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Circle of Fifths Flashcards: Keys, Signatures & Relative Minors

Practice major and minor keys, spelled key signatures, relative-key pairs, accidental order, and neighboring circle positions.

Par Open Study Contributor

À propos de ce paquet

Reading a finished circle is easy; recalling one relationship without the wheel is the useful part. These 87 text-only cards make you rebuild the circle of fifths from small, practical mappings.

What the cards practice

  • Circle rule → musical change: recall what clockwise and counterclockwise moves do to the tonic and key signature, plus how relative keys and accidental order work.
  • Major key → spelled signature: name every accidental for all 15 conventional spellings from C♭ major through C♯ major.
  • Written accidental set → major and relative minor: reverse each of those 15 signatures without relying on a staff image.
  • Major key ↔ relative minor: practice all 15 pairs in both directions, keeping spellings such as D♯ minor and E♭ minor distinct.
  • Local circle move → neighboring major key: move clockwise or counterclockwise across every conventional adjacent pair, including the separate sharp-side and flat-side routes at the bottom.
  • Enharmonic pair → spelling distinction: compare B/C♭, F♯/G♭, and C♯/D♭ by signature and relative minor.

The deck leaves out ear training, staff-image identification, chord progressions, and exhaustive scale spelling. Staff recognition is already covered by the Major & Minor Key Signatures deck; this deck focuses on recalling the relationships behind the diagram.

The order starts with interleaved reconstruction rules, introduces signatures from zero accidentals outward, and then separates reverse and relative-key prompts with deterministic strides. The final block interleaves neighbor moves and enharmonic comparisons after their spellings are familiar. The review scheduler handles longer-term spacing after installation.

Facts were independently checked against Open Music Theory, musictheory.net, and Berklee Online. The questions, answers, selection, sequence, metadata, and generated cover are shared under CC0 1.0 to the extent those original elements can be dedicated. Musical facts remain common knowledge. No third-party media or protected deck text was used.

Cartes de ce paquet

  1. Carte 1

    Question

    In what order are sharps added to key signatures?

    Réponse

    F♯, C♯, G♯, D♯, A♯, E♯, B♯.

  2. Carte 2

    Question

    What changes when you move one step clockwise on the circle of fifths?

    Réponse

    The tonic moves up a perfect fifth. The signature shifts one step toward sharps: add one sharp or remove one flat.

  3. Carte 3

    Question

    What makes a major key and a minor key relative?

    Réponse

    They share the same key signature. Their tonics and modes are different.

  4. Carte 4

    Question

    How can you find a major key's relative minor tonic?

    Réponse

    Go down a minor third from the major tonic. It is also scale degree 6 of the major scale.

  5. Carte 5

    Question

    In what order are flats added to key signatures?

    Réponse

    B♭, E♭, A♭, D♭, G♭, C♭, F♭.

  6. Carte 6

    Question

    What changes when you move one step counterclockwise on the circle of fifths?

    Réponse

    The tonic moves down a perfect fifth. The signature shifts one step toward flats: add one flat or remove one sharp.

  7. Carte 7

    Question

    Why do 15 conventional major key signatures fit into 12 pitch-class positions?

    Réponse

    Three positions have two enharmonic spellings. B/C♭, F♯/G♭, and C♯/D♭ sound alike in equal temperament but use different written signatures.

  8. Carte 8

    Question

    How can you find a minor key's relative major tonic?

    Réponse

    Go up a minor third from the minor tonic. It is also scale degree 3 of the natural minor scale.

  9. Carte 9

    Question

    How are the conventional sharp and flat orders related?

    Réponse

    They are exact reverses. F–C–G–D–A–E–B for sharps becomes B–E–A–D–G–C–F for flats.

  10. Carte 10

    Question

    What is normally true of neighboring major keys on the circle?

    Réponse

    Their key signatures differ by one accidental. Keep the sharp-side or flat-side spelling consistent at the enharmonic bottom.

  11. Carte 11

    Question

    What is the key signature of C major?

    Réponse

    No sharps or flats.

  12. Carte 12

    Question

    What is the key signature of G major?

    Réponse

    1 sharp: F♯.

  13. Carte 13

    Question

    What is the key signature of F major?

    Réponse

    1 flat: B♭.

  14. Carte 14

    Question

    What is the key signature of D major?

    Réponse

    2 sharps: F♯, C♯.

  15. Carte 15

    Question

    What is the key signature of B♭ major?

    Réponse

    2 flats: B♭, E♭.

  16. Carte 16

    Question

    What is the key signature of A major?

    Réponse

    3 sharps: F♯, C♯, G♯.

  17. Carte 17

    Question

    What is the key signature of E♭ major?

    Réponse

    3 flats: B♭, E♭, A♭.

  18. Carte 18

    Question

    What is the key signature of E major?

    Réponse

    4 sharps: F♯, C♯, G♯, D♯.

  19. Carte 19

    Question

    What is the key signature of A♭ major?

    Réponse

    4 flats: B♭, E♭, A♭, D♭.

  20. Carte 20

    Question

    What is the key signature of B major?

    Réponse

    5 sharps: F♯, C♯, G♯, D♯, A♯.

  21. Carte 21

    Question

    What is the key signature of D♭ major?

    Réponse

    5 flats: B♭, E♭, A♭, D♭, G♭.

  22. Carte 22

    Question

    What is the key signature of F♯ major?

    Réponse

    6 sharps: F♯, C♯, G♯, D♯, A♯, E♯.

  23. Carte 23

    Question

    What is the key signature of G♭ major?

    Réponse

    6 flats: B♭, E♭, A♭, D♭, G♭, C♭.

  24. Carte 24

    Question

    What is the key signature of C♯ major?

    Réponse

    7 sharps: F♯, C♯, G♯, D♯, A♯, E♯, B♯.

  25. Carte 25

    Question

    What is the key signature of C♭ major?

    Réponse

    7 flats: B♭, E♭, A♭, D♭, G♭, C♭, F♭.

  26. Carte 26

    Question

    No sharps or flats — name the conventional major key and its relative minor.

    Réponse

    C major and A minor.

  27. Carte 27

    Question

    2 flats (B♭, E♭) — name the conventional major key and its relative minor.

    Réponse

    B♭ major and G minor.

  28. Carte 28

    Question

    4 flats (B♭, E♭, A♭, D♭) — name the conventional major key and its relative minor.

    Réponse

    A♭ major and F minor.

  29. Carte 29

    Question

    6 flats (B♭, E♭, A♭, D♭, G♭, C♭) — name the conventional major key and its relative minor.

    Réponse

    G♭ major and E♭ minor.

  30. Carte 30

    Question

    1 sharp (F♯) — name the conventional major key and its relative minor.

    Réponse

    G major and E minor.

  31. Carte 31

    Question

    3 sharps (F♯, C♯, G♯) — name the conventional major key and its relative minor.

    Réponse

    A major and F♯ minor.

  32. Carte 32

    Question

    5 sharps (F♯, C♯, G♯, D♯, A♯) — name the conventional major key and its relative minor.

    Réponse

    B major and G♯ minor.

  33. Carte 33

    Question

    7 sharps (F♯, C♯, G♯, D♯, A♯, E♯, B♯) — name the conventional major key and its relative minor.

    Réponse

    C♯ major and A♯ minor.

  34. Carte 34

    Question

    1 flat (B♭) — name the conventional major key and its relative minor.

    Réponse

    F major and D minor.

  35. Carte 35

    Question

    3 flats (B♭, E♭, A♭) — name the conventional major key and its relative minor.

    Réponse

    E♭ major and C minor.

  36. Carte 36

    Question

    5 flats (B♭, E♭, A♭, D♭, G♭) — name the conventional major key and its relative minor.

    Réponse

    D♭ major and B♭ minor.

  37. Carte 37

    Question

    7 flats (B♭, E♭, A♭, D♭, G♭, C♭, F♭) — name the conventional major key and its relative minor.

    Réponse

    C♭ major and A♭ minor.

  38. Carte 38

    Question

    2 sharps (F♯, C♯) — name the conventional major key and its relative minor.

    Réponse

    D major and B minor.

  39. Carte 39

    Question

    4 sharps (F♯, C♯, G♯, D♯) — name the conventional major key and its relative minor.

    Réponse

    E major and C♯ minor.

  40. Carte 40

    Question

    6 sharps (F♯, C♯, G♯, D♯, A♯, E♯) — name the conventional major key and its relative minor.

    Réponse

    F♯ major and D♯ minor.

  41. Carte 41

    Question

    What is the relative minor of C major?

    Réponse

    A minor. Both keys have no sharps or flats.

  42. Carte 42

    Question

    What is the relative minor of E major?

    Réponse

    C♯ minor. Both keys have four sharps.

  43. Carte 43

    Question

    What is the relative minor of C♭ major?

    Réponse

    A♭ minor. Both keys have seven flats.

  44. Carte 44

    Question

    What is the relative minor of E♭ major?

    Réponse

    C minor. Both keys have three flats.

  45. Carte 45

    Question

    What is the relative minor of C♯ major?

    Réponse

    A♯ minor. Both keys have seven sharps.

  46. Carte 46

    Question

    What is the relative minor of A major?

    Réponse

    F♯ minor. Both keys have three sharps.

  47. Carte 47

    Question

    What is the relative minor of G♭ major?

    Réponse

    E♭ minor. Both keys have six flats.

  48. Carte 48

    Question

    What is the relative minor of B♭ major?

    Réponse

    G minor. Both keys have two flats.

  49. Carte 49

    Question

    What is the relative minor of F♯ major?

    Réponse

    D♯ minor. Both keys have six sharps.

  50. Carte 50

    Question

    What is the relative minor of D major?

    Réponse

    B minor. Both keys have two sharps.

  51. Carte 51

    Question

    What is the relative minor of D♭ major?

    Réponse

    B♭ minor. Both keys have five flats.

  52. Carte 52

    Question

    What is the relative minor of F major?

    Réponse

    D minor. Both keys have one flat.

  53. Carte 53

    Question

    What is the relative minor of B major?

    Réponse

    G♯ minor. Both keys have five sharps.

  54. Carte 54

    Question

    What is the relative minor of G major?

    Réponse

    E minor. Both keys have one sharp.

  55. Carte 55

    Question

    What is the relative minor of A♭ major?

    Réponse

    F minor. Both keys have four flats.

  56. Carte 56

    Question

    What is the relative major of B minor?

    Réponse

    D major. Both keys have two sharps.

  57. Carte 57

    Question

    What is the relative major of A♭ minor?

    Réponse

    C♭ major. Both keys have seven flats.

  58. Carte 58

    Question

    What is the relative major of B♭ minor?

    Réponse

    D♭ major. Both keys have five flats.

  59. Carte 59

    Question

    What is the relative major of C minor?

    Réponse

    E♭ major. Both keys have three flats.

  60. Carte 60

    Question

    What is the relative major of D minor?

    Réponse

    F major. Both keys have one flat.

  61. Carte 61

    Question

    What is the relative major of A♯ minor?

    Réponse

    C♯ major. Both keys have seven sharps.

  62. Carte 62

    Question

    What is the relative major of G♯ minor?

    Réponse

    B major. Both keys have five sharps.

  63. Carte 63

    Question

    What is the relative major of F♯ minor?

    Réponse

    A major. Both keys have three sharps.

  64. Carte 64

    Question

    What is the relative major of E minor?

    Réponse

    G major. Both keys have one sharp.

  65. Carte 65

    Question

    What is the relative major of E♭ minor?

    Réponse

    G♭ major. Both keys have six flats.

  66. Carte 66

    Question

    What is the relative major of F minor?

    Réponse

    A♭ major. Both keys have four flats.

  67. Carte 67

    Question

    What is the relative major of G minor?

    Réponse

    B♭ major. Both keys have two flats.

  68. Carte 68

    Question

    What is the relative major of A minor?

    Réponse

    C major. Both keys have no sharps or flats.

  69. Carte 69

    Question

    What is the relative major of D♯ minor?

    Réponse

    F♯ major. Both keys have six sharps.

  70. Carte 70

    Question

    What is the relative major of C♯ minor?

    Réponse

    E major. Both keys have four sharps.

  71. Carte 71

    Question

    Move one step counterclockwise from F♯ major. Which major key is next?

    Réponse

    B major. The move goes down a perfect fifth and reduces six sharps to five.

  72. Carte 72

    Question

    How do C♯ major and D♭ major differ at the enharmonic bottom of the circle?

    Réponse

    C♯ major has seven sharps; D♭ major has five flats. Their tonics are enharmonic in equal temperament, but their relative minors are spelled A♯ minor and B♭ minor.

  73. Carte 73

    Question

    Move one step clockwise from C major. Which major key is next?

    Réponse

    G major. The move goes up a perfect fifth and changes no accidentals to one sharp.

  74. Carte 74

    Question

    Move one step clockwise from D major. Which major key is next?

    Réponse

    A major. The move goes up a perfect fifth and increases two sharps to three.

  75. Carte 75

    Question

    Move one step counterclockwise from G♭ major. Which major key is next?

    Réponse

    C♭ major. The move goes down a perfect fifth and increases six flats to seven.

  76. Carte 76

    Question

    Move one step clockwise from E major. Which major key is next?

    Réponse

    B major. The move goes up a perfect fifth and increases four sharps to five.

  77. Carte 77

    Question

    Move one step counterclockwise from A♭ major. Which major key is next?

    Réponse

    D♭ major. The move goes down a perfect fifth and increases four flats to five.

  78. Carte 78

    Question

    Move one step counterclockwise from D major. Which major key is next?

    Réponse

    G major. The move goes down a perfect fifth and reduces two sharps to one.

  79. Carte 79

    Question

    How do F♯ major and G♭ major differ at the enharmonic bottom of the circle?

    Réponse

    F♯ major has six sharps; G♭ major has six flats. Their tonics are enharmonic in equal temperament, but their relative minors are spelled D♯ minor and E♭ minor.

  80. Carte 80

    Question

    Move one step clockwise from B♭ major. Which major key is next?

    Réponse

    F major. The move goes up a perfect fifth and reduces two flats to one.

  81. Carte 81

    Question

    Move one step counterclockwise from E major. Which major key is next?

    Réponse

    A major. The move goes down a perfect fifth and reduces four sharps to three.

  82. Carte 82

    Question

    Move one step clockwise from A♭ major. Which major key is next?

    Réponse

    E♭ major. The move goes up a perfect fifth and reduces four flats to three.

  83. Carte 83

    Question

    Move one step clockwise from G♭ major. Which major key is next?

    Réponse

    D♭ major. The move goes up a perfect fifth and reduces six flats to five.

  84. Carte 84

    Question

    How do B major and C♭ major differ at the enharmonic bottom of the circle?

    Réponse

    B major has five sharps; C♭ major has seven flats. Their tonics are enharmonic in equal temperament, but their relative minors are spelled G♯ minor and A♭ minor.

  85. Carte 85

    Question

    Move one step counterclockwise from C major. Which major key is next?

    Réponse

    F major. The move goes down a perfect fifth and changes no accidentals to one flat.

  86. Carte 86

    Question

    Move one step counterclockwise from B♭ major. Which major key is next?

    Réponse

    E♭ major. The move goes down a perfect fifth and increases two flats to three.

  87. Carte 87

    Question

    Move one step clockwise from F♯ major. Which major key is next?

    Réponse

    C♯ major. The move goes up a perfect fifth and increases six sharps to seven.

A midnight-blue illustration of twelve colored nodes joined in a luminous circle, with small musical notes around it.

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Circle of Fifths Flashcards: Keys, Signatures & Relative Minors

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