Circle of Fifths Flashcards: Keys, Signatures & Relative Minors
Practice major and minor keys, spelled key signatures, relative-key pairs, accidental order, and neighboring circle positions.
Om den här kortleken
Reading a finished circle is easy; recalling one relationship without the wheel is the useful part. These 87 text-only cards make you rebuild the circle of fifths from small, practical mappings.
What the cards practice
- Circle rule → musical change: recall what clockwise and counterclockwise moves do to the tonic and key signature, plus how relative keys and accidental order work.
- Major key → spelled signature: name every accidental for all 15 conventional spellings from C♭ major through C♯ major.
- Written accidental set → major and relative minor: reverse each of those 15 signatures without relying on a staff image.
- Major key ↔ relative minor: practice all 15 pairs in both directions, keeping spellings such as D♯ minor and E♭ minor distinct.
- Local circle move → neighboring major key: move clockwise or counterclockwise across every conventional adjacent pair, including the separate sharp-side and flat-side routes at the bottom.
- Enharmonic pair → spelling distinction: compare B/C♭, F♯/G♭, and C♯/D♭ by signature and relative minor.
The deck leaves out ear training, staff-image identification, chord progressions, and exhaustive scale spelling. Staff recognition is already covered by the Major & Minor Key Signatures deck; this deck focuses on recalling the relationships behind the diagram.
The order starts with interleaved reconstruction rules, introduces signatures from zero accidentals outward, and then separates reverse and relative-key prompts with deterministic strides. The final block interleaves neighbor moves and enharmonic comparisons after their spellings are familiar. The review scheduler handles longer-term spacing after installation.
Facts were independently checked against Open Music Theory, musictheory.net, and Berklee Online. The questions, answers, selection, sequence, metadata, and generated cover are shared under CC0 1.0 to the extent those original elements can be dedicated. Musical facts remain common knowledge. No third-party media or protected deck text was used.
Kort i den här kortleken
Kort 1
Fråga
In what order are sharps added to key signatures?
Svar
F♯, C♯, G♯, D♯, A♯, E♯, B♯.
Kort 2
Fråga
What changes when you move one step clockwise on the circle of fifths?
Svar
The tonic moves up a perfect fifth. The signature shifts one step toward sharps: add one sharp or remove one flat.
Kort 3
Fråga
What makes a major key and a minor key relative?
Svar
They share the same key signature. Their tonics and modes are different.
Kort 4
Fråga
How can you find a major key's relative minor tonic?
Svar
Go down a minor third from the major tonic. It is also scale degree 6 of the major scale.
Kort 5
Fråga
In what order are flats added to key signatures?
Svar
B♭, E♭, A♭, D♭, G♭, C♭, F♭.
Kort 6
Fråga
What changes when you move one step counterclockwise on the circle of fifths?
Svar
The tonic moves down a perfect fifth. The signature shifts one step toward flats: add one flat or remove one sharp.
Kort 7
Fråga
Why do 15 conventional major key signatures fit into 12 pitch-class positions?
Svar
Three positions have two enharmonic spellings. B/C♭, F♯/G♭, and C♯/D♭ sound alike in equal temperament but use different written signatures.
Kort 8
Fråga
How can you find a minor key's relative major tonic?
Svar
Go up a minor third from the minor tonic. It is also scale degree 3 of the natural minor scale.
Kort 9
Fråga
How are the conventional sharp and flat orders related?
Svar
They are exact reverses. F–C–G–D–A–E–B for sharps becomes B–E–A–D–G–C–F for flats.
Kort 10
Fråga
What is normally true of neighboring major keys on the circle?
Svar
Their key signatures differ by one accidental. Keep the sharp-side or flat-side spelling consistent at the enharmonic bottom.
Kort 11
Fråga
What is the key signature of C major?
Svar
No sharps or flats.
Kort 12
Fråga
What is the key signature of G major?
Svar
1 sharp: F♯.
Kort 13
Fråga
What is the key signature of F major?
Svar
1 flat: B♭.
Kort 14
Fråga
What is the key signature of D major?
Svar
2 sharps: F♯, C♯.
Kort 15
Fråga
What is the key signature of B♭ major?
Svar
2 flats: B♭, E♭.
Kort 16
Fråga
What is the key signature of A major?
Svar
3 sharps: F♯, C♯, G♯.
Kort 17
Fråga
What is the key signature of E♭ major?
Svar
3 flats: B♭, E♭, A♭.
Kort 18
Fråga
What is the key signature of E major?
Svar
4 sharps: F♯, C♯, G♯, D♯.
Kort 19
Fråga
What is the key signature of A♭ major?
Svar
4 flats: B♭, E♭, A♭, D♭.
Kort 20
Fråga
What is the key signature of B major?
Svar
5 sharps: F♯, C♯, G♯, D♯, A♯.
Kort 21
Fråga
What is the key signature of D♭ major?
Svar
5 flats: B♭, E♭, A♭, D♭, G♭.
Kort 22
Fråga
What is the key signature of F♯ major?
Svar
6 sharps: F♯, C♯, G♯, D♯, A♯, E♯.
Kort 23
Fråga
What is the key signature of G♭ major?
Svar
6 flats: B♭, E♭, A♭, D♭, G♭, C♭.
Kort 24
Fråga
What is the key signature of C♯ major?
Svar
7 sharps: F♯, C♯, G♯, D♯, A♯, E♯, B♯.
Kort 25
Fråga
What is the key signature of C♭ major?
Svar
7 flats: B♭, E♭, A♭, D♭, G♭, C♭, F♭.
Kort 26
Fråga
No sharps or flats — name the conventional major key and its relative minor.
Svar
C major and A minor.
Kort 27
Fråga
2 flats (B♭, E♭) — name the conventional major key and its relative minor.
Svar
B♭ major and G minor.
Kort 28
Fråga
4 flats (B♭, E♭, A♭, D♭) — name the conventional major key and its relative minor.
Svar
A♭ major and F minor.
Kort 29
Fråga
6 flats (B♭, E♭, A♭, D♭, G♭, C♭) — name the conventional major key and its relative minor.
Svar
G♭ major and E♭ minor.
Kort 30
Fråga
1 sharp (F♯) — name the conventional major key and its relative minor.
Svar
G major and E minor.
Kort 31
Fråga
3 sharps (F♯, C♯, G♯) — name the conventional major key and its relative minor.
Svar
A major and F♯ minor.
Kort 32
Fråga
5 sharps (F♯, C♯, G♯, D♯, A♯) — name the conventional major key and its relative minor.
Svar
B major and G♯ minor.
Kort 33
Fråga
7 sharps (F♯, C♯, G♯, D♯, A♯, E♯, B♯) — name the conventional major key and its relative minor.
Svar
C♯ major and A♯ minor.
Kort 34
Fråga
1 flat (B♭) — name the conventional major key and its relative minor.
Svar
F major and D minor.
Kort 35
Fråga
3 flats (B♭, E♭, A♭) — name the conventional major key and its relative minor.
Svar
E♭ major and C minor.
Kort 36
Fråga
5 flats (B♭, E♭, A♭, D♭, G♭) — name the conventional major key and its relative minor.
Svar
D♭ major and B♭ minor.
Kort 37
Fråga
7 flats (B♭, E♭, A♭, D♭, G♭, C♭, F♭) — name the conventional major key and its relative minor.
Svar
C♭ major and A♭ minor.
Kort 38
Fråga
2 sharps (F♯, C♯) — name the conventional major key and its relative minor.
Svar
D major and B minor.
Kort 39
Fråga
4 sharps (F♯, C♯, G♯, D♯) — name the conventional major key and its relative minor.
Svar
E major and C♯ minor.
Kort 40
Fråga
6 sharps (F♯, C♯, G♯, D♯, A♯, E♯) — name the conventional major key and its relative minor.
Svar
F♯ major and D♯ minor.
Kort 41
Fråga
What is the relative minor of C major?
Svar
A minor. Both keys have no sharps or flats.
Kort 42
Fråga
What is the relative minor of E major?
Svar
C♯ minor. Both keys have four sharps.
Kort 43
Fråga
What is the relative minor of C♭ major?
Svar
A♭ minor. Both keys have seven flats.
Kort 44
Fråga
What is the relative minor of E♭ major?
Svar
C minor. Both keys have three flats.
Kort 45
Fråga
What is the relative minor of C♯ major?
Svar
A♯ minor. Both keys have seven sharps.
Kort 46
Fråga
What is the relative minor of A major?
Svar
F♯ minor. Both keys have three sharps.
Kort 47
Fråga
What is the relative minor of G♭ major?
Svar
E♭ minor. Both keys have six flats.
Kort 48
Fråga
What is the relative minor of B♭ major?
Svar
G minor. Both keys have two flats.
Kort 49
Fråga
What is the relative minor of F♯ major?
Svar
D♯ minor. Both keys have six sharps.
Kort 50
Fråga
What is the relative minor of D major?
Svar
B minor. Both keys have two sharps.
Kort 51
Fråga
What is the relative minor of D♭ major?
Svar
B♭ minor. Both keys have five flats.
Kort 52
Fråga
What is the relative minor of F major?
Svar
D minor. Both keys have one flat.
Kort 53
Fråga
What is the relative minor of B major?
Svar
G♯ minor. Both keys have five sharps.
Kort 54
Fråga
What is the relative minor of G major?
Svar
E minor. Both keys have one sharp.
Kort 55
Fråga
What is the relative minor of A♭ major?
Svar
F minor. Both keys have four flats.
Kort 56
Fråga
What is the relative major of B minor?
Svar
D major. Both keys have two sharps.
Kort 57
Fråga
What is the relative major of A♭ minor?
Svar
C♭ major. Both keys have seven flats.
Kort 58
Fråga
What is the relative major of B♭ minor?
Svar
D♭ major. Both keys have five flats.
Kort 59
Fråga
What is the relative major of C minor?
Svar
E♭ major. Both keys have three flats.
Kort 60
Fråga
What is the relative major of D minor?
Svar
F major. Both keys have one flat.
Kort 61
Fråga
What is the relative major of A♯ minor?
Svar
C♯ major. Both keys have seven sharps.
Kort 62
Fråga
What is the relative major of G♯ minor?
Svar
B major. Both keys have five sharps.
Kort 63
Fråga
What is the relative major of F♯ minor?
Svar
A major. Both keys have three sharps.
Kort 64
Fråga
What is the relative major of E minor?
Svar
G major. Both keys have one sharp.
Kort 65
Fråga
What is the relative major of E♭ minor?
Svar
G♭ major. Both keys have six flats.
Kort 66
Fråga
What is the relative major of F minor?
Svar
A♭ major. Both keys have four flats.
Kort 67
Fråga
What is the relative major of G minor?
Svar
B♭ major. Both keys have two flats.
Kort 68
Fråga
What is the relative major of A minor?
Svar
C major. Both keys have no sharps or flats.
Kort 69
Fråga
What is the relative major of D♯ minor?
Svar
F♯ major. Both keys have six sharps.
Kort 70
Fråga
What is the relative major of C♯ minor?
Svar
E major. Both keys have four sharps.
Kort 71
Fråga
Move one step counterclockwise from F♯ major. Which major key is next?
Svar
B major. The move goes down a perfect fifth and reduces six sharps to five.
Kort 72
Fråga
How do C♯ major and D♭ major differ at the enharmonic bottom of the circle?
Svar
C♯ major has seven sharps; D♭ major has five flats. Their tonics are enharmonic in equal temperament, but their relative minors are spelled A♯ minor and B♭ minor.
Kort 73
Fråga
Move one step clockwise from C major. Which major key is next?
Svar
G major. The move goes up a perfect fifth and changes no accidentals to one sharp.
Kort 74
Fråga
Move one step clockwise from D major. Which major key is next?
Svar
A major. The move goes up a perfect fifth and increases two sharps to three.
Kort 75
Fråga
Move one step counterclockwise from G♭ major. Which major key is next?
Svar
C♭ major. The move goes down a perfect fifth and increases six flats to seven.
Kort 76
Fråga
Move one step clockwise from E major. Which major key is next?
Svar
B major. The move goes up a perfect fifth and increases four sharps to five.
Kort 77
Fråga
Move one step counterclockwise from A♭ major. Which major key is next?
Svar
D♭ major. The move goes down a perfect fifth and increases four flats to five.
Kort 78
Fråga
Move one step counterclockwise from D major. Which major key is next?
Svar
G major. The move goes down a perfect fifth and reduces two sharps to one.
Kort 79
Fråga
How do F♯ major and G♭ major differ at the enharmonic bottom of the circle?
Svar
F♯ major has six sharps; G♭ major has six flats. Their tonics are enharmonic in equal temperament, but their relative minors are spelled D♯ minor and E♭ minor.
Kort 80
Fråga
Move one step clockwise from B♭ major. Which major key is next?
Svar
F major. The move goes up a perfect fifth and reduces two flats to one.
Kort 81
Fråga
Move one step counterclockwise from E major. Which major key is next?
Svar
A major. The move goes down a perfect fifth and reduces four sharps to three.
Kort 82
Fråga
Move one step clockwise from A♭ major. Which major key is next?
Svar
E♭ major. The move goes up a perfect fifth and reduces four flats to three.
Kort 83
Fråga
Move one step clockwise from G♭ major. Which major key is next?
Svar
D♭ major. The move goes up a perfect fifth and reduces six flats to five.
Kort 84
Fråga
How do B major and C♭ major differ at the enharmonic bottom of the circle?
Svar
B major has five sharps; C♭ major has seven flats. Their tonics are enharmonic in equal temperament, but their relative minors are spelled G♯ minor and A♭ minor.
Kort 85
Fråga
Move one step counterclockwise from C major. Which major key is next?
Svar
F major. The move goes down a perfect fifth and changes no accidentals to one flat.
Kort 86
Fråga
Move one step counterclockwise from B♭ major. Which major key is next?
Svar
E♭ major. The move goes down a perfect fifth and increases two flats to three.
Kort 87
Fråga
Move one step clockwise from F♯ major. Which major key is next?
Svar
C♯ major. The move goes up a perfect fifth and increases six sharps to seven.
87 kort
Circle of Fifths Flashcards: Keys, Signatures & Relative Minors
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