Circle of Fifths Flashcards: Keys, Signatures & Relative Minors
Practice major and minor keys, spelled key signatures, relative-key pairs, accidental order, and neighboring circle positions.
Informazioni su questo mazzo
Reading a finished circle is easy; recalling one relationship without the wheel is the useful part. These 87 text-only cards make you rebuild the circle of fifths from small, practical mappings.
What the cards practice
- Circle rule → musical change: recall what clockwise and counterclockwise moves do to the tonic and key signature, plus how relative keys and accidental order work.
- Major key → spelled signature: name every accidental for all 15 conventional spellings from C♭ major through C♯ major.
- Written accidental set → major and relative minor: reverse each of those 15 signatures without relying on a staff image.
- Major key ↔ relative minor: practice all 15 pairs in both directions, keeping spellings such as D♯ minor and E♭ minor distinct.
- Local circle move → neighboring major key: move clockwise or counterclockwise across every conventional adjacent pair, including the separate sharp-side and flat-side routes at the bottom.
- Enharmonic pair → spelling distinction: compare B/C♭, F♯/G♭, and C♯/D♭ by signature and relative minor.
The deck leaves out ear training, staff-image identification, chord progressions, and exhaustive scale spelling. Staff recognition is already covered by the Major & Minor Key Signatures deck; this deck focuses on recalling the relationships behind the diagram.
The order starts with interleaved reconstruction rules, introduces signatures from zero accidentals outward, and then separates reverse and relative-key prompts with deterministic strides. The final block interleaves neighbor moves and enharmonic comparisons after their spellings are familiar. The review scheduler handles longer-term spacing after installation.
Facts were independently checked against Open Music Theory, musictheory.net, and Berklee Online. The questions, answers, selection, sequence, metadata, and generated cover are shared under CC0 1.0 to the extent those original elements can be dedicated. Musical facts remain common knowledge. No third-party media or protected deck text was used.
Carte in questo mazzo
Carta 1
Domanda
In what order are sharps added to key signatures?
Risposta
F♯, C♯, G♯, D♯, A♯, E♯, B♯.
Carta 2
Domanda
What changes when you move one step clockwise on the circle of fifths?
Risposta
The tonic moves up a perfect fifth. The signature shifts one step toward sharps: add one sharp or remove one flat.
Carta 3
Domanda
What makes a major key and a minor key relative?
Risposta
They share the same key signature. Their tonics and modes are different.
Carta 4
Domanda
How can you find a major key's relative minor tonic?
Risposta
Go down a minor third from the major tonic. It is also scale degree 6 of the major scale.
Carta 5
Domanda
In what order are flats added to key signatures?
Risposta
B♭, E♭, A♭, D♭, G♭, C♭, F♭.
Carta 6
Domanda
What changes when you move one step counterclockwise on the circle of fifths?
Risposta
The tonic moves down a perfect fifth. The signature shifts one step toward flats: add one flat or remove one sharp.
Carta 7
Domanda
Why do 15 conventional major key signatures fit into 12 pitch-class positions?
Risposta
Three positions have two enharmonic spellings. B/C♭, F♯/G♭, and C♯/D♭ sound alike in equal temperament but use different written signatures.
Carta 8
Domanda
How can you find a minor key's relative major tonic?
Risposta
Go up a minor third from the minor tonic. It is also scale degree 3 of the natural minor scale.
Carta 9
Domanda
How are the conventional sharp and flat orders related?
Risposta
They are exact reverses. F–C–G–D–A–E–B for sharps becomes B–E–A–D–G–C–F for flats.
Carta 10
Domanda
What is normally true of neighboring major keys on the circle?
Risposta
Their key signatures differ by one accidental. Keep the sharp-side or flat-side spelling consistent at the enharmonic bottom.
Carta 11
Domanda
What is the key signature of C major?
Risposta
No sharps or flats.
Carta 12
Domanda
What is the key signature of G major?
Risposta
1 sharp: F♯.
Carta 13
Domanda
What is the key signature of F major?
Risposta
1 flat: B♭.
Carta 14
Domanda
What is the key signature of D major?
Risposta
2 sharps: F♯, C♯.
Carta 15
Domanda
What is the key signature of B♭ major?
Risposta
2 flats: B♭, E♭.
Carta 16
Domanda
What is the key signature of A major?
Risposta
3 sharps: F♯, C♯, G♯.
Carta 17
Domanda
What is the key signature of E♭ major?
Risposta
3 flats: B♭, E♭, A♭.
Carta 18
Domanda
What is the key signature of E major?
Risposta
4 sharps: F♯, C♯, G♯, D♯.
Carta 19
Domanda
What is the key signature of A♭ major?
Risposta
4 flats: B♭, E♭, A♭, D♭.
Carta 20
Domanda
What is the key signature of B major?
Risposta
5 sharps: F♯, C♯, G♯, D♯, A♯.
Carta 21
Domanda
What is the key signature of D♭ major?
Risposta
5 flats: B♭, E♭, A♭, D♭, G♭.
Carta 22
Domanda
What is the key signature of F♯ major?
Risposta
6 sharps: F♯, C♯, G♯, D♯, A♯, E♯.
Carta 23
Domanda
What is the key signature of G♭ major?
Risposta
6 flats: B♭, E♭, A♭, D♭, G♭, C♭.
Carta 24
Domanda
What is the key signature of C♯ major?
Risposta
7 sharps: F♯, C♯, G♯, D♯, A♯, E♯, B♯.
Carta 25
Domanda
What is the key signature of C♭ major?
Risposta
7 flats: B♭, E♭, A♭, D♭, G♭, C♭, F♭.
Carta 26
Domanda
No sharps or flats — name the conventional major key and its relative minor.
Risposta
C major and A minor.
Carta 27
Domanda
2 flats (B♭, E♭) — name the conventional major key and its relative minor.
Risposta
B♭ major and G minor.
Carta 28
Domanda
4 flats (B♭, E♭, A♭, D♭) — name the conventional major key and its relative minor.
Risposta
A♭ major and F minor.
Carta 29
Domanda
6 flats (B♭, E♭, A♭, D♭, G♭, C♭) — name the conventional major key and its relative minor.
Risposta
G♭ major and E♭ minor.
Carta 30
Domanda
1 sharp (F♯) — name the conventional major key and its relative minor.
Risposta
G major and E minor.
Carta 31
Domanda
3 sharps (F♯, C♯, G♯) — name the conventional major key and its relative minor.
Risposta
A major and F♯ minor.
Carta 32
Domanda
5 sharps (F♯, C♯, G♯, D♯, A♯) — name the conventional major key and its relative minor.
Risposta
B major and G♯ minor.
Carta 33
Domanda
7 sharps (F♯, C♯, G♯, D♯, A♯, E♯, B♯) — name the conventional major key and its relative minor.
Risposta
C♯ major and A♯ minor.
Carta 34
Domanda
1 flat (B♭) — name the conventional major key and its relative minor.
Risposta
F major and D minor.
Carta 35
Domanda
3 flats (B♭, E♭, A♭) — name the conventional major key and its relative minor.
Risposta
E♭ major and C minor.
Carta 36
Domanda
5 flats (B♭, E♭, A♭, D♭, G♭) — name the conventional major key and its relative minor.
Risposta
D♭ major and B♭ minor.
Carta 37
Domanda
7 flats (B♭, E♭, A♭, D♭, G♭, C♭, F♭) — name the conventional major key and its relative minor.
Risposta
C♭ major and A♭ minor.
Carta 38
Domanda
2 sharps (F♯, C♯) — name the conventional major key and its relative minor.
Risposta
D major and B minor.
Carta 39
Domanda
4 sharps (F♯, C♯, G♯, D♯) — name the conventional major key and its relative minor.
Risposta
E major and C♯ minor.
Carta 40
Domanda
6 sharps (F♯, C♯, G♯, D♯, A♯, E♯) — name the conventional major key and its relative minor.
Risposta
F♯ major and D♯ minor.
Carta 41
Domanda
What is the relative minor of C major?
Risposta
A minor. Both keys have no sharps or flats.
Carta 42
Domanda
What is the relative minor of E major?
Risposta
C♯ minor. Both keys have four sharps.
Carta 43
Domanda
What is the relative minor of C♭ major?
Risposta
A♭ minor. Both keys have seven flats.
Carta 44
Domanda
What is the relative minor of E♭ major?
Risposta
C minor. Both keys have three flats.
Carta 45
Domanda
What is the relative minor of C♯ major?
Risposta
A♯ minor. Both keys have seven sharps.
Carta 46
Domanda
What is the relative minor of A major?
Risposta
F♯ minor. Both keys have three sharps.
Carta 47
Domanda
What is the relative minor of G♭ major?
Risposta
E♭ minor. Both keys have six flats.
Carta 48
Domanda
What is the relative minor of B♭ major?
Risposta
G minor. Both keys have two flats.
Carta 49
Domanda
What is the relative minor of F♯ major?
Risposta
D♯ minor. Both keys have six sharps.
Carta 50
Domanda
What is the relative minor of D major?
Risposta
B minor. Both keys have two sharps.
Carta 51
Domanda
What is the relative minor of D♭ major?
Risposta
B♭ minor. Both keys have five flats.
Carta 52
Domanda
What is the relative minor of F major?
Risposta
D minor. Both keys have one flat.
Carta 53
Domanda
What is the relative minor of B major?
Risposta
G♯ minor. Both keys have five sharps.
Carta 54
Domanda
What is the relative minor of G major?
Risposta
E minor. Both keys have one sharp.
Carta 55
Domanda
What is the relative minor of A♭ major?
Risposta
F minor. Both keys have four flats.
Carta 56
Domanda
What is the relative major of B minor?
Risposta
D major. Both keys have two sharps.
Carta 57
Domanda
What is the relative major of A♭ minor?
Risposta
C♭ major. Both keys have seven flats.
Carta 58
Domanda
What is the relative major of B♭ minor?
Risposta
D♭ major. Both keys have five flats.
Carta 59
Domanda
What is the relative major of C minor?
Risposta
E♭ major. Both keys have three flats.
Carta 60
Domanda
What is the relative major of D minor?
Risposta
F major. Both keys have one flat.
Carta 61
Domanda
What is the relative major of A♯ minor?
Risposta
C♯ major. Both keys have seven sharps.
Carta 62
Domanda
What is the relative major of G♯ minor?
Risposta
B major. Both keys have five sharps.
Carta 63
Domanda
What is the relative major of F♯ minor?
Risposta
A major. Both keys have three sharps.
Carta 64
Domanda
What is the relative major of E minor?
Risposta
G major. Both keys have one sharp.
Carta 65
Domanda
What is the relative major of E♭ minor?
Risposta
G♭ major. Both keys have six flats.
Carta 66
Domanda
What is the relative major of F minor?
Risposta
A♭ major. Both keys have four flats.
Carta 67
Domanda
What is the relative major of G minor?
Risposta
B♭ major. Both keys have two flats.
Carta 68
Domanda
What is the relative major of A minor?
Risposta
C major. Both keys have no sharps or flats.
Carta 69
Domanda
What is the relative major of D♯ minor?
Risposta
F♯ major. Both keys have six sharps.
Carta 70
Domanda
What is the relative major of C♯ minor?
Risposta
E major. Both keys have four sharps.
Carta 71
Domanda
Move one step counterclockwise from F♯ major. Which major key is next?
Risposta
B major. The move goes down a perfect fifth and reduces six sharps to five.
Carta 72
Domanda
How do C♯ major and D♭ major differ at the enharmonic bottom of the circle?
Risposta
C♯ major has seven sharps; D♭ major has five flats. Their tonics are enharmonic in equal temperament, but their relative minors are spelled A♯ minor and B♭ minor.
Carta 73
Domanda
Move one step clockwise from C major. Which major key is next?
Risposta
G major. The move goes up a perfect fifth and changes no accidentals to one sharp.
Carta 74
Domanda
Move one step clockwise from D major. Which major key is next?
Risposta
A major. The move goes up a perfect fifth and increases two sharps to three.
Carta 75
Domanda
Move one step counterclockwise from G♭ major. Which major key is next?
Risposta
C♭ major. The move goes down a perfect fifth and increases six flats to seven.
Carta 76
Domanda
Move one step clockwise from E major. Which major key is next?
Risposta
B major. The move goes up a perfect fifth and increases four sharps to five.
Carta 77
Domanda
Move one step counterclockwise from A♭ major. Which major key is next?
Risposta
D♭ major. The move goes down a perfect fifth and increases four flats to five.
Carta 78
Domanda
Move one step counterclockwise from D major. Which major key is next?
Risposta
G major. The move goes down a perfect fifth and reduces two sharps to one.
Carta 79
Domanda
How do F♯ major and G♭ major differ at the enharmonic bottom of the circle?
Risposta
F♯ major has six sharps; G♭ major has six flats. Their tonics are enharmonic in equal temperament, but their relative minors are spelled D♯ minor and E♭ minor.
Carta 80
Domanda
Move one step clockwise from B♭ major. Which major key is next?
Risposta
F major. The move goes up a perfect fifth and reduces two flats to one.
Carta 81
Domanda
Move one step counterclockwise from E major. Which major key is next?
Risposta
A major. The move goes down a perfect fifth and reduces four sharps to three.
Carta 82
Domanda
Move one step clockwise from A♭ major. Which major key is next?
Risposta
E♭ major. The move goes up a perfect fifth and reduces four flats to three.
Carta 83
Domanda
Move one step clockwise from G♭ major. Which major key is next?
Risposta
D♭ major. The move goes up a perfect fifth and reduces six flats to five.
Carta 84
Domanda
How do B major and C♭ major differ at the enharmonic bottom of the circle?
Risposta
B major has five sharps; C♭ major has seven flats. Their tonics are enharmonic in equal temperament, but their relative minors are spelled G♯ minor and A♭ minor.
Carta 85
Domanda
Move one step counterclockwise from C major. Which major key is next?
Risposta
F major. The move goes down a perfect fifth and changes no accidentals to one flat.
Carta 86
Domanda
Move one step counterclockwise from B♭ major. Which major key is next?
Risposta
E♭ major. The move goes down a perfect fifth and increases two flats to three.
Carta 87
Domanda
Move one step clockwise from F♯ major. Which major key is next?
Risposta
C♯ major. The move goes up a perfect fifth and increases six sharps to seven.
87 carte
Circle of Fifths Flashcards: Keys, Signatures & Relative Minors
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