Circle of Fifths Flashcards: Keys, Signatures & Relative Minors
Practice major and minor keys, spelled key signatures, relative-key pairs, accidental order, and neighboring circle positions.
Bu deste hakkında
Reading a finished circle is easy; recalling one relationship without the wheel is the useful part. These 87 text-only cards make you rebuild the circle of fifths from small, practical mappings.
What the cards practice
- Circle rule → musical change: recall what clockwise and counterclockwise moves do to the tonic and key signature, plus how relative keys and accidental order work.
- Major key → spelled signature: name every accidental for all 15 conventional spellings from C♭ major through C♯ major.
- Written accidental set → major and relative minor: reverse each of those 15 signatures without relying on a staff image.
- Major key ↔ relative minor: practice all 15 pairs in both directions, keeping spellings such as D♯ minor and E♭ minor distinct.
- Local circle move → neighboring major key: move clockwise or counterclockwise across every conventional adjacent pair, including the separate sharp-side and flat-side routes at the bottom.
- Enharmonic pair → spelling distinction: compare B/C♭, F♯/G♭, and C♯/D♭ by signature and relative minor.
The deck leaves out ear training, staff-image identification, chord progressions, and exhaustive scale spelling. Staff recognition is already covered by the Major & Minor Key Signatures deck; this deck focuses on recalling the relationships behind the diagram.
The order starts with interleaved reconstruction rules, introduces signatures from zero accidentals outward, and then separates reverse and relative-key prompts with deterministic strides. The final block interleaves neighbor moves and enharmonic comparisons after their spellings are familiar. The review scheduler handles longer-term spacing after installation.
Facts were independently checked against Open Music Theory, musictheory.net, and Berklee Online. The questions, answers, selection, sequence, metadata, and generated cover are shared under CC0 1.0 to the extent those original elements can be dedicated. Musical facts remain common knowledge. No third-party media or protected deck text was used.
Bu destedeki kartlar
Kart 1
Soru
In what order are sharps added to key signatures?
Cevap
F♯, C♯, G♯, D♯, A♯, E♯, B♯.
Kart 2
Soru
What changes when you move one step clockwise on the circle of fifths?
Cevap
The tonic moves up a perfect fifth. The signature shifts one step toward sharps: add one sharp or remove one flat.
Kart 3
Soru
What makes a major key and a minor key relative?
Cevap
They share the same key signature. Their tonics and modes are different.
Kart 4
Soru
How can you find a major key's relative minor tonic?
Cevap
Go down a minor third from the major tonic. It is also scale degree 6 of the major scale.
Kart 5
Soru
In what order are flats added to key signatures?
Cevap
B♭, E♭, A♭, D♭, G♭, C♭, F♭.
Kart 6
Soru
What changes when you move one step counterclockwise on the circle of fifths?
Cevap
The tonic moves down a perfect fifth. The signature shifts one step toward flats: add one flat or remove one sharp.
Kart 7
Soru
Why do 15 conventional major key signatures fit into 12 pitch-class positions?
Cevap
Three positions have two enharmonic spellings. B/C♭, F♯/G♭, and C♯/D♭ sound alike in equal temperament but use different written signatures.
Kart 8
Soru
How can you find a minor key's relative major tonic?
Cevap
Go up a minor third from the minor tonic. It is also scale degree 3 of the natural minor scale.
Kart 9
Soru
How are the conventional sharp and flat orders related?
Cevap
They are exact reverses. F–C–G–D–A–E–B for sharps becomes B–E–A–D–G–C–F for flats.
Kart 10
Soru
What is normally true of neighboring major keys on the circle?
Cevap
Their key signatures differ by one accidental. Keep the sharp-side or flat-side spelling consistent at the enharmonic bottom.
Kart 11
Soru
What is the key signature of C major?
Cevap
No sharps or flats.
Kart 12
Soru
What is the key signature of G major?
Cevap
1 sharp: F♯.
Kart 13
Soru
What is the key signature of F major?
Cevap
1 flat: B♭.
Kart 14
Soru
What is the key signature of D major?
Cevap
2 sharps: F♯, C♯.
Kart 15
Soru
What is the key signature of B♭ major?
Cevap
2 flats: B♭, E♭.
Kart 16
Soru
What is the key signature of A major?
Cevap
3 sharps: F♯, C♯, G♯.
Kart 17
Soru
What is the key signature of E♭ major?
Cevap
3 flats: B♭, E♭, A♭.
Kart 18
Soru
What is the key signature of E major?
Cevap
4 sharps: F♯, C♯, G♯, D♯.
Kart 19
Soru
What is the key signature of A♭ major?
Cevap
4 flats: B♭, E♭, A♭, D♭.
Kart 20
Soru
What is the key signature of B major?
Cevap
5 sharps: F♯, C♯, G♯, D♯, A♯.
Kart 21
Soru
What is the key signature of D♭ major?
Cevap
5 flats: B♭, E♭, A♭, D♭, G♭.
Kart 22
Soru
What is the key signature of F♯ major?
Cevap
6 sharps: F♯, C♯, G♯, D♯, A♯, E♯.
Kart 23
Soru
What is the key signature of G♭ major?
Cevap
6 flats: B♭, E♭, A♭, D♭, G♭, C♭.
Kart 24
Soru
What is the key signature of C♯ major?
Cevap
7 sharps: F♯, C♯, G♯, D♯, A♯, E♯, B♯.
Kart 25
Soru
What is the key signature of C♭ major?
Cevap
7 flats: B♭, E♭, A♭, D♭, G♭, C♭, F♭.
Kart 26
Soru
No sharps or flats — name the conventional major key and its relative minor.
Cevap
C major and A minor.
Kart 27
Soru
2 flats (B♭, E♭) — name the conventional major key and its relative minor.
Cevap
B♭ major and G minor.
Kart 28
Soru
4 flats (B♭, E♭, A♭, D♭) — name the conventional major key and its relative minor.
Cevap
A♭ major and F minor.
Kart 29
Soru
6 flats (B♭, E♭, A♭, D♭, G♭, C♭) — name the conventional major key and its relative minor.
Cevap
G♭ major and E♭ minor.
Kart 30
Soru
1 sharp (F♯) — name the conventional major key and its relative minor.
Cevap
G major and E minor.
Kart 31
Soru
3 sharps (F♯, C♯, G♯) — name the conventional major key and its relative minor.
Cevap
A major and F♯ minor.
Kart 32
Soru
5 sharps (F♯, C♯, G♯, D♯, A♯) — name the conventional major key and its relative minor.
Cevap
B major and G♯ minor.
Kart 33
Soru
7 sharps (F♯, C♯, G♯, D♯, A♯, E♯, B♯) — name the conventional major key and its relative minor.
Cevap
C♯ major and A♯ minor.
Kart 34
Soru
1 flat (B♭) — name the conventional major key and its relative minor.
Cevap
F major and D minor.
Kart 35
Soru
3 flats (B♭, E♭, A♭) — name the conventional major key and its relative minor.
Cevap
E♭ major and C minor.
Kart 36
Soru
5 flats (B♭, E♭, A♭, D♭, G♭) — name the conventional major key and its relative minor.
Cevap
D♭ major and B♭ minor.
Kart 37
Soru
7 flats (B♭, E♭, A♭, D♭, G♭, C♭, F♭) — name the conventional major key and its relative minor.
Cevap
C♭ major and A♭ minor.
Kart 38
Soru
2 sharps (F♯, C♯) — name the conventional major key and its relative minor.
Cevap
D major and B minor.
Kart 39
Soru
4 sharps (F♯, C♯, G♯, D♯) — name the conventional major key and its relative minor.
Cevap
E major and C♯ minor.
Kart 40
Soru
6 sharps (F♯, C♯, G♯, D♯, A♯, E♯) — name the conventional major key and its relative minor.
Cevap
F♯ major and D♯ minor.
Kart 41
Soru
What is the relative minor of C major?
Cevap
A minor. Both keys have no sharps or flats.
Kart 42
Soru
What is the relative minor of E major?
Cevap
C♯ minor. Both keys have four sharps.
Kart 43
Soru
What is the relative minor of C♭ major?
Cevap
A♭ minor. Both keys have seven flats.
Kart 44
Soru
What is the relative minor of E♭ major?
Cevap
C minor. Both keys have three flats.
Kart 45
Soru
What is the relative minor of C♯ major?
Cevap
A♯ minor. Both keys have seven sharps.
Kart 46
Soru
What is the relative minor of A major?
Cevap
F♯ minor. Both keys have three sharps.
Kart 47
Soru
What is the relative minor of G♭ major?
Cevap
E♭ minor. Both keys have six flats.
Kart 48
Soru
What is the relative minor of B♭ major?
Cevap
G minor. Both keys have two flats.
Kart 49
Soru
What is the relative minor of F♯ major?
Cevap
D♯ minor. Both keys have six sharps.
Kart 50
Soru
What is the relative minor of D major?
Cevap
B minor. Both keys have two sharps.
Kart 51
Soru
What is the relative minor of D♭ major?
Cevap
B♭ minor. Both keys have five flats.
Kart 52
Soru
What is the relative minor of F major?
Cevap
D minor. Both keys have one flat.
Kart 53
Soru
What is the relative minor of B major?
Cevap
G♯ minor. Both keys have five sharps.
Kart 54
Soru
What is the relative minor of G major?
Cevap
E minor. Both keys have one sharp.
Kart 55
Soru
What is the relative minor of A♭ major?
Cevap
F minor. Both keys have four flats.
Kart 56
Soru
What is the relative major of B minor?
Cevap
D major. Both keys have two sharps.
Kart 57
Soru
What is the relative major of A♭ minor?
Cevap
C♭ major. Both keys have seven flats.
Kart 58
Soru
What is the relative major of B♭ minor?
Cevap
D♭ major. Both keys have five flats.
Kart 59
Soru
What is the relative major of C minor?
Cevap
E♭ major. Both keys have three flats.
Kart 60
Soru
What is the relative major of D minor?
Cevap
F major. Both keys have one flat.
Kart 61
Soru
What is the relative major of A♯ minor?
Cevap
C♯ major. Both keys have seven sharps.
Kart 62
Soru
What is the relative major of G♯ minor?
Cevap
B major. Both keys have five sharps.
Kart 63
Soru
What is the relative major of F♯ minor?
Cevap
A major. Both keys have three sharps.
Kart 64
Soru
What is the relative major of E minor?
Cevap
G major. Both keys have one sharp.
Kart 65
Soru
What is the relative major of E♭ minor?
Cevap
G♭ major. Both keys have six flats.
Kart 66
Soru
What is the relative major of F minor?
Cevap
A♭ major. Both keys have four flats.
Kart 67
Soru
What is the relative major of G minor?
Cevap
B♭ major. Both keys have two flats.
Kart 68
Soru
What is the relative major of A minor?
Cevap
C major. Both keys have no sharps or flats.
Kart 69
Soru
What is the relative major of D♯ minor?
Cevap
F♯ major. Both keys have six sharps.
Kart 70
Soru
What is the relative major of C♯ minor?
Cevap
E major. Both keys have four sharps.
Kart 71
Soru
Move one step counterclockwise from F♯ major. Which major key is next?
Cevap
B major. The move goes down a perfect fifth and reduces six sharps to five.
Kart 72
Soru
How do C♯ major and D♭ major differ at the enharmonic bottom of the circle?
Cevap
C♯ major has seven sharps; D♭ major has five flats. Their tonics are enharmonic in equal temperament, but their relative minors are spelled A♯ minor and B♭ minor.
Kart 73
Soru
Move one step clockwise from C major. Which major key is next?
Cevap
G major. The move goes up a perfect fifth and changes no accidentals to one sharp.
Kart 74
Soru
Move one step clockwise from D major. Which major key is next?
Cevap
A major. The move goes up a perfect fifth and increases two sharps to three.
Kart 75
Soru
Move one step counterclockwise from G♭ major. Which major key is next?
Cevap
C♭ major. The move goes down a perfect fifth and increases six flats to seven.
Kart 76
Soru
Move one step clockwise from E major. Which major key is next?
Cevap
B major. The move goes up a perfect fifth and increases four sharps to five.
Kart 77
Soru
Move one step counterclockwise from A♭ major. Which major key is next?
Cevap
D♭ major. The move goes down a perfect fifth and increases four flats to five.
Kart 78
Soru
Move one step counterclockwise from D major. Which major key is next?
Cevap
G major. The move goes down a perfect fifth and reduces two sharps to one.
Kart 79
Soru
How do F♯ major and G♭ major differ at the enharmonic bottom of the circle?
Cevap
F♯ major has six sharps; G♭ major has six flats. Their tonics are enharmonic in equal temperament, but their relative minors are spelled D♯ minor and E♭ minor.
Kart 80
Soru
Move one step clockwise from B♭ major. Which major key is next?
Cevap
F major. The move goes up a perfect fifth and reduces two flats to one.
Kart 81
Soru
Move one step counterclockwise from E major. Which major key is next?
Cevap
A major. The move goes down a perfect fifth and reduces four sharps to three.
Kart 82
Soru
Move one step clockwise from A♭ major. Which major key is next?
Cevap
E♭ major. The move goes up a perfect fifth and reduces four flats to three.
Kart 83
Soru
Move one step clockwise from G♭ major. Which major key is next?
Cevap
D♭ major. The move goes up a perfect fifth and reduces six flats to five.
Kart 84
Soru
How do B major and C♭ major differ at the enharmonic bottom of the circle?
Cevap
B major has five sharps; C♭ major has seven flats. Their tonics are enharmonic in equal temperament, but their relative minors are spelled G♯ minor and A♭ minor.
Kart 85
Soru
Move one step counterclockwise from C major. Which major key is next?
Cevap
F major. The move goes down a perfect fifth and changes no accidentals to one flat.
Kart 86
Soru
Move one step counterclockwise from B♭ major. Which major key is next?
Cevap
E♭ major. The move goes down a perfect fifth and increases two flats to three.
Kart 87
Soru
Move one step clockwise from F♯ major. Which major key is next?
Cevap
C♯ major. The move goes up a perfect fifth and increases six sharps to seven.
87 kart
Circle of Fifths Flashcards: Keys, Signatures & Relative Minors
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