Circle of Fifths Flashcards: Keys, Signatures & Relative Minors
Practice major and minor keys, spelled key signatures, relative-key pairs, accidental order, and neighboring circle positions.
Sobre aquesta baralla
Reading a finished circle is easy; recalling one relationship without the wheel is the useful part. These 87 text-only cards make you rebuild the circle of fifths from small, practical mappings.
What the cards practice
- Circle rule → musical change: recall what clockwise and counterclockwise moves do to the tonic and key signature, plus how relative keys and accidental order work.
- Major key → spelled signature: name every accidental for all 15 conventional spellings from C♭ major through C♯ major.
- Written accidental set → major and relative minor: reverse each of those 15 signatures without relying on a staff image.
- Major key ↔ relative minor: practice all 15 pairs in both directions, keeping spellings such as D♯ minor and E♭ minor distinct.
- Local circle move → neighboring major key: move clockwise or counterclockwise across every conventional adjacent pair, including the separate sharp-side and flat-side routes at the bottom.
- Enharmonic pair → spelling distinction: compare B/C♭, F♯/G♭, and C♯/D♭ by signature and relative minor.
The deck leaves out ear training, staff-image identification, chord progressions, and exhaustive scale spelling. Staff recognition is already covered by the Major & Minor Key Signatures deck; this deck focuses on recalling the relationships behind the diagram.
The order starts with interleaved reconstruction rules, introduces signatures from zero accidentals outward, and then separates reverse and relative-key prompts with deterministic strides. The final block interleaves neighbor moves and enharmonic comparisons after their spellings are familiar. The review scheduler handles longer-term spacing after installation.
Facts were independently checked against Open Music Theory, musictheory.net, and Berklee Online. The questions, answers, selection, sequence, metadata, and generated cover are shared under CC0 1.0 to the extent those original elements can be dedicated. Musical facts remain common knowledge. No third-party media or protected deck text was used.
Targetes d'aquesta baralla
Targeta 1
Pregunta
In what order are sharps added to key signatures?
Resposta
F♯, C♯, G♯, D♯, A♯, E♯, B♯.
Targeta 2
Pregunta
What changes when you move one step clockwise on the circle of fifths?
Resposta
The tonic moves up a perfect fifth. The signature shifts one step toward sharps: add one sharp or remove one flat.
Targeta 3
Pregunta
What makes a major key and a minor key relative?
Resposta
They share the same key signature. Their tonics and modes are different.
Targeta 4
Pregunta
How can you find a major key's relative minor tonic?
Resposta
Go down a minor third from the major tonic. It is also scale degree 6 of the major scale.
Targeta 5
Pregunta
In what order are flats added to key signatures?
Resposta
B♭, E♭, A♭, D♭, G♭, C♭, F♭.
Targeta 6
Pregunta
What changes when you move one step counterclockwise on the circle of fifths?
Resposta
The tonic moves down a perfect fifth. The signature shifts one step toward flats: add one flat or remove one sharp.
Targeta 7
Pregunta
Why do 15 conventional major key signatures fit into 12 pitch-class positions?
Resposta
Three positions have two enharmonic spellings. B/C♭, F♯/G♭, and C♯/D♭ sound alike in equal temperament but use different written signatures.
Targeta 8
Pregunta
How can you find a minor key's relative major tonic?
Resposta
Go up a minor third from the minor tonic. It is also scale degree 3 of the natural minor scale.
Targeta 9
Pregunta
How are the conventional sharp and flat orders related?
Resposta
They are exact reverses. F–C–G–D–A–E–B for sharps becomes B–E–A–D–G–C–F for flats.
Targeta 10
Pregunta
What is normally true of neighboring major keys on the circle?
Resposta
Their key signatures differ by one accidental. Keep the sharp-side or flat-side spelling consistent at the enharmonic bottom.
Targeta 11
Pregunta
What is the key signature of C major?
Resposta
No sharps or flats.
Targeta 12
Pregunta
What is the key signature of G major?
Resposta
1 sharp: F♯.
Targeta 13
Pregunta
What is the key signature of F major?
Resposta
1 flat: B♭.
Targeta 14
Pregunta
What is the key signature of D major?
Resposta
2 sharps: F♯, C♯.
Targeta 15
Pregunta
What is the key signature of B♭ major?
Resposta
2 flats: B♭, E♭.
Targeta 16
Pregunta
What is the key signature of A major?
Resposta
3 sharps: F♯, C♯, G♯.
Targeta 17
Pregunta
What is the key signature of E♭ major?
Resposta
3 flats: B♭, E♭, A♭.
Targeta 18
Pregunta
What is the key signature of E major?
Resposta
4 sharps: F♯, C♯, G♯, D♯.
Targeta 19
Pregunta
What is the key signature of A♭ major?
Resposta
4 flats: B♭, E♭, A♭, D♭.
Targeta 20
Pregunta
What is the key signature of B major?
Resposta
5 sharps: F♯, C♯, G♯, D♯, A♯.
Targeta 21
Pregunta
What is the key signature of D♭ major?
Resposta
5 flats: B♭, E♭, A♭, D♭, G♭.
Targeta 22
Pregunta
What is the key signature of F♯ major?
Resposta
6 sharps: F♯, C♯, G♯, D♯, A♯, E♯.
Targeta 23
Pregunta
What is the key signature of G♭ major?
Resposta
6 flats: B♭, E♭, A♭, D♭, G♭, C♭.
Targeta 24
Pregunta
What is the key signature of C♯ major?
Resposta
7 sharps: F♯, C♯, G♯, D♯, A♯, E♯, B♯.
Targeta 25
Pregunta
What is the key signature of C♭ major?
Resposta
7 flats: B♭, E♭, A♭, D♭, G♭, C♭, F♭.
Targeta 26
Pregunta
No sharps or flats — name the conventional major key and its relative minor.
Resposta
C major and A minor.
Targeta 27
Pregunta
2 flats (B♭, E♭) — name the conventional major key and its relative minor.
Resposta
B♭ major and G minor.
Targeta 28
Pregunta
4 flats (B♭, E♭, A♭, D♭) — name the conventional major key and its relative minor.
Resposta
A♭ major and F minor.
Targeta 29
Pregunta
6 flats (B♭, E♭, A♭, D♭, G♭, C♭) — name the conventional major key and its relative minor.
Resposta
G♭ major and E♭ minor.
Targeta 30
Pregunta
1 sharp (F♯) — name the conventional major key and its relative minor.
Resposta
G major and E minor.
Targeta 31
Pregunta
3 sharps (F♯, C♯, G♯) — name the conventional major key and its relative minor.
Resposta
A major and F♯ minor.
Targeta 32
Pregunta
5 sharps (F♯, C♯, G♯, D♯, A♯) — name the conventional major key and its relative minor.
Resposta
B major and G♯ minor.
Targeta 33
Pregunta
7 sharps (F♯, C♯, G♯, D♯, A♯, E♯, B♯) — name the conventional major key and its relative minor.
Resposta
C♯ major and A♯ minor.
Targeta 34
Pregunta
1 flat (B♭) — name the conventional major key and its relative minor.
Resposta
F major and D minor.
Targeta 35
Pregunta
3 flats (B♭, E♭, A♭) — name the conventional major key and its relative minor.
Resposta
E♭ major and C minor.
Targeta 36
Pregunta
5 flats (B♭, E♭, A♭, D♭, G♭) — name the conventional major key and its relative minor.
Resposta
D♭ major and B♭ minor.
Targeta 37
Pregunta
7 flats (B♭, E♭, A♭, D♭, G♭, C♭, F♭) — name the conventional major key and its relative minor.
Resposta
C♭ major and A♭ minor.
Targeta 38
Pregunta
2 sharps (F♯, C♯) — name the conventional major key and its relative minor.
Resposta
D major and B minor.
Targeta 39
Pregunta
4 sharps (F♯, C♯, G♯, D♯) — name the conventional major key and its relative minor.
Resposta
E major and C♯ minor.
Targeta 40
Pregunta
6 sharps (F♯, C♯, G♯, D♯, A♯, E♯) — name the conventional major key and its relative minor.
Resposta
F♯ major and D♯ minor.
Targeta 41
Pregunta
What is the relative minor of C major?
Resposta
A minor. Both keys have no sharps or flats.
Targeta 42
Pregunta
What is the relative minor of E major?
Resposta
C♯ minor. Both keys have four sharps.
Targeta 43
Pregunta
What is the relative minor of C♭ major?
Resposta
A♭ minor. Both keys have seven flats.
Targeta 44
Pregunta
What is the relative minor of E♭ major?
Resposta
C minor. Both keys have three flats.
Targeta 45
Pregunta
What is the relative minor of C♯ major?
Resposta
A♯ minor. Both keys have seven sharps.
Targeta 46
Pregunta
What is the relative minor of A major?
Resposta
F♯ minor. Both keys have three sharps.
Targeta 47
Pregunta
What is the relative minor of G♭ major?
Resposta
E♭ minor. Both keys have six flats.
Targeta 48
Pregunta
What is the relative minor of B♭ major?
Resposta
G minor. Both keys have two flats.
Targeta 49
Pregunta
What is the relative minor of F♯ major?
Resposta
D♯ minor. Both keys have six sharps.
Targeta 50
Pregunta
What is the relative minor of D major?
Resposta
B minor. Both keys have two sharps.
Targeta 51
Pregunta
What is the relative minor of D♭ major?
Resposta
B♭ minor. Both keys have five flats.
Targeta 52
Pregunta
What is the relative minor of F major?
Resposta
D minor. Both keys have one flat.
Targeta 53
Pregunta
What is the relative minor of B major?
Resposta
G♯ minor. Both keys have five sharps.
Targeta 54
Pregunta
What is the relative minor of G major?
Resposta
E minor. Both keys have one sharp.
Targeta 55
Pregunta
What is the relative minor of A♭ major?
Resposta
F minor. Both keys have four flats.
Targeta 56
Pregunta
What is the relative major of B minor?
Resposta
D major. Both keys have two sharps.
Targeta 57
Pregunta
What is the relative major of A♭ minor?
Resposta
C♭ major. Both keys have seven flats.
Targeta 58
Pregunta
What is the relative major of B♭ minor?
Resposta
D♭ major. Both keys have five flats.
Targeta 59
Pregunta
What is the relative major of C minor?
Resposta
E♭ major. Both keys have three flats.
Targeta 60
Pregunta
What is the relative major of D minor?
Resposta
F major. Both keys have one flat.
Targeta 61
Pregunta
What is the relative major of A♯ minor?
Resposta
C♯ major. Both keys have seven sharps.
Targeta 62
Pregunta
What is the relative major of G♯ minor?
Resposta
B major. Both keys have five sharps.
Targeta 63
Pregunta
What is the relative major of F♯ minor?
Resposta
A major. Both keys have three sharps.
Targeta 64
Pregunta
What is the relative major of E minor?
Resposta
G major. Both keys have one sharp.
Targeta 65
Pregunta
What is the relative major of E♭ minor?
Resposta
G♭ major. Both keys have six flats.
Targeta 66
Pregunta
What is the relative major of F minor?
Resposta
A♭ major. Both keys have four flats.
Targeta 67
Pregunta
What is the relative major of G minor?
Resposta
B♭ major. Both keys have two flats.
Targeta 68
Pregunta
What is the relative major of A minor?
Resposta
C major. Both keys have no sharps or flats.
Targeta 69
Pregunta
What is the relative major of D♯ minor?
Resposta
F♯ major. Both keys have six sharps.
Targeta 70
Pregunta
What is the relative major of C♯ minor?
Resposta
E major. Both keys have four sharps.
Targeta 71
Pregunta
Move one step counterclockwise from F♯ major. Which major key is next?
Resposta
B major. The move goes down a perfect fifth and reduces six sharps to five.
Targeta 72
Pregunta
How do C♯ major and D♭ major differ at the enharmonic bottom of the circle?
Resposta
C♯ major has seven sharps; D♭ major has five flats. Their tonics are enharmonic in equal temperament, but their relative minors are spelled A♯ minor and B♭ minor.
Targeta 73
Pregunta
Move one step clockwise from C major. Which major key is next?
Resposta
G major. The move goes up a perfect fifth and changes no accidentals to one sharp.
Targeta 74
Pregunta
Move one step clockwise from D major. Which major key is next?
Resposta
A major. The move goes up a perfect fifth and increases two sharps to three.
Targeta 75
Pregunta
Move one step counterclockwise from G♭ major. Which major key is next?
Resposta
C♭ major. The move goes down a perfect fifth and increases six flats to seven.
Targeta 76
Pregunta
Move one step clockwise from E major. Which major key is next?
Resposta
B major. The move goes up a perfect fifth and increases four sharps to five.
Targeta 77
Pregunta
Move one step counterclockwise from A♭ major. Which major key is next?
Resposta
D♭ major. The move goes down a perfect fifth and increases four flats to five.
Targeta 78
Pregunta
Move one step counterclockwise from D major. Which major key is next?
Resposta
G major. The move goes down a perfect fifth and reduces two sharps to one.
Targeta 79
Pregunta
How do F♯ major and G♭ major differ at the enharmonic bottom of the circle?
Resposta
F♯ major has six sharps; G♭ major has six flats. Their tonics are enharmonic in equal temperament, but their relative minors are spelled D♯ minor and E♭ minor.
Targeta 80
Pregunta
Move one step clockwise from B♭ major. Which major key is next?
Resposta
F major. The move goes up a perfect fifth and reduces two flats to one.
Targeta 81
Pregunta
Move one step counterclockwise from E major. Which major key is next?
Resposta
A major. The move goes down a perfect fifth and reduces four sharps to three.
Targeta 82
Pregunta
Move one step clockwise from A♭ major. Which major key is next?
Resposta
E♭ major. The move goes up a perfect fifth and reduces four flats to three.
Targeta 83
Pregunta
Move one step clockwise from G♭ major. Which major key is next?
Resposta
D♭ major. The move goes up a perfect fifth and reduces six flats to five.
Targeta 84
Pregunta
How do B major and C♭ major differ at the enharmonic bottom of the circle?
Resposta
B major has five sharps; C♭ major has seven flats. Their tonics are enharmonic in equal temperament, but their relative minors are spelled G♯ minor and A♭ minor.
Targeta 85
Pregunta
Move one step counterclockwise from C major. Which major key is next?
Resposta
F major. The move goes down a perfect fifth and changes no accidentals to one flat.
Targeta 86
Pregunta
Move one step counterclockwise from B♭ major. Which major key is next?
Resposta
E♭ major. The move goes down a perfect fifth and increases two flats to three.
Targeta 87
Pregunta
Move one step clockwise from F♯ major. Which major key is next?
Resposta
C♯ major. The move goes up a perfect fifth and increases six sharps to seven.
87 targetes
Circle of Fifths Flashcards: Keys, Signatures & Relative Minors
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