Circle of Fifths Flashcards: Keys, Signatures & Relative Minors
Practice major and minor keys, spelled key signatures, relative-key pairs, accidental order, and neighboring circle positions.
Om denne kortstokken
Reading a finished circle is easy; recalling one relationship without the wheel is the useful part. These 87 text-only cards make you rebuild the circle of fifths from small, practical mappings.
What the cards practice
- Circle rule → musical change: recall what clockwise and counterclockwise moves do to the tonic and key signature, plus how relative keys and accidental order work.
- Major key → spelled signature: name every accidental for all 15 conventional spellings from C♭ major through C♯ major.
- Written accidental set → major and relative minor: reverse each of those 15 signatures without relying on a staff image.
- Major key ↔ relative minor: practice all 15 pairs in both directions, keeping spellings such as D♯ minor and E♭ minor distinct.
- Local circle move → neighboring major key: move clockwise or counterclockwise across every conventional adjacent pair, including the separate sharp-side and flat-side routes at the bottom.
- Enharmonic pair → spelling distinction: compare B/C♭, F♯/G♭, and C♯/D♭ by signature and relative minor.
The deck leaves out ear training, staff-image identification, chord progressions, and exhaustive scale spelling. Staff recognition is already covered by the Major & Minor Key Signatures deck; this deck focuses on recalling the relationships behind the diagram.
The order starts with interleaved reconstruction rules, introduces signatures from zero accidentals outward, and then separates reverse and relative-key prompts with deterministic strides. The final block interleaves neighbor moves and enharmonic comparisons after their spellings are familiar. The review scheduler handles longer-term spacing after installation.
Facts were independently checked against Open Music Theory, musictheory.net, and Berklee Online. The questions, answers, selection, sequence, metadata, and generated cover are shared under CC0 1.0 to the extent those original elements can be dedicated. Musical facts remain common knowledge. No third-party media or protected deck text was used.
Kort i denne kortstokken
Kort 1
Spørsmål
In what order are sharps added to key signatures?
Svar
F♯, C♯, G♯, D♯, A♯, E♯, B♯.
Kort 2
Spørsmål
What changes when you move one step clockwise on the circle of fifths?
Svar
The tonic moves up a perfect fifth. The signature shifts one step toward sharps: add one sharp or remove one flat.
Kort 3
Spørsmål
What makes a major key and a minor key relative?
Svar
They share the same key signature. Their tonics and modes are different.
Kort 4
Spørsmål
How can you find a major key's relative minor tonic?
Svar
Go down a minor third from the major tonic. It is also scale degree 6 of the major scale.
Kort 5
Spørsmål
In what order are flats added to key signatures?
Svar
B♭, E♭, A♭, D♭, G♭, C♭, F♭.
Kort 6
Spørsmål
What changes when you move one step counterclockwise on the circle of fifths?
Svar
The tonic moves down a perfect fifth. The signature shifts one step toward flats: add one flat or remove one sharp.
Kort 7
Spørsmål
Why do 15 conventional major key signatures fit into 12 pitch-class positions?
Svar
Three positions have two enharmonic spellings. B/C♭, F♯/G♭, and C♯/D♭ sound alike in equal temperament but use different written signatures.
Kort 8
Spørsmål
How can you find a minor key's relative major tonic?
Svar
Go up a minor third from the minor tonic. It is also scale degree 3 of the natural minor scale.
Kort 9
Spørsmål
How are the conventional sharp and flat orders related?
Svar
They are exact reverses. F–C–G–D–A–E–B for sharps becomes B–E–A–D–G–C–F for flats.
Kort 10
Spørsmål
What is normally true of neighboring major keys on the circle?
Svar
Their key signatures differ by one accidental. Keep the sharp-side or flat-side spelling consistent at the enharmonic bottom.
Kort 11
Spørsmål
What is the key signature of C major?
Svar
No sharps or flats.
Kort 12
Spørsmål
What is the key signature of G major?
Svar
1 sharp: F♯.
Kort 13
Spørsmål
What is the key signature of F major?
Svar
1 flat: B♭.
Kort 14
Spørsmål
What is the key signature of D major?
Svar
2 sharps: F♯, C♯.
Kort 15
Spørsmål
What is the key signature of B♭ major?
Svar
2 flats: B♭, E♭.
Kort 16
Spørsmål
What is the key signature of A major?
Svar
3 sharps: F♯, C♯, G♯.
Kort 17
Spørsmål
What is the key signature of E♭ major?
Svar
3 flats: B♭, E♭, A♭.
Kort 18
Spørsmål
What is the key signature of E major?
Svar
4 sharps: F♯, C♯, G♯, D♯.
Kort 19
Spørsmål
What is the key signature of A♭ major?
Svar
4 flats: B♭, E♭, A♭, D♭.
Kort 20
Spørsmål
What is the key signature of B major?
Svar
5 sharps: F♯, C♯, G♯, D♯, A♯.
Kort 21
Spørsmål
What is the key signature of D♭ major?
Svar
5 flats: B♭, E♭, A♭, D♭, G♭.
Kort 22
Spørsmål
What is the key signature of F♯ major?
Svar
6 sharps: F♯, C♯, G♯, D♯, A♯, E♯.
Kort 23
Spørsmål
What is the key signature of G♭ major?
Svar
6 flats: B♭, E♭, A♭, D♭, G♭, C♭.
Kort 24
Spørsmål
What is the key signature of C♯ major?
Svar
7 sharps: F♯, C♯, G♯, D♯, A♯, E♯, B♯.
Kort 25
Spørsmål
What is the key signature of C♭ major?
Svar
7 flats: B♭, E♭, A♭, D♭, G♭, C♭, F♭.
Kort 26
Spørsmål
No sharps or flats — name the conventional major key and its relative minor.
Svar
C major and A minor.
Kort 27
Spørsmål
2 flats (B♭, E♭) — name the conventional major key and its relative minor.
Svar
B♭ major and G minor.
Kort 28
Spørsmål
4 flats (B♭, E♭, A♭, D♭) — name the conventional major key and its relative minor.
Svar
A♭ major and F minor.
Kort 29
Spørsmål
6 flats (B♭, E♭, A♭, D♭, G♭, C♭) — name the conventional major key and its relative minor.
Svar
G♭ major and E♭ minor.
Kort 30
Spørsmål
1 sharp (F♯) — name the conventional major key and its relative minor.
Svar
G major and E minor.
Kort 31
Spørsmål
3 sharps (F♯, C♯, G♯) — name the conventional major key and its relative minor.
Svar
A major and F♯ minor.
Kort 32
Spørsmål
5 sharps (F♯, C♯, G♯, D♯, A♯) — name the conventional major key and its relative minor.
Svar
B major and G♯ minor.
Kort 33
Spørsmål
7 sharps (F♯, C♯, G♯, D♯, A♯, E♯, B♯) — name the conventional major key and its relative minor.
Svar
C♯ major and A♯ minor.
Kort 34
Spørsmål
1 flat (B♭) — name the conventional major key and its relative minor.
Svar
F major and D minor.
Kort 35
Spørsmål
3 flats (B♭, E♭, A♭) — name the conventional major key and its relative minor.
Svar
E♭ major and C minor.
Kort 36
Spørsmål
5 flats (B♭, E♭, A♭, D♭, G♭) — name the conventional major key and its relative minor.
Svar
D♭ major and B♭ minor.
Kort 37
Spørsmål
7 flats (B♭, E♭, A♭, D♭, G♭, C♭, F♭) — name the conventional major key and its relative minor.
Svar
C♭ major and A♭ minor.
Kort 38
Spørsmål
2 sharps (F♯, C♯) — name the conventional major key and its relative minor.
Svar
D major and B minor.
Kort 39
Spørsmål
4 sharps (F♯, C♯, G♯, D♯) — name the conventional major key and its relative minor.
Svar
E major and C♯ minor.
Kort 40
Spørsmål
6 sharps (F♯, C♯, G♯, D♯, A♯, E♯) — name the conventional major key and its relative minor.
Svar
F♯ major and D♯ minor.
Kort 41
Spørsmål
What is the relative minor of C major?
Svar
A minor. Both keys have no sharps or flats.
Kort 42
Spørsmål
What is the relative minor of E major?
Svar
C♯ minor. Both keys have four sharps.
Kort 43
Spørsmål
What is the relative minor of C♭ major?
Svar
A♭ minor. Both keys have seven flats.
Kort 44
Spørsmål
What is the relative minor of E♭ major?
Svar
C minor. Both keys have three flats.
Kort 45
Spørsmål
What is the relative minor of C♯ major?
Svar
A♯ minor. Both keys have seven sharps.
Kort 46
Spørsmål
What is the relative minor of A major?
Svar
F♯ minor. Both keys have three sharps.
Kort 47
Spørsmål
What is the relative minor of G♭ major?
Svar
E♭ minor. Both keys have six flats.
Kort 48
Spørsmål
What is the relative minor of B♭ major?
Svar
G minor. Both keys have two flats.
Kort 49
Spørsmål
What is the relative minor of F♯ major?
Svar
D♯ minor. Both keys have six sharps.
Kort 50
Spørsmål
What is the relative minor of D major?
Svar
B minor. Both keys have two sharps.
Kort 51
Spørsmål
What is the relative minor of D♭ major?
Svar
B♭ minor. Both keys have five flats.
Kort 52
Spørsmål
What is the relative minor of F major?
Svar
D minor. Both keys have one flat.
Kort 53
Spørsmål
What is the relative minor of B major?
Svar
G♯ minor. Both keys have five sharps.
Kort 54
Spørsmål
What is the relative minor of G major?
Svar
E minor. Both keys have one sharp.
Kort 55
Spørsmål
What is the relative minor of A♭ major?
Svar
F minor. Both keys have four flats.
Kort 56
Spørsmål
What is the relative major of B minor?
Svar
D major. Both keys have two sharps.
Kort 57
Spørsmål
What is the relative major of A♭ minor?
Svar
C♭ major. Both keys have seven flats.
Kort 58
Spørsmål
What is the relative major of B♭ minor?
Svar
D♭ major. Both keys have five flats.
Kort 59
Spørsmål
What is the relative major of C minor?
Svar
E♭ major. Both keys have three flats.
Kort 60
Spørsmål
What is the relative major of D minor?
Svar
F major. Both keys have one flat.
Kort 61
Spørsmål
What is the relative major of A♯ minor?
Svar
C♯ major. Both keys have seven sharps.
Kort 62
Spørsmål
What is the relative major of G♯ minor?
Svar
B major. Both keys have five sharps.
Kort 63
Spørsmål
What is the relative major of F♯ minor?
Svar
A major. Both keys have three sharps.
Kort 64
Spørsmål
What is the relative major of E minor?
Svar
G major. Both keys have one sharp.
Kort 65
Spørsmål
What is the relative major of E♭ minor?
Svar
G♭ major. Both keys have six flats.
Kort 66
Spørsmål
What is the relative major of F minor?
Svar
A♭ major. Both keys have four flats.
Kort 67
Spørsmål
What is the relative major of G minor?
Svar
B♭ major. Both keys have two flats.
Kort 68
Spørsmål
What is the relative major of A minor?
Svar
C major. Both keys have no sharps or flats.
Kort 69
Spørsmål
What is the relative major of D♯ minor?
Svar
F♯ major. Both keys have six sharps.
Kort 70
Spørsmål
What is the relative major of C♯ minor?
Svar
E major. Both keys have four sharps.
Kort 71
Spørsmål
Move one step counterclockwise from F♯ major. Which major key is next?
Svar
B major. The move goes down a perfect fifth and reduces six sharps to five.
Kort 72
Spørsmål
How do C♯ major and D♭ major differ at the enharmonic bottom of the circle?
Svar
C♯ major has seven sharps; D♭ major has five flats. Their tonics are enharmonic in equal temperament, but their relative minors are spelled A♯ minor and B♭ minor.
Kort 73
Spørsmål
Move one step clockwise from C major. Which major key is next?
Svar
G major. The move goes up a perfect fifth and changes no accidentals to one sharp.
Kort 74
Spørsmål
Move one step clockwise from D major. Which major key is next?
Svar
A major. The move goes up a perfect fifth and increases two sharps to three.
Kort 75
Spørsmål
Move one step counterclockwise from G♭ major. Which major key is next?
Svar
C♭ major. The move goes down a perfect fifth and increases six flats to seven.
Kort 76
Spørsmål
Move one step clockwise from E major. Which major key is next?
Svar
B major. The move goes up a perfect fifth and increases four sharps to five.
Kort 77
Spørsmål
Move one step counterclockwise from A♭ major. Which major key is next?
Svar
D♭ major. The move goes down a perfect fifth and increases four flats to five.
Kort 78
Spørsmål
Move one step counterclockwise from D major. Which major key is next?
Svar
G major. The move goes down a perfect fifth and reduces two sharps to one.
Kort 79
Spørsmål
How do F♯ major and G♭ major differ at the enharmonic bottom of the circle?
Svar
F♯ major has six sharps; G♭ major has six flats. Their tonics are enharmonic in equal temperament, but their relative minors are spelled D♯ minor and E♭ minor.
Kort 80
Spørsmål
Move one step clockwise from B♭ major. Which major key is next?
Svar
F major. The move goes up a perfect fifth and reduces two flats to one.
Kort 81
Spørsmål
Move one step counterclockwise from E major. Which major key is next?
Svar
A major. The move goes down a perfect fifth and reduces four sharps to three.
Kort 82
Spørsmål
Move one step clockwise from A♭ major. Which major key is next?
Svar
E♭ major. The move goes up a perfect fifth and reduces four flats to three.
Kort 83
Spørsmål
Move one step clockwise from G♭ major. Which major key is next?
Svar
D♭ major. The move goes up a perfect fifth and reduces six flats to five.
Kort 84
Spørsmål
How do B major and C♭ major differ at the enharmonic bottom of the circle?
Svar
B major has five sharps; C♭ major has seven flats. Their tonics are enharmonic in equal temperament, but their relative minors are spelled G♯ minor and A♭ minor.
Kort 85
Spørsmål
Move one step counterclockwise from C major. Which major key is next?
Svar
F major. The move goes down a perfect fifth and changes no accidentals to one flat.
Kort 86
Spørsmål
Move one step counterclockwise from B♭ major. Which major key is next?
Svar
E♭ major. The move goes down a perfect fifth and increases two flats to three.
Kort 87
Spørsmål
Move one step clockwise from F♯ major. Which major key is next?
Svar
C♯ major. The move goes up a perfect fifth and increases six sharps to seven.
87 kort
Circle of Fifths Flashcards: Keys, Signatures & Relative Minors
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