What is the safe response to a swollen mobile-device battery?

Power the device off, disconnect external power, and isolate it for approved battery service. Don't charge, puncture, press, or keep using the battery.

Which RAM form factor is common in serviceable laptops?

A SO-DIMM. Match its DDR generation, capacity support, and other platform requirements before installation.

What should you confirm before replacing laptop keys or a keyboard?

Confirm the model's replaceable unit and service procedure. Some keys are individually serviceable; other designs require the keyboard or full top case.

What protects data during a laptop HDD or SSD replacement?

A verified backup and migration plan. Also match the replacement drive's interface, form factor, and supported capacity.

How should tiny antenna leads be handled during wireless-card service?

Label their positions, lift each connector straight up with the proper tool, and reconnect it to the marked terminal. Pulling the wire can damage the lead.

Which built-in laptop components commonly provide physical privacy or identity checks?

Components such as fingerprint or facial-recognition hardware and near-field credential readers. Their firmware, drivers, permissions, and enrollment must all support the feature.

Why does Wi-Fi antenna placement matter after a laptop repair?

Correct routing and terminal placement preserve signal quality. A pinched cable, loose connector, or swapped main/aux lead can weaken wireless performance.

A replacement laptop camera has no image. What should you check before replacing it again?

Check its internal cable, privacy shutter or switch, firmware detection, driver, and app permission. A hardware replacement won't fix a blocked camera setting.

A built-in mobile-device microphone is silent. What should you check first?

Check the selected input, mute state, app permission, and microphone opening. Then inspect the internal connection if every app fails.

Why disconnect the internal battery before replacing laptop RAM, storage, or a display assembly?

To remove standby power from the board and reduce short-circuit risk. Follow the model's shutdown and battery-disconnection procedure.

What should guide any field replacement inside a thin mobile device?

The manufacturer's service instructions, warranty terms, and ESD precautions. Adhesives, hidden cables, and replaceable assemblies vary by model.

How do USB-C, microUSB, and miniUSB differ?

They are different connector shapes. USB-C is reversible; microUSB and miniUSB are older keyed designs, and none of the shapes alone guarantees a data speed.

What can a laptop docking station add through one host connection?

Power, displays, networking, storage, and peripheral ports. The host, dock, cable, and software must support the promised features.

What must match for a stylus to support pressure or precision input?

The stylus technology and the device's digitizer. A generic capacitive stylus may act like a finger but can't add unsupported active-pen features.

Which connector is associated with many older Apple mobile devices?

Lightning. Match the cable to the actual model because newer Apple devices may use USB-C.

How do a headset, external speaker, and webcam extend a mobile workstation?

A headset adds private audio input/output, a speaker adds room audio, and a webcam adds video input. Select each one in the app after connecting it.

How do a trackpad, drawing pad, and trackpoint differ?

A trackpad senses finger gestures, a drawing pad captures pen input, and a trackpoint moves the pointer from a small keyboard-mounted stick.

What is NFC commonly used for on a mobile device?

Very short-range exchanges such as tap-to-pay, credential reading, or quick pairing. Its short working distance supports deliberate tap-style use.

How is a port replicator different from a full docking station?

A port replicator mainly exposes additional connectors; a dock commonly adds broader capabilities such as charging, displays, or networking. Verify the product's actual feature list.

Which connection is the usual choice for nearby mobile headsets and keyboards?

Bluetooth. It provides short-range wireless accessory links with relatively low power use.

What does mobile tethering or hotspot mode do?

It shares the device's internet connection with another client, commonly over Wi-Fi, USB, or Bluetooth. The carrier plan may limit tethering or data use.

How do 3G, 4G, and 5G relate on a mobile device?

They are cellular network generations. Newer generations can offer more capacity or lower latency, but the device, SIM or eSIM, plan, coverage, and local network determine service.

What is the practical difference between a SIM and an eSIM?

A SIM is a removable identity module; an eSIM stores a carrier profile in embedded hardware. Both associate the device with cellular service.

What sequence pairs a Bluetooth accessory safely?

Enable Bluetooth, put the accessory in pairing mode, select the intended device, confirm any PIN or code, and test the connection.

How do GPS and cellular location services complement each other?

GPS derives position from satellites, while cellular and nearby-network data can speed or assist location. App permission and device settings control access.

Which radios should you check when a phone has neither local Wi-Fi nor wide-area data?

Check Wi-Fi and cellular data separately, along with airplane mode. One radio can be disabled while the other remains available.

What should you verify when adding mail to a mobile device?

Verify the account, credentials, incoming and outgoing server settings, security method, and network access. A correct password can't repair a wrong server setting.

A phone can browse on Wi-Fi but not through its hotspot. What should you check?

Check that hotspot service is enabled, cellular data works, the plan permits tethering, and the client has the correct hotspot password.

How should you test a newly configured mobile connection?

Test the intended path and service: join the correct network or carrier, verify addressing or signal, then open the required app or destination.

What does mobile device management provide?

Central enrollment, device configuration, policy enforcement, corporate-app deployment, inventory, and approved remote actions.

How do corporate-owned and BYOD management profiles usually differ?

Corporate-owned devices normally allow broader organizational control; BYOD profiles should isolate managed work data and respect the user's personal data under policy.

What should be checked when calendar, contacts, or business mail stops synchronizing?

Check connectivity, account sign-in, sync scope, device time, storage, and service status before removing the account.

Why do data caps matter to mobile synchronization?

Large mail, cloud-storage, or app sync jobs can consume metered cellular data. Choose what syncs and whether Wi-Fi is required.

When is an MDM remote wipe appropriate?

When policy authorizes removal of protected data from a lost, stolen, retired, or reassigned device. Confirm the exact device and wipe scope first.

What is the point of separating corporate apps and data on a personal phone?

It lets the organization enforce work controls and remove managed data without treating the user's whole device as corporate property.

How do TCP and UDP differ?

TCP provides connection-oriented, ordered, acknowledged delivery; UDP sends low-overhead datagrams without built-in ordering or retransmission.

Which ports are associated with classic FTP?

TCP 21 carries control traffic, and TCP 20 is the traditional active-mode data port. FTP doesn't encrypt credentials or content by itself.

Which default port does SSH use, and what does it provide?

TCP 22. SSH provides encrypted remote command-line access and related secure services.

Which default port is traditionally used for SMTP server-to-server relay?

TCP 25. Mail clients commonly submit outgoing mail through a separate authenticated service.

Which port does DNS use?

Port 53: usually UDP for ordinary queries and TCP when the response or operation requires it.

Which ports carry DHCP client and server traffic?

UDP 68 for the client and UDP 67 for the server. A new client can broadcast before it has an address.

Which ports distinguish HTTP from HTTPS?

HTTP normally uses TCP 80; HTTPS normally uses TCP 443 and protects the session with TLS.

Which default port does POP3 use without TLS?

TCP 110. POP3 commonly downloads messages rather than synchronizing server-side folders like IMAP.

Which ports are associated with NetBIOS over TCP/IP?

Ports 137–139. Name service commonly uses 137, datagram service 138, and session service TCP 139.

Which default port does LDAP use?

Port 389, commonly TCP. LDAP provides directory queries and updates; protect credentials with an approved secure configuration.

Which default port does SMB/CIFS commonly use?

TCP 445. SMB commonly carries file and printer sharing.

Which default port does RDP use?

TCP 3389. RDP provides remote graphical access to a Windows system.

Which default port does Telnet use, and why is it avoided on untrusted networks?

TCP 23. Telnet sends remote-terminal traffic without SSH's encryption.

Which default port does IMAP use without TLS?

TCP 143. IMAP keeps mailbox state and folders synchronized on the server.

How do common 802.11 families map to Wi-Fi bands?

802.11b/g use 2.4 GHz; 802.11a/ac use 5 GHz; 802.11n can use 2.4 or 5 GHz; 802.11ax can use 2.4 or 5 GHz, with Wi-Fi 6E extending it to 6 GHz.

What is the tradeoff when selecting a wider Wi-Fi channel?

A wider channel can carry more data but occupies more spectrum and may overlap more neighbors. Use a width that clients, regulations, and local conditions support.

CompTIA A+ 220-1201 & 220-1202 Flashcards: Core 1 and Core 2

Review current CompTIA A+ V15 Core 1 and Core 2 objectives with original flashcards for hardware, networking, operating systems, security, commands, and troubleshooting.

Yazan Open Study Contributor

Bu deste hakkında

CompTIA A+ 220-1201 & 220-1202 Flashcards: Core 1 and Core 2

Review the current V15 knowledge behind both CompTIA A+ exams in one 520-card package: 270 cards for Core 1 and 250 for Core 2. The deck covers mobile devices, networking, hardware, virtualization, cloud concepts, operating systems, security, commands, software support, operational procedures, and troubleshooting.

What the cards practice

The cards connect technologies, components, protocols, commands, and common acronyms with their purposes and key behavior. Separate retrieval prompts also work in the useful opposite direction: a technician task or requirement points to the right tool, setting, command, connector, or protocol. Short support scenarios ask for a likely cause, the first useful check, or the next corrective action. Ordered workflows are practiced only when the order matters on the job.

The deck does not mechanically reverse every fact or turn every source bullet into a card. It leaves out low-value acronym production, giant list prompts, unstable click paths, advanced material beyond the V15 entry-level boundary, and near-duplicate wording made only to increase the count.

Learning order

Core 1 starts with mobile hardware and connections, then builds through networking, physical hardware, virtualization, and cloud concepts before applying them to hardware and network troubleshooting. Core 2 moves from operating-system foundations into tools, commands, configuration, security, software troubleshooting, and day-to-day support operations. Inside each topic, recognition comes before selection and short diagnosis. Related forward and reverse cards are kept apart so one prompt does not give away the next.

Labs and PBQs

Flashcards are useful for recall and compact scenario decisions. They do not reproduce hands-on labs, performance-based questions, live command output, or the pressure and ambiguity of the certification exams. Use a real machine, lab environment, and lawful practice tests alongside this deck for installation, configuration, repair, and PBQ-style work.

Scope, provenance, and reuse

The live CompTIA Core 1 and Core 2 V15 pages and the current version 4.0 objective PDFs were reviewed on September 1, 2026. Both PDFs were last modified on November 25, 2025. They were used only to check the exam version, domain boundaries, weighting, and technical scope. Common technical facts are explained in original language and organized for retrieval practice. Public overview pages from three study tools were compared only for structure and learner expectations; their cards, questions, examples, explanations, and course text were not drafting input.

The Common knowledge · CC0 1.0 label applies to the deck’s original prompts, answers, organization, metadata, and generated cover to the extent applicable rights exist. It does not claim ownership of technical facts, CompTIA names, or third-party source material.

This deck is independently authored and unofficial. It is not affiliated with, endorsed by, or sponsored by CompTIA, Inc., and it uses no CompTIA logo or official trade dress.

No CompTIA exam questions, answers, performance-based questions, mark schemes, or objective wording were copied.

Current official requirements: Core 1 V15 (220-1201), Core 1 objectives PDF, Core 2 V15 (220-1202), and Core 2 objectives PDF.

Bu destedeki kartlar

Kart 1
Soru
What is the safe response to a swollen mobile-device battery?
Cevap
Power the device off, disconnect external power, and isolate it for approved battery service. Don't charge, puncture, press, or keep using the battery.
Kart 2
Soru
Which RAM form factor is common in serviceable laptops?
Cevap
A SO-DIMM. Match its DDR generation, capacity support, and other platform requirements before installation.
Kart 3
Soru
What should you confirm before replacing laptop keys or a keyboard?
Cevap
Confirm the model's replaceable unit and service procedure. Some keys are individually serviceable; other designs require the keyboard or full top case.
Kart 4
Soru
What protects data during a laptop HDD or SSD replacement?
Cevap
A verified backup and migration plan. Also match the replacement drive's interface, form factor, and supported capacity.
Kart 5
Soru
How should tiny antenna leads be handled during wireless-card service?
Cevap
Label their positions, lift each connector straight up with the proper tool, and reconnect it to the marked terminal. Pulling the wire can damage the lead.
Kart 6
Soru
Which built-in laptop components commonly provide physical privacy or identity checks?
Cevap
Components such as fingerprint or facial-recognition hardware and near-field credential readers. Their firmware, drivers, permissions, and enrollment must all support the feature.
Kart 7
Soru
Why does Wi-Fi antenna placement matter after a laptop repair?
Cevap
Correct routing and terminal placement preserve signal quality. A pinched cable, loose connector, or swapped main/aux lead can weaken wireless performance.
Kart 8
Soru
A replacement laptop camera has no image. What should you check before replacing it again?
Cevap
Check its internal cable, privacy shutter or switch, firmware detection, driver, and app permission. A hardware replacement won't fix a blocked camera setting.
Kart 9
Soru
A built-in mobile-device microphone is silent. What should you check first?
Cevap
Check the selected input, mute state, app permission, and microphone opening. Then inspect the internal connection if every app fails.
Kart 10
Soru
Why disconnect the internal battery before replacing laptop RAM, storage, or a display assembly?
Cevap
To remove standby power from the board and reduce short-circuit risk. Follow the model's shutdown and battery-disconnection procedure.
Kart 11
Soru
What should guide any field replacement inside a thin mobile device?
Cevap
The manufacturer's service instructions, warranty terms, and ESD precautions. Adhesives, hidden cables, and replaceable assemblies vary by model.
Kart 12
Soru
How do USB-C, microUSB, and miniUSB differ?
Cevap
They are different connector shapes. USB-C is reversible; microUSB and miniUSB are older keyed designs, and none of the shapes alone guarantees a data speed.
Kart 13
Soru
What can a laptop docking station add through one host connection?
Cevap
Power, displays, networking, storage, and peripheral ports. The host, dock, cable, and software must support the promised features.
Kart 14
Soru
What must match for a stylus to support pressure or precision input?
Cevap
The stylus technology and the device's digitizer. A generic capacitive stylus may act like a finger but can't add unsupported active-pen features.
Kart 15
Soru
Which connector is associated with many older Apple mobile devices?
Cevap
Lightning. Match the cable to the actual model because newer Apple devices may use USB-C.
Kart 16
Soru
How do a headset, external speaker, and webcam extend a mobile workstation?
Cevap
A headset adds private audio input/output, a speaker adds room audio, and a webcam adds video input. Select each one in the app after connecting it.
Kart 17
Soru
How do a trackpad, drawing pad, and trackpoint differ?
Cevap
A trackpad senses finger gestures, a drawing pad captures pen input, and a trackpoint moves the pointer from a small keyboard-mounted stick.
Kart 18
Soru
What is NFC commonly used for on a mobile device?
Cevap
Very short-range exchanges such as tap-to-pay, credential reading, or quick pairing. Its short working distance supports deliberate tap-style use.
Kart 19
Soru
How is a port replicator different from a full docking station?
Cevap
A port replicator mainly exposes additional connectors; a dock commonly adds broader capabilities such as charging, displays, or networking. Verify the product's actual feature list.
Kart 20
Soru
Which connection is the usual choice for nearby mobile headsets and keyboards?
Cevap
Bluetooth. It provides short-range wireless accessory links with relatively low power use.
Kart 21
Soru
What does mobile tethering or hotspot mode do?
Cevap
It shares the device's internet connection with another client, commonly over Wi-Fi, USB, or Bluetooth. The carrier plan may limit tethering or data use.
Kart 22
Soru
How do 3G, 4G, and 5G relate on a mobile device?
Cevap
They are cellular network generations. Newer generations can offer more capacity or lower latency, but the device, SIM or eSIM, plan, coverage, and local network determine service.
Kart 23
Soru
What is the practical difference between a SIM and an eSIM?
Cevap
A SIM is a removable identity module; an eSIM stores a carrier profile in embedded hardware. Both associate the device with cellular service.
Kart 24
Soru
What sequence pairs a Bluetooth accessory safely?
Cevap
Enable Bluetooth, put the accessory in pairing mode, select the intended device, confirm any PIN or code, and test the connection.
Kart 25
Soru
How do GPS and cellular location services complement each other?
Cevap
GPS derives position from satellites, while cellular and nearby-network data can speed or assist location. App permission and device settings control access.
Kart 26
Soru
Which radios should you check when a phone has neither local Wi-Fi nor wide-area data?
Cevap
Check Wi-Fi and cellular data separately, along with airplane mode. One radio can be disabled while the other remains available.
Kart 27
Soru
What should you verify when adding mail to a mobile device?
Cevap
Verify the account, credentials, incoming and outgoing server settings, security method, and network access. A correct password can't repair a wrong server setting.
Kart 28
Soru
A phone can browse on Wi-Fi but not through its hotspot. What should you check?
Cevap
Check that hotspot service is enabled, cellular data works, the plan permits tethering, and the client has the correct hotspot password.
Kart 29
Soru
How should you test a newly configured mobile connection?
Cevap
Test the intended path and service: join the correct network or carrier, verify addressing or signal, then open the required app or destination.
Kart 30
Soru
What does mobile device management provide?
Cevap
Central enrollment, device configuration, policy enforcement, corporate-app deployment, inventory, and approved remote actions.
Kart 31
Soru
How do corporate-owned and BYOD management profiles usually differ?
Cevap
Corporate-owned devices normally allow broader organizational control; BYOD profiles should isolate managed work data and respect the user's personal data under policy.
Kart 32
Soru
What should be checked when calendar, contacts, or business mail stops synchronizing?
Cevap
Check connectivity, account sign-in, sync scope, device time, storage, and service status before removing the account.
Kart 33
Soru
Why do data caps matter to mobile synchronization?
Cevap
Large mail, cloud-storage, or app sync jobs can consume metered cellular data. Choose what syncs and whether Wi-Fi is required.
Kart 34
Soru
When is an MDM remote wipe appropriate?
Cevap
When policy authorizes removal of protected data from a lost, stolen, retired, or reassigned device. Confirm the exact device and wipe scope first.
Kart 35
Soru
What is the point of separating corporate apps and data on a personal phone?
Cevap
It lets the organization enforce work controls and remove managed data without treating the user's whole device as corporate property.
Kart 36
Soru
How do TCP and UDP differ?
Cevap
TCP provides connection-oriented, ordered, acknowledged delivery; UDP sends low-overhead datagrams without built-in ordering or retransmission.
Kart 37
Soru
Which ports are associated with classic FTP?
Cevap
TCP 21 carries control traffic, and TCP 20 is the traditional active-mode data port. FTP doesn't encrypt credentials or content by itself.
Kart 38
Soru
Which default port does SSH use, and what does it provide?
Cevap
TCP 22. SSH provides encrypted remote command-line access and related secure services.
Kart 39
Soru
Which default port is traditionally used for SMTP server-to-server relay?
Cevap
TCP 25. Mail clients commonly submit outgoing mail through a separate authenticated service.
Kart 40
Soru
Which port does DNS use?
Cevap
Port 53: usually UDP for ordinary queries and TCP when the response or operation requires it.
Kart 41
Soru
Which ports carry DHCP client and server traffic?
Cevap
UDP 68 for the client and UDP 67 for the server. A new client can broadcast before it has an address.
Kart 42
Soru
Which ports distinguish HTTP from HTTPS?
Cevap
HTTP normally uses TCP 80; HTTPS normally uses TCP 443 and protects the session with TLS.
Kart 43
Soru
Which default port does POP3 use without TLS?
Cevap
TCP 110. POP3 commonly downloads messages rather than synchronizing server-side folders like IMAP.
Kart 44
Soru
Which ports are associated with NetBIOS over TCP/IP?
Cevap
Ports 137–139. Name service commonly uses 137, datagram service 138, and session service TCP 139.
Kart 45
Soru
Which default port does LDAP use?
Cevap
Port 389, commonly TCP. LDAP provides directory queries and updates; protect credentials with an approved secure configuration.
Kart 46
Soru
Which default port does SMB/CIFS commonly use?
Cevap
TCP 445. SMB commonly carries file and printer sharing.
Kart 47
Soru
Which default port does RDP use?
Cevap
TCP 3389. RDP provides remote graphical access to a Windows system.
Kart 48
Soru
Which default port does Telnet use, and why is it avoided on untrusted networks?
Cevap
TCP 23. Telnet sends remote-terminal traffic without SSH's encryption.
Kart 49
Soru
Which default port does IMAP use without TLS?
Cevap
TCP 143. IMAP keeps mailbox state and folders synchronized on the server.
Kart 50
Soru
How do common 802.11 families map to Wi-Fi bands?
Cevap
802.11b/g use 2.4 GHz; 802.11a/ac use 5 GHz; 802.11n can use 2.4 or 5 GHz; 802.11ax can use 2.4 or 5 GHz, with Wi-Fi 6E extending it to 6 GHz.
Kart 51
Soru
What is the tradeoff when selecting a wider Wi-Fi channel?
Cevap
A wider channel can carry more data but occupies more spectrum and may overlap more neighbors. Use a width that clients, regulations, and local conditions support.
Kart 52
Soru
What networking role does Bluetooth fill?
Cevap
Short-range personal-area links for accessories and nearby devices. It trades range and throughput for convenience and relatively low power use.
Kart 53
Soru
How do the 2.4, 5, and 6 GHz Wi-Fi bands generally differ?
Cevap
2.4 GHz usually reaches farther but is crowded; 5 GHz offers more capacity with less wall penetration; 6 GHz adds clean spectrum for compatible devices but typically has the shortest reach.
Kart 54
Soru
How does NFC differ from general-purpose Wi-Fi?
Cevap
NFC handles deliberate, very short-range exchanges; Wi-Fi provides a longer-range network connection with much higher throughput.
Kart 55
Soru
What should guide Wi-Fi channel selection?
Cevap
Local regulations, a spectrum or Wi-Fi survey, channel width, band support, interference, and neighboring use. Choose from measured conditions, then retest where users work.
Kart 56
Soru
What is RFID used for?
Cevap
Identifying or tracking tagged objects by radio. Readers can work with passive or powered tags at ranges set by the RFID system.
Kart 57
Soru
What distinguishes Wi-Fi 6E from ordinary Wi-Fi 6 operation?
Cevap
Wi-Fi 6E permits compatible 802.11ax devices to use the 6 GHz band. Both the client and access point must support that band.
Kart 58
Soru
How do DNS and DHCP server roles differ?
Cevap
DNS resolves names to records; DHCP leases IP configuration such as an address, mask, gateway, and DNS servers.
Kart 59
Soru
How do file and print servers centralize shared resources?
Cevap
A file server hosts shared data and permissions; a print server manages printer queues, drivers, and access.
Kart 60
Soru
How do mail and web servers differ?
Cevap
A mail server transfers or stores messages; a web server returns site or application content over HTTP or HTTPS.
Kart 61
Soru
Why would a network use both syslog and NTP servers?
Cevap
Syslog centralizes event messages, while NTP aligns device clocks so those events have comparable timestamps.
Kart 62
Soru
How do AAA and database servers differ?
Cevap
An AAA server handles authentication, authorization, and accounting; a database server stores and queries structured application data.
Kart 63
Soru
How do a spam gateway and a proxy serve different traffic?
Cevap
A spam gateway filters mail flow; a proxy relays client requests and may enforce filtering, logging, or caching for supported services.
Kart 64
Soru
How do a UTM appliance and a load balancer differ?
Cevap
A UTM combines gateway security controls; a load balancer distributes requests across service instances for capacity or availability.
Kart 65
Soru
Why do legacy and embedded network systems need cautious support planning?
Cevap
They may have fixed software, limited interfaces, or long service lives. Isolate them, preserve required compatibility, and change them only within vendor and operational constraints.
Kart 66
Soru
What does SCADA monitor or control?
Cevap
Industrial processes and equipment. Availability and physical safety requirements belong in every support decision.
Kart 67
Soru
Why are IoT devices often placed on a separate network?
Cevap
Segmentation limits what an outdated or compromised device can reach and makes its traffic easier to manage.
Kart 68
Soru
Match DNS A, AAAA, CNAME, and MX records to their jobs.
Cevap
A maps a hostname to IPv4, AAAA maps it to IPv6, CNAME aliases one hostname to another, and MX identifies a domain's mail exchangers.
Kart 69
Soru
How do a DHCP scope and exclusion differ?
Cevap
The scope defines the address pool and options DHCP can offer; an exclusion removes selected addresses from automatic leasing.
Kart 70
Soru
What does a VLAN create on switched infrastructure?
Cevap
A logical Layer 2 broadcast domain. It separates traffic without requiring a different physical switch for every segment.
Kart 71
Soru
What does a VPN protect?
Cevap
Traffic across an untrusted network by creating an authenticated encrypted tunnel. Endpoint security and resource permissions still matter.
Kart 72
Soru
How do DNS TXT records support SPF, DKIM, and DMARC?
Cevap
TXT records publish mail-policy data: SPF lists authorized senders, DKIM exposes keys for signature checks, and DMARC sets alignment policy and reporting.
Kart 73
Soru
How do a DHCP lease and reservation differ?
Cevap
A lease is a time-limited address assignment; a reservation consistently offers a chosen address to a specific client, usually by MAC address.
Kart 74
Soru
How do access and trunk switch ports handle VLANs?
Cevap
An access port normally carries one endpoint VLAN; a trunk carries tagged traffic for multiple VLANs.
Kart 75
Soru
When would you choose a site-to-site VPN instead of a client VPN?
Cevap
Choose site-to-site for a persistent protected link between networks; choose a client VPN for an individual endpoint connecting remotely.
Kart 76
Soru
How do routers and Ethernet switches differ?
Cevap
A router forwards packets between IP networks; a switch forwards local frames using learned MAC-address locations.
Kart 77
Soru
What does a wireless access point do?
Cevap
It bridges compatible wireless clients onto a wired LAN. Routing, DHCP, and internet access may come from other devices.
Kart 78
Soru
What is a patch panel's role?
Cevap
It passively terminates and organizes permanent cable runs. Patch cords connect those runs to active equipment such as switches.
Kart 79
Soru
What is a firewall's core job?
Cevap
It permits or blocks traffic according to security rules. Logs help explain why expected traffic was accepted or denied.
Kart 80
Soru
How do managed and unmanaged switches differ?
Cevap
A managed switch exposes configuration and monitoring such as VLANs; an unmanaged switch provides basic switching with little or no administration.
Kart 81
Soru
How can PoE be supplied, and what must match?
Cevap
A PoE switch or injector can supply it. The source standard, powered device, cable, per-port state, and total power budget must be compatible.
Kart 82
Soru
Match cable modem, DSL modem, ONT, and NIC to their access roles.
Cevap
Cable and DSL modems terminate coax and telephone-copper services; an ONT terminates provider fiber; a NIC connects the host and carries its physical MAC address.
Kart 83
Soru
How do private and public IPv4 addresses differ?
Cevap
Private ranges are used inside networks and aren't routed on the public internet; a public address is globally routable when assigned. NAT often translates between them.
Kart 84
Soru
What does a 169.254.x.x IPv4 address usually indicate?
Cevap
APIPA self-assignment after the host failed to obtain DHCP configuration. Check the link and path to DHCP.
Kart 85
Soru
When should a SOHO device use static rather than dynamic IP configuration?
Cevap
Use static or reserved addressing when a predictable endpoint is required; use DHCP for ordinary clients that can accept leased settings.
Kart 86
Soru
What does an IPv4 subnet mask tell a host?
Cevap
Which address bits identify the local network. The host uses it to decide whether to send directly or through a gateway.
Kart 87
Soru
How does IPv6 addressing differ from IPv4 addressing?
Cevap
IPv6 uses 128-bit hexadecimal addresses; IPv4 uses 32-bit dotted-decimal addresses. Both still require correct local and routing configuration.
Kart 88
Soru
What does a default gateway provide?
Cevap
The next hop for destinations outside the local subnet. It is normally the local router interface for that network.
Kart 89
Soru
How do fiber, cable, and DSL internet access differ?
Cevap
Fiber carries light and offers high capacity; cable uses a shared coax access network; DSL carries broadband over telephone copper and depends strongly on line distance and quality.
Kart 90
Soru
How do PAN, LAN, and WLAN differ?
Cevap
A PAN links one person's nearby devices, a LAN serves a local site, and a WLAN is the wireless form of a local-area network.
Kart 91
Soru
When are cellular, WISP, and satellite internet useful?
Cevap
Cellular uses mobile coverage, a WISP uses a terrestrial provider radio link, and satellite reaches beyond many ground networks. Signal, latency, limits, and availability guide the choice.
Kart 92
Soru
How do MAN and WAN scopes differ?
Cevap
A MAN links sites across a city or metropolitan area; a WAN spans larger geographic distances and joins multiple networks.
Kart 93
Soru
What is a storage area network?
Cevap
A SAN is a dedicated network that presents shared block storage to servers. It is different from an ordinary user LAN or file share.
Kart 94
Soru
Which tools prepare and terminate a modular copper cable?
Cevap
A cable stripper removes the jacket; a crimper attaches a compatible modular plug. Use the intended pinout, then test the cable.
Kart 95
Soru
How do a punchdown tool and cable tester support a permanent cable run?
Cevap
The punchdown tool seats conductors into an IDC block; the tester checks continuity and wire-map faults after termination.
Kart 96
Soru
How do a toner probe and loopback plug answer different network questions?
Cevap
A tone generator and probe identify a cable's far end; a loopback plug tests whether a port can transmit and receive through its own interface.
Kart 97
Soru
How do a Wi-Fi analyzer and network tap differ?
Cevap
A Wi-Fi analyzer measures nearby wireless networks and channels; a network tap exposes a link's traffic to monitoring equipment without becoming the endpoint.
Kart 98
Soru
How do IPS, TN, and VA LCD panels generally differ?
Cevap
IPS favors color consistency and viewing angles, TN favors fast response at low cost, and VA favors contrast. Actual panel quality still varies.
Kart 99
Soru
How do OLED and Mini-LED displays produce light?
Cevap
OLED pixels emit their own light; Mini-LED is an LCD that uses many small backlight zones. OLED can show deep blacks, while Mini-LED can reach high brightness without organic pixels.
Kart 100
Soru
What does a touchscreen digitizer do?
Cevap
It detects touch or compatible stylus position. The display creates the image; the digitizer reports input coordinates.
Kart 101
Soru
What does an inverter do in an older LCD backlight system?
Cevap
It converts power for the fluorescent backlight. Modern LED-backlit panels use different driver electronics.
Kart 102
Soru
How do screen resolution and pixel density differ?
Cevap
Resolution is the number of addressable pixels; pixel density is how tightly those pixels fit in a physical area. Both affect perceived detail.
Kart 103
Soru
What do refresh rate and color gamut describe?
Cevap
Refresh rate is how often the image can update each second; color gamut is the range of colors the display can reproduce.
Kart 104
Soru
How do Cat 5e, Cat 6, and Cat 6A Ethernet cable capabilities compare?
Cevap
Cat 5e commonly supports 1 Gb/s to 100 m; Cat 6 improves noise performance and can support 10 Gb/s on shorter runs; Cat 6A is designed for 10 Gb/s to 100 m.
Kart 105
Soru
How do HDMI and DisplayPort fit typical display setups?
Cevap
Both carry digital video and audio. HDMI is common on TVs and consumer equipment; DisplayPort is common on PCs and monitors, with features set by the negotiated versions.
Kart 106
Soru
What is the practical difference between T568A and T568B terminations?
Cevap
They place the green and orange pairs in different pin positions. Use one recognized scheme consistently at both plug and punchdown-block terminations for a normal straight-through run.
Kart 107
Soru
Which cable ratings suit EMI, outdoor burial, and air-handling spaces?
Cevap
Unshielded twisted pair suits ordinary low-interference runs, shielded twisted pair helps with EMI, direct-burial cable resists outdoor moisture, and plenum-rated cable limits flame spread and smoke in plenum spaces.
Kart 108
Soru
Match RJ11, RJ45, and F-type connectors to common cabling.
Cevap
RJ11 is commonly used for telephone wiring, the 8P8C connector called RJ45 for twisted-pair Ethernet, and F-type for threaded coax connections.
Kart 109
Soru
How do DVI and VGA differ?
Cevap
DVI variants may carry digital video, analog video, or both; VGA carries analog video through a 15-pin D-sub connector.
Kart 110
Soru
How do single-mode and multimode fiber differ, and which connectors may terminate them?
Cevap
Single-mode uses a small core for long links; multimode uses a larger core for shorter links. ST, SC, and LC are connector styles that must match the link hardware and fiber type.
Kart 111
Soru
What should you infer from USB 2.0, USB 3.x, microUSB, miniUSB, USB-C, and Lightning labels?
Cevap
USB 2.0 and 3.x describe protocol capabilities. MicroUSB, miniUSB, and USB-C are USB connector families; Lightning is a separate Apple connector. Plug shape alone doesn't guarantee speed or video support.
Kart 112
Soru
How do SATA, eSATA, and Molex relate to storage connections?
Cevap
SATA carries internal drive data, eSATA extends SATA to an external connector, and a Molex plug is a legacy power connector. Data and power paths are separate.
Kart 113
Soru
Which legacy peripheral link commonly uses a DB9 connector?
Cevap
A serial connection such as RS-232. It sends data sequentially and is still used for some console and industrial equipment.
Kart 114
Soru
When does a cable adapter need active electronics?
Cevap
When the source and destination use different signaling, not just different plug shapes. A passive adapter only changes compatible wiring; an active adapter converts the signal.
Kart 115
Soru
Where are DIMM and SO-DIMM modules normally used?
Cevap
Full-size DIMMs normally fit desktop or server boards; shorter SO-DIMMs fit many laptops and compact systems.
Kart 116
Soru
Why doesn't every USB-C cable provide Thunderbolt or display output?
Cevap
USB-C names the connector. Thunderbolt, USB speed, charging level, and video alternate modes require matching support from the port, cable, and device.
Kart 117
Soru
Can one DDR memory generation be installed in another generation's slot?
Cevap
No. DDR generations use different electrical designs and keying, so the module must match the motherboard.
Kart 118
Soru
How does ECC RAM differ from non-ECC RAM?
Cevap
ECC can detect and correct certain memory errors; non-ECC lacks that protection. The CPU and motherboard must support ECC.
Kart 119
Soru
What does a dual- or multi-channel memory configuration require?
Cevap
Compatible modules installed in the motherboard's paired channel slots. The board manual identifies the correct population order.
Kart 120
Soru
What happens when compatible RAM modules have different rated speeds?
Cevap
They normally operate at a mutually supported speed, often the slower module's rate. Platform and firmware limits can reduce it further.
Kart 121
Soru
What limits a system's usable RAM capacity?
Cevap
The CPU memory controller, motherboard, firmware, operating system, and supported module layout. Check the platform documentation before buying modules.
Kart 122
Soru
How do RAID 0 and RAID 1 trade capacity for protection?
Cevap
RAID 0 stripes data for capacity and performance but has no redundancy; RAID 1 mirrors data and can survive one member failure.
Kart 123
Soru
How do 2.5-inch and 3.5-inch HDDs, spindle speed, and workload affect a drive choice?
Cevap
The bay and interface must fit the form factor; faster spindle speed can improve access but adds heat, noise, and power use. Workload and capacity still matter.
Kart 124
Soru
How do SATA SSDs and NVMe SSDs communicate?
Cevap
A SATA SSD uses the SATA storage interface; an NVMe SSD uses PCIe for lower-latency flash access. The slot and firmware must support the selected signaling.
Kart 125
Soru
Which removable media suit portable files, camera storage, and optical archives?
Cevap
USB flash drives suit general transfers, memory cards suit compact devices such as cameras, and optical discs require a drive that supports the disc format.
Kart 126
Soru
How do RAID 5 and RAID 6 differ?
Cevap
RAID 5 needs at least three drives and tolerates one member failure; RAID 6 needs at least four and uses dual parity to tolerate two.
Kart 127
Soru
What distinguishes SAS from SATA storage?
Cevap
SAS is an enterprise-oriented serial SCSI interface with features such as dual-port support; SATA is common in client storage. The drive and controller interface must match.
Kart 128
Soru
How do M.2 and mSATA differ?
Cevap
M.2 is a keyed form-factor family that may carry SATA or PCIe/NVMe; mSATA is an older compact form factor that carries SATA signaling.
Kart 129
Soru
When is an SSD preferable to an HDD?
Cevap
Choose an SSD for low-latency, shock-resistant storage; choose an HDD when low-cost bulk capacity matters more. Neither removes the need for backup.
Kart 130
Soru
How do ATX, microATX, and Mini-ITX motherboard form factors affect a build?
Cevap
They differ in board size, mounting layout, and typical expansion capacity. The case, power supply, and required slots must fit the board.
Kart 131
Soru
Match common motherboard connectors to their jobs.
Cevap
PCI and PCIe host expansion cards; SATA and eSATA carry storage data; M.2 hosts compact devices; headers connect case features; power connectors feed the board and CPU.
Kart 132
Soru
What does RAID 10 provide?
Cevap
Striping across mirrored pairs, normally using at least four drives. It combines performance with redundancy, but surviving multiple failures depends on which members fail.
Kart 133
Soru
What must match before installing an AMD or Intel CPU?
Cevap
The CPU socket, chipset, firmware, and thermal design must support that exact processor. Multisocket boards also require a supported processor combination.
Kart 134
Soru
Which UEFI settings commonly control startup and hardware access?
Cevap
Boot order, removable-media boot, USB permissions, fan behavior, temperature monitoring, and virtualization support. Change only the setting required for the task.
Kart 135
Soru
How do Secure Boot, a boot password, and a firmware setup password differ?
Cevap
Secure Boot verifies trusted boot software; a boot password challenges startup; a setup password restricts firmware changes.
Kart 136
Soru
How do x86, x64, and ARM CPU architectures affect compatibility?
Cevap
They use different instruction-set families; x86 is 32-bit, x64 extends that family to 64-bit, and ARM uses a RISC design. The OS and applications need compatible builds.
Kart 137
Soru
What does adding CPU cores improve?
Cevap
Parallel work when software can use the cores. Architecture, clock speed, cooling, memory, and workload still shape performance.
Kart 138
Soru
Match sound, video, capture, and network expansion cards to their jobs.
Cevap
Sound cards handle audio I/O, video cards render graphics, capture cards ingest external media signals, and NICs add network connectivity.
Kart 139
Soru
How do a TPM and HSM support encryption differently?
Cevap
A TPM is a system security chip for protected keys and platform measurements; an HSM is a dedicated device or service for controlled cryptographic key operations.
Kart 140
Soru
How do fans and heat sinks work together?
Cevap
A heat sink spreads component heat across fins; fans move air across those fins and through the case.
Kart 141
Soru
Why are thermal paste or pads placed between a chip and cooler?
Cevap
They fill microscopic gaps so heat transfers efficiently. Use the specified material and amount.
Kart 142
Soru
What extra components does liquid CPU cooling add to diagnosis?
Cevap
A pump, coolant path, radiator, fans, tubing, and seals. Verify mounting, flow, airflow, and leaks.
Kart 143
Soru
What hardware and firmware support may a hypervisor require?
Cevap
A compatible CPU virtualization feature enabled in UEFI, plus enough memory, storage, networking, and security controls for its guests.
Kart 144
Soru
What must be checked when a PSU can receive 110–120 VAC or 220–240 VAC?
Cevap
Its input range and selector behavior. Use the local mains range and never guess with a manual voltage switch.
Kart 145
Soru
What do the 3.3 V, 5 V, and 12 V PSU rails typically power?
Cevap
They supply different component circuits: 3.3 V and 5 V serve logic and peripherals, while 12 V commonly feeds CPU/GPU regulators, motors, and fans.
Kart 146
Soru
What does a 20+4-pin ATX connector power?
Cevap
The motherboard's main input. The CPU normally needs a separate 4- or 8-pin EPS-style connection.
Kart 147
Soru
How should PSU wattage be chosen?
Cevap
Add the system's realistic peak demand and sensible headroom, then confirm connector, rail, and quality requirements. A large wattage label alone doesn't prove suitability.
Kart 148
Soru
What is the advantage and main caution of a modular PSU?
Cevap
Detachable cables reduce clutter, but only cables approved for that exact PSU should be used. Modular pinouts aren't universally interchangeable.
Kart 149
Soru
What does a redundant power supply provide?
Cevap
Two or more power modules so one can fail without immediately stopping the system. Redundancy still needs correct capacity and monitoring.
Kart 150
Soru
Why does PSU efficiency matter?
Cevap
Higher efficiency wastes less input power as heat at a given load. Efficiency certification doesn't replace checks for electrical quality, capacity, or connectors.
Kart 151
Soru
How does a laser printer create and fix an image?
Cevap
It forms an electrostatic image, applies toner, and bonds the toner with a heated fuser. Toner, drum, transfer, and fuser parts all affect output.
Kart 152
Soru
What should be checked when unboxing and placing a multifunction printer?
Cevap
Remove shipping locks, allow service clearance and ventilation, match power and network access, load supported media, and choose a stable location.
Kart 153
Soru
How do PCL and PostScript printer drivers differ?
Cevap
PCL is common for fast office output and can vary by device; PostScript describes pages in a device-independent way that suits complex graphics. Use the printer's supported driver.
Kart 154
Soru
What should be verified when choosing USB, Ethernet, or Wi-Fi for a printer?
Cevap
Verify the intended users, cable or signal path, addressing, security, firmware, and driver support. USB serves a local host; network links serve reachable clients.
Kart 155
Soru
Which parts and maintenance tasks are typical for an inkjet printer?
Cevap
Ink cartridges, printheads, pickup rollers, and feeders. Clean or align printheads, replace approved cartridges, clear jams, and service feed parts as needed.
Kart 156
Soru
How do printer sharing and a print server differ?
Cevap
A printer share exposes a queue from a host; a print server centralizes queues, drivers, permissions, and management for many clients.
Kart 157
Soru
Which settings commonly change a print job's physical output?
Cevap
Duplex, portrait or landscape orientation, paper tray and size, and quality. The application, driver, and device settings must agree.
Kart 158
Soru
Which controls protect a public or shared printer?
Cevap
User authentication or badging, secure print release, appropriate permissions, and audit logs. They reduce abandoned sensitive output and trace approved use.
Kart 159
Soru
How does a direct thermal printer work and what maintenance does it need?
Cevap
Heat darkens special thermal paper. Replace the paper correctly, clean the heating element and feed path, and remove debris.
Kart 160
Soru
Where can a network multifunction device send scans?
Cevap
Common destinations are email, an SMB file share, or an approved cloud service. Configure credentials, permissions, addressing, and encryption for the destination.
Kart 161
Soru
When should you use an ADF instead of a flatbed scanner?
Cevap
Use the automatic document feeder for stacks of loose pages; use the flatbed for fragile, bound, thick, or single originals.
Kart 162
Soru
What does printer calibration correct?
Cevap
Placement, density, alignment, or color registration. Run the maker's procedure after relevant part or image-quality changes.
Kart 163
Soru
Why does an impact printer suit multipart forms?
Cevap
Pins strike an inked ribbon and physically transfer the mark through layered paper. The mechanism is noisy but can mark multiple copies.
Kart 164
Soru
What does a laser-printer maintenance kit commonly refresh?
Cevap
Wear parts such as rollers and the fuser, as defined for that model. Replace depleted toner, install the kit at its service interval, calibrate when output shifts, and clean only through approved paths.
Kart 165
Soru
How do inkjet feed and printhead maintenance address different faults?
Cevap
Roller and feeder service fixes paper movement; printhead cleaning or alignment fixes missing or misplaced ink. Use the symptom to choose the maintenance.
Kart 166
Soru
What is a virtual machine?
Cevap
A software-defined computer with virtual CPU, memory, storage, and devices that runs a guest operating system on a host.
Kart 167
Soru
Where does a Type 1 hypervisor run?
Cevap
Directly on the host hardware. This bare-metal design is common in servers and virtualization platforms.
Kart 168
Soru
Why use a VM as a sandbox or test environment?
Cevap
It isolates a disposable environment from the main workload and makes repeatable testing easier. Isolation reduces risk but doesn't make untrusted code harmless.
Kart 169
Soru
Which VM resources must be sized against real host capacity?
Cevap
vCPU, memory, storage space, and I/O. Overcommitting them can make several guests compete for the same hardware.
Kart 170
Soru
What does application virtualization do?
Cevap
It packages, streams, or isolates an application from the base installation. It can simplify delivery or preserve some legacy applications without virtualizing a whole desktop.
Kart 171
Soru
Where does a Type 2 hypervisor run?
Cevap
As an application on a host operating system. It is convenient for desktop labs, testing, and occasional guests.
Kart 172
Soru
Which security layers need attention on a virtualization host?
Cevap
The host, hypervisor, management access, guest OSs, virtual networks, and images. Patch and isolate each layer according to its role.
Kart 173
Soru
What must be planned for VM networking?
Cevap
Addressing, virtual switch or NAT mode, segmentation, bandwidth, and access controls. A guest still needs a deliberate path to required services.
Kart 174
Soru
What does VDI deliver?
Cevap
Centrally hosted desktop sessions to remote clients. Compute and management stay in the data center or cloud rather than on each endpoint.
Kart 175
Soru
What must be planned for VM storage?
Cevap
Capacity, performance, snapshots, backup, and failure location. A snapshot on the same datastore isn't a complete backup.
Kart 176
Soru
How does a container differ from a typical VM?
Cevap
A container isolates an application while sharing the host kernel; a VM normally includes a full guest operating system.
Kart 177
Soru
How can virtualization support legacy or cross-platform workloads?
Cevap
A compatible guest OS or virtualized application layer can preserve the required environment. CPU architecture, licenses, drivers, and hardware access still constrain compatibility.
Kart 178
Soru
What does a container image provide?
Cevap
A repeatable application filesystem and configuration used to start containers. Running containers add temporary writable state unless storage is attached.
Kart 179
Soru
A virtualization option is unavailable. What should you verify?
Cevap
Verify CPU and platform support, then enable the required virtualization feature in UEFI if policy allows. Also confirm that another hypervisor hasn't claimed it.
Kart 180
Soru
What defines a public cloud?
Cevap
It is offered for open use by the general public and operated by a cloud provider. Its resources may be shared or dedicated, depending on the service.
Kart 181
Soru
What does IaaS provide?
Cevap
Cloud compute, networking, and storage infrastructure. The customer usually manages the operating system, applications, identities, and data.
Kart 182
Soru
What is cloud elasticity?
Cevap
The ability to add or remove resources as demand changes, automatically or on request.
Kart 183
Soru
What does metered cloud utilization measure?
Cevap
Consumed resources such as compute time, storage, requests, or transferred data for reporting, limits, and billing.
Kart 184
Soru
What defines a private cloud?
Cevap
Cloud infrastructure reserved for one organization. It can run on-site or be hosted and operated by a provider.
Kart 185
Soru
What does SaaS provide?
Cevap
A complete provider-run application accessed as a service. The customer mainly manages users, settings, and data.
Kart 186
Soru
How do shared and dedicated cloud resources differ?
Cevap
Shared resources serve multiple customers with logical isolation; dedicated resources are reserved for one customer. Either can appear in a provider's public-cloud offering.
Kart 187
Soru
What is high availability designed to reduce?
Cevap
Service downtime from component or location failure through redundancy and failover.
Kart 188
Soru
What is a hybrid cloud?
Cevap
A coordinated use of private-cloud and public-cloud environments, with workloads or data placed where their requirements fit.
Kart 189
Soru
What does PaaS provide?
Cevap
A managed application platform and runtime. Developers deploy code while the provider manages more of the operating system and infrastructure.
Kart 190
Soru
What do cloud ingress and egress mean?
Cevap
Ingress is data entering the cloud service; egress is data leaving it. Providers often meter them differently, and egress can create a notable cost.
Kart 191
Soru
What does cloud multitenancy mean?
Cevap
Multiple customers use provider infrastructure while their workloads and data remain logically isolated.
Kart 192
Soru
What is a community cloud?
Cevap
Cloud infrastructure reserved for organizations with shared requirements, such as a sector or policy need, rather than for unrestricted public use.
Kart 193
Soru
What does FaaS run?
Cevap
Event-triggered functions without the customer managing servers directly. The provider manages the execution environment and scaling mechanics.
Kart 194
Soru
Does using a cloud service remove the customer's security duties?
Cevap
No. Responsibility is shared: the provider protects its service layers, while the customer still manages assigned areas such as identities, settings, applications, and data.
Kart 195
Soru
What can happen when two offline devices edit the same cloud-synchronized file?
Cevap
A synchronization conflict. Preserve both versions, let sync finish, compare the changes, and keep the intended content.
Kart 196
Soru
A PC stops at POST with a beep or status-light pattern. What should you do next?
Cevap
Look up the exact pattern in the system or motherboard service documentation, then test the indicated component.
Kart 197
Soru
A desktop shows no lights or fan movement. Where should power diagnosis start?
Cevap
At the outlet, power strip, cord, PSU input switch, and main internal power connections. Move from the source inward.
Kart 198
Soru
A PC shows a proprietary crash screen. What evidence should you collect first?
Cevap
Record the stop code and recent hardware changes, then check memory, storage, drivers, temperature, and logs indicated by that code.
Kart 199
Soru
A PC powers on but the screen stays blank. What hardware checks come first?
Cevap
Check display power and input, video cabling, GPU seating or power, and whether POST completes. Test one known-good display path at a time.
Kart 200
Soru
A computer is sluggish under ordinary work. Which hardware conditions should you check?
Cevap
Check temperature and throttling, RAM pressure, storage health and free space, CPU load, and background I/O before replacing parts.
Kart 201
Soru
A PC becomes unstable as CPU temperature rises. What should you inspect?
Cevap
Inspect fan operation, heat-sink mounting, thermal material, dust, filters, and case airflow. The CPU may throttle or shut down to protect itself.
Kart 202
Soru
You smell burning from a powered computer. What is the immediate action?
Cevap
Shut it down and disconnect power. Don't keep testing until the damaged power or board component has been safely identified.
Kart 203
Soru
A PC shuts down randomly only during heavy GPU work. What should you test?
Cevap
Test PSU capacity and condition, GPU power leads, temperature, and event logs. Peak load can expose weak power or cooling.
Kart 204
Soru
Applications crash randomly after new RAM is installed. What should you do?
Cevap
Verify compatibility and slot placement, reseat the modules, and run a memory diagnostic. Test modules separately if needed.
Kart 205
Soru
A computer develops an unusual fan or grinding noise. What should you inspect?
Cevap
Inspect fans, cables, pumps, drives, dust, and mounting points while the system is safely powered down when contact is possible.
Kart 206
Soru
What should you do after finding a swollen motherboard capacitor?
Cevap
Disconnect power and replace the failed board or arrange qualified component service. Don't keep operating a board with a visibly failing capacitor.
Kart 207
Soru
A PC loses its date and time whenever it is unplugged. What is the likely cause?
Cevap
A weak motherboard coin-cell battery. Replace it with the specified type and restore any lost firmware settings.
Kart 208
Soru
Firmware reports less RAM than is installed. What is the first corrective step?
Cevap
Power down, follow ESD precautions, and reseat the modules in the recommended slots. Then test compatibility, sticks, and slots methodically.
Kart 209
Soru
A newly installed CPU isn't recognized even though it fits the socket. What should you verify?
Cevap
Verify chipset and firmware support, CPU power, contact condition, seating, and cooling. Physical fit alone doesn't prove compatibility.
Kart 210
Soru
How can you isolate a motherboard, CPU, RAM, or PSU no-POST fault?
Cevap
Reduce the system to minimum required hardware, confirm known-good power, and add components back one at a time.
Kart 211
Soru
A storage controller shows a warning LED or audible alarm. What should you do first?
Cevap
Read the controller's exact status, preserve a current backup, and identify the affected drive or array before replacing anything.
Kart 212
Soru
A hard drive clicks or grinds while reads fail. What should you prioritize?
Cevap
Stop unnecessary activity, preserve recoverable data, and replace the drive. Repeated testing can worsen a mechanical failure.
Kart 213
Soru
A PC reports no bootable device. Which checks come first?
Cevap
Check firmware drive detection and boot order, then data and power connections. If the drive is detected, check its health before changing partitions.
Kart 214
Soru
Files are corrupt or missing after storage errors. What should you do?
Cevap
Stop writes, preserve the affected media, restore from a verified backup when appropriate, and diagnose the drive, controller, memory, and filesystem cause.
Kart 215
Soru
A controller reports an array missing. What should you avoid?
Cevap
Don't initialize or recreate it blindly. Check controller configuration, cabling, power, member detection, and the documented recovery path first.
Kart 216
Soru
A drive has unusually long read and write times. What should you inspect?
Cevap
Inspect health data, errors, cable or link negotiation, free space, workload, temperature, and the storage interface.
Kart 217
Soru
What should you do after a S.M.A.R.T. failure warning?
Cevap
Back up important data immediately and plan drive replacement. A health warning isn't something to clear and ignore.
Kart 218
Soru
Firmware sees a drive, but the operating system doesn't. What should you check?
Cevap
Check OS storage management, drivers, bus support, partitions, and whether the disk is offline. Don't initialize a disk that may contain needed data.
Kart 219
Soru
A RAID array is degraded after a member fails. What is the safe response?
Cevap
Confirm the failed member, verify backup, replace it through the controller's procedure, and monitor the rebuild. Don't remove a healthy member by guesswork.
Kart 220
Soru
What can cause low storage IOPS even when capacity is available?
Cevap
A saturated or slow device, high queue depth, contention, thermal throttling, controller limits, or an unsuitable RAID layout.
Kart 221
Soru
A monitor reports no signal. What should you check first?
Cevap
Check power, selected input, cable seating, adapter compatibility, and whether the computer is producing video.
Kart 222
Soru
A projector is dim or shuts down intermittently. What should you inspect?
Cevap
Inspect the bulb or light source, filters, vents, temperature, brightness settings, room light, and service-life indicators.
Kart 223
Soru
Text looks fuzzy or the desktop doesn't fit the screen. Which settings should you verify?
Cevap
Verify native resolution, scaling, aspect ratio, and any overscan setting. Then check cable and adapter quality.
Kart 224
Soru
How do display burn-in and a dead pixel differ?
Cevap
Burn-in is persistent image retention across an area; a dead or stuck pixel is a fixed point defect. Confirm each with varied full-screen test images.
Kart 225
Soru
A display flashes or flickers at a new refresh rate. What should you check?
Cevap
Check that the display, GPU, port, cable, resolution, and refresh rate combination is supported.
Kart 226
Soru
A projected image is trapezoidal or distorted. What should you adjust?
Cevap
Correct projector position, angle, focus, and aspect ratio first; use keystone correction only as needed.
Kart 227
Soru
A monitor shows incorrect colors. How do you isolate the cause?
Cevap
Check color settings and profiles, reseat or replace the cable, test another input or display, and inspect GPU output and drivers.
Kart 228
Soru
Video works over HDMI or DisplayPort, but audio doesn't. What should you check?
Cevap
Check the OS playback device, application output, display volume, cable capability, and whether the adapter carries audio.
Kart 229
Soru
A laptop LCD shows a faint image only under a flashlight. Which area is likely failing?
Cevap
The backlight or its power/driver path. The faint picture shows that image data still reaches the panel.
Kart 230
Soru
A phone battery drains much faster than usual. What should you check first?
Cevap
Check battery health and recent screen, app, radio, and location use. Confirm the usage change before replacing hardware.
Kart 231
Soru
A phone has a broken screen but still receives notifications. What should guide the repair?
Cevap
Back up accessible data, stop using sharp or exposed surfaces, and determine whether the glass, display, digitizer, or full assembly is replaceable.
Kart 232
Soru
A phone won't charge and its port looks damaged. What is the safe first test?
Cevap
Inspect without metal tools, then try a known-good compatible cable and charger. Use wireless charging only if the device supports it and the battery is safe.
Kart 233
Soru
A phone has poor or no connectivity. What should you isolate?
Cevap
Test Wi-Fi, cellular, and Bluetooth separately; check airplane mode, signal, account or SIM/eSIM state, and the specific network settings.
Kart 234
Soru
A battery is pushing a mobile-device case apart. What should you do?
Cevap
Power it down, stop charging it, and arrange approved battery service. Don't press the case closed.
Kart 235
Soru
A mobile device gets wet. Why should you avoid powering or charging it?
Cevap
Moisture can cause shorts and corrosion. Shut it down and follow the manufacturer's drying or service guidance.
Kart 236
Soru
Touch input drifts or misses one area. What should you check?
Cevap
Check screen cleanliness and protectors, test calibration if supported, compare apps, and inspect the digitizer connection or damage.
Kart 237
Soru
A phone slows down and overheats during light use. What should you inspect?
Cevap
Inspect battery health, storage pressure, updates, background apps, signal hunting, and possible malware. Stop use if heat is unsafe.
Kart 238
Soru
A mobile device shows pop-ups and heavy data use after an untrusted install. What should you suspect?
Cevap
Malware or a harmful app. Disconnect as needed, preserve required evidence, remove it through the approved mobile-security process, and update the device.
Kart 239
Soru
A mobile device can't install a new application. What should you check?
Cevap
Check free storage, OS and hardware compatibility, account or store access, network service, and MDM policy before bypassing any restriction.
Kart 240
Soru
An active stylus doesn't work, but finger touch does. What should you check?
Cevap
Check stylus compatibility, charge or battery, pairing, tip, app support, and the device's active-digitizer settings.
Kart 241
Soru
Users report slow network speeds. What should you measure before changing hardware?
Cevap
Measure negotiated link rate, throughput, utilization, errors, signal, channel use, and server or ISP performance to locate the bottleneck.
Kart 242
Soru
Wi-Fi disconnects intermittently in one area. What should you inspect?
Cevap
Inspect signal strength, roaming, interference, channel plan, access-point placement, client drivers, and power-saving behavior.
Kart 243
Soru
A client reports limited connectivity. Which layers should you check in order?
Cevap
Check physical or wireless link, IP address and mask, gateway, DHCP, DNS, and upstream reachability.
Kart 244
Soru
A user repeatedly fails network authentication. What should you verify?
Cevap
Verify the account and credentials, time, certificate, authentication method, network policy, and whether the user or device is authorized.
Kart 245
Soru
Which tools help locate high latency?
Cevap
Ping compares delay and loss; traceroute shows the path by hops. Test several destinations to separate a local, provider, and destination issue.
Kart 246
Soru
What signs point to external wireless interference?
Cevap
Signal quality or throughput drops despite adequate strength, often near a device or at certain times. A spectrum or Wi-Fi analyzer helps confirm it.
Kart 247
Soru
A switch port repeatedly changes between up and down. What should you isolate?
Cevap
Isolate the patch cable, wall run, endpoint NIC, and switch port. Review port logs and test the cable for a port-flapping cause.
Kart 248
Soru
A wired PC has no link light. Where should troubleshooting start?
Cevap
At the cable, connector, NIC, and switch port. Changing IP settings can't repair a missing physical link.
Kart 249
Soru
VoIP sounds choppy even though average bandwidth is adequate. Which network condition should you measure?
Cevap
Jitter, along with latency and packet loss. QoS and congestion control may help after the impaired path is identified.
Kart 250
Soru
Internet access drops for every local client, then returns. Where should you look?
Cevap
Check the shared WAN path: the router's WAN link, modem or ONT, provider service, power, and logs. Independent failures across every local client at once are unlikely.
Kart 251
Soru
A host can reach an internet IP but not a website name. What is the likely fault?
Cevap
DNS resolution. Check the configured resolver and test a direct lookup.
Kart 252
Soru
A PC receives a 169.254.x.x address. What should you test next?
Cevap
Test its link and the path to DHCP. The APIPA address shows that normal lease configuration failed.
Kart 253
Soru
Two hosts report an address conflict. What should you inspect?
Cevap
Inspect static assignments, DHCP reservations, and the lease scope for a duplicate IP address.
Kart 254
Soru
A PC on a new switch port can't reach its department resources. What should you verify?
Cevap
Verify the access VLAN, then its routing and policy. A good physical link on the wrong VLAN still provides the wrong network access.
Kart 255
Soru
A PoE camera has network pairs but no power. What should you check?
Cevap
Check the injector or switch standard, port state, total power budget, cable quality, and camera power requirement.
Kart 256
Soru
Only one PC lacks network access while nearby systems work. What should you compare?
Cevap
Compare its link, IP settings, DNS, authentication, proxy or VPN state, and local firewall with a working peer.
Kart 257
Soru
A printed page has a line in the same place every time. What should you inspect?
Cevap
Inspect the cartridge, printhead, drum, scanner glass, and approved cleaning path for contamination or damage, based on printer type.
Kart 258
Soru
A printer produces garbled characters. What should you verify?
Cevap
Verify the driver and print language, cable or network path, firmware, and source document. Cancel the bad job before retrying.
Kart 259
Soru
A printer reports a paper jam. What is the safe response?
Cevap
Stop the job, follow the documented paper path, remove paper in the specified direction, and check for scraps or damaged rollers.
Kart 260
Soru
Several print jobs remain pending after the printer recovers. What should you do?
Cevap
Cancel failed jobs as appropriate, verify printer status and connectivity, restart the print service if needed, then send one small test page.
520 kart
CompTIA A+ 220-1201 & 220-1202 Flashcards: Core 1 and Core 2
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Kart 261
Soru
Printed pages are uniformly faded. What should you check?
Cevap
Check toner or ink level, density or quality settings, cartridge condition, and the correct media setting.
Kart 262
Soru
A printer makes a grinding noise. What should you do?
Cevap
Stop the job and inspect for jammed media, foreign objects, damaged gears, or a misseated cartridge or maintenance part.
Kart 263
Soru
Paper won't feed or several sheets feed together. Which parts should you inspect?
Cevap
Inspect pickup rollers, the separation pad, feeder, paper condition, tray guides, and load limit.
Kart 264
Soru
A document prints in the wrong orientation. What should you check?
Cevap
Check portrait or landscape settings in the application and driver, then confirm paper size and any device default.
Kart 265
Soru
What commonly causes speckles across printed pages?
Cevap
Loose toner, ink contamination, a dirty print path, or a damaged cartridge or drum. Use the printer type and repeating pattern to narrow it.
Kart 266
Soru
A finisher won't staple or punch pages. What should you inspect?
Cevap
Inspect the staple cartridge or jam, punch waste bin, finisher seating, supported paper, and driver job settings.
Kart 267
Soru
A printer doesn't recognize a loaded tray. What should you check?
Cevap
Check tray seating, paper guides and size sensors, media settings, firmware, and driver configuration.
Kart 268
Soru
A network printer shows Ready but clients can't reach it. What should you test?
Cevap
Test its link, IP configuration, address conflict, VLAN and routing path, print port, and firewall access.
Kart 269
Soru
A laser page shows a repeated faint image. Which area should you inspect?
Cevap
Inspect the imaging drum and fuser for ghosting. The repeat distance can help the service guide identify the rotating part.
Kart 270
Soru
A print queue is frozen and won't process a test page. What should you do?
Cevap
Clear the blocked job safely, restart the spooler or print service, verify disk and printer connectivity, then submit one small test.
Kart 271
Soru
Which desktop OS is the usual choice for broad business software and Active Directory integration?
Cevap
Windows. It has the widest support for common business applications and native integration with Microsoft domain services.
Kart 272
Soru
When is a clean OS installation preferable to an in-place upgrade?
Cevap
Choose a clean install when you need a fresh system or the existing installation is unreliable. It removes installed apps and settings, so back up user data first.
Kart 273
Soru
Which Windows command lists files and folders in the current directory?
Cevap
dir. Use cd when you need to change the current directory.
Kart 274
Soru
Which Windows tool gives a quick view of running processes, startup apps, users, services, and performance?
Cevap
Task Manager. It is the first stop for a quick process or resource check.
Kart 275
Soru
What should you check before moving a user between desktop or mobile operating systems?
Cevap
Check application, peripheral, file-format, and account compatibility first. A supported OS is still a bad fit if the user's required tools or data won't work on it.
Kart 276
Soru
How should you choose between a public and private Windows network profile?
Cevap
Use Public on untrusted networks and Private only on trusted local networks. The profile changes discovery and firewall behavior.
Kart 277
Soru
Which Windows command shows the current IP configuration?
Cevap
ipconfig. Add /all when you need details such as DHCP, DNS, gateway, and adapter addresses.
Kart 278
Soru
What is the main benefit of deploying an OS image?
Cevap
It applies a prepared, consistent system build to multiple devices. The image still needs compatible drivers, licensing, and post-deployment updates.
Kart 279
Soru
Which console should you open to investigate recorded application, security, or system errors?
Cevap
Event Viewer. Filter by the relevant time, source, and event level instead of treating every warning as the cause.
Kart 280
Soru
Which Windows file system supports permissions, encryption, compression, and large local volumes?
Cevap
NTFS. It is the standard Windows file system when you need access controls and other full desktop features.
Kart 281
Soru
Which Windows edition fits a basic home PC that does not need business management features?
Cevap
Windows Home. It covers normal consumer use but lacks several business features found in Pro and Enterprise.
Kart 282
Soru
What do the common macOS application forms .dmg, .pkg, and .app represent?
Cevap
A .dmg is a mountable disk image, a .pkg runs an installer, and an .app is an application bundle. Remove software with its supported process, especially when it installed system components.
Kart 283
Soru
Which boot approach lets a technician start an installer delivered by a deployment server?
Cevap
Network boot, commonly PXE. The client firmware and network must support it, and the deployment service must be reachable.
Kart 284
Soru
Which command is the quickest basic test of IP reachability to another host?
Cevap
ping. A failed ping is only a clue because the host or firewall may block echo traffic.
Kart 285
Soru
Which Windows tool creates partitions, assigns drive letters, and initializes disks?
Cevap
Disk Management. Confirm the disk and volume before making changes because some operations can destroy data.
Kart 286
Soru
What is safer than disabling Windows Firewall when one application is blocked?
Cevap
Create the narrowest required application or port exception. Keep the firewall enabled and limit the rule to the needed profiles and traffic.
Kart 287
Soru
What should you compare before installing a demanding application?
Cevap
Compare its OS, CPU, RAM, storage, graphics, VRAM, and peripheral requirements with the device. Check both minimum and practical workload needs.
Kart 288
Soru
Which Windows edition is the usual minimum for joining a business domain and hosting Remote Desktop?
Cevap
Windows Pro. It also adds business features such as BitLocker management and Local Group Policy.
Kart 289
Soru
Which Windows command queries DNS records for a name?
Cevap
nslookup. It helps distinguish name-resolution trouble from basic network reachability.
Kart 290
Soru
Which macOS feature creates versioned backups for normal file and system recovery?
Cevap
Time Machine. Confirm the backup destination is available and test that needed files can actually be restored.
Kart 291
Soru
What makes zero-touch deployment different from a normal remote installation?
Cevap
Zero-touch deployment minimizes hands-on setup after the device starts. Policies, applications, and identity configuration are applied automatically.
Kart 292
Soru
When is exFAT usually a better removable-drive format than FAT32?
Cevap
Use exFAT when the drive must move between modern operating systems and hold files larger than FAT32's 4 GB per-file limit.
Kart 293
Soru
Which values must be correct in a manual IPv4 client configuration?
Cevap
The IP address, subnet mask, default gateway, and DNS server settings must fit the network. A wrong value can break local or internet access.
Kart 294
Soru
How do FileVault and Keychain serve different security jobs on macOS?
Cevap
FileVault encrypts the startup disk; Keychain stores passwords, certificates, and keys. Neither replaces good account security or backups.
Kart 295
Soru
What should you verify before booting an installer from USB media?
Cevap
Verify the media is trusted and bootable, then select the correct temporary boot device. Also confirm the firmware mode matches the planned partition style.
Kart 296
Soru
Which Windows console is best for checking a device's driver status or hardware error code?
Cevap
Device Manager. It shows detected hardware, driver details, disabled devices, and device error codes.
Kart 297
Soru
When is Windows Enterprise a better fit than Pro?
Cevap
Use Enterprise for centrally managed organizations that need its additional security, deployment, and control features. It is licensed for organizational use rather than a typical retail PC.
Kart 298
Soru
How does a domain differ from a workgroup for Windows client management?
Cevap
A domain provides centralized identity and policy; a workgroup manages accounts separately on each PC. Shared resources must match the chosen model.
Kart 299
Soru
Which command shows active network connections and listening ports on Windows?
Cevap
netstat. Use its documented options to include process IDs or numeric addresses when needed.
Kart 300
Soru
Which Windows tool runs a program or script on a trigger or schedule?
Cevap
Task Scheduler. Use it for defined triggers such as a time, startup, sign-in, or event.
Kart 301
Soru
What must be assigned before a user can legally use many cloud productivity apps?
Cevap
The correct service license. Installation alone does not grant an account access to licensed features.
Kart 302
Soru
What do /Applications, /Users, /Library, and /System hold on macOS?
Cevap
They hold installed apps, user home folders, shared support data, and protected system components, respectively. A user's own Library sits inside that user's home folder.
Kart 303
Soru
What path format directly identifies a Windows network share?
Cevap
A UNC path such as \\server\share. A mapped drive gives that share a drive letter for convenience.
Kart 304
Soru
Why can a 32-bit-only dependency block an otherwise capable 64-bit system?
Cevap
The application may rely on an unsupported 32-bit component or driver. Confirm the complete dependency chain, not just the CPU architecture.
Kart 305
Soru
Which file systems are common on Linux desktops and servers?
Cevap
ext4 and XFS. Both are Linux-native choices; support for features and repair tools depends on the distribution and workload.
Kart 306
Soru
What workload is Windows Pro for Workstations aimed at?
Cevap
High-end professional hardware and demanding workloads. It adds support intended for workstation-class processors, memory, and storage features.
Kart 307
Soru
Why synchronize identity between an organization and a cloud productivity service?
Cevap
It keeps user accounts and access aligned with the organization's identity source. Provisioning and removal can then follow the user's lifecycle.
Kart 308
Soru
When should you try a repair installation or recovery environment?
Cevap
Use it when the current OS is damaged but preserving the installation is still reasonable. Back up recoverable data before making larger changes.
Kart 309
Soru
Which Windows command traces the router hops toward a destination?
Cevap
tracert. Use pathping when you also need sampled latency and loss information across the route.
Kart 310
Soru
Why should mobile apps come from the platform's trusted store or an approved enterprise source?
Cevap
Trusted sources provide stronger publisher, signing, and review checks. Sideloading from an unknown source raises the risk of a malicious or altered app.
Kart 311
Soru
What is distinctive about a Windows N edition?
Cevap
It omits certain built-in media technologies. An application that depends on those components may need Microsoft's media feature package.
Kart 312
Soru
Which partition style is the normal choice for a modern UEFI system?
Cevap
GPT. It supports modern UEFI booting, large disks, and more partitions than legacy MBR.
Kart 313
Soru
What should you confirm when setting up a cloud storage sync folder?
Cevap
Confirm the account, selected folders, local disk impact, sharing rules, and whether files remain available offline.
Kart 314
Soru
When does a dedicated GPU matter more than integrated graphics?
Cevap
It matters when the application requires more graphics performance or dedicated VRAM than the integrated GPU can provide.
Kart 315
Soru
How do chmod and chown differ on Linux?
Cevap
chmod changes permission bits; chown changes file ownership. Verify the target and use elevated rights only when required.
Kart 316
Soru
Which command checks a Windows volume's file-system structure for errors?
Cevap
chkdsk. Review its options before requesting repairs because a repair may need exclusive access or a restart.
Kart 317
Soru
What is the difference between partitioning and formatting a drive?
Cevap
Partitioning defines logical regions on the drive; formatting creates a file system inside a partition. Both can affect existing data, so confirm the target first.
Kart 318
Soru
What does a client VPN connection provide?
Cevap
It creates an encrypted path to a remote private network. The user still needs valid authentication and authorization for its resources.
Kart 319
Soru
Which Linux package managers are common on Debian-based and Fedora-based systems?
Cevap
apt is common on Debian and Ubuntu; dnf is common on Fedora and related systems. Use authorized sudo elevation for administrative package changes instead of routine root login.
Kart 320
Soru
When should you use Performance Monitor instead of only Task Manager?
Cevap
Use Performance Monitor when you need counters collected over time. Task Manager is better for a quick live snapshot.
Kart 321
Soru
Which Windows command-line tool manages disks, partitions, and volumes?
Cevap
diskpart. Select and verify the exact disk before any destructive command.
Kart 322
Soru
Which firmware and security components are central to Windows 11 hardware eligibility?
Cevap
UEFI with Secure Boot capability and a supported TPM 2.0 are central requirements. The processor, RAM, and storage must also meet Microsoft's current requirements.
Kart 323
Soru
What should you verify before a mobile OS upgrade?
Cevap
Check device support, free storage, battery or power, network access, app compatibility, and a current backup.
Kart 324
Soru
Why mark a Windows connection as metered?
Cevap
It tells Windows to limit some background transfers on a connection with a data cap or high cost. Updates and cloud sync may behave differently.
Kart 325
Soru
Which file system is designed for current Apple storage devices?
Cevap
APFS. It is Apple's modern file system for macOS and other Apple platforms.
Kart 326
Soru
Which Linux commands distinguish free filesystem space from a directory's space use?
Cevap
df reports filesystem free space; du estimates space used by files and directories. Use both when tracking down a full disk.
Kart 327
Soru
What belongs in an OS upgrade preflight check?
Cevap
Back up user data and settings, then verify hardware, applications, drivers, storage, licensing, and the supported upgrade path.
Kart 328
Soru
Why should Windows show known file extensions during support work?
Cevap
Visible extensions make file types easier to verify and help expose misleading names such as invoice.pdf.exe.
Kart 329
Soru
What is the safest source for an application installer?
Cevap
Use the vendor's trusted store or official download channel. Verify the publisher, signature, or published hash when available.
Kart 330
Soru
Which Windows command is built for reliable folder copying with restart and mirror options?
Cevap
robocopy. Treat mirror or purge options carefully because they can delete destination files that are absent from the source.
Kart 331
Soru
Why should you verify the supported Windows edition upgrade path before starting?
Cevap
Not every source edition can upgrade directly to every target edition. An unsupported path may require a clean install instead.
Kart 332
Soru
Which Windows tool helps isolate startup problems by controlling boot and service options?
Cevap
System Configuration (msconfig). Use selective startup for diagnosis, then restore the intended configuration after testing.
Kart 333
Soru
What should a technician test before rolling out cloud videoconferencing?
Cevap
Test supported devices, camera and microphone permissions, network capacity, sign-in, and any organization policy.
Kart 334
Soru
What does an operating system reaching end of life mean for support?
Cevap
The vendor no longer provides normal support or security updates. Plan a supported upgrade or replacement instead of treating the old system as safe indefinitely.
Kart 335
Soru
Which Windows command checks protected system files and replaces damaged copies?
Cevap
sfc /scannow. Run it from an elevated terminal and review the result before deciding the next repair step.
Kart 336
Soru
What is the purpose of a Microsoft Management Console snap-in?
Cevap
It adds a focused administrative tool to an MMC console. Event Viewer, Local Users and Groups, and Certificate Manager are common examples.
Kart 337
Soru
What is the purpose of a mobile configuration profile?
Cevap
It applies managed settings such as accounts, certificates, restrictions, and security rules. Install profiles only from an authorized administrator or trusted provider.
Kart 338
Soru
What is ReFS mainly designed to improve on supported Windows systems?
Cevap
Storage resilience and data integrity. ReFS is useful for supported data workloads, but it is not a universal replacement for an NTFS Windows boot volume.
Kart 339
Soru
Why pilot a business application before a broad rollout?
Cevap
A pilot exposes device, network, workflow, licensing, and compatibility effects on a small group before they reach everyone.
Kart 340
Soru
Why check sharing permissions before moving a document into a collaboration workspace?
Cevap
The move may change who can read or edit it. Confirm the intended audience, link settings, ownership, and version history.
Kart 341
Soru
Which physical control stops a vehicle from driving close to a protected entrance?
Cevap
Bollards. They create a physical barrier while still allowing pedestrian access.
Kart 342
Soru
What is the main sign that a message may be phishing?
Cevap
It tries to push you into revealing data, opening a file, or following a link under false pretenses. Verify the request through a known channel.
Kart 343
Soru
What protects workstation data if a powered-off drive is stolen?
Cevap
Data-at-rest encryption, such as BitLocker or FileVault. Store recovery keys through an approved process.
Kart 344
Soru
What is the first step in a suspected malware case?
Cevap
Investigate and verify the symptoms. Record what happened and rule out ordinary faults before declaring the system infected.
Kart 345
Soru
What is the purpose of an access control vestibule?
Cevap
It allows one controlled door to close before the next opens. This reduces tailgating into a secure area.
Kart 346
Soru
How do spear phishing and whaling differ from broad phishing?
Cevap
Spear phishing targets a specific person or group; whaling targets senior or high-value people. Both use tailored context to appear credible.
Kart 347
Soru
Which password properties matter most for normal user accounts?
Cevap
Use long, unique passwords and store them in an approved password manager. Complexity and expiration rules should follow current organization policy.
Kart 348
Soru
Why is a normal format not enough before transferring a drive with sensitive data?
Cevap
A standard format mainly rebuilds file-system structures and may leave recoverable data. Use an approved wipe, secure erase, encryption-key destruction, or physical destruction method.
Kart 349
Soru
What makes a Trojan different from a computer virus?
Cevap
A Trojan pretends to be legitimate so the user installs or runs it. A virus attaches its code to a host file or boot area and replicates when that code runs.
Kart 350
Soru
Why combine a badge reader with a biometric check at a sensitive door?
Cevap
The combination verifies something the person has and something they are. It is stronger than either factor alone.
Kart 351
Soru
What does a BIOS or UEFI password protect?
Cevap
It limits unauthorized firmware changes or startup access. It does not encrypt files on the drive.
Kart 352
Soru
Which phishing names apply to voice calls, text messages, and malicious QR codes?
Cevap
Vishing uses voice, smishing uses SMS or messaging, and QR phishing uses a code to hide the destination. Verify the request before acting.
Kart 353
Soru
What should you do once a malware infection is reasonably confirmed?
Cevap
Quarantine the device from networks and shared storage. Preserve any evidence required by policy while limiting further spread.
Kart 354
Soru
Which malware hides deeply in a system to preserve privileged access?
Cevap
A rootkit. Because it can conceal processes or changes, trusted offline scanning or reimaging may be required.
Kart 355
Soru
What simple action protects an unattended signed-in workstation?
Cevap
Lock the screen. Use an automatic timeout as a backup, and log off when the session is no longer needed.
Kart 356
Soru
What do cameras, guards, alarms, lighting, and motion sensors contribute to physical security?
Cevap
They deter, detect, record, or respond to unauthorized activity. They work best as layers rather than a single control.
Kart 357
Soru
What attack occurs when someone watches a user enter sensitive information?
Cevap
Shoulder surfing. Privacy screens, careful positioning, and awareness reduce the risk.
Kart 358
Soru
How should you verify a browser download before running it?
Cevap
Use a trusted source, confirm the publisher or signature, and compare a published hash when available. A matching hash proves integrity, not that the publisher is trustworthy.
Kart 359
Soru
What does a computer virus need in order to spread?
Cevap
A virus attaches to a host file or boot area and spreads when that infected code runs. A boot-sector virus targets startup data.
Kart 360
Soru
When is a secure erase preferable to physical destruction?
Cevap
Use a verified secure erase when the storage device will be reused and the method fits its media type. Validate the result before reassignment.
Kart 361
Soru
How does tailgating differ from impersonation?
Cevap
Tailgating follows an authorized person into a restricted area; impersonation claims a false identity to gain trust or access.
Kart 362
Soru
What does the principle of least privilege require?
Cevap
Give an account only the access needed for its current job, for only as long as needed. Review and remove unnecessary rights.
Kart 363
Soru
What does spoofing change to make a message, host, or caller look trusted?
Cevap
It forges identifying information such as an address, name, number, or source. Verify identity through a separate trusted signal.
Kart 364
Soru
Which Wi-Fi security protocol is the preferred modern choice when all devices support it?
Cevap
WPA3. Use its strongest supported mode and a strong credential or enterprise authentication.
Kart 365
Soru
How does a DDoS attack differ from a DoS attack?
Cevap
A DDoS attack uses many distributed sources; a DoS attack may come from one source. Both aim to exhaust availability.
Kart 366
Soru
What assumption drives a Zero Trust access decision?
Cevap
No user, device, or network location is trusted automatically. Verify identity, device state, context, and authorization for each access decision.
Kart 367
Soru
Which physical methods make a hard drive unusable?
Cevap
Approved shredding or drilling can destroy the platters and mechanism. Follow safety, environmental, and evidence-handling rules.
Kart 368
Soru
How do account lockout and account expiration solve different problems?
Cevap
Lockout slows repeated failed sign-ins; expiration ends access after a defined date. Set both according to business policy.
Kart 369
Soru
Which malware categories secretly monitor a user's activity?
Cevap
Spyware collects activity or data; a keylogger records input; stalkerware is used for covert surveillance of a person.
Kart 370
Soru
What wireless threat presents a convincing fake access point?
Cevap
An evil twin. Users may connect to it because its network name resembles a trusted one.
Kart 371
Soru
What are the first security changes on a new SOHO router?
Cevap
Change default administrator credentials, update firmware, and save a known-good configuration. Use a unique management password.
Kart 372
Soru
What should you do when a browser reports an invalid certificate on a sensitive site?
Cevap
Stop and verify the address, system time, and certificate details. Do not bypass the warning for sign-in or payment data.
Kart 373
Soru
What does an access control list decide?
Cevap
An ACL states which identities or traffic are allowed or denied on a resource. Keep entries specific and review inherited rules.
Kart 374
Soru
Which malware blocks access to data and demands payment?
Cevap
Ransomware. Isolate the device quickly and recover from known-good backups rather than assuming payment will restore data.
Kart 375
Soru
How should router management access be exposed?
Cevap
Allow it only from trusted interfaces and secure protocols, ideally from the local network. Place the router where unauthorized people cannot reset or replace it.
Kart 376
Soru
How should Windows restore points be handled during an approved malware-removal workflow?
Cevap
Temporarily disable System Restore when the procedure calls for it, then re-enable it and create a clean restore point after remediation.
Kart 377
Soru
Which built-in accounts or credentials should be changed or disabled during setup?
Cevap
Disable the guest account when unused and replace default administrator names or passwords where policy requires it. Never leave vendor defaults active.
Kart 378
Soru
What happens in an on-path attack?
Cevap
The attacker positions themselves between communicating parties to observe or alter traffic. Strong certificate validation and encryption help prevent it.
Kart 379
Soru
How do browser patches and extension controls work together?
Cevap
Patches fix browser flaws; extension controls reduce code from untrusted add-ons. Keep only approved, necessary extensions.
Kart 380
Soru
How should a guest wireless network be separated from trusted devices?
Cevap
Use a separate guest network with strong encryption and client isolation. Do not grant it access to internal files or management interfaces.
Kart 381
Soru
Why disable AutoRun and unused services?
Cevap
They remove automatic execution paths and unnecessary attack surface. Confirm a service is not required before disabling it.
Kart 382
Soru
Which storage media can degaussing sanitize?
Cevap
Magnetic media such as compatible hard drives and tapes, but only with an approved degausser rated for that exact medium. Flash storage such as SSDs cannot be sanitized this way. A drive becoming unusable does not prove its data was sanitized; follow and validate the approved procedure.
Kart 383
Soru
Why update anti-malware tools before the main removal scan?
Cevap
Current definitions and engines can recognize newer threats. Scan in a safer environment, such as Safe Mode or approved recovery media, when appropriate.
Kart 384
Soru
What makes authentication multifactor?
Cevap
It uses factors from at least two different categories, such as a password plus a hardware token or biometric. Two passwords are still one factor type.
Kart 385
Soru
Which encryption choice is appropriate for a WPA2 network?
Cevap
AES-based CCMP. Avoid selecting older TKIP just to keep obsolete clients connected.
Kart 386
Soru
What is the basic endpoint patching sequence?
Cevap
Inventory supported systems, deploy tested OS and application updates, verify success, and remediate failures. Endpoint security definitions need updates too.
Kart 387
Soru
Why should daily work use a standard account instead of an administrator account?
Cevap
A standard account limits what mistakes or malware can change. Elevate only the specific approved task through UAC or Run as administrator.
Kart 388
Soru
When is reimaging safer than continuing to clean an infected PC?
Cevap
Reimage when trust cannot be restored, the malware is deeply embedded, or policy requires a known-good build. Restore only verified clean data.
Kart 389
Soru
Why is TKIP a poor choice for a new wireless network?
Cevap
TKIP is a legacy protocol with known security limits. Replace incompatible clients and use WPA2-AES or WPA3.
Kart 390
Soru
When is incineration an acceptable data-destruction method?
Cevap
Only through an authorized facility that can handle the material safely and meet legal and environmental requirements.
Kart 391
Soru
What does private browsing protect on a shared computer?
Cevap
It reduces local history and cookie retention after the session. It does not hide activity from the network or service, so sign out and clear sensitive data as policy requires.
Kart 392
Soru
How does a dictionary attack differ from a general brute-force attack?
Cevap
A dictionary attack tries likely words and known password patterns; brute force systematically tries possibilities. Long, unique passwords and rate limits make both harder.
Kart 393
Soru
How do SSO and SAML commonly work together?
Cevap
SSO lets one sign-in reach multiple services; SAML can carry trusted authentication claims between an identity provider and a service.
Kart 394
Soru
Why disable UPnP and unused inbound ports when they are not required?
Cevap
They can create unnecessary paths into the network. Open only the specific service and source access the business needs.
Kart 395
Soru
What symptom often points to an unauthorized cryptominer?
Cevap
Unexplained sustained CPU or GPU use, heat, fan noise, or power consumption. Confirm the process before removal.
Kart 396
Soru
What should an outsourced destruction vendor provide?
Cevap
A traceable certificate of destruction or recycling tied to the assets. Confirm the vendor and chain of custody before release.
Kart 397
Soru
When is just-in-time privileged access safer than a standing admin account?
Cevap
It grants elevated rights only for an approved task and limited time. Privileged access management can control and record that elevation.
Kart 398
Soru
What follow-up checks belong after malware removal?
Cevap
Run updated scans, patch the system, schedule ongoing scans and updates, and verify normal behavior before reconnecting fully.
Kart 399
Soru
Which input flaws commonly enable SQL injection and cross-site scripting?
Cevap
SQL injection reaches a database through unsafe query input; XSS injects script into content a browser renders. Use parameterized queries for SQL and context-aware output encoding for browser content.
Kart 400
Soru
Which mobile controls help after a managed phone is lost?
Cevap
A locator, remote lock or wipe, device encryption, and a current remote backup. Test enrollment before the device disappears.
Kart 401
Soru
Which control is designed to detect or block sensitive data from leaving approved boundaries?
Cevap
Data loss prevention, or DLP. It applies rules to data in use, in motion, or at rest according to policy.
Kart 402
Soru
When is port forwarding appropriate on a small network?
Cevap
Use it only for an approved service that must receive inbound traffic. Prefer a screened subnet or other isolation for exposed systems, and document the narrow rule.
Kart 403
Soru
Why can fileless malware be hard to detect?
Cevap
It relies heavily on memory and legitimate system tools instead of leaving a normal executable on disk. Behavior monitoring is especially useful.
Kart 404
Soru
Why are unpatched, end-of-life, or unmanaged BYOD systems a security risk?
Cevap
They may lack current fixes, controls, or visibility. Enforce support and access policy instead of assuming a connected device is safe.
Kart 405
Soru
What must guide disposal of batteries, storage devices, and electronics?
Cevap
Applicable data-retention, privacy, environmental, and recycling rules. Record asset disposition according to policy.
Kart 406
Soru
What should an email security gateway do before a message reaches the user?
Cevap
Filter suspicious senders, links, attachments, and spoofing signals. Users should still verify unusual requests through a known channel.
Kart 407
Soru
Which service commonly provides centralized authentication for enterprise Wi-Fi?
Cevap
RADIUS. It validates users or devices against a central identity source; TACACS+ is more commonly associated with network-device administration.
Kart 408
Soru
How does MDM reduce risk on BYOD and corporate-owned mobile devices?
Cevap
MDM applies profiles, screen-lock rules, updates, app controls, and remote actions. The policy should clearly separate company requirements from personal privacy.
Kart 409
Soru
How does a potentially unwanted program differ from clearly malicious malware?
Cevap
A PUP may be installed with nominal consent but still adds unwanted behavior, such as aggressive ads or browser changes. Remove it through approved tools and review bundled installers.
Kart 410
Soru
What should the technician explain to the user after a malware incident?
Cevap
Explain the likely entry point and practical prevention steps, such as safer links, trusted downloads, updates, and prompt reporting.
Kart 411
Soru
What is the first useful action after a Windows blue-screen crash?
Cevap
Record the stop code and recent changes, then check relevant logs and dumps. Do not replace hardware from the blue screen alone.
Kart 412
Soru
What should you try first when one mobile app will not launch?
Cevap
Force-close the app, reopen it, and check for an update. If the problem persists, restart the device and verify the app still supports the OS.
Kart 413
Soru
What should you do after finding an unapproved app already installed on a managed phone?
Cevap
Document it and follow policy to block or remove it through the approved mobile-management process. Do not open it for testing; if compromise is plausible, contain the phone and escalate before wiping evidence.
Kart 414
Soru
What should you do if a possibly infected PC suddenly cannot reach the network?
Cevap
Check ordinary link and IP status, but keep the PC isolated if compromise is plausible. Do not weaken the firewall just to restore access.
Kart 415
Soru
Where should you start when Windows feels broadly slow?
Cevap
Check Task Manager for CPU, memory, disk, and startup pressure. Correlate the bottleneck with recent apps, updates, storage, and temperature.
Kart 416
Soru
How should you handle a mobile app that repeatedly crashes while in use?
Cevap
Reproduce the trigger, free needed resources, update the app and OS, and clear supported app cache or reinstall after protecting its data.
Kart 417
Soru
Why should developer mode be disabled on a normal user's mobile device?
Cevap
It can expose debugging, installation, or control paths that normal operation does not need. Enable it only for an authorized task and turn it off afterward.
Kart 418
Soru
What do unfamiliar security alerts on the Windows desktop require?
Cevap
Verify which installed product or process created them. Capture the message and avoid clicking it until its source is trusted.
Kart 419
Soru
What should you try when Windows reaches recovery but not the normal desktop?
Cevap
Use Startup Repair or Safe Mode to isolate the boot problem. Back up accessible data before risky repair steps.
Kart 420
Soru
What commonly blocks a mobile app update?
Cevap
Low storage, poor connectivity, account or store issues, device policy, or OS incompatibility. Read the exact store error before changing settings.
Kart 421
Soru
What security boundary changes when a phone is rooted or jailbroken?
Cevap
Platform protections and app isolation may be bypassed. Treat the device as noncompliant and restore it through an approved process.
Kart 422
Soru
How can you recognize a fake antivirus warning?
Cevap
It often uses urgent claims, an unfamiliar brand, or a demand to click, call, or pay. Open the approved security tool directly instead of using the alert.
Kart 423
Soru
What does a firmware message saying no operating system was found suggest checking first?
Cevap
Check whether the system drive is detected and first in the intended boot order. Then inspect its connection, partition, and boot data.
Kart 424
Soru
What should you verify when a mobile app will not install?
Cevap
Verify the source, device and OS compatibility, free storage, account licensing, and management policy.
Kart 425
Soru
What clues suggest a mobile app is spoofing a legitimate one?
Cevap
A mismatched publisher, unusual icon or name, excessive permissions, unexpected sign-in, or an unofficial source. Verify the real listing before entering credentials.
Kart 426
Soru
What can unexplained renamed or missing personal files indicate?
Cevap
Malware, ransomware, account misuse, sync trouble, or storage failure are possible. Isolate the scope and preserve evidence before recovery attempts.
Kart 427
Soru
What evidence helps separate thermal shutdowns from power failures?
Cevap
Review temperatures, fan operation, vents, power events, and whether the failure follows load. Test one likely cause at a time.
Kart 428
Soru
Where should you start with a generally slow phone or tablet?
Cevap
Check free storage, active downloads, background apps, battery condition, and pending updates. Restart before considering a reset.
Kart 429
Soru
What should unexplained high mobile network traffic make you inspect?
Cevap
Inspect per-app data use, recent installations, cloud sync, hotspots, and management alerts. Isolate the device if malicious traffic is plausible.
Kart 430
Soru
What does sudden inability to open many files suggest checking?
Cevap
Check extensions, ransom notes, permissions, storage health, and backup status. Widespread encryption may indicate ransomware.
Kart 431
Soru
What should you inspect when a Windows service will not start?
Cevap
Check its startup type, dependencies, logon account, permissions, and Event Viewer message. Fix the recorded cause rather than repeatedly forcing a start.
Kart 432
Soru
A mobile OS update downloads but fails verification or installation. What should you try before resetting the device?
Cevap
Record the exact error and check free storage first. Then use the OS vendor's supported controls to remove the incomplete update and download a fresh copy with reliable power and a stable network connection; use recovery only if the normal updater still fails.
Kart 433
Soru
How can security trouble cause degraded mobile response time?
Cevap
A malicious or unwanted app may consume CPU, storage, or network resources. Compare resource use with recent apps before removing anything.
Kart 434
Soru
Where should you investigate unwanted Windows notifications?
Cevap
Check notification settings, browser site permissions, startup apps, and recently installed software. Remove the source rather than only muting the symptom.
Kart 435
Soru
How should you isolate an application that keeps crashing?
Cevap
Confirm the scope, reproduce it, check logs, update the app, and test its plug-ins or profile. Reinstall only after preserving needed settings and data.
Kart 436
Soru
How do you find the likely cause of sudden mobile battery drain?
Cevap
Review battery usage by app and system feature, then compare with recent updates, signal conditions, screen use, and battery health.
Kart 437
Soru
What should you check after an unexpected mobile data-limit notification?
Cevap
Review per-app usage and the billing period, then inspect background sync, hotspot use, updates, and unknown apps.
Kart 438
Soru
Why can repeated OS update failures be a security clue?
Cevap
Malware may block updates, though storage, network, or service faults are also common. Investigate the exact error and other symptoms before deciding.
Kart 439
Soru
What should a low-memory warning lead you to inspect?
Cevap
Inspect memory pressure, runaway processes, page-file health, and workload requirements. Closing one app may help briefly but does not explain repeated warnings.
Kart 440
Soru
What is a useful first isolation step for random mobile reboots?
Cevap
Remove or disable the most recent app or configuration change, update the OS, and check storage and temperature. Back up before a reset.
Kart 441
Soru
What security setting can cause limited mobile internet access even with a good signal?
Cevap
A bad VPN, proxy, DNS, content-filtering, or management profile can restrict traffic. Compare the configuration with approved policy.
Kart 442
Soru
What is a useful first check for random browser pop-ups?
Cevap
Inspect site-notification permissions, extensions, startup pages, and recently installed software. Do not click inside the pop-up.
Kart 443
Soru
What is a sensible first response to a USB controller resource warning?
Cevap
Disconnect nonessential USB devices, remove unpowered hubs, and check Device Manager. Then update the controller or chipset driver if the evidence supports it.
Kart 444
Soru
What is the normal first fix for a Bluetooth pairing problem?
Cevap
Confirm both devices are discoverable and compatible, then forget the old pairing and pair again. Check distance, battery, and interference.
Kart 445
Soru
What should you do if normal connectivity checks pass but a phone still has no internet after a suspicious app install?
Cevap
Isolate the phone, remove or quarantine the suspicious app through the approved process, and inspect VPN, proxy, DNS, and profile changes.
Kart 446
Soru
When does a browser certificate warning point to more than a bad website?
Cevap
Warnings across several known-good sites can indicate wrong system time, interception, a proxy, or a trust-store problem. Compare on a trusted network and device.
Kart 447
Soru
What should you do when instability begins right after a driver update?
Cevap
Roll back or replace that driver with a known-good supported version. Confirm stability before changing another component.
Kart 448
Soru
What should you check when one phone cannot join a known Wi-Fi network?
Cevap
Confirm the network and password, toggle Wi-Fi, forget and rejoin the network, then compare with another device before resetting network settings.
Kart 449
Soru
What commonly causes a sudden flood of ads across a mobile device?
Cevap
Adware or a PUP is likely, especially after a recent install. Identify the responsible app instead of tapping the ads.
Kart 450
Soru
What settings should you inspect when browser searches redirect unexpectedly?
Cevap
Inspect the default search provider, home page, extensions, proxy, DNS, and hosts file. Record unauthorized changes before correcting them.
Kart 451
Soru
How can you test whether a slow Windows sign-in is tied to one user profile?
Cevap
Sign in with a known-good local profile and compare. Then inspect profile corruption, startup items, scripts, and redirected resources.
Kart 452
Soru
What should you check when NFC works only intermittently?
Cevap
Confirm NFC is enabled, unlock the device if required, align the NFC areas closely, and remove a case that may block the signal.
Kart 453
Soru
How should you respond to a mobile pop-up claiming the device is infected?
Cevap
Treat it as a likely fake security warning. Do not tap its button; close the source, inspect recent apps or browser data, and scan with approved tools.
Kart 454
Soru
What should you compare when mobile data fails but Wi-Fi works?
Cevap
Check airplane mode, cellular enablement, signal, data limits, SIM or eSIM state, carrier settings, and any provider outage.
Kart 455
Soru
What is the priority when personal files appear to have leaked from a mobile device?
Cevap
Contain the device and affected accounts, preserve relevant evidence, and follow the incident process. Revoke exposed sessions or credentials from a trusted device.
Kart 456
Soru
Why might a mobile screen refuse to rotate?
Cevap
Rotation lock may be enabled, the app may not support that orientation, or a motion sensor may be stuck. Check the setting before hardware diagnosis.
Kart 457
Soru
What can unexpected mobile actions, permission prompts, or settings changes indicate?
Cevap
An unauthorized or compromised app may be acting on the device. Review recent installs, permissions, profiles, and account activity.
Kart 458
Soru
What makes a browser extension suspicious?
Cevap
An unknown publisher, broad permissions, forced installation, hidden controls, or behavior unrelated to its stated job. Remove it through policy and inspect related changes.
Kart 459
Soru
What should you verify when a Windows update repeatedly fails?
Cevap
Check free space, restart state, network access, update history, and the specific error. Apply the vendor's targeted repair steps for that code.
Kart 460
Soru
When should you reset a mobile device during troubleshooting?
Cevap
Reset only after narrower fixes fail and a current backup exists. Confirm account credentials and management enrollment needed for recovery.
Kart 461
Soru
What causes system time to drift repeatedly after shutdown?
Cevap
A failing CMOS battery is one possibility; a bad time source or synchronization setting is another. Check when the drift occurs before replacing anything.
Kart 462
Soru
What PC settings can malware alter to reroute traffic?
Cevap
Proxy, DNS, browser, and hosts-file settings are common targets. Compare them with the approved network configuration.
Kart 463
Soru
How can a clean boot help with a Windows startup problem?
Cevap
It starts Windows with a reduced set of nonessential services and startup items. Re-enable items in groups to identify the conflict.
Kart 464
Soru
How should you troubleshoot a browser that has become much slower than the rest of the PC?
Cevap
Test without unneeded extensions, clear only appropriate cache data, check browser tasks, and compare a clean profile. Scan if the behavior is suspicious.
Kart 465
Soru
What is the safest next step when several mobile security symptoms appear together?
Cevap
Disconnect or contain the device, document the symptoms, and escalate through the approved security process. Avoid wiping evidence unless the response plan authorizes it.
Kart 466
Soru
Which details belong at the start of a support ticket?
Cevap
Record the user, device, contact method, affected service, and a clear issue description. Add the time and business impact when relevant.
Kart 467
Soru
When is sfc /scannow a useful Windows repair step?
Cevap
Use it when protected system files may be damaged. Run it elevated and follow the result instead of assuming it fixes every boot or application fault.
Kart 468
Soru
What should you do before running a repair that may change a failing Windows disk?
Cevap
Protect recoverable data first, then check drive health and file-system evidence. A repair tool is not a substitute for replacing failing storage.
Kart 469
Soru
What is the right overall response to convincing PC security symptoms?
Cevap
Contain the system, document evidence, follow the malware or incident procedure, and restore trust with approved tools or a known-good image.
Kart 470
Soru
What does a full backup contain?
Cevap
A full backup copies all selected data in that backup set. It is simple to restore but usually takes the most time and space to create.
Kart 471
Soru
Where should a technician look for handling and disposal guidance for a chemical product?
Cevap
Use its current Safety Data Sheet and local policy. Follow the listed protective, spill, storage, and disposal instructions.
Kart 472
Soru
What should a change request state before technical planning begins?
Cevap
State the purpose, scope, change type, affected systems, owner, and desired date. A clear request makes impact and approval review possible.
Kart 473
Soru
What does active listening look like in a support conversation?
Cevap
Let the customer finish, ask focused questions, and restate the problem to confirm understanding. Avoid interrupting or jumping to a diagnosis.
Kart 474
Soru
What does chain of custody record during an incident?
Cevap
It records who collected, handled, transferred, stored, and accessed evidence, with dates and purpose. This supports integrity and accountability.
Kart 475
Soru
What makes a ticket issue description useful to another technician?
Cevap
It states expected and actual behavior, exact symptoms, scope, timing, and reproducible steps without guesses presented as facts.
Kart 476
Soru
What does an incremental backup copy?
Cevap
It copies data changed since the most recent backup of any type. Backup runs are small, but recovery may need the last full plus every later incremental.
Kart 477
Soru
How should a technician respond to an angry customer?
Cevap
Stay calm, acknowledge the impact, clarify the facts, and explain realistic next steps. Do not argue, blame, or dismiss the concern.
Kart 478
Soru
Why does order of volatility matter when collecting incident evidence?
Cevap
More temporary data can disappear first. Follow the response plan to capture volatile information before less volatile storage when authorized.
Kart 479
Soru
Which script type is native to traditional Windows batch command processing?
Cevap
A .bat file. VBScript uses .vbs for older Windows automation; review either script before running it with elevated rights.
Kart 480
Soru
How do ventilation and dust control affect equipment reliability?
Cevap
Clear airflow removes heat; controlled dust cleanup prevents blocked vents and conductive buildup. Use equipment-safe compressed air or vacuums.
Kart 481
Soru
How should severity and escalation be recorded?
Cevap
Tie severity to impact and urgency, then use the defined escalation level. Do not inflate it just to move the ticket faster.
Kart 482
Soru
Why create a forensic copy instead of investigating the original drive directly?
Cevap
A verified copy preserves the original evidence and lets analysis proceed with less risk of alteration. Follow authorization and incident policy.
Kart 483
Soru
When is RDP a suitable remote-access choice?
Cevap
Use RDP for an authorized Windows desktop session over a protected path. Limit exposed services, require strong authentication, and follow session policy.
Kart 484
Soru
How should an ESD strap be used during internal PC work?
Cevap
Attach it to an approved ground point while working on powered-down equipment. Pair it with an ESD-safe work surface when available.
Kart 485
Soru
What protection does a UPS add beyond a surge suppressor?
Cevap
A UPS provides temporary battery power and usually power conditioning, giving equipment time to ride through a brief outage or shut down safely.
Kart 486
Soru
What should progress and resolution notes contain?
Cevap
Record tests, results, changes, timestamps, and the confirmed outcome. Another technician should be able to continue without repeating work.
Kart 487
Soru
Which data categories usually require stricter handling and retention rules?
Cevap
Payment data, government identifiers, personally identifiable information, and healthcare data. Apply the relevant law, contract, and business policy.
Kart 488
Soru
Which support tasks can AI assist without making the final decision?
Cevap
AI can help summarize tickets, draft user instructions, search approved knowledge, or suggest diagnostic paths. A technician must verify the result.
Kart 489
Soru
What is the first electrical-safety step before repairing a PC?
Cevap
Shut it down and disconnect power. Follow the device's service procedure because some components can retain hazardous energy.
Kart 490
Soru
How do SSH and VNC differ for remote support?
Cevap
SSH provides an encrypted command-line session; VNC shares a graphical desktop and needs its own secure transport and authentication configuration.
Kart 491
Soru
How should a technician set expectations for a repair?
Cevap
Give a realistic timeline, explain options and dependencies, and send status updates when the estimate changes.
Kart 492
Soru
Which script type gives Windows administrators structured access to system management?
Cevap
A PowerShell .ps1 script. Execution policy is not a malware boundary, so verify the source, signature, and contents.
Kart 493
Soru
What does a differential backup copy?
Cevap
It copies data changed since the last full backup. Recovery normally needs the last full and the latest differential.
Kart 494
Soru
Why do change plans need both a backup plan and a rollback plan?
Cevap
The backup protects data; the rollback returns the service to its prior state if the change fails. Define triggers and responsible staff before implementation.
Kart 495
Soru
How should loose components be handled and stored?
Cevap
Hold boards by the edges, avoid contacts, and place them in antistatic packaging on an ESD-safe surface.
Kart 496
Soru
Why monitor both temperature and humidity in an equipment room?
Cevap
Excess heat shortens component life; very low humidity raises static risk, while high humidity can cause condensation or corrosion.
Kart 497
Soru
What is a synthetic full backup?
Cevap
It combines a previous full backup with later backup data to create a new full on the backup system. The source does not need to resend every file.
Kart 498
Soru
How do an asset tag and a CMDB serve different support needs?
Cevap
The asset tag identifies the physical item; the CMDB records its configuration and relationships. Keep assignment, warranty, and licensing data current.
Kart 499
Soru
What should a technician verify before installing licensed software?
Cevap
Verify a valid license, permitted user or device scope, and any EULA or DRM limits. Personal, corporate, perpetual, and open-source licenses grant different rights.
Kart 500
Soru
Which script type is commonly used for shell automation on Linux and macOS?
Cevap
A .sh shell script. Its interpreter, permissions, quoting, and environment determine how it runs.
Kart 501
Soru
How do GFS rotation and the 3-2-1 backup rule differ?
Cevap
GFS rotates daily, weekly, and monthly backup generations. The 3-2-1 rule keeps three copies on two different media/storage types, with one copy offsite. GFS organizes retention over time; 3-2-1 spreads copies across storage locations and failure modes.
Kart 502
Soru
Which personal protective steps matter for lifting or dusty repair work?
Cevap
Use safe lifting technique and get help for heavy equipment; wear approved eye or breathing protection when the task creates those hazards.
Kart 503
Soru
What does a VPN add to a remote-management session?
Cevap
It creates an encrypted network path to private resources. The remote tool still needs secure configuration, authentication, and least-privilege access.
Kart 504
Soru
What policy questions should come before using AI at work?
Cevap
Check approved tools, allowed data, required disclosure, ownership rules, and whether the task permits AI assistance. Do not assume a public tool is approved.
Kart 505
Soru
Why should a technician avoid jargon when speaking with a customer?
Cevap
Plain language helps the customer understand choices and give informed answers. Use a technical term only when it adds clarity, then explain it.
Kart 506
Soru
What is the value of sandbox testing and peer review before a change?
Cevap
They expose technical mistakes and unexpected impact away from production. Record results and remaining risk.
Kart 507
Soru
What are practical entry-level uses for scripts in support work?
Cevap
Scripts can collect information, remap drives, install approved apps, start updates, restart systems, or run backups consistently. Python .py and JavaScript .js files are common choices when the environment supports them.
Kart 508
Soru
What is the benefit and main risk of an RMM platform?
Cevap
RMM can monitor and manage many endpoints centrally; compromise or misuse can reach many endpoints too. Protect the console with strong access controls, logging, and updates.
Kart 509
Soru
How should a technician handle a confident AI answer?
Cevap
Verify it against trusted evidence. AI can hallucinate, carry bias, miss context, or present outdated information fluently.
Kart 510
Soru
How do surges, brownouts, and blackouts differ?
Cevap
A surge is excess voltage, a brownout is reduced voltage, and a blackout is a loss of power. Match surge protection and UPS capacity to the equipment.
Kart 511
Soru
What must you review before running an unfamiliar support script?
Cevap
Review its source, inputs, privileges, target systems, resource use, network actions, error handling, and rollback. A script can spread malware or change many systems quickly.
Kart 512
Soru
How do an NDA and an acceptable use policy serve different purposes?
Cevap
An NDA restricts disclosure of protected information; an AUP defines permitted use of systems and data. Follow both along with incident and compliance rules.
Kart 513
Soru
When should a normal change wait even if the technical work is ready?
Cevap
Wait for required approval and an allowed maintenance window. Respect change freezes unless the approved emergency process applies.
Kart 514
Soru
Which support document should guide a repeatable task with an agreed method?
Cevap
Use the relevant SOP or checklist. Consult the SLA for service commitments and the knowledge base for reusable diagnosis or resolution guidance.
Kart 515
Soru
What should a technician do if arriving late is unavoidable?
Cevap
Contact the customer promptly, give an honest revised time, and keep the new commitment. Document service provided and follow up as promised.
Kart 516
Soru
What safety problems does good cable management prevent?
Cevap
It reduces trip hazards, blocked airflow, connector strain, and accidental disconnection. Keep cables clear of heat and emergency access.
Kart 517
Soru
How do you know a backup is usable?
Cevap
Test restores on a defined schedule. Verify data integrity and practice both overwrite recovery and recovery to an alternative location.
Kart 518
Soru
What closes a well-managed change?
Cevap
Verify the implementation, obtain required user acceptance, update documentation, and review the outcome. Trigger rollback if the defined failure criteria occur.
Kart 519
Soru
How should a technician handle private material visible on a customer's device?
Cevap
View only what the task requires, avoid copying or discussing it, and follow privacy policy. Maintain professional appearance and conduct in the customer's environment.
Kart 520
Soru
What data boundary applies when prompting a public AI service?
Cevap
Never send credentials or secrets to a public AI service. Keep private customer data, regulated data, proprietary code, and incident evidence out as well. An approved enterprise AI service is a separate case: use it only under the organization's data policy and contractual controls, and still never paste credentials or secrets.

A generic laptop and computer repair tools arranged on a dark technical workbench with abstract network lights.

520 kart

CompTIA A+ 220-1201 & 220-1202 Flashcards: Core 1 and Core 2

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Nibomo açılır ve hemen çalışmaya başlayabilirsiniz.

Bu deste hakkında

CompTIA A+ 220-1201 & 220-1202 Flashcards: Core 1 and Core 2

What the cards practice

Learning order

Labs and PBQs

Scope, provenance, and reuse

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