Circle of Fifths Flashcards: Keys, Signatures & Relative Minors
Practice major and minor keys, spelled key signatures, relative-key pairs, accidental order, and neighboring circle positions.
Tentang dek ini
Reading a finished circle is easy; recalling one relationship without the wheel is the useful part. These 87 text-only cards make you rebuild the circle of fifths from small, practical mappings.
What the cards practice
- Circle rule → musical change: recall what clockwise and counterclockwise moves do to the tonic and key signature, plus how relative keys and accidental order work.
- Major key → spelled signature: name every accidental for all 15 conventional spellings from C♭ major through C♯ major.
- Written accidental set → major and relative minor: reverse each of those 15 signatures without relying on a staff image.
- Major key ↔ relative minor: practice all 15 pairs in both directions, keeping spellings such as D♯ minor and E♭ minor distinct.
- Local circle move → neighboring major key: move clockwise or counterclockwise across every conventional adjacent pair, including the separate sharp-side and flat-side routes at the bottom.
- Enharmonic pair → spelling distinction: compare B/C♭, F♯/G♭, and C♯/D♭ by signature and relative minor.
The deck leaves out ear training, staff-image identification, chord progressions, and exhaustive scale spelling. Staff recognition is already covered by the Major & Minor Key Signatures deck; this deck focuses on recalling the relationships behind the diagram.
The order starts with interleaved reconstruction rules, introduces signatures from zero accidentals outward, and then separates reverse and relative-key prompts with deterministic strides. The final block interleaves neighbor moves and enharmonic comparisons after their spellings are familiar. The review scheduler handles longer-term spacing after installation.
Facts were independently checked against Open Music Theory, musictheory.net, and Berklee Online. The questions, answers, selection, sequence, metadata, and generated cover are shared under CC0 1.0 to the extent those original elements can be dedicated. Musical facts remain common knowledge. No third-party media or protected deck text was used.
Kartu dalam dek ini
Kartu 1
Pertanyaan
In what order are sharps added to key signatures?
Jawaban
F♯, C♯, G♯, D♯, A♯, E♯, B♯.
Kartu 2
Pertanyaan
What changes when you move one step clockwise on the circle of fifths?
Jawaban
The tonic moves up a perfect fifth. The signature shifts one step toward sharps: add one sharp or remove one flat.
Kartu 3
Pertanyaan
What makes a major key and a minor key relative?
Jawaban
They share the same key signature. Their tonics and modes are different.
Kartu 4
Pertanyaan
How can you find a major key's relative minor tonic?
Jawaban
Go down a minor third from the major tonic. It is also scale degree 6 of the major scale.
Kartu 5
Pertanyaan
In what order are flats added to key signatures?
Jawaban
B♭, E♭, A♭, D♭, G♭, C♭, F♭.
Kartu 6
Pertanyaan
What changes when you move one step counterclockwise on the circle of fifths?
Jawaban
The tonic moves down a perfect fifth. The signature shifts one step toward flats: add one flat or remove one sharp.
Kartu 7
Pertanyaan
Why do 15 conventional major key signatures fit into 12 pitch-class positions?
Jawaban
Three positions have two enharmonic spellings. B/C♭, F♯/G♭, and C♯/D♭ sound alike in equal temperament but use different written signatures.
Kartu 8
Pertanyaan
How can you find a minor key's relative major tonic?
Jawaban
Go up a minor third from the minor tonic. It is also scale degree 3 of the natural minor scale.
Kartu 9
Pertanyaan
How are the conventional sharp and flat orders related?
Jawaban
They are exact reverses. F–C–G–D–A–E–B for sharps becomes B–E–A–D–G–C–F for flats.
Kartu 10
Pertanyaan
What is normally true of neighboring major keys on the circle?
Jawaban
Their key signatures differ by one accidental. Keep the sharp-side or flat-side spelling consistent at the enharmonic bottom.
Kartu 11
Pertanyaan
What is the key signature of C major?
Jawaban
No sharps or flats.
Kartu 12
Pertanyaan
What is the key signature of G major?
Jawaban
1 sharp: F♯.
Kartu 13
Pertanyaan
What is the key signature of F major?
Jawaban
1 flat: B♭.
Kartu 14
Pertanyaan
What is the key signature of D major?
Jawaban
2 sharps: F♯, C♯.
Kartu 15
Pertanyaan
What is the key signature of B♭ major?
Jawaban
2 flats: B♭, E♭.
Kartu 16
Pertanyaan
What is the key signature of A major?
Jawaban
3 sharps: F♯, C♯, G♯.
Kartu 17
Pertanyaan
What is the key signature of E♭ major?
Jawaban
3 flats: B♭, E♭, A♭.
Kartu 18
Pertanyaan
What is the key signature of E major?
Jawaban
4 sharps: F♯, C♯, G♯, D♯.
Kartu 19
Pertanyaan
What is the key signature of A♭ major?
Jawaban
4 flats: B♭, E♭, A♭, D♭.
Kartu 20
Pertanyaan
What is the key signature of B major?
Jawaban
5 sharps: F♯, C♯, G♯, D♯, A♯.
Kartu 21
Pertanyaan
What is the key signature of D♭ major?
Jawaban
5 flats: B♭, E♭, A♭, D♭, G♭.
Kartu 22
Pertanyaan
What is the key signature of F♯ major?
Jawaban
6 sharps: F♯, C♯, G♯, D♯, A♯, E♯.
Kartu 23
Pertanyaan
What is the key signature of G♭ major?
Jawaban
6 flats: B♭, E♭, A♭, D♭, G♭, C♭.
Kartu 24
Pertanyaan
What is the key signature of C♯ major?
Jawaban
7 sharps: F♯, C♯, G♯, D♯, A♯, E♯, B♯.
Kartu 25
Pertanyaan
What is the key signature of C♭ major?
Jawaban
7 flats: B♭, E♭, A♭, D♭, G♭, C♭, F♭.
Kartu 26
Pertanyaan
No sharps or flats — name the conventional major key and its relative minor.
Jawaban
C major and A minor.
Kartu 27
Pertanyaan
2 flats (B♭, E♭) — name the conventional major key and its relative minor.
Jawaban
B♭ major and G minor.
Kartu 28
Pertanyaan
4 flats (B♭, E♭, A♭, D♭) — name the conventional major key and its relative minor.
Jawaban
A♭ major and F minor.
Kartu 29
Pertanyaan
6 flats (B♭, E♭, A♭, D♭, G♭, C♭) — name the conventional major key and its relative minor.
Jawaban
G♭ major and E♭ minor.
Kartu 30
Pertanyaan
1 sharp (F♯) — name the conventional major key and its relative minor.
Jawaban
G major and E minor.
Kartu 31
Pertanyaan
3 sharps (F♯, C♯, G♯) — name the conventional major key and its relative minor.
Jawaban
A major and F♯ minor.
Kartu 32
Pertanyaan
5 sharps (F♯, C♯, G♯, D♯, A♯) — name the conventional major key and its relative minor.
Jawaban
B major and G♯ minor.
Kartu 33
Pertanyaan
7 sharps (F♯, C♯, G♯, D♯, A♯, E♯, B♯) — name the conventional major key and its relative minor.
Jawaban
C♯ major and A♯ minor.
Kartu 34
Pertanyaan
1 flat (B♭) — name the conventional major key and its relative minor.
Jawaban
F major and D minor.
Kartu 35
Pertanyaan
3 flats (B♭, E♭, A♭) — name the conventional major key and its relative minor.
Jawaban
E♭ major and C minor.
Kartu 36
Pertanyaan
5 flats (B♭, E♭, A♭, D♭, G♭) — name the conventional major key and its relative minor.
Jawaban
D♭ major and B♭ minor.
Kartu 37
Pertanyaan
7 flats (B♭, E♭, A♭, D♭, G♭, C♭, F♭) — name the conventional major key and its relative minor.
Jawaban
C♭ major and A♭ minor.
Kartu 38
Pertanyaan
2 sharps (F♯, C♯) — name the conventional major key and its relative minor.
Jawaban
D major and B minor.
Kartu 39
Pertanyaan
4 sharps (F♯, C♯, G♯, D♯) — name the conventional major key and its relative minor.
Jawaban
E major and C♯ minor.
Kartu 40
Pertanyaan
6 sharps (F♯, C♯, G♯, D♯, A♯, E♯) — name the conventional major key and its relative minor.
Jawaban
F♯ major and D♯ minor.
Kartu 41
Pertanyaan
What is the relative minor of C major?
Jawaban
A minor. Both keys have no sharps or flats.
Kartu 42
Pertanyaan
What is the relative minor of E major?
Jawaban
C♯ minor. Both keys have four sharps.
Kartu 43
Pertanyaan
What is the relative minor of C♭ major?
Jawaban
A♭ minor. Both keys have seven flats.
Kartu 44
Pertanyaan
What is the relative minor of E♭ major?
Jawaban
C minor. Both keys have three flats.
Kartu 45
Pertanyaan
What is the relative minor of C♯ major?
Jawaban
A♯ minor. Both keys have seven sharps.
Kartu 46
Pertanyaan
What is the relative minor of A major?
Jawaban
F♯ minor. Both keys have three sharps.
Kartu 47
Pertanyaan
What is the relative minor of G♭ major?
Jawaban
E♭ minor. Both keys have six flats.
Kartu 48
Pertanyaan
What is the relative minor of B♭ major?
Jawaban
G minor. Both keys have two flats.
Kartu 49
Pertanyaan
What is the relative minor of F♯ major?
Jawaban
D♯ minor. Both keys have six sharps.
Kartu 50
Pertanyaan
What is the relative minor of D major?
Jawaban
B minor. Both keys have two sharps.
Kartu 51
Pertanyaan
What is the relative minor of D♭ major?
Jawaban
B♭ minor. Both keys have five flats.
Kartu 52
Pertanyaan
What is the relative minor of F major?
Jawaban
D minor. Both keys have one flat.
Kartu 53
Pertanyaan
What is the relative minor of B major?
Jawaban
G♯ minor. Both keys have five sharps.
Kartu 54
Pertanyaan
What is the relative minor of G major?
Jawaban
E minor. Both keys have one sharp.
Kartu 55
Pertanyaan
What is the relative minor of A♭ major?
Jawaban
F minor. Both keys have four flats.
Kartu 56
Pertanyaan
What is the relative major of B minor?
Jawaban
D major. Both keys have two sharps.
Kartu 57
Pertanyaan
What is the relative major of A♭ minor?
Jawaban
C♭ major. Both keys have seven flats.
Kartu 58
Pertanyaan
What is the relative major of B♭ minor?
Jawaban
D♭ major. Both keys have five flats.
Kartu 59
Pertanyaan
What is the relative major of C minor?
Jawaban
E♭ major. Both keys have three flats.
Kartu 60
Pertanyaan
What is the relative major of D minor?
Jawaban
F major. Both keys have one flat.
Kartu 61
Pertanyaan
What is the relative major of A♯ minor?
Jawaban
C♯ major. Both keys have seven sharps.
Kartu 62
Pertanyaan
What is the relative major of G♯ minor?
Jawaban
B major. Both keys have five sharps.
Kartu 63
Pertanyaan
What is the relative major of F♯ minor?
Jawaban
A major. Both keys have three sharps.
Kartu 64
Pertanyaan
What is the relative major of E minor?
Jawaban
G major. Both keys have one sharp.
Kartu 65
Pertanyaan
What is the relative major of E♭ minor?
Jawaban
G♭ major. Both keys have six flats.
Kartu 66
Pertanyaan
What is the relative major of F minor?
Jawaban
A♭ major. Both keys have four flats.
Kartu 67
Pertanyaan
What is the relative major of G minor?
Jawaban
B♭ major. Both keys have two flats.
Kartu 68
Pertanyaan
What is the relative major of A minor?
Jawaban
C major. Both keys have no sharps or flats.
Kartu 69
Pertanyaan
What is the relative major of D♯ minor?
Jawaban
F♯ major. Both keys have six sharps.
Kartu 70
Pertanyaan
What is the relative major of C♯ minor?
Jawaban
E major. Both keys have four sharps.
Kartu 71
Pertanyaan
Move one step counterclockwise from F♯ major. Which major key is next?
Jawaban
B major. The move goes down a perfect fifth and reduces six sharps to five.
Kartu 72
Pertanyaan
How do C♯ major and D♭ major differ at the enharmonic bottom of the circle?
Jawaban
C♯ major has seven sharps; D♭ major has five flats. Their tonics are enharmonic in equal temperament, but their relative minors are spelled A♯ minor and B♭ minor.
Kartu 73
Pertanyaan
Move one step clockwise from C major. Which major key is next?
Jawaban
G major. The move goes up a perfect fifth and changes no accidentals to one sharp.
Kartu 74
Pertanyaan
Move one step clockwise from D major. Which major key is next?
Jawaban
A major. The move goes up a perfect fifth and increases two sharps to three.
Kartu 75
Pertanyaan
Move one step counterclockwise from G♭ major. Which major key is next?
Jawaban
C♭ major. The move goes down a perfect fifth and increases six flats to seven.
Kartu 76
Pertanyaan
Move one step clockwise from E major. Which major key is next?
Jawaban
B major. The move goes up a perfect fifth and increases four sharps to five.
Kartu 77
Pertanyaan
Move one step counterclockwise from A♭ major. Which major key is next?
Jawaban
D♭ major. The move goes down a perfect fifth and increases four flats to five.
Kartu 78
Pertanyaan
Move one step counterclockwise from D major. Which major key is next?
Jawaban
G major. The move goes down a perfect fifth and reduces two sharps to one.
Kartu 79
Pertanyaan
How do F♯ major and G♭ major differ at the enharmonic bottom of the circle?
Jawaban
F♯ major has six sharps; G♭ major has six flats. Their tonics are enharmonic in equal temperament, but their relative minors are spelled D♯ minor and E♭ minor.
Kartu 80
Pertanyaan
Move one step clockwise from B♭ major. Which major key is next?
Jawaban
F major. The move goes up a perfect fifth and reduces two flats to one.
Kartu 81
Pertanyaan
Move one step counterclockwise from E major. Which major key is next?
Jawaban
A major. The move goes down a perfect fifth and reduces four sharps to three.
Kartu 82
Pertanyaan
Move one step clockwise from A♭ major. Which major key is next?
Jawaban
E♭ major. The move goes up a perfect fifth and reduces four flats to three.
Kartu 83
Pertanyaan
Move one step clockwise from G♭ major. Which major key is next?
Jawaban
D♭ major. The move goes up a perfect fifth and reduces six flats to five.
Kartu 84
Pertanyaan
How do B major and C♭ major differ at the enharmonic bottom of the circle?
Jawaban
B major has five sharps; C♭ major has seven flats. Their tonics are enharmonic in equal temperament, but their relative minors are spelled G♯ minor and A♭ minor.
Kartu 85
Pertanyaan
Move one step counterclockwise from C major. Which major key is next?
Jawaban
F major. The move goes down a perfect fifth and changes no accidentals to one flat.
Kartu 86
Pertanyaan
Move one step counterclockwise from B♭ major. Which major key is next?
Jawaban
E♭ major. The move goes down a perfect fifth and increases two flats to three.
Kartu 87
Pertanyaan
Move one step clockwise from F♯ major. Which major key is next?
Jawaban
C♯ major. The move goes up a perfect fifth and increases six sharps to seven.
87 kartu
Circle of Fifths Flashcards: Keys, Signatures & Relative Minors
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