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Circle of Fifths Flashcards: Keys, Signatures & Relative Minors

Practice major and minor keys, spelled key signatures, relative-key pairs, accidental order, and neighboring circle positions.

Autors Open Study Contributor

Par šo kavu

Reading a finished circle is easy; recalling one relationship without the wheel is the useful part. These 87 text-only cards make you rebuild the circle of fifths from small, practical mappings.

What the cards practice

  • Circle rule → musical change: recall what clockwise and counterclockwise moves do to the tonic and key signature, plus how relative keys and accidental order work.
  • Major key → spelled signature: name every accidental for all 15 conventional spellings from C♭ major through C♯ major.
  • Written accidental set → major and relative minor: reverse each of those 15 signatures without relying on a staff image.
  • Major key ↔ relative minor: practice all 15 pairs in both directions, keeping spellings such as D♯ minor and E♭ minor distinct.
  • Local circle move → neighboring major key: move clockwise or counterclockwise across every conventional adjacent pair, including the separate sharp-side and flat-side routes at the bottom.
  • Enharmonic pair → spelling distinction: compare B/C♭, F♯/G♭, and C♯/D♭ by signature and relative minor.

The deck leaves out ear training, staff-image identification, chord progressions, and exhaustive scale spelling. Staff recognition is already covered by the Major & Minor Key Signatures deck; this deck focuses on recalling the relationships behind the diagram.

The order starts with interleaved reconstruction rules, introduces signatures from zero accidentals outward, and then separates reverse and relative-key prompts with deterministic strides. The final block interleaves neighbor moves and enharmonic comparisons after their spellings are familiar. The review scheduler handles longer-term spacing after installation.

Facts were independently checked against Open Music Theory, musictheory.net, and Berklee Online. The questions, answers, selection, sequence, metadata, and generated cover are shared under CC0 1.0 to the extent those original elements can be dedicated. Musical facts remain common knowledge. No third-party media or protected deck text was used.

Kartītes šajā kavā

  1. 1. kartīte

    Jautājums

    In what order are sharps added to key signatures?

    Atbilde

    F♯, C♯, G♯, D♯, A♯, E♯, B♯.

  2. 2. kartīte

    Jautājums

    What changes when you move one step clockwise on the circle of fifths?

    Atbilde

    The tonic moves up a perfect fifth. The signature shifts one step toward sharps: add one sharp or remove one flat.

  3. 3. kartīte

    Jautājums

    What makes a major key and a minor key relative?

    Atbilde

    They share the same key signature. Their tonics and modes are different.

  4. 4. kartīte

    Jautājums

    How can you find a major key's relative minor tonic?

    Atbilde

    Go down a minor third from the major tonic. It is also scale degree 6 of the major scale.

  5. 5. kartīte

    Jautājums

    In what order are flats added to key signatures?

    Atbilde

    B♭, E♭, A♭, D♭, G♭, C♭, F♭.

  6. 6. kartīte

    Jautājums

    What changes when you move one step counterclockwise on the circle of fifths?

    Atbilde

    The tonic moves down a perfect fifth. The signature shifts one step toward flats: add one flat or remove one sharp.

  7. 7. kartīte

    Jautājums

    Why do 15 conventional major key signatures fit into 12 pitch-class positions?

    Atbilde

    Three positions have two enharmonic spellings. B/C♭, F♯/G♭, and C♯/D♭ sound alike in equal temperament but use different written signatures.

  8. 8. kartīte

    Jautājums

    How can you find a minor key's relative major tonic?

    Atbilde

    Go up a minor third from the minor tonic. It is also scale degree 3 of the natural minor scale.

  9. 9. kartīte

    Jautājums

    How are the conventional sharp and flat orders related?

    Atbilde

    They are exact reverses. F–C–G–D–A–E–B for sharps becomes B–E–A–D–G–C–F for flats.

  10. 10. kartīte

    Jautājums

    What is normally true of neighboring major keys on the circle?

    Atbilde

    Their key signatures differ by one accidental. Keep the sharp-side or flat-side spelling consistent at the enharmonic bottom.

  11. 11. kartīte

    Jautājums

    What is the key signature of C major?

    Atbilde

    No sharps or flats.

  12. 12. kartīte

    Jautājums

    What is the key signature of G major?

    Atbilde

    1 sharp: F♯.

  13. 13. kartīte

    Jautājums

    What is the key signature of F major?

    Atbilde

    1 flat: B♭.

  14. 14. kartīte

    Jautājums

    What is the key signature of D major?

    Atbilde

    2 sharps: F♯, C♯.

  15. 15. kartīte

    Jautājums

    What is the key signature of B♭ major?

    Atbilde

    2 flats: B♭, E♭.

  16. 16. kartīte

    Jautājums

    What is the key signature of A major?

    Atbilde

    3 sharps: F♯, C♯, G♯.

  17. 17. kartīte

    Jautājums

    What is the key signature of E♭ major?

    Atbilde

    3 flats: B♭, E♭, A♭.

  18. 18. kartīte

    Jautājums

    What is the key signature of E major?

    Atbilde

    4 sharps: F♯, C♯, G♯, D♯.

  19. 19. kartīte

    Jautājums

    What is the key signature of A♭ major?

    Atbilde

    4 flats: B♭, E♭, A♭, D♭.

  20. 20. kartīte

    Jautājums

    What is the key signature of B major?

    Atbilde

    5 sharps: F♯, C♯, G♯, D♯, A♯.

  21. 21. kartīte

    Jautājums

    What is the key signature of D♭ major?

    Atbilde

    5 flats: B♭, E♭, A♭, D♭, G♭.

  22. 22. kartīte

    Jautājums

    What is the key signature of F♯ major?

    Atbilde

    6 sharps: F♯, C♯, G♯, D♯, A♯, E♯.

  23. 23. kartīte

    Jautājums

    What is the key signature of G♭ major?

    Atbilde

    6 flats: B♭, E♭, A♭, D♭, G♭, C♭.

  24. 24. kartīte

    Jautājums

    What is the key signature of C♯ major?

    Atbilde

    7 sharps: F♯, C♯, G♯, D♯, A♯, E♯, B♯.

  25. 25. kartīte

    Jautājums

    What is the key signature of C♭ major?

    Atbilde

    7 flats: B♭, E♭, A♭, D♭, G♭, C♭, F♭.

  26. 26. kartīte

    Jautājums

    No sharps or flats — name the conventional major key and its relative minor.

    Atbilde

    C major and A minor.

  27. 27. kartīte

    Jautājums

    2 flats (B♭, E♭) — name the conventional major key and its relative minor.

    Atbilde

    B♭ major and G minor.

  28. 28. kartīte

    Jautājums

    4 flats (B♭, E♭, A♭, D♭) — name the conventional major key and its relative minor.

    Atbilde

    A♭ major and F minor.

  29. 29. kartīte

    Jautājums

    6 flats (B♭, E♭, A♭, D♭, G♭, C♭) — name the conventional major key and its relative minor.

    Atbilde

    G♭ major and E♭ minor.

  30. 30. kartīte

    Jautājums

    1 sharp (F♯) — name the conventional major key and its relative minor.

    Atbilde

    G major and E minor.

  31. 31. kartīte

    Jautājums

    3 sharps (F♯, C♯, G♯) — name the conventional major key and its relative minor.

    Atbilde

    A major and F♯ minor.

  32. 32. kartīte

    Jautājums

    5 sharps (F♯, C♯, G♯, D♯, A♯) — name the conventional major key and its relative minor.

    Atbilde

    B major and G♯ minor.

  33. 33. kartīte

    Jautājums

    7 sharps (F♯, C♯, G♯, D♯, A♯, E♯, B♯) — name the conventional major key and its relative minor.

    Atbilde

    C♯ major and A♯ minor.

  34. 34. kartīte

    Jautājums

    1 flat (B♭) — name the conventional major key and its relative minor.

    Atbilde

    F major and D minor.

  35. 35. kartīte

    Jautājums

    3 flats (B♭, E♭, A♭) — name the conventional major key and its relative minor.

    Atbilde

    E♭ major and C minor.

  36. 36. kartīte

    Jautājums

    5 flats (B♭, E♭, A♭, D♭, G♭) — name the conventional major key and its relative minor.

    Atbilde

    D♭ major and B♭ minor.

  37. 37. kartīte

    Jautājums

    7 flats (B♭, E♭, A♭, D♭, G♭, C♭, F♭) — name the conventional major key and its relative minor.

    Atbilde

    C♭ major and A♭ minor.

  38. 38. kartīte

    Jautājums

    2 sharps (F♯, C♯) — name the conventional major key and its relative minor.

    Atbilde

    D major and B minor.

  39. 39. kartīte

    Jautājums

    4 sharps (F♯, C♯, G♯, D♯) — name the conventional major key and its relative minor.

    Atbilde

    E major and C♯ minor.

  40. 40. kartīte

    Jautājums

    6 sharps (F♯, C♯, G♯, D♯, A♯, E♯) — name the conventional major key and its relative minor.

    Atbilde

    F♯ major and D♯ minor.

  41. 41. kartīte

    Jautājums

    What is the relative minor of C major?

    Atbilde

    A minor. Both keys have no sharps or flats.

  42. 42. kartīte

    Jautājums

    What is the relative minor of E major?

    Atbilde

    C♯ minor. Both keys have four sharps.

  43. 43. kartīte

    Jautājums

    What is the relative minor of C♭ major?

    Atbilde

    A♭ minor. Both keys have seven flats.

  44. 44. kartīte

    Jautājums

    What is the relative minor of E♭ major?

    Atbilde

    C minor. Both keys have three flats.

  45. 45. kartīte

    Jautājums

    What is the relative minor of C♯ major?

    Atbilde

    A♯ minor. Both keys have seven sharps.

  46. 46. kartīte

    Jautājums

    What is the relative minor of A major?

    Atbilde

    F♯ minor. Both keys have three sharps.

  47. 47. kartīte

    Jautājums

    What is the relative minor of G♭ major?

    Atbilde

    E♭ minor. Both keys have six flats.

  48. 48. kartīte

    Jautājums

    What is the relative minor of B♭ major?

    Atbilde

    G minor. Both keys have two flats.

  49. 49. kartīte

    Jautājums

    What is the relative minor of F♯ major?

    Atbilde

    D♯ minor. Both keys have six sharps.

  50. 50. kartīte

    Jautājums

    What is the relative minor of D major?

    Atbilde

    B minor. Both keys have two sharps.

  51. 51. kartīte

    Jautājums

    What is the relative minor of D♭ major?

    Atbilde

    B♭ minor. Both keys have five flats.

  52. 52. kartīte

    Jautājums

    What is the relative minor of F major?

    Atbilde

    D minor. Both keys have one flat.

  53. 53. kartīte

    Jautājums

    What is the relative minor of B major?

    Atbilde

    G♯ minor. Both keys have five sharps.

  54. 54. kartīte

    Jautājums

    What is the relative minor of G major?

    Atbilde

    E minor. Both keys have one sharp.

  55. 55. kartīte

    Jautājums

    What is the relative minor of A♭ major?

    Atbilde

    F minor. Both keys have four flats.

  56. 56. kartīte

    Jautājums

    What is the relative major of B minor?

    Atbilde

    D major. Both keys have two sharps.

  57. 57. kartīte

    Jautājums

    What is the relative major of A♭ minor?

    Atbilde

    C♭ major. Both keys have seven flats.

  58. 58. kartīte

    Jautājums

    What is the relative major of B♭ minor?

    Atbilde

    D♭ major. Both keys have five flats.

  59. 59. kartīte

    Jautājums

    What is the relative major of C minor?

    Atbilde

    E♭ major. Both keys have three flats.

  60. 60. kartīte

    Jautājums

    What is the relative major of D minor?

    Atbilde

    F major. Both keys have one flat.

  61. 61. kartīte

    Jautājums

    What is the relative major of A♯ minor?

    Atbilde

    C♯ major. Both keys have seven sharps.

  62. 62. kartīte

    Jautājums

    What is the relative major of G♯ minor?

    Atbilde

    B major. Both keys have five sharps.

  63. 63. kartīte

    Jautājums

    What is the relative major of F♯ minor?

    Atbilde

    A major. Both keys have three sharps.

  64. 64. kartīte

    Jautājums

    What is the relative major of E minor?

    Atbilde

    G major. Both keys have one sharp.

  65. 65. kartīte

    Jautājums

    What is the relative major of E♭ minor?

    Atbilde

    G♭ major. Both keys have six flats.

  66. 66. kartīte

    Jautājums

    What is the relative major of F minor?

    Atbilde

    A♭ major. Both keys have four flats.

  67. 67. kartīte

    Jautājums

    What is the relative major of G minor?

    Atbilde

    B♭ major. Both keys have two flats.

  68. 68. kartīte

    Jautājums

    What is the relative major of A minor?

    Atbilde

    C major. Both keys have no sharps or flats.

  69. 69. kartīte

    Jautājums

    What is the relative major of D♯ minor?

    Atbilde

    F♯ major. Both keys have six sharps.

  70. 70. kartīte

    Jautājums

    What is the relative major of C♯ minor?

    Atbilde

    E major. Both keys have four sharps.

  71. 71. kartīte

    Jautājums

    Move one step counterclockwise from F♯ major. Which major key is next?

    Atbilde

    B major. The move goes down a perfect fifth and reduces six sharps to five.

  72. 72. kartīte

    Jautājums

    How do C♯ major and D♭ major differ at the enharmonic bottom of the circle?

    Atbilde

    C♯ major has seven sharps; D♭ major has five flats. Their tonics are enharmonic in equal temperament, but their relative minors are spelled A♯ minor and B♭ minor.

  73. 73. kartīte

    Jautājums

    Move one step clockwise from C major. Which major key is next?

    Atbilde

    G major. The move goes up a perfect fifth and changes no accidentals to one sharp.

  74. 74. kartīte

    Jautājums

    Move one step clockwise from D major. Which major key is next?

    Atbilde

    A major. The move goes up a perfect fifth and increases two sharps to three.

  75. 75. kartīte

    Jautājums

    Move one step counterclockwise from G♭ major. Which major key is next?

    Atbilde

    C♭ major. The move goes down a perfect fifth and increases six flats to seven.

  76. 76. kartīte

    Jautājums

    Move one step clockwise from E major. Which major key is next?

    Atbilde

    B major. The move goes up a perfect fifth and increases four sharps to five.

  77. 77. kartīte

    Jautājums

    Move one step counterclockwise from A♭ major. Which major key is next?

    Atbilde

    D♭ major. The move goes down a perfect fifth and increases four flats to five.

  78. 78. kartīte

    Jautājums

    Move one step counterclockwise from D major. Which major key is next?

    Atbilde

    G major. The move goes down a perfect fifth and reduces two sharps to one.

  79. 79. kartīte

    Jautājums

    How do F♯ major and G♭ major differ at the enharmonic bottom of the circle?

    Atbilde

    F♯ major has six sharps; G♭ major has six flats. Their tonics are enharmonic in equal temperament, but their relative minors are spelled D♯ minor and E♭ minor.

  80. 80. kartīte

    Jautājums

    Move one step clockwise from B♭ major. Which major key is next?

    Atbilde

    F major. The move goes up a perfect fifth and reduces two flats to one.

  81. 81. kartīte

    Jautājums

    Move one step counterclockwise from E major. Which major key is next?

    Atbilde

    A major. The move goes down a perfect fifth and reduces four sharps to three.

  82. 82. kartīte

    Jautājums

    Move one step clockwise from A♭ major. Which major key is next?

    Atbilde

    E♭ major. The move goes up a perfect fifth and reduces four flats to three.

  83. 83. kartīte

    Jautājums

    Move one step clockwise from G♭ major. Which major key is next?

    Atbilde

    D♭ major. The move goes up a perfect fifth and reduces six flats to five.

  84. 84. kartīte

    Jautājums

    How do B major and C♭ major differ at the enharmonic bottom of the circle?

    Atbilde

    B major has five sharps; C♭ major has seven flats. Their tonics are enharmonic in equal temperament, but their relative minors are spelled G♯ minor and A♭ minor.

  85. 85. kartīte

    Jautājums

    Move one step counterclockwise from C major. Which major key is next?

    Atbilde

    F major. The move goes down a perfect fifth and changes no accidentals to one flat.

  86. 86. kartīte

    Jautājums

    Move one step counterclockwise from B♭ major. Which major key is next?

    Atbilde

    E♭ major. The move goes down a perfect fifth and increases two flats to three.

  87. 87. kartīte

    Jautājums

    Move one step clockwise from F♯ major. Which major key is next?

    Atbilde

    C♯ major. The move goes up a perfect fifth and increases six sharps to seven.

A midnight-blue illustration of twelve colored nodes joined in a luminous circle, with small musical notes around it.

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Circle of Fifths Flashcards: Keys, Signatures & Relative Minors

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