TOEFL iBT Flashcards: 12 Task Types, Vocabulary & Strategy
Study the 12 current TOEFL iBT task types with 180 original cards on vocabulary, sentence patterns, task decisions, and reusable strategy cues.
Mayelana naleli qoqo
The TOEFL iBT changed worldwide on January 21, 2026. This independently written English deck gives you a compact active-recall layer for the current format: 180 cards across all 12 Reading, Listening, Writing, and Speaking task types.
Reviewed for the 2026 TOEFL iBT format.
What the cards ask you to retrieve
- current task name → format and skill being measured
- partial word or short original context → spelling, meaning, or word form
- sentence cue → grammatical structure
- original scenario or common miss pattern → the next useful decision
- communicative purpose → a natural response, email, discussion, or speaking move
- claim, detail, transition, or speaker cue → its role in comprehension
The sequence starts with a map of the 12 tasks, then follows the test order: Reading, Listening, Writing, and Speaking. Within each task, basic recognition comes before strategy decisions and production cues. Every card has the root toefl-ibt tag and one section tag.
What's deliberately left out
This deck is not a full TOEFL course, test simulation, official preparation product, or promise of a score. It does not reproduce adaptive Reading or Listening, one-play audio, pronunciation assessment, spontaneous speaking, or complete timed writing. Return to current ETS materials for that performance practice.
The deck also excludes copied exam questions, passages, answer choices, scoring rubrics, mark schemes, and curriculum text. It does not mechanically add definition-to-word reverse cards, because isolated reverse recall is often ambiguous; production directions appear only when a specific context or sentence makes the answer useful and clear.
Scope was reviewed against the current ETS test content page and the TOEFL iBT 2026 Test Blueprint and Specifications. Check those official sources for current requirements and later changes.
Facts and official task names are not claimed as original. The CC0 dedication applies to the deck's independently written prompts, answers, examples, organization, metadata, and original generated cover to the extent the contributor can dedicate those elements.
This independent, unofficial deck is not affiliated with, endorsed by, or sponsored by ETS. TOEFL® and TOEFL iBT® are trademarks of ETS. No official questions, mark schemes, scoring rubrics, curriculum passages, logos, or trade dress are copied.
Amakhadi akuleli qoqo
Ikhadi 1
Umbuzo
TOEFL iBT overview — when did the current test format take effect?
Impendulo
January 21, 2026.
Ikhadi 2
Umbuzo
TOEFL iBT overview — what is the section order in the current test?
Impendulo
Reading, Listening, Writing, then Speaking.
Ikhadi 3
Umbuzo
TOEFL iBT overview — how much time should you allow for the full test session?
Impendulo
About two hours. The published section base times do not include directions, and adaptive sections can vary.
Ikhadi 4
Umbuzo
TOEFL iBT overview — which sections use a multistage adaptive design?
Impendulo
Reading and Listening.
Ikhadi 5
Umbuzo
TOEFL iBT overview — what does two-stage adaptivity mean for your Reading or Listening path?
Impendulo
Your performance in the first, routing stage determines whether you receive a lower- or upper-level second module.
Ikhadi 6
Umbuzo
TOEFL iBT overview — what score scale applies to tests taken from January 21, 2026?
Impendulo
The 1–6 scale. During a two-year transition, ETS also reports a comparable overall score on the 0–120 scale.
Ikhadi 7
Umbuzo
TOEFL iBT overview — what are the Reading section's published base size and time?
Impendulo
50 items in approximately 30 minutes. The actual item count and time may vary as the test adapts.
Ikhadi 8
Umbuzo
TOEFL iBT overview — what are the three Reading task types?
Impendulo
Complete the Words, Read in Daily Life, and Read an Academic Passage.
Ikhadi 9
Umbuzo
TOEFL iBT overview — what are the four Listening task types?
Impendulo
Listen and Choose a Response, Listen to a Conversation, Listen to an Announcement, and Listen to an Academic Talk.
Ikhadi 10
Umbuzo
TOEFL iBT overview — what are the three Writing task types?
Impendulo
Build a Sentence, Write an Email, and Write for an Academic Discussion.
Ikhadi 11
Umbuzo
TOEFL iBT overview — what are the two Speaking task types?
Impendulo
Listen and Repeat, and Take an Interview.
Ikhadi 12
Umbuzo
TOEFL iBT overview — what minimum participation is required for the test to be scored?
Impendulo
Answer at least one Reading item and one Listening item, and complete at least one Speaking task and one Writing task.
Ikhadi 13
Umbuzo
Complete the Words — what core ability does this task measure?
Impendulo
Processing an academic text for both meaning and form, including vocabulary, grammar, and spelling.
Ikhadi 14
Umbuzo
Complete the Words — what kind of text do you complete?
Impendulo
An academic paragraph of roughly 70–100 words.
Ikhadi 15
Umbuzo
Complete the Words — what is special about the paragraph's opening sentence?
Impendulo
It is complete. Use it to establish the topic and context before filling any gaps.
Ikhadi 16
Umbuzo
Complete the Words — which parts of words disappear after the opening sentence?
Impendulo
The latter half of every second word.
Ikhadi 17
Umbuzo
Complete the Words — how many words have missing letters in each text?
Impendulo
Ten words.
Ikhadi 18
Umbuzo
Complete the Words — what do you supply for each incomplete word?
Impendulo
The missing letters that restore the original word.
Ikhadi 19
Umbuzo
Complete the Words — which context should you check first for a difficult gap?
Impendulo
The whole sentence around the gap. It usually reveals the needed grammar and immediate meaning.
Ikhadi 20
Umbuzo
Complete the Words — how does identifying the missing word's part of speech help?
Impendulo
It narrows the possibilities to the needed noun, verb, adjective, adverb, or function word.
Ikhadi 21
Umbuzo
Complete the Words — how should you use the letters that remain visible?
Impendulo
Treat them as a fixed word beginning, then test completions that fit both grammar and meaning.
Ikhadi 22
Umbuzo
Complete the Words — why is a locally plausible word not always enough?
Impendulo
It must also fit the paragraph's larger idea. A grammatical word can still make the passage incoherent.
Ikhadi 23
Umbuzo
Complete the Words — finish the academic word in context:
The committee approved an alloc_____ of funds to the library.Impendulo
allocation— the articleanand the phraseof fundscall for the noun form ofallocate.Ikhadi 24
Umbuzo
Complete the Words — finish the academic word in context:
A careful anal____ of the samples revealed the pattern.Impendulo
analysis— the adjectivecarefuland the phraseof the samplescall for a noun.Ikhadi 25
Umbuzo
Complete the Words — finish the academic word in context:
The findings provide clear evid____ for the new explanation.Impendulo
evidence—provide clear ... forrequires the noun form.Ikhadi 26
Umbuzo
Complete the Words — finish the academic word in context:
Seasonal vari_____ in rainfall affects the reservoir.Impendulo
variation— the adjectiveseasonal, the singular verbaffects, and the prepositioninpoint to this noun form ofvary.Ikhadi 27
Umbuzo
Complete the Words — finish the academic word in context:
Regular maint______ keeps the laboratory equipment safe.Impendulo
maintenance— the adjectiveregularcalls for the noun meaning upkeep.Ikhadi 28
Umbuzo
Complete the Words — finish the academic word in context:
The source is reli____ because its methods are transparent.Impendulo
reliable— the linking verbiscalls for the adjective form ofrely.Ikhadi 29
Umbuzo
Complete the Words — finish the academic word in context:
The distances were measured accur_____ before comparison.Impendulo
accurately— the missing word modifieswere measured, so the adverb form is needed.Ikhadi 30
Umbuzo
Complete the Words — finish the academic word in context:
Each participant made a contri______ to the final report.Impendulo
contribution—a ... tocalls for the singular noun form ofcontribute.Ikhadi 31
Umbuzo
Complete the Words — what should you do if one gap is taking too long?
Impendulo
Enter the strongest context-based completion, continue, and revisit it if time remains.
Ikhadi 32
Umbuzo
Complete the Words — what practice method matches the real task better than isolated spelling drills?
Impendulo
Restore missing letters inside complete academic paragraphs, using syntax and meaning together.
Ikhadi 33
Umbuzo
Read in Daily Life — what kind of material appears in this task?
Impendulo
Short, nonacademic texts drawn from ordinary daily situations.
Ikhadi 34
Umbuzo
Read in Daily Life — about how long can a text be?
Impendulo
Roughly 15–150 words.
Ikhadi 35
Umbuzo
Read in Daily Life — how many questions usually follow one text?
Impendulo
Two or three multiple-choice questions, depending on the text's length.
Ikhadi 36
Umbuzo
Read in Daily Life — which text formats should you be ready to see?
Impendulo
Everyday formats such as notices, schedules, emails, messages, menus, forms, receipts, advertisements, and web posts.
Ikhadi 37
Umbuzo
Read in Daily Life — how should you read a schedule, menu, or form?
Impendulo
Follow its layout first. Headings, rows, columns, labels, and symbols show how the information is organized.
Ikhadi 38
Umbuzo
Read in Daily Life — what should you identify when a question asks why the text was written?
Impendulo
The writer's main purpose, such as informing, requesting, warning, inviting, or advertising.
Ikhadi 39
Umbuzo
Read in Daily Life — what is the fastest way to find one date, price, place, or deadline?
Impendulo
Scan for the exact detail and its label instead of rereading every line at the same speed.
Ikhadi 40
Umbuzo
Read in Daily Life — how should you handle an unfamiliar informal phrase?
Impendulo
Infer its practical meaning from the situation, tone, and nearby words.
Ikhadi 41
Umbuzo
Read in Daily Life — what evidence supports an implied-meaning answer?
Impendulo
Several clues in the text that point to the same conclusion, even though it is not stated directly.
Ikhadi 42
Umbuzo
Read in Daily Life — how should you interpret telegraphic wording such as
No entry after 6?Impendulo
Expand the compressed wording into its full practical message: entry is not allowed after 6.
Ikhadi 43
Umbuzo
Read in Daily Life — how can you resolve a pronoun such as
itorthey?Impendulo
Match it to the nearby noun that fits both the grammar and the message's meaning.
Ikhadi 44
Umbuzo
Read in Daily Life — what quick workflow balances speed with accuracy?
Impendulo
Skim for purpose and layout, read the question, then scan the text for the specific evidence.
Ikhadi 45
Umbuzo
Read an Academic Passage — what kind of text appears in this task?
Impendulo
A short expository passage like one used in secondary or higher education.
Ikhadi 46
Umbuzo
Read an Academic Passage — about how long is each passage?
Impendulo
Approximately 200 words.
Ikhadi 47
Umbuzo
Read an Academic Passage — how many questions follow a passage?
Impendulo
Five questions.
Ikhadi 48
Umbuzo
Read an Academic Passage — which subject areas may appear?
Impendulo
Fields such as history, arts, business, economics, life science, physical science, and social science.
Ikhadi 49
Umbuzo
Read an Academic Passage — do you need prior knowledge of the topic?
Impendulo
No. The passage provides the information needed to answer its questions.
Ikhadi 50
Umbuzo
Read an Academic Passage — can you refer back to the text while answering?
Impendulo
Yes. The reading text remains visible throughout the task.
Ikhadi 51
Umbuzo
Read an Academic Passage — what should a main-idea answer cover?
Impendulo
The passage's central point, broad enough to include its major supporting ideas without adding a new claim.
Ikhadi 52
Umbuzo
Read an Academic Passage — how should you verify an answer about a factual detail?
Impendulo
Locate the relevant sentence, then check enough surrounding context to avoid reversing or overstating the fact.
Ikhadi 53
Umbuzo
Read an Academic Passage — how should you determine a word's meaning in context?
Impendulo
Substitute each plausible meaning into the sentence and keep the one that fits the local idea and tone.
Ikhadi 54
Umbuzo
Read an Academic Passage — what makes an inference defensible?
Impendulo
It follows from evidence in the passage without requiring an unsupported extra assumption.
Ikhadi 55
Umbuzo
Read an Academic Passage — how can you track the relationship between two ideas?
Impendulo
Name the link explicitly: cause and effect, contrast, comparison, example, sequence, or problem and solution.
Ikhadi 56
Umbuzo
Read an Academic Passage — what does a rhetorical-structure question ask you to recognize?
Impendulo
How the author organizes information to develop the passage, such as by comparison or cause and effect.
Ikhadi 57
Umbuzo
Read an Academic Passage — how is an author's-purpose question different from a detail question?
Impendulo
It asks why the author included a statement or section, not merely what that part says.
Ikhadi 58
Umbuzo
Read an Academic Passage — how should you unpack a long sentence with complex grammar?
Impendulo
Find the main subject and verb first, then attach modifying phrases and clauses to the ideas they describe.
Ikhadi 59
Umbuzo
Read an Academic Passage — how should you interpret figurative or idiomatic language?
Impendulo
Use the surrounding claim and tone to recover the intended meaning, rather than reading every word literally.
Ikhadi 60
Umbuzo
Read an Academic Passage — how can a paragraph's first and last sentences help?
Impendulo
They often reveal the paragraph's main role, while the middle supplies explanation or evidence.
Ikhadi 61
Umbuzo
Read an Academic Passage — what should decide between the passage and your outside knowledge?
Impendulo
The passage. Choose the answer supported by the text even when you know more about the topic.
Ikhadi 62
Umbuzo
Read an Academic Passage — what do signal words such as
however,because, andfor examplereveal?Impendulo
The logical move between ideas: contrast, cause, or illustration.
Ikhadi 63
Umbuzo
Read an Academic Passage — which wrong answers should you eliminate first?
Impendulo
Choices that contradict the text, distort its scope, or answer a different question.
Ikhadi 64
Umbuzo
Read an Academic Passage — what is the most efficient rereading strategy after you see a question?
Impendulo
Return to the relevant sentence or paragraph, then widen the context only if the answer depends on a larger relationship.
Ikhadi 65
Umbuzo
Listen and Choose a Response — what do you do after hearing the prompt?
Impendulo
Choose the reply that best fits the prompt. Match the speaker's meaning and purpose, not just a repeated word.
Ikhadi 66
Umbuzo
Listen and Choose a Response — which abilities does this task target?
Impendulo
Understanding meaning, speaker intent, and common patterns of spoken English. The best response must make sense in the exchange.
Ikhadi 67
Umbuzo
Listen and Choose a Response — what should you identify before comparing the options?
Impendulo
The prompt's communicative purpose. Decide whether it is a question, request, suggestion, apology, invitation, or comment.
Ikhadi 68
Umbuzo
Listen and Choose a Response — how does a question word narrow the answer?
Impendulo
It signals the information needed. For example,
whencalls for a time, whilewhycalls for a reason.Ikhadi 69
Umbuzo
Listen and Choose a Response — why can a response without
yesornofit a yes-or-no question?Impendulo
An indirect reply can still answer the real question.
The lab closes at sixcan explain whether there is time to visit it.Ikhadi 70
Umbuzo
Listen and Choose a Response — what makes a reply suitable for a request?
Impendulo
It accepts, refuses, or addresses the requested action naturally. A reply about the same topic can still miss the request.
Ikhadi 71
Umbuzo
Listen and Choose a Response — what is the updated Listening section's published base length?
Impendulo
47 items in about 29 minutes. ETS notes that item count and time may vary as the section adapts.
Ikhadi 72
Umbuzo
Listen and Choose a Response — how should you handle a negatively worded question?
Impendulo
Work out the speaker's actual concern before choosing. Do not select an option only because it repeats the negative word.
Ikhadi 73
Umbuzo
Listen and Choose a Response — what is the repeated-word trap?
Impendulo
A distractor echoes vocabulary from the prompt but does not form a logical reply. Test the conversational link, not the word match.
Ikhadi 74
Umbuzo
Listen and Choose a Response — what should you do with an unfamiliar expression?
Impendulo
Infer its function from tone and context. You often need the speaker's intent more than a word-for-word definition.
Ikhadi 75
Umbuzo
Listen and Choose a Response — when two options are grammatical, what decides between them?
Impendulo
Conversational relevance. Choose the option a person would naturally say next in that situation.
Ikhadi 76
Umbuzo
Listen and Choose a Response — what does multistage adaptive mean for the Listening section?
Impendulo
The section adjusts to your ability as you progress. Its four task types stay the same, but the item count and timing may vary.
Ikhadi 77
Umbuzo
Listen to a Conversation — what setting is most typical?
Impendulo
A campus-life conversation between two people. The exchange may involve a problem, plan, service, class, or student activity.
Ikhadi 78
Umbuzo
Listen to a Conversation — which four kinds of understanding does ETS emphasize?
Impendulo
Main ideas, key details, speaker intent, and implied meaning. Listen for both what is said and why it is said.
Ikhadi 79
Umbuzo
Listen to a Conversation — how can you capture the main idea in one line?
Impendulo
Write the speakers' shared purpose or central problem. A topic label alone is usually too broad.
Ikhadi 80
Umbuzo
Listen to a Conversation — what should you track about each speaker?
Impendulo
Each speaker's role and goal. Knowing who needs information, approval, or action makes the exchange easier to follow.
Ikhadi 81
Umbuzo
Listen to a Conversation — what compact note pattern fits a problem-solving exchange?
Impendulo
Problem → options → decision. Add the reason for the final choice if the speakers give one.
Ikhadi 82
Umbuzo
Listen to a Conversation — which details are most worth writing down?
Impendulo
Details that change the plan or explain a choice. Dates, requirements, obstacles, and decisions usually matter more than examples or greetings.
Ikhadi 83
Umbuzo
Listen to a Conversation — how can tone reveal speaker intent?
Impendulo
Tone can show doubt, relief, hesitation, politeness, or disagreement. Combine it with the speaker's words before inferring intent.
Ikhadi 84
Umbuzo
Listen to a Conversation — what supports a sound inference?
Impendulo
Two or more clues from the exchange. Choose what follows from the speakers' words and situation, not what is merely possible.
Ikhadi 85
Umbuzo
Listen to a Conversation — why should you expect paraphrases in the options?
Impendulo
Correct answers often restate the audio with different words. Match the idea rather than waiting for an exact phrase.
Ikhadi 86
Umbuzo
Listen to a Conversation — how can a two-column note layout help?
Impendulo
Give each speaker a column. This keeps requests, objections, and decisions attached to the right person.
Ikhadi 87
Umbuzo
Listen to a Conversation — how do you predict a likely next action?
Impendulo
Use the final decision plus any stated condition. The next action should follow directly from where the speakers leave the situation.
Ikhadi 88
Umbuzo
Listen to a Conversation — why can one memorable sentence be misleading?
Impendulo
A single sentence may describe an option that the speakers later reject. Follow the whole exchange before choosing the outcome.
Ikhadi 89
Umbuzo
Listen to an Announcement — where does this task usually take place?
Impendulo
In an academic or campus setting. Expect a focused message about information students or staff need to act on.
Ikhadi 90
Umbuzo
Listen to an Announcement — which abilities does the task measure?
Impendulo
Understanding purpose, key information, implied meaning, and likely next actions. The message often combines facts with instructions.
amakhadi angu-180
TOEFL iBT Flashcards: 12 Task Types, Vocabulary & Strategy
Funda leli qoqo mahhalaI-Nibomo iyavuleka ukuze uqale ukufunda.
Ikhadi 91
Umbuzo
Listen to an Announcement — what should your first note capture?
Impendulo
The announcement's purpose. Write the reason for the message before collecting its supporting logistics.
Ikhadi 92
Umbuzo
Listen to an Announcement — which four logistics labels keep notes organized?
Impendulo
Who, what, when, and where. Add a required action when the message asks listeners to do something.
Ikhadi 93
Umbuzo
Listen to an Announcement — which words often signal a change to an earlier plan?
Impendulo
Words such as
instead,now,rescheduled, andrather than. Put the updated information in your notes, not just the original plan.Ikhadi 94
Umbuzo
Listen to an Announcement — how should you record a reason and its result?
Impendulo
Link them as cause → consequence. This prevents you from confusing why the change happened with what listeners must do.
Ikhadi 95
Umbuzo
Listen to an Announcement — how do you identify the likely next action?
Impendulo
Look for instructions, deadlines, and eligibility conditions. The expected action must fit all three when they are stated.
Ikhadi 96
Umbuzo
Listen to an Announcement — what makes an implied conclusion safe?
Impendulo
It follows from explicit facts in the message. Do not add campus rules or procedures that the speaker never mentions.
Ikhadi 97
Umbuzo
Listen to an Announcement — how should you handle numbers, dates, and room names?
Impendulo
Write them in short form as soon as you hear them. Exact logistical details are harder to reconstruct from memory than the main purpose.
Ikhadi 98
Umbuzo
Listen to an Announcement — what evidence should control your answer?
Impendulo
The speaker's actual message. Familiar campus routines may sound plausible, but they are not evidence unless the audio supports them.
Ikhadi 99
Umbuzo
Listen to an Academic Talk — what kind of audio do you hear?
Impendulo
A short academic talk by a professor or expert. It is focused rather than a long lecture set.
Ikhadi 100
Umbuzo
Listen to an Academic Talk — do you need specialist knowledge of the subject?
Impendulo
No. ETS uses varied academic fields, but the information needed to answer comes from the talk itself.
Ikhadi 101
Umbuzo
Listen to an Academic Talk — which kinds of understanding does ETS target?
Impendulo
Main ideas, supporting details, organization, inferences, and sometimes uncommon or idiomatic vocabulary.
Ikhadi 102
Umbuzo
Listen to an Academic Talk — how should you phrase the main idea in your notes?
Impendulo
Write the topic plus the professor's central point about it. A bare subject name does not capture the talk's direction.
Ikhadi 103
Umbuzo
Listen to an Academic Talk — which common structures should you listen for?
Impendulo
Comparison, cause and effect, a sequence, a definition with examples, or a problem with a solution. The structure shows how details connect.
Ikhadi 104
Umbuzo
Listen to an Academic Talk — what do signposts such as
first,however, andas a resultreveal?Impendulo
The relationship between ideas. They can mark sequence, contrast, or consequence before the content is complete.
Ikhadi 105
Umbuzo
Listen to an Academic Talk — how can you tell why the speaker gives an example?
Impendulo
Connect the example to the claim immediately before it. The example may illustrate, support, qualify, or challenge that point.
Ikhadi 106
Umbuzo
Listen to an Academic Talk — what is an efficient comparison note?
Impendulo
Name both subjects and record one shared feature or key difference. Keep each feature aligned with the correct subject.
Ikhadi 107
Umbuzo
Listen to an Academic Talk — what note symbol clarifies a causal chain?
Impendulo
Use arrows: cause → immediate effect → wider result. This preserves order when several consequences are discussed.
Ikhadi 108
Umbuzo
Listen to an Academic Talk — how should you record a new term?
Impendulo
Write the term, a short definition, and one example if given. Keep the example attached to the concept it illustrates.
Ikhadi 109
Umbuzo
Listen to an Academic Talk — what makes an inference stronger than a guess?
Impendulo
It combines the speaker's claim, supporting detail, and tone. A reasonable fact from outside the talk is still not enough.
Ikhadi 110
Umbuzo
Listen to an Academic Talk — how can context unlock an uncommon word?
Impendulo
Use the surrounding definition, contrast, example, or result. Infer the meaning needed in that sentence rather than a complete dictionary entry.
Ikhadi 111
Umbuzo
Listen to an Academic Talk — how should you interpret an idiomatic phrase?
Impendulo
Read it through the speaker's point and tone, not word by word. The intended meaning must fit the surrounding explanation.
Ikhadi 112
Umbuzo
Listen to an Academic Talk — what note hierarchy keeps details useful?
Impendulo
Main idea → major point → evidence or example. Indentation helps you see which detail supports which claim.
Ikhadi 113
Umbuzo
Listen to an Academic Talk — why should you mark a correction or qualification?
Impendulo
It may replace or narrow an earlier statement. The revised idea, not the first rough version, is usually the one that matters.
Ikhadi 114
Umbuzo
Listen to an Academic Talk — how can the ending help you check your notes?
Impendulo
Use the closing summary or conclusion to confirm the central point. Update your main-idea note if the talk's direction became clearer.
Ikhadi 115
Umbuzo
Build a Sentence — reorder the chunks. Start with
The seminarand end withat noon:the seminar / begins / at noonImpendulo
The seminar begins at noon.
Ikhadi 116
Umbuzo
Build a Sentence — reorder the chunks. Start with
The research teamand end withits findings:has / the research team / published / its findingsImpendulo
The research team has published its findings.
Ikhadi 117
Umbuzo
Build a Sentence — reorder the chunks. Start with
The field tripand end withheavy rain:was postponed / because of heavy rain / the field tripImpendulo
The field trip was postponed because of heavy rain.
Ikhadi 118
Umbuzo
Build a Sentence — combine the ideas with
although: The course is demanding. It remains popular.Impendulo
Although the course is demanding, it remains popular.
Ikhadi 119
Umbuzo
Build a Sentence — reorder the chunks:
that opened last month / the café / hires student musiciansImpendulo
The café that opened last month hires student musicians.
Ikhadi 120
Umbuzo
Build a Sentence — reorder the chunks as a question:
the library / when / does / closeImpendulo
When does the library close?
Ikhadi 121
Umbuzo
Build a Sentence — reorder the chunks. Start with
The busand end withwe arrived:had already left / when / we arrived / the busImpendulo
The bus had already left when we arrived.
Ikhadi 122
Umbuzo
Build a Sentence — combine the ideas with an infinitive of purpose: Lena visited the office. She wanted to replace her ID card.
Impendulo
Lena visited the office to replace her ID card.
Ikhadi 123
Umbuzo
Build a Sentence — reorder the chunks. Start with
The hikersand end withthe path was icy:because / the path was icy / the hikers turned backImpendulo
The hikers turned back because the path was icy.
Ikhadi 124
Umbuzo
Build a Sentence — complete the comparison:
This route is ___ than the coastal road.Useshort.Impendulo
This route is shorter than the coastal road.
Ikhadi 125
Umbuzo
Build a Sentence — correct the agreement error:
The list of required books are on the course page.Impendulo
The list of required books is on the course page. The singular head noun
listcontrols the verb.Ikhadi 126
Umbuzo
Build a Sentence — correct the embedded question:
Could you tell me where is the advising office?Impendulo
Could you tell me where the advising office is? Embedded questions use statement word order.
Ikhadi 127
Umbuzo
Build a Sentence — the next day, report Ana's statement from the previous evening:
I will send the file tonight.Impendulo
Ana said that she would send the file that night.
Ikhadi 128
Umbuzo
Build a Sentence — complete the real conditional with
willand a form ofprint:If the printer is available, I ___ the forms now.Impendulo
If the printer is available, I will print the forms now.
Ikhadi 129
Umbuzo
Build a Sentence — choose the correct verb:
There ___ several quiet rooms upstairs.Impendulo
There are several quiet rooms upstairs.
Ikhadi 130
Umbuzo
Build a Sentence — fix the parallel structure:
The workshop teaches students to plan projects, managing time, and how to present results.Impendulo
The workshop teaches students to plan projects, manage time, and present results.
Ikhadi 131
Umbuzo
Build a Sentence — place
oftennaturally:Students use the study rooms after class.Impendulo
Students often use the study rooms after class.
Ikhadi 132
Umbuzo
Build a Sentence — reorder the chunks:
did we notice / only after the lab closed / the missing keyImpendulo
Only after the lab closed did we notice the missing key.
Ikhadi 133
Umbuzo
Write an Email — you need an extension from an instructor. What tone fits?
Impendulo
Polite and direct. State the request clearly, give the relevant reason, and avoid either casual slang or exaggerated formality.
Ikhadi 134
Umbuzo
Write an Email — what should the opening establish first?
Impendulo
Why you are writing. Give the reader the purpose before supporting details.
Ikhadi 135
Umbuzo
Write an Email — make this request polite and specific:
Send me the new schedule.Impendulo
Could you please send me the updated schedule?
Ikhadi 136
Umbuzo
Write an Email — a classmate sent useful notes. What should a clear reply do before adding a question?
Impendulo
Acknowledge the help, then ask the question. This keeps the response connected to the message.
Ikhadi 137
Umbuzo
Write an Email — after making a request, what kind of reason is most useful?
Impendulo
A brief, relevant reason that helps the reader understand the request. Unrelated background weakens the message.
Ikhadi 138
Umbuzo
Write an Email — the study room is unavailable. What move turns the complaint into a solution?
Impendulo
Propose a practical alternative, such as moving the meeting to another room or time.
Ikhadi 139
Umbuzo
Write an Email — ask politely whether a workshop begins at 9:00 a.m.
Impendulo
Could you confirm whether the workshop begins at 9:00 a.m.?
Ikhadi 140
Umbuzo
Write an Email — what should you compare with the prompt before submitting?
Impendulo
Every requested content point, the audience, and the purpose. Make sure none has been skipped.
Ikhadi 141
Umbuzo
Write an Email — when two requested points are different, how can you make both easy to find?
Impendulo
Give each point its own clear sentence or short paragraph instead of burying both in one long sentence.
Ikhadi 142
Umbuzo
Write an Email — revise the vague sentence:
It caused a problem, so I need it changed.The problem is a lab time that overlaps with a lecture.Impendulo
The lab overlaps with my lecture, so I need to change my lab time.
Ikhadi 143
Umbuzo
Write an Email — which detail should you cut first during a quick clarity edit?
Impendulo
A detail that does not help the reader understand or act on the email's purpose.
Ikhadi 144
Umbuzo
Write an Email — what should a closing make clear?
Impendulo
The next step or the response you need, followed by a suitable sign-off.
Ikhadi 145
Umbuzo
Academic Discussion — what should your first sentence make clear?
Impendulo
Your position on the question. A direct claim gives the rest of the response a clear direction.
Ikhadi 146
Umbuzo
Academic Discussion — what should follow a position so it becomes an argument?
Impendulo
A relevant reason that explains why the position makes sense.
Ikhadi 147
Umbuzo
Academic Discussion — which support is stronger:
This is betteror a specific campus example?Impendulo
A specific campus example. It shows how the reason works instead of repeating the claim.
Ikhadi 148
Umbuzo
Academic Discussion — how can you disagree with a classmate without sounding dismissive?
Impendulo
Acknowledge the classmate's point, then state the specific limit or alternative you see.
Ikhadi 149
Umbuzo
Academic Discussion — complete the concession frame:
Although online courses offer flexibility, ...Impendulo
Although online courses offer flexibility, some students learn better with regular face-to-face discussion.
Ikhadi 150
Umbuzo
Academic Discussion — a classmate gives an example but no broader lesson. What useful move can you add?
Impendulo
Explain what the example suggests about the discussion question. This extends the idea instead of restating it.
Ikhadi 151
Umbuzo
Academic Discussion — revise the overbroad claim:
Group projects always teach every student leadership.Impendulo
Group projects can teach leadership when students share responsibility for decisions and results.
Ikhadi 152
Umbuzo
Academic Discussion — why should you avoid
everyone knowsas support?Impendulo
It treats an unsupported assumption as evidence. Give a reason or example that the reader can evaluate.
Ikhadi 153
Umbuzo
Academic Discussion — link this example to the claim:
A later library closing time would help students. Many science labs finish at 9:00 p.m.Impendulo
A later closing time would help because students leaving evening labs could still use the library.
Ikhadi 154
Umbuzo
Academic Discussion — which connector clearly introduces a contrast with the previous idea?
Impendulo
Howeverintroduces a contrasting point. The contrast itself must still be clear from the sentences.Ikhadi 155
Umbuzo
Academic Discussion — replace the vague support:
Technology helps students in many ways.Give one concrete mechanism.Impendulo
Recorded lectures help students review an explanation they did not understand the first time.
Ikhadi 156
Umbuzo
Academic Discussion — correct the agreement error:
Each of the proposals offer a different benefit.Impendulo
Each of the proposals offers a different benefit.
Ikhadi 157
Umbuzo
Academic Discussion — fix the run-on sentence:
Campus buses reduce traffic they also make commuting cheaper.Impendulo
Campus buses reduce traffic, and they also make commuting cheaper.
Ikhadi 158
Umbuzo
Academic Discussion — which connector clearly introduces a result?
Impendulo
Thereforeintroduces a result or conclusion that follows from the previous idea.Ikhadi 159
Umbuzo
Academic Discussion — what four items belong in a fast final check?
Impendulo
A clear position, a relevant reason, specific support, and sentences that connect logically.
Ikhadi 160
Umbuzo
Academic Discussion — why is a memorized paragraph a poor substitute for a flexible response plan?
Impendulo
It may not answer the actual question or connect to the discussion. Use a simple claim–reason–example plan and write for the prompt you receive.
Ikhadi 161
Umbuzo
Listen and Repeat — how many items does the updated task contain?
Impendulo
Seven items. Together with four Take an Interview questions, they make the Speaking section's 11 items in about eight minutes.
Ikhadi 162
Umbuzo
Listen and Repeat — what must you do with each sentence?
Impendulo
Repeat it exactly as you hear it. This is a reproduction task, so do not summarize or improve the wording.
Ikhadi 163
Umbuzo
Listen and Repeat — which two qualities does the task directly measure?
Impendulo
Accuracy and clear intelligibility. Your speech should preserve the sentence and be easy for a proficient English speaker to understand.
Ikhadi 164
Umbuzo
Listen and Repeat — how does difficulty progress within the task?
Impendulo
Sentences grow longer and more complex. They may move from one simple clause to dependent clauses, relative clauses, or complex noun phrases.
Ikhadi 165
Umbuzo
Listen and Repeat — what is the most useful way to hold a longer sentence in memory?
Impendulo
Keep it in meaning chunks. Follow the sentence's phrases and clauses instead of trying to store an unbroken string of words.
Ikhadi 166
Umbuzo
Listen and Repeat — what should you preserve besides the words?
Impendulo
The sentence's rhythm, stress, and intonation. These features divide meaning into clear spoken groups and support intelligibility.
Ikhadi 167
Umbuzo
Listen and Repeat — which small language features are easy to lose?
Impendulo
Articles, prepositions, auxiliary verbs, and word endings. Listen for these grammatical signals as carefully as the main content words.
Ikhadi 168
Umbuzo
Listen and Repeat — what should you do after a minor slip while speaking?
Impendulo
Continue smoothly with the sentence. A long restart can damage rhythm and cause you to lose more of the utterance.
Ikhadi 169
Umbuzo
Take an Interview — how many questions are in the updated task?
Impendulo
Four questions. They follow the seven Listen and Repeat items in the 11-item Speaking section.
Ikhadi 170
Umbuzo
Take an Interview — what kind of interaction does the task simulate?
Impendulo
An interview related to an academic or campus situation. You respond directly to questions rather than giving a memorized speech.
Ikhadi 171
Umbuzo
Take an Interview — what kinds of content may you be asked to discuss?
Impendulo
Your experiences, preferences, and opinions. Questions can also invite descriptions, explanations, suggestions, predictions, or short narratives.
Ikhadi 172
Umbuzo
Take an Interview — do you need specialized subject knowledge?
Impendulo
No. The scenarios use accessible academic or campus contexts so you can show your English, not prior expertise.
Ikhadi 173
Umbuzo
Take an Interview — what context appears before the questions?
Impendulo
A scenario introduction presented in audio and print. A schematic image, map, form, or speaker photo may also provide context.
Ikhadi 174
Umbuzo
Take an Interview — what should the first sentence of an answer do?
Impendulo
Answer the question directly. Give your choice, position, or main information before explaining it.
Ikhadi 175
Umbuzo
Take an Interview — what simple structure supports clear elaboration?
Impendulo
Answer → reason → concrete detail. This structure develops one point without turning the response into a list.
Ikhadi 176
Umbuzo
Take an Interview — how can you make an opinion answer coherent?
Impendulo
State one position and support it consistently. A clear reason matters more than mentioning several weak or conflicting ideas.
Ikhadi 177
Umbuzo
Take an Interview — what makes a personal example useful?
Impendulo
It clearly supports your answer. Keep only the context, action, and result needed to show the connection.
Ikhadi 178
Umbuzo
Take an Interview — how should you answer a suggestion or prediction question?
Impendulo
Give the suggestion or prediction first, then explain the likely result. Make the link between action and outcome explicit.
Ikhadi 179
Umbuzo
Take an Interview — which delivery qualities matter across the responses?
Impendulo
Clear speech, a natural pace, intelligible pronunciation, and coherent elaboration. Suitable vocabulary and accurate grammar support the message.
Ikhadi 180
Umbuzo
Take an Interview — what should you do if you need a moment to plan?
Impendulo
Pause briefly, choose one main point, and begin. Long silence is less useful than a simple answer you can develop clearly.
amakhadi angu-180
TOEFL iBT Flashcards: 12 Task Types, Vocabulary & Strategy
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