Circle of Fifths Flashcards: Keys, Signatures & Relative Minors

Practice major and minor keys, spelled key signatures, relative-key pairs, accidental order, and neighboring circle positions.

Informazioni su questo mazzo

Reading a finished circle is easy; recalling one relationship without the wheel is the useful part. These 87 text-only cards make you rebuild the circle of fifths from small, practical mappings.

What the cards practice

  • Circle rule → musical change: recall what clockwise and counterclockwise moves do to the tonic and key signature, plus how relative keys and accidental order work.
  • Major key → spelled signature: name every accidental for all 15 conventional spellings from C♭ major through C♯ major.
  • Written accidental set → major and relative minor: reverse each of those 15 signatures without relying on a staff image.
  • Major key ↔ relative minor: practice all 15 pairs in both directions, keeping spellings such as D♯ minor and E♭ minor distinct.
  • Local circle move → neighboring major key: move clockwise or counterclockwise across every conventional adjacent pair, including the separate sharp-side and flat-side routes at the bottom.
  • Enharmonic pair → spelling distinction: compare B/C♭, F♯/G♭, and C♯/D♭ by signature and relative minor.

The deck leaves out ear training, staff-image identification, chord progressions, and exhaustive scale spelling. Staff recognition is already covered by the Major & Minor Key Signatures deck; this deck focuses on recalling the relationships behind the diagram.

The order starts with interleaved reconstruction rules, introduces signatures from zero accidentals outward, and then separates reverse and relative-key prompts with deterministic strides. The final block interleaves neighbor moves and enharmonic comparisons after their spellings are familiar. The review scheduler handles longer-term spacing after installation.

Facts were independently checked against Open Music Theory, musictheory.net, and Berklee Online. The questions, answers, selection, sequence, metadata, and generated cover are shared under CC0 1.0 to the extent those original elements can be dedicated. Musical facts remain common knowledge. No third-party media or protected deck text was used.

Carte in questo mazzo

  1. Carta 1

    Domanda

    In what order are sharps added to key signatures?

    Risposta

    F♯, C♯, G♯, D♯, A♯, E♯, B♯.

  2. Carta 2

    Domanda

    What changes when you move one step clockwise on the circle of fifths?

    Risposta

    The tonic moves up a perfect fifth. The signature shifts one step toward sharps: add one sharp or remove one flat.

  3. Carta 3

    Domanda

    What makes a major key and a minor key relative?

    Risposta

    They share the same key signature. Their tonics and modes are different.

  4. Carta 4

    Domanda

    How can you find a major key's relative minor tonic?

    Risposta

    Go down a minor third from the major tonic. It is also scale degree 6 of the major scale.

  5. Carta 5

    Domanda

    In what order are flats added to key signatures?

    Risposta

    B♭, E♭, A♭, D♭, G♭, C♭, F♭.

  6. Carta 6

    Domanda

    What changes when you move one step counterclockwise on the circle of fifths?

    Risposta

    The tonic moves down a perfect fifth. The signature shifts one step toward flats: add one flat or remove one sharp.

  7. Carta 7

    Domanda

    Why do 15 conventional major key signatures fit into 12 pitch-class positions?

    Risposta

    Three positions have two enharmonic spellings. B/C♭, F♯/G♭, and C♯/D♭ sound alike in equal temperament but use different written signatures.

  8. Carta 8

    Domanda

    How can you find a minor key's relative major tonic?

    Risposta

    Go up a minor third from the minor tonic. It is also scale degree 3 of the natural minor scale.

  9. Carta 9

    Domanda

    How are the conventional sharp and flat orders related?

    Risposta

    They are exact reverses. F–C–G–D–A–E–B for sharps becomes B–E–A–D–G–C–F for flats.

  10. Carta 10

    Domanda

    What is normally true of neighboring major keys on the circle?

    Risposta

    Their key signatures differ by one accidental. Keep the sharp-side or flat-side spelling consistent at the enharmonic bottom.

  11. Carta 11

    Domanda

    What is the key signature of C major?

    Risposta

    No sharps or flats.

  12. Carta 12

    Domanda

    What is the key signature of G major?

    Risposta

    1 sharp: F♯.

  13. Carta 13

    Domanda

    What is the key signature of F major?

    Risposta

    1 flat: B♭.

  14. Carta 14

    Domanda

    What is the key signature of D major?

    Risposta

    2 sharps: F♯, C♯.

  15. Carta 15

    Domanda

    What is the key signature of B♭ major?

    Risposta

    2 flats: B♭, E♭.

  16. Carta 16

    Domanda

    What is the key signature of A major?

    Risposta

    3 sharps: F♯, C♯, G♯.

  17. Carta 17

    Domanda

    What is the key signature of E♭ major?

    Risposta

    3 flats: B♭, E♭, A♭.

  18. Carta 18

    Domanda

    What is the key signature of E major?

    Risposta

    4 sharps: F♯, C♯, G♯, D♯.

  19. Carta 19

    Domanda

    What is the key signature of A♭ major?

    Risposta

    4 flats: B♭, E♭, A♭, D♭.

  20. Carta 20

    Domanda

    What is the key signature of B major?

    Risposta

    5 sharps: F♯, C♯, G♯, D♯, A♯.

  21. Carta 21

    Domanda

    What is the key signature of D♭ major?

    Risposta

    5 flats: B♭, E♭, A♭, D♭, G♭.

  22. Carta 22

    Domanda

    What is the key signature of F♯ major?

    Risposta

    6 sharps: F♯, C♯, G♯, D♯, A♯, E♯.

  23. Carta 23

    Domanda

    What is the key signature of G♭ major?

    Risposta

    6 flats: B♭, E♭, A♭, D♭, G♭, C♭.

  24. Carta 24

    Domanda

    What is the key signature of C♯ major?

    Risposta

    7 sharps: F♯, C♯, G♯, D♯, A♯, E♯, B♯.

  25. Carta 25

    Domanda

    What is the key signature of C♭ major?

    Risposta

    7 flats: B♭, E♭, A♭, D♭, G♭, C♭, F♭.

  26. Carta 26

    Domanda

    No sharps or flats — name the conventional major key and its relative minor.

    Risposta

    C major and A minor.

  27. Carta 27

    Domanda

    2 flats (B♭, E♭) — name the conventional major key and its relative minor.

    Risposta

    B♭ major and G minor.

  28. Carta 28

    Domanda

    4 flats (B♭, E♭, A♭, D♭) — name the conventional major key and its relative minor.

    Risposta

    A♭ major and F minor.

  29. Carta 29

    Domanda

    6 flats (B♭, E♭, A♭, D♭, G♭, C♭) — name the conventional major key and its relative minor.

    Risposta

    G♭ major and E♭ minor.

  30. Carta 30

    Domanda

    1 sharp (F♯) — name the conventional major key and its relative minor.

    Risposta

    G major and E minor.

  31. Carta 31

    Domanda

    3 sharps (F♯, C♯, G♯) — name the conventional major key and its relative minor.

    Risposta

    A major and F♯ minor.

  32. Carta 32

    Domanda

    5 sharps (F♯, C♯, G♯, D♯, A♯) — name the conventional major key and its relative minor.

    Risposta

    B major and G♯ minor.

  33. Carta 33

    Domanda

    7 sharps (F♯, C♯, G♯, D♯, A♯, E♯, B♯) — name the conventional major key and its relative minor.

    Risposta

    C♯ major and A♯ minor.

  34. Carta 34

    Domanda

    1 flat (B♭) — name the conventional major key and its relative minor.

    Risposta

    F major and D minor.

  35. Carta 35

    Domanda

    3 flats (B♭, E♭, A♭) — name the conventional major key and its relative minor.

    Risposta

    E♭ major and C minor.

  36. Carta 36

    Domanda

    5 flats (B♭, E♭, A♭, D♭, G♭) — name the conventional major key and its relative minor.

    Risposta

    D♭ major and B♭ minor.

  37. Carta 37

    Domanda

    7 flats (B♭, E♭, A♭, D♭, G♭, C♭, F♭) — name the conventional major key and its relative minor.

    Risposta

    C♭ major and A♭ minor.

  38. Carta 38

    Domanda

    2 sharps (F♯, C♯) — name the conventional major key and its relative minor.

    Risposta

    D major and B minor.

  39. Carta 39

    Domanda

    4 sharps (F♯, C♯, G♯, D♯) — name the conventional major key and its relative minor.

    Risposta

    E major and C♯ minor.

  40. Carta 40

    Domanda

    6 sharps (F♯, C♯, G♯, D♯, A♯, E♯) — name the conventional major key and its relative minor.

    Risposta

    F♯ major and D♯ minor.

  41. Carta 41

    Domanda

    What is the relative minor of C major?

    Risposta

    A minor. Both keys have no sharps or flats.

  42. Carta 42

    Domanda

    What is the relative minor of E major?

    Risposta

    C♯ minor. Both keys have four sharps.

  43. Carta 43

    Domanda

    What is the relative minor of C♭ major?

    Risposta

    A♭ minor. Both keys have seven flats.

  44. Carta 44

    Domanda

    What is the relative minor of E♭ major?

    Risposta

    C minor. Both keys have three flats.

  45. Carta 45

    Domanda

    What is the relative minor of C♯ major?

    Risposta

    A♯ minor. Both keys have seven sharps.

  46. Carta 46

    Domanda

    What is the relative minor of A major?

    Risposta

    F♯ minor. Both keys have three sharps.

  47. Carta 47

    Domanda

    What is the relative minor of G♭ major?

    Risposta

    E♭ minor. Both keys have six flats.

  48. Carta 48

    Domanda

    What is the relative minor of B♭ major?

    Risposta

    G minor. Both keys have two flats.

  49. Carta 49

    Domanda

    What is the relative minor of F♯ major?

    Risposta

    D♯ minor. Both keys have six sharps.

  50. Carta 50

    Domanda

    What is the relative minor of D major?

    Risposta

    B minor. Both keys have two sharps.

  51. Carta 51

    Domanda

    What is the relative minor of D♭ major?

    Risposta

    B♭ minor. Both keys have five flats.

  52. Carta 52

    Domanda

    What is the relative minor of F major?

    Risposta

    D minor. Both keys have one flat.

  53. Carta 53

    Domanda

    What is the relative minor of B major?

    Risposta

    G♯ minor. Both keys have five sharps.

  54. Carta 54

    Domanda

    What is the relative minor of G major?

    Risposta

    E minor. Both keys have one sharp.

  55. Carta 55

    Domanda

    What is the relative minor of A♭ major?

    Risposta

    F minor. Both keys have four flats.

  56. Carta 56

    Domanda

    What is the relative major of B minor?

    Risposta

    D major. Both keys have two sharps.

  57. Carta 57

    Domanda

    What is the relative major of A♭ minor?

    Risposta

    C♭ major. Both keys have seven flats.

  58. Carta 58

    Domanda

    What is the relative major of B♭ minor?

    Risposta

    D♭ major. Both keys have five flats.

  59. Carta 59

    Domanda

    What is the relative major of C minor?

    Risposta

    E♭ major. Both keys have three flats.

  60. Carta 60

    Domanda

    What is the relative major of D minor?

    Risposta

    F major. Both keys have one flat.

  61. Carta 61

    Domanda

    What is the relative major of A♯ minor?

    Risposta

    C♯ major. Both keys have seven sharps.

  62. Carta 62

    Domanda

    What is the relative major of G♯ minor?

    Risposta

    B major. Both keys have five sharps.

  63. Carta 63

    Domanda

    What is the relative major of F♯ minor?

    Risposta

    A major. Both keys have three sharps.

  64. Carta 64

    Domanda

    What is the relative major of E minor?

    Risposta

    G major. Both keys have one sharp.

  65. Carta 65

    Domanda

    What is the relative major of E♭ minor?

    Risposta

    G♭ major. Both keys have six flats.

  66. Carta 66

    Domanda

    What is the relative major of F minor?

    Risposta

    A♭ major. Both keys have four flats.

  67. Carta 67

    Domanda

    What is the relative major of G minor?

    Risposta

    B♭ major. Both keys have two flats.

  68. Carta 68

    Domanda

    What is the relative major of A minor?

    Risposta

    C major. Both keys have no sharps or flats.

  69. Carta 69

    Domanda

    What is the relative major of D♯ minor?

    Risposta

    F♯ major. Both keys have six sharps.

  70. Carta 70

    Domanda

    What is the relative major of C♯ minor?

    Risposta

    E major. Both keys have four sharps.

  71. Carta 71

    Domanda

    Move one step counterclockwise from F♯ major. Which major key is next?

    Risposta

    B major. The move goes down a perfect fifth and reduces six sharps to five.

  72. Carta 72

    Domanda

    How do C♯ major and D♭ major differ at the enharmonic bottom of the circle?

    Risposta

    C♯ major has seven sharps; D♭ major has five flats. Their tonics are enharmonic in equal temperament, but their relative minors are spelled A♯ minor and B♭ minor.

  73. Carta 73

    Domanda

    Move one step clockwise from C major. Which major key is next?

    Risposta

    G major. The move goes up a perfect fifth and changes no accidentals to one sharp.

  74. Carta 74

    Domanda

    Move one step clockwise from D major. Which major key is next?

    Risposta

    A major. The move goes up a perfect fifth and increases two sharps to three.

  75. Carta 75

    Domanda

    Move one step counterclockwise from G♭ major. Which major key is next?

    Risposta

    C♭ major. The move goes down a perfect fifth and increases six flats to seven.

  76. Carta 76

    Domanda

    Move one step clockwise from E major. Which major key is next?

    Risposta

    B major. The move goes up a perfect fifth and increases four sharps to five.

  77. Carta 77

    Domanda

    Move one step counterclockwise from A♭ major. Which major key is next?

    Risposta

    D♭ major. The move goes down a perfect fifth and increases four flats to five.

  78. Carta 78

    Domanda

    Move one step counterclockwise from D major. Which major key is next?

    Risposta

    G major. The move goes down a perfect fifth and reduces two sharps to one.

  79. Carta 79

    Domanda

    How do F♯ major and G♭ major differ at the enharmonic bottom of the circle?

    Risposta

    F♯ major has six sharps; G♭ major has six flats. Their tonics are enharmonic in equal temperament, but their relative minors are spelled D♯ minor and E♭ minor.

  80. Carta 80

    Domanda

    Move one step clockwise from B♭ major. Which major key is next?

    Risposta

    F major. The move goes up a perfect fifth and reduces two flats to one.

  81. Carta 81

    Domanda

    Move one step counterclockwise from E major. Which major key is next?

    Risposta

    A major. The move goes down a perfect fifth and reduces four sharps to three.

  82. Carta 82

    Domanda

    Move one step clockwise from A♭ major. Which major key is next?

    Risposta

    E♭ major. The move goes up a perfect fifth and reduces four flats to three.

  83. Carta 83

    Domanda

    Move one step clockwise from G♭ major. Which major key is next?

    Risposta

    D♭ major. The move goes up a perfect fifth and reduces six flats to five.

  84. Carta 84

    Domanda

    How do B major and C♭ major differ at the enharmonic bottom of the circle?

    Risposta

    B major has five sharps; C♭ major has seven flats. Their tonics are enharmonic in equal temperament, but their relative minors are spelled G♯ minor and A♭ minor.

  85. Carta 85

    Domanda

    Move one step counterclockwise from C major. Which major key is next?

    Risposta

    F major. The move goes down a perfect fifth and changes no accidentals to one flat.

  86. Carta 86

    Domanda

    Move one step counterclockwise from B♭ major. Which major key is next?

    Risposta

    E♭ major. The move goes down a perfect fifth and increases two flats to three.

  87. Carta 87

    Domanda

    Move one step clockwise from F♯ major. Which major key is next?

    Risposta

    C♯ major. The move goes up a perfect fifth and increases six sharps to seven.

A midnight-blue illustration of twelve colored nodes joined in a luminous circle, with small musical notes around it.

87 carte

Circle of Fifths Flashcards: Keys, Signatures & Relative Minors

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