth and reduces six sharps to five.
Karta 72
Pytanie
How do C♯ major and D♭ major differ at the enharmonic bottom of the circle?
Odpowiedź
C♯ major has seven sharps; D♭ major has five flats. Their tonics are enharmonic in equal temperament, but their relative minors are spelled A♯ minor and B♭ minor.
Karta 73
Pytanie
Move one step clockwise from C major. Which major key is next?
Odpowiedź
G major. The move goes up a perfect fifth and changes no accidentals to one sharp.
Karta 74
Pytanie
Move one step clockwise from D major. Which major key is next?
Odpowiedź
A major. The move goes up a perfect fifth and increases two sharps to three.
Karta 75
Pytanie
Move one step counterclockwise from G♭ major. Which major key is next?
Odpowiedź
C♭ major. The move goes down a perfect fifth and increases six flats to seven.
Karta 76
Pytanie
Move one step clockwise from E major. Which major key is next?
Odpowiedź
B major. The move goes up a perfect fifth and increases four sharps to five.
Karta 77
Pytanie
Move one step counterclockwise from A♭ major. Which major key is next?
Odpowiedź
D♭ major. The move goes down a perfect fifth and increases four flats to five.
Karta 78
Pytanie
Move one step counterclockwise from D major. Which major key is next?
Odpowiedź
G major. The move goes down a perfect fifth and reduces two sharps to one.
Karta 79
Pytanie
How do F♯ major and G♭ major differ at the enharmonic bottom of the circle?
Odpowiedź
F♯ major has six sharps; G♭ major has six flats. Their tonics are enharmonic in equal temperament, but their relative minors are spelled D♯ minor and E♭ minor.
Karta 80
Pytanie
Move one step clockwise from B♭ major. Which major key is next?
Odpowiedź
F major. The move goes up a perfect fifth and reduces two flats to one.
Karta 81
Pytanie
Move one step counterclockwise from E major. Which major key is next?
Odpowiedź
A major. The move goes down a perfect fifth and reduces four sharps to three.
Karta 82
Pytanie
Move one step clockwise from A♭ major. Which major key is next?
Odpowiedź
E♭ major. The move goes up a perfect fifth and reduces four flats to three.
Karta 83
Pytanie
Move one step clockwise from G♭ major. Which major key is next?
Odpowiedź
D♭ major. The move goes up a perfect fifth and reduces six flats to five.
Karta 84
Pytanie
How do B major and C♭ major differ at the enharmonic bottom of the circle?
Odpowiedź
B major has five sharps; C♭ major has seven flats. Their tonics are enharmonic in equal temperament, but their relative minors are spelled G♯ minor and A♭ minor.
Karta 85
Pytanie
Move one step counterclockwise from C major. Which major key is next?
Odpowiedź
F major. The move goes down a perfect fifth and changes no accidentals to one flat.
Karta 86
Pytanie
Move one step counterclockwise from B♭ major. Which major key is next?
Odpowiedź
E♭ major. The move goes down a perfect fifth and increases two flats to three.
Karta 87
Pytanie
Move one step clockwise from F♯ major. Which major key is next?
Odpowiedź
C♯ major. The move goes up a perfect fifth and increases six sharps to seven.
87 kart
Circle of Fifths Flashcards: Keys, Signatures & Relative Minors
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