What is the safe response to a swollen mobile-device battery?

Power the device off, disconnect external power, and isolate it for approved battery service. Don't charge, puncture, press, or keep using the battery.

Which RAM form factor is common in serviceable laptops?

A SO-DIMM. Match its DDR generation, capacity support, and other platform requirements before installation.

What should you confirm before replacing laptop keys or a keyboard?

Confirm the model's replaceable unit and service procedure. Some keys are individually serviceable; other designs require the keyboard or full top case.

What protects data during a laptop HDD or SSD replacement?

A verified backup and migration plan. Also match the replacement drive's interface, form factor, and supported capacity.

How should tiny antenna leads be handled during wireless-card service?

Label their positions, lift each connector straight up with the proper tool, and reconnect it to the marked terminal. Pulling the wire can damage the lead.

Which built-in laptop components commonly provide physical privacy or identity checks?

Components such as fingerprint or facial-recognition hardware and near-field credential readers. Their firmware, drivers, permissions, and enrollment must all support the feature.

Why does Wi-Fi antenna placement matter after a laptop repair?

Correct routing and terminal placement preserve signal quality. A pinched cable, loose connector, or swapped main/aux lead can weaken wireless performance.

A replacement laptop camera has no image. What should you check before replacing it again?

Check its internal cable, privacy shutter or switch, firmware detection, driver, and app permission. A hardware replacement won't fix a blocked camera setting.

A built-in mobile-device microphone is silent. What should you check first?

Check the selected input, mute state, app permission, and microphone opening. Then inspect the internal connection if every app fails.

Why disconnect the internal battery before replacing laptop RAM, storage, or a display assembly?

To remove standby power from the board and reduce short-circuit risk. Follow the model's shutdown and battery-disconnection procedure.

What should guide any field replacement inside a thin mobile device?

The manufacturer's service instructions, warranty terms, and ESD precautions. Adhesives, hidden cables, and replaceable assemblies vary by model.

How do USB-C, microUSB, and miniUSB differ?

They are different connector shapes. USB-C is reversible; microUSB and miniUSB are older keyed designs, and none of the shapes alone guarantees a data speed.

What can a laptop docking station add through one host connection?

Power, displays, networking, storage, and peripheral ports. The host, dock, cable, and software must support the promised features.

What must match for a stylus to support pressure or precision input?

The stylus technology and the device's digitizer. A generic capacitive stylus may act like a finger but can't add unsupported active-pen features.

Which connector is associated with many older Apple mobile devices?

Lightning. Match the cable to the actual model because newer Apple devices may use USB-C.

How do a headset, external speaker, and webcam extend a mobile workstation?

A headset adds private audio input/output, a speaker adds room audio, and a webcam adds video input. Select each one in the app after connecting it.

How do a trackpad, drawing pad, and trackpoint differ?

A trackpad senses finger gestures, a drawing pad captures pen input, and a trackpoint moves the pointer from a small keyboard-mounted stick.

What is NFC commonly used for on a mobile device?

Very short-range exchanges such as tap-to-pay, credential reading, or quick pairing. Its short working distance supports deliberate tap-style use.

How is a port replicator different from a full docking station?

A port replicator mainly exposes additional connectors; a dock commonly adds broader capabilities such as charging, displays, or networking. Verify the product's actual feature list.

Which connection is the usual choice for nearby mobile headsets and keyboards?

Bluetooth. It provides short-range wireless accessory links with relatively low power use.

What does mobile tethering or hotspot mode do?

It shares the device's internet connection with another client, commonly over Wi-Fi, USB, or Bluetooth. The carrier plan may limit tethering or data use.

How do 3G, 4G, and 5G relate on a mobile device?

They are cellular network generations. Newer generations can offer more capacity or lower latency, but the device, SIM or eSIM, plan, coverage, and local network determine service.

What is the practical difference between a SIM and an eSIM?

A SIM is a removable identity module; an eSIM stores a carrier profile in embedded hardware. Both associate the device with cellular service.

What sequence pairs a Bluetooth accessory safely?

Enable Bluetooth, put the accessory in pairing mode, select the intended device, confirm any PIN or code, and test the connection.

How do GPS and cellular location services complement each other?

GPS derives position from satellites, while cellular and nearby-network data can speed or assist location. App permission and device settings control access.

Which radios should you check when a phone has neither local Wi-Fi nor wide-area data?

Check Wi-Fi and cellular data separately, along with airplane mode. One radio can be disabled while the other remains available.

What should you verify when adding mail to a mobile device?

Verify the account, credentials, incoming and outgoing server settings, security method, and network access. A correct password can't repair a wrong server setting.

A phone can browse on Wi-Fi but not through its hotspot. What should you check?

Check that hotspot service is enabled, cellular data works, the plan permits tethering, and the client has the correct hotspot password.

How should you test a newly configured mobile connection?

Test the intended path and service: join the correct network or carrier, verify addressing or signal, then open the required app or destination.

What does mobile device management provide?

Central enrollment, device configuration, policy enforcement, corporate-app deployment, inventory, and approved remote actions.

How do corporate-owned and BYOD management profiles usually differ?

Corporate-owned devices normally allow broader organizational control; BYOD profiles should isolate managed work data and respect the user's personal data under policy.

What should be checked when calendar, contacts, or business mail stops synchronizing?

Check connectivity, account sign-in, sync scope, device time, storage, and service status before removing the account.

Why do data caps matter to mobile synchronization?

Large mail, cloud-storage, or app sync jobs can consume metered cellular data. Choose what syncs and whether Wi-Fi is required.

When is an MDM remote wipe appropriate?

When policy authorizes removal of protected data from a lost, stolen, retired, or reassigned device. Confirm the exact device and wipe scope first.

What is the point of separating corporate apps and data on a personal phone?

It lets the organization enforce work controls and remove managed data without treating the user's whole device as corporate property.

How do TCP and UDP differ?

TCP provides connection-oriented, ordered, acknowledged delivery; UDP sends low-overhead datagrams without built-in ordering or retransmission.

Which ports are associated with classic FTP?

TCP 21 carries control traffic, and TCP 20 is the traditional active-mode data port. FTP doesn't encrypt credentials or content by itself.

Which default port does SSH use, and what does it provide?

TCP 22. SSH provides encrypted remote command-line access and related secure services.

Which default port is traditionally used for SMTP server-to-server relay?

TCP 25. Mail clients commonly submit outgoing mail through a separate authenticated service.

Which port does DNS use?

Port 53: usually UDP for ordinary queries and TCP when the response or operation requires it.

Which ports carry DHCP client and server traffic?

UDP 68 for the client and UDP 67 for the server. A new client can broadcast before it has an address.

Which ports distinguish HTTP from HTTPS?

HTTP normally uses TCP 80; HTTPS normally uses TCP 443 and protects the session with TLS.

Which default port does POP3 use without TLS?

TCP 110. POP3 commonly downloads messages rather than synchronizing server-side folders like IMAP.

Which ports are associated with NetBIOS over TCP/IP?

Ports 137–139. Name service commonly uses 137, datagram service 138, and session service TCP 139.

Which default port does LDAP use?

Port 389, commonly TCP. LDAP provides directory queries and updates; protect credentials with an approved secure configuration.

Which default port does SMB/CIFS commonly use?

TCP 445. SMB commonly carries file and printer sharing.

Which default port does RDP use?

TCP 3389. RDP provides remote graphical access to a Windows system.

Which default port does Telnet use, and why is it avoided on untrusted networks?

TCP 23. Telnet sends remote-terminal traffic without SSH's encryption.

Which default port does IMAP use without TLS?

TCP 143. IMAP keeps mailbox state and folders synchronized on the server.

How do common 802.11 families map to Wi-Fi bands?

802.11b/g use 2.4 GHz; 802.11a/ac use 5 GHz; 802.11n can use 2.4 or 5 GHz; 802.11ax can use 2.4 or 5 GHz, with Wi-Fi 6E extending it to 6 GHz.

What is the tradeoff when selecting a wider Wi-Fi channel?

A wider channel can carry more data but occupies more spectrum and may overlap more neighbors. Use a width that clients, regulations, and local conditions support.

CompTIA A+ 220-1201 & 220-1202 Flashcards: Core 1 and Core 2

Review current CompTIA A+ V15 Core 1 and Core 2 objectives with original flashcards for hardware, networking, operating systems, security, commands, and troubleshooting.

نوشتهٔ Open Study Contributor

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جزئیات دسته

کارت‌ها: ۵۲۰ کارت
نسخه: ۱
منتشرشده: ۱۰ شهریور ۱۴۰۵
آخرین به‌روزرسانی: ۱۹ شهریور ۱۴۰۵
مجوز: Common knowledge · CC0 1.0
زبان‌های مخاطب: en
موضوع: Information technology
سطح: A+ 220-1201 and 220-1202
برچسب‌ها: a-plus, core-1, core-2

دسته‌های مشابه

دربارهٔ این دسته

CompTIA A+ 220-1201 & 220-1202 Flashcards: Core 1 and Core 2

Review the current V15 knowledge behind both CompTIA A+ exams in one 520-card package: 270 cards for Core 1 and 250 for Core 2. The deck covers mobile devices, networking, hardware, virtualization, cloud concepts, operating systems, security, commands, software support, operational procedures, and troubleshooting.

What the cards practice

The cards connect technologies, components, protocols, commands, and common acronyms with their purposes and key behavior. Separate retrieval prompts also work in the useful opposite direction: a technician task or requirement points to the right tool, setting, command, connector, or protocol. Short support scenarios ask for a likely cause, the first useful check, or the next corrective action. Ordered workflows are practiced only when the order matters on the job.

The deck does not mechanically reverse every fact or turn every source bullet into a card. It leaves out low-value acronym production, giant list prompts, unstable click paths, advanced material beyond the V15 entry-level boundary, and near-duplicate wording made only to increase the count.

Learning order

Core 1 starts with mobile hardware and connections, then builds through networking, physical hardware, virtualization, and cloud concepts before applying them to hardware and network troubleshooting. Core 2 moves from operating-system foundations into tools, commands, configuration, security, software troubleshooting, and day-to-day support operations. Inside each topic, recognition comes before selection and short diagnosis. Related forward and reverse cards are kept apart so one prompt does not give away the next.

Labs and PBQs

Flashcards are useful for recall and compact scenario decisions. They do not reproduce hands-on labs, performance-based questions, live command output, or the pressure and ambiguity of the certification exams. Use a real machine, lab environment, and lawful practice tests alongside this deck for installation, configuration, repair, and PBQ-style work.

Scope, provenance, and reuse

The live CompTIA Core 1 and Core 2 V15 pages and the current version 4.0 objective PDFs were reviewed on September 1, 2026. Both PDFs were last modified on November 25, 2025. They were used only to check the exam version, domain boundaries, weighting, and technical scope. Common technical facts are explained in original language and organized for retrieval practice. Public overview pages from three study tools were compared only for structure and learner expectations; their cards, questions, examples, explanations, and course text were not drafting input.

The Common knowledge · CC0 1.0 label applies to the deck’s original prompts, answers, organization, metadata, and generated cover to the extent applicable rights exist. It does not claim ownership of technical facts, CompTIA names, or third-party source material.

This deck is independently authored and unofficial. It is not affiliated with, endorsed by, or sponsored by CompTIA, Inc., and it uses no CompTIA logo or official trade dress.

No CompTIA exam questions, answers, performance-based questions, mark schemes, or objective wording were copied.

Current official requirements: Core 1 V15 (220-1201), Core 1 objectives PDF, Core 2 V15 (220-1202), and Core 2 objectives PDF.

کارت‌های این دسته

کارت ۱
پرسش
What is the safe response to a swollen mobile-device battery?
پاسخ
Power the device off, disconnect external power, and isolate it for approved battery service. Don't charge, puncture, press, or keep using the battery.
کارت ۲
پرسش
Which RAM form factor is common in serviceable laptops?
پاسخ
A SO-DIMM. Match its DDR generation, capacity support, and other platform requirements before installation.
کارت ۳
پرسش
What should you confirm before replacing laptop keys or a keyboard?
پاسخ
Confirm the model's replaceable unit and service procedure. Some keys are individually serviceable; other designs require the keyboard or full top case.
کارت ۴
پرسش
What protects data during a laptop HDD or SSD replacement?
پاسخ
A verified backup and migration plan. Also match the replacement drive's interface, form factor, and supported capacity.
کارت ۵
پرسش
How should tiny antenna leads be handled during wireless-card service?
پاسخ
Label their positions, lift each connector straight up with the proper tool, and reconnect it to the marked terminal. Pulling the wire can damage the lead.
کارت ۶
پرسش
Which built-in laptop components commonly provide physical privacy or identity checks?
پاسخ
Components such as fingerprint or facial-recognition hardware and near-field credential readers. Their firmware, drivers, permissions, and enrollment must all support the feature.
کارت ۷
پرسش
Why does Wi-Fi antenna placement matter after a laptop repair?
پاسخ
Correct routing and terminal placement preserve signal quality. A pinched cable, loose connector, or swapped main/aux lead can weaken wireless performance.
کارت ۸
پرسش
A replacement laptop camera has no image. What should you check before replacing it again?
پاسخ
Check its internal cable, privacy shutter or switch, firmware detection, driver, and app permission. A hardware replacement won't fix a blocked camera setting.
کارت ۹
پرسش
A built-in mobile-device microphone is silent. What should you check first?
پاسخ
Check the selected input, mute state, app permission, and microphone opening. Then inspect the internal connection if every app fails.
کارت ۱۰
پرسش
Why disconnect the internal battery before replacing laptop RAM, storage, or a display assembly?
پاسخ
To remove standby power from the board and reduce short-circuit risk. Follow the model's shutdown and battery-disconnection procedure.
کارت ۱۱
پرسش
What should guide any field replacement inside a thin mobile device?
پاسخ
The manufacturer's service instructions, warranty terms, and ESD precautions. Adhesives, hidden cables, and replaceable assemblies vary by model.
کارت ۱۲
پرسش
How do USB-C, microUSB, and miniUSB differ?
پاسخ
They are different connector shapes. USB-C is reversible; microUSB and miniUSB are older keyed designs, and none of the shapes alone guarantees a data speed.
کارت ۱۳
پرسش
What can a laptop docking station add through one host connection?
پاسخ
Power, displays, networking, storage, and peripheral ports. The host, dock, cable, and software must support the promised features.
کارت ۱۴
پرسش
What must match for a stylus to support pressure or precision input?
پاسخ
The stylus technology and the device's digitizer. A generic capacitive stylus may act like a finger but can't add unsupported active-pen features.
کارت ۱۵
پرسش
Which connector is associated with many older Apple mobile devices?
پاسخ
Lightning. Match the cable to the actual model because newer Apple devices may use USB-C.
کارت ۱۶
پرسش
How do a headset, external speaker, and webcam extend a mobile workstation?
پاسخ
A headset adds private audio input/output, a speaker adds room audio, and a webcam adds video input. Select each one in the app after connecting it.
کارت ۱۷
پرسش
How do a trackpad, drawing pad, and trackpoint differ?
پاسخ
A trackpad senses finger gestures, a drawing pad captures pen input, and a trackpoint moves the pointer from a small keyboard-mounted stick.
کارت ۱۸
پرسش
What is NFC commonly used for on a mobile device?
پاسخ
Very short-range exchanges such as tap-to-pay, credential reading, or quick pairing. Its short working distance supports deliberate tap-style use.
کارت ۱۹
پرسش
How is a port replicator different from a full docking station?
پاسخ
A port replicator mainly exposes additional connectors; a dock commonly adds broader capabilities such as charging, displays, or networking. Verify the product's actual feature list.
کارت ۲۰
پرسش
Which connection is the usual choice for nearby mobile headsets and keyboards?
پاسخ
Bluetooth. It provides short-range wireless accessory links with relatively low power use.
کارت ۲۱
پرسش
What does mobile tethering or hotspot mode do?
پاسخ
It shares the device's internet connection with another client, commonly over Wi-Fi, USB, or Bluetooth. The carrier plan may limit tethering or data use.
کارت ۲۲
پرسش
How do 3G, 4G, and 5G relate on a mobile device?
پاسخ
They are cellular network generations. Newer generations can offer more capacity or lower latency, but the device, SIM or eSIM, plan, coverage, and local network determine service.
کارت ۲۳
پرسش
What is the practical difference between a SIM and an eSIM?
پاسخ
A SIM is a removable identity module; an eSIM stores a carrier profile in embedded hardware. Both associate the device with cellular service.
کارت ۲۴
پرسش
What sequence pairs a Bluetooth accessory safely?
پاسخ
Enable Bluetooth, put the accessory in pairing mode, select the intended device, confirm any PIN or code, and test the connection.
کارت ۲۵
پرسش
How do GPS and cellular location services complement each other?
پاسخ
GPS derives position from satellites, while cellular and nearby-network data can speed or assist location. App permission and device settings control access.
کارت ۲۶
پرسش
Which radios should you check when a phone has neither local Wi-Fi nor wide-area data?
پاسخ
Check Wi-Fi and cellular data separately, along with airplane mode. One radio can be disabled while the other remains available.
کارت ۲۷
پرسش
What should you verify when adding mail to a mobile device?
پاسخ
Verify the account, credentials, incoming and outgoing server settings, security method, and network access. A correct password can't repair a wrong server setting.
کارت ۲۸
پرسش
A phone can browse on Wi-Fi but not through its hotspot. What should you check?
پاسخ
Check that hotspot service is enabled, cellular data works, the plan permits tethering, and the client has the correct hotspot password.
کارت ۲۹
پرسش
How should you test a newly configured mobile connection?
پاسخ
Test the intended path and service: join the correct network or carrier, verify addressing or signal, then open the required app or destination.
کارت ۳۰
پرسش
What does mobile device management provide?
پاسخ
Central enrollment, device configuration, policy enforcement, corporate-app deployment, inventory, and approved remote actions.
کارت ۳۱
پرسش
How do corporate-owned and BYOD management profiles usually differ?
پاسخ
Corporate-owned devices normally allow broader organizational control; BYOD profiles should isolate managed work data and respect the user's personal data under policy.
کارت ۳۲
پرسش
What should be checked when calendar, contacts, or business mail stops synchronizing?
پاسخ
Check connectivity, account sign-in, sync scope, device time, storage, and service status before removing the account.
کارت ۳۳
پرسش
Why do data caps matter to mobile synchronization?
پاسخ
Large mail, cloud-storage, or app sync jobs can consume metered cellular data. Choose what syncs and whether Wi-Fi is required.
کارت ۳۴
پرسش
When is an MDM remote wipe appropriate?
پاسخ
When policy authorizes removal of protected data from a lost, stolen, retired, or reassigned device. Confirm the exact device and wipe scope first.
کارت ۳۵
پرسش
What is the point of separating corporate apps and data on a personal phone?
پاسخ
It lets the organization enforce work controls and remove managed data without treating the user's whole device as corporate property.
کارت ۳۶
پرسش
How do TCP and UDP differ?
پاسخ
TCP provides connection-oriented, ordered, acknowledged delivery; UDP sends low-overhead datagrams without built-in ordering or retransmission.
کارت ۳۷
پرسش
Which ports are associated with classic FTP?
پاسخ
TCP 21 carries control traffic, and TCP 20 is the traditional active-mode data port. FTP doesn't encrypt credentials or content by itself.
کارت ۳۸
پرسش
Which default port does SSH use, and what does it provide?
پاسخ
TCP 22. SSH provides encrypted remote command-line access and related secure services.
کارت ۳۹
پرسش
Which default port is traditionally used for SMTP server-to-server relay?
پاسخ
TCP 25. Mail clients commonly submit outgoing mail through a separate authenticated service.
کارت ۴۰
پرسش
Which port does DNS use?
پاسخ
Port 53: usually UDP for ordinary queries and TCP when the response or operation requires it.
کارت ۴۱
پرسش
Which ports carry DHCP client and server traffic?
پاسخ
UDP 68 for the client and UDP 67 for the server. A new client can broadcast before it has an address.
کارت ۴۲
پرسش
Which ports distinguish HTTP from HTTPS?
پاسخ
HTTP normally uses TCP 80; HTTPS normally uses TCP 443 and protects the session with TLS.
کارت ۴۳
پرسش
Which default port does POP3 use without TLS?
پاسخ
TCP 110. POP3 commonly downloads messages rather than synchronizing server-side folders like IMAP.
کارت ۴۴
پرسش
Which ports are associated with NetBIOS over TCP/IP?
پاسخ
Ports 137–139. Name service commonly uses 137, datagram service 138, and session service TCP 139.
کارت ۴۵
پرسش
Which default port does LDAP use?
پاسخ
Port 389, commonly TCP. LDAP provides directory queries and updates; protect credentials with an approved secure configuration.
کارت ۴۶
پرسش
Which default port does SMB/CIFS commonly use?
پاسخ
TCP 445. SMB commonly carries file and printer sharing.
کارت ۴۷
پرسش
Which default port does RDP use?
پاسخ
TCP 3389. RDP provides remote graphical access to a Windows system.
کارت ۴۸
پرسش
Which default port does Telnet use, and why is it avoided on untrusted networks?
پاسخ
TCP 23. Telnet sends remote-terminal traffic without SSH's encryption.
کارت ۴۹
پرسش
Which default port does IMAP use without TLS?
پاسخ
TCP 143. IMAP keeps mailbox state and folders synchronized on the server.
کارت ۵۰
پرسش
How do common 802.11 families map to Wi-Fi bands?
پاسخ
802.11b/g use 2.4 GHz; 802.11a/ac use 5 GHz; 802.11n can use 2.4 or 5 GHz; 802.11ax can use 2.4 or 5 GHz, with Wi-Fi 6E extending it to 6 GHz.
کارت ۵۱
پرسش
What is the tradeoff when selecting a wider Wi-Fi channel?
پاسخ
A wider channel can carry more data but occupies more spectrum and may overlap more neighbors. Use a width that clients, regulations, and local conditions support.
کارت ۵۲
پرسش
What networking role does Bluetooth fill?
پاسخ
Short-range personal-area links for accessories and nearby devices. It trades range and throughput for convenience and relatively low power use.
کارت ۵۳
پرسش
How do the 2.4, 5, and 6 GHz Wi-Fi bands generally differ?
پاسخ
2.4 GHz usually reaches farther but is crowded; 5 GHz offers more capacity with less wall penetration; 6 GHz adds clean spectrum for compatible devices but typically has the shortest reach.
کارت ۵۴
پرسش
How does NFC differ from general-purpose Wi-Fi?
پاسخ
NFC handles deliberate, very short-range exchanges; Wi-Fi provides a longer-range network connection with much higher throughput.
کارت ۵۵
پرسش
What should guide Wi-Fi channel selection?
پاسخ
Local regulations, a spectrum or Wi-Fi survey, channel width, band support, interference, and neighboring use. Choose from measured conditions, then retest where users work.
کارت ۵۶
پرسش
What is RFID used for?
پاسخ
Identifying or tracking tagged objects by radio. Readers can work with passive or powered tags at ranges set by the RFID system.
کارت ۵۷
پرسش
What distinguishes Wi-Fi 6E from ordinary Wi-Fi 6 operation?
پاسخ
Wi-Fi 6E permits compatible 802.11ax devices to use the 6 GHz band. Both the client and access point must support that band.
کارت ۵۸
پرسش
How do DNS and DHCP server roles differ?
پاسخ
DNS resolves names to records; DHCP leases IP configuration such as an address, mask, gateway, and DNS servers.
کارت ۵۹
پرسش
How do file and print servers centralize shared resources?
پاسخ
A file server hosts shared data and permissions; a print server manages printer queues, drivers, and access.
کارت ۶۰
پرسش
How do mail and web servers differ?
پاسخ
A mail server transfers or stores messages; a web server returns site or application content over HTTP or HTTPS.
کارت ۶۱
پرسش
Why would a network use both syslog and NTP servers?
پاسخ
Syslog centralizes event messages, while NTP aligns device clocks so those events have comparable timestamps.
کارت ۶۲
پرسش
How do AAA and database servers differ?
پاسخ
An AAA server handles authentication, authorization, and accounting; a database server stores and queries structured application data.
کارت ۶۳
پرسش
How do a spam gateway and a proxy serve different traffic?
پاسخ
A spam gateway filters mail flow; a proxy relays client requests and may enforce filtering, logging, or caching for supported services.
کارت ۶۴
پرسش
How do a UTM appliance and a load balancer differ?
پاسخ
A UTM combines gateway security controls; a load balancer distributes requests across service instances for capacity or availability.
کارت ۶۵
پرسش
Why do legacy and embedded network systems need cautious support planning?
پاسخ
They may have fixed software, limited interfaces, or long service lives. Isolate them, preserve required compatibility, and change them only within vendor and operational constraints.
کارت ۶۶
پرسش
What does SCADA monitor or control?
پاسخ
Industrial processes and equipment. Availability and physical safety requirements belong in every support decision.
کارت ۶۷
پرسش
Why are IoT devices often placed on a separate network?
پاسخ
Segmentation limits what an outdated or compromised device can reach and makes its traffic easier to manage.
کارت ۶۸
پرسش
Match DNS A, AAAA, CNAME, and MX records to their jobs.
پاسخ
A maps a hostname to IPv4, AAAA maps it to IPv6, CNAME aliases one hostname to another, and MX identifies a domain's mail exchangers.
کارت ۶۹
پرسش
How do a DHCP scope and exclusion differ?
پاسخ
The scope defines the address pool and options DHCP can offer; an exclusion removes selected addresses from automatic leasing.
کارت ۷۰
پرسش
What does a VLAN create on switched infrastructure?
پاسخ
A logical Layer 2 broadcast domain. It separates traffic without requiring a different physical switch for every segment.
کارت ۷۱
پرسش
What does a VPN protect?
پاسخ
Traffic across an untrusted network by creating an authenticated encrypted tunnel. Endpoint security and resource permissions still matter.
کارت ۷۲
پرسش
How do DNS TXT records support SPF, DKIM, and DMARC?
پاسخ
TXT records publish mail-policy data: SPF lists authorized senders, DKIM exposes keys for signature checks, and DMARC sets alignment policy and reporting.
کارت ۷۳
پرسش
How do a DHCP lease and reservation differ?
پاسخ
A lease is a time-limited address assignment; a reservation consistently offers a chosen address to a specific client, usually by MAC address.
کارت ۷۴
پرسش
How do access and trunk switch ports handle VLANs?
پاسخ
An access port normally carries one endpoint VLAN; a trunk carries tagged traffic for multiple VLANs.
کارت ۷۵
پرسش
When would you choose a site-to-site VPN instead of a client VPN?
پاسخ
Choose site-to-site for a persistent protected link between networks; choose a client VPN for an individual endpoint connecting remotely.
کارت ۷۶
پرسش
How do routers and Ethernet switches differ?
پاسخ
A router forwards packets between IP networks; a switch forwards local frames using learned MAC-address locations.
کارت ۷۷
پرسش
What does a wireless access point do?
پاسخ
It bridges compatible wireless clients onto a wired LAN. Routing, DHCP, and internet access may come from other devices.
کارت ۷۸
پرسش
What is a patch panel's role?
پاسخ
It passively terminates and organizes permanent cable runs. Patch cords connect those runs to active equipment such as switches.
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What is a firewall's core job?
پاسخ
It permits or blocks traffic according to security rules. Logs help explain why expected traffic was accepted or denied.
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How do managed and unmanaged switches differ?
پاسخ
A managed switch exposes configuration and monitoring such as VLANs; an unmanaged switch provides basic switching with little or no administration.
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How can PoE be supplied, and what must match?
پاسخ
A PoE switch or injector can supply it. The source standard, powered device, cable, per-port state, and total power budget must be compatible.
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Match cable modem, DSL modem, ONT, and NIC to their access roles.
پاسخ
Cable and DSL modems terminate coax and telephone-copper services; an ONT terminates provider fiber; a NIC connects the host and carries its physical MAC address.
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How do private and public IPv4 addresses differ?
پاسخ
Private ranges are used inside networks and aren't routed on the public internet; a public address is globally routable when assigned. NAT often translates between them.
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What does a 169.254.x.x IPv4 address usually indicate?
پاسخ
APIPA self-assignment after the host failed to obtain DHCP configuration. Check the link and path to DHCP.
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When should a SOHO device use static rather than dynamic IP configuration?
پاسخ
Use static or reserved addressing when a predictable endpoint is required; use DHCP for ordinary clients that can accept leased settings.
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What does an IPv4 subnet mask tell a host?
پاسخ
Which address bits identify the local network. The host uses it to decide whether to send directly or through a gateway.
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How does IPv6 addressing differ from IPv4 addressing?
پاسخ
IPv6 uses 128-bit hexadecimal addresses; IPv4 uses 32-bit dotted-decimal addresses. Both still require correct local and routing configuration.
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What does a default gateway provide?
پاسخ
The next hop for destinations outside the local subnet. It is normally the local router interface for that network.
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How do fiber, cable, and DSL internet access differ?
پاسخ
Fiber carries light and offers high capacity; cable uses a shared coax access network; DSL carries broadband over telephone copper and depends strongly on line distance and quality.
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How do PAN, LAN, and WLAN differ?
پاسخ
A PAN links one person's nearby devices, a LAN serves a local site, and a WLAN is the wireless form of a local-area network.
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When are cellular, WISP, and satellite internet useful?
پاسخ
Cellular uses mobile coverage, a WISP uses a terrestrial provider radio link, and satellite reaches beyond many ground networks. Signal, latency, limits, and availability guide the choice.
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How do MAN and WAN scopes differ?
پاسخ
A MAN links sites across a city or metropolitan area; a WAN spans larger geographic distances and joins multiple networks.
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What is a storage area network?
پاسخ
A SAN is a dedicated network that presents shared block storage to servers. It is different from an ordinary user LAN or file share.
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Which tools prepare and terminate a modular copper cable?
پاسخ
A cable stripper removes the jacket; a crimper attaches a compatible modular plug. Use the intended pinout, then test the cable.
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How do a punchdown tool and cable tester support a permanent cable run?
پاسخ
The punchdown tool seats conductors into an IDC block; the tester checks continuity and wire-map faults after termination.
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How do a toner probe and loopback plug answer different network questions?
پاسخ
A tone generator and probe identify a cable's far end; a loopback plug tests whether a port can transmit and receive through its own interface.
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How do a Wi-Fi analyzer and network tap differ?
پاسخ
A Wi-Fi analyzer measures nearby wireless networks and channels; a network tap exposes a link's traffic to monitoring equipment without becoming the endpoint.
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How do IPS, TN, and VA LCD panels generally differ?
پاسخ
IPS favors color consistency and viewing angles, TN favors fast response at low cost, and VA favors contrast. Actual panel quality still varies.
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How do OLED and Mini-LED displays produce light?
پاسخ
OLED pixels emit their own light; Mini-LED is an LCD that uses many small backlight zones. OLED can show deep blacks, while Mini-LED can reach high brightness without organic pixels.
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What does a touchscreen digitizer do?
پاسخ
It detects touch or compatible stylus position. The display creates the image; the digitizer reports input coordinates.
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What does an inverter do in an older LCD backlight system?
پاسخ
It converts power for the fluorescent backlight. Modern LED-backlit panels use different driver electronics.
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How do screen resolution and pixel density differ?
پاسخ
Resolution is the number of addressable pixels; pixel density is how tightly those pixels fit in a physical area. Both affect perceived detail.
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What do refresh rate and color gamut describe?
پاسخ
Refresh rate is how often the image can update each second; color gamut is the range of colors the display can reproduce.
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How do Cat 5e, Cat 6, and Cat 6A Ethernet cable capabilities compare?
پاسخ
Cat 5e commonly supports 1 Gb/s to 100 m; Cat 6 improves noise performance and can support 10 Gb/s on shorter runs; Cat 6A is designed for 10 Gb/s to 100 m.
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How do HDMI and DisplayPort fit typical display setups?
پاسخ
Both carry digital video and audio. HDMI is common on TVs and consumer equipment; DisplayPort is common on PCs and monitors, with features set by the negotiated versions.
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What is the practical difference between T568A and T568B terminations?
پاسخ
They place the green and orange pairs in different pin positions. Use one recognized scheme consistently at both plug and punchdown-block terminations for a normal straight-through run.
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Which cable ratings suit EMI, outdoor burial, and air-handling spaces?
پاسخ
Unshielded twisted pair suits ordinary low-interference runs, shielded twisted pair helps with EMI, direct-burial cable resists outdoor moisture, and plenum-rated cable limits flame spread and smoke in plenum spaces.
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Match RJ11, RJ45, and F-type connectors to common cabling.
پاسخ
RJ11 is commonly used for telephone wiring, the 8P8C connector called RJ45 for twisted-pair Ethernet, and F-type for threaded coax connections.
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How do DVI and VGA differ?
پاسخ
DVI variants may carry digital video, analog video, or both; VGA carries analog video through a 15-pin D-sub connector.
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How do single-mode and multimode fiber differ, and which connectors may terminate them?
پاسخ
Single-mode uses a small core for long links; multimode uses a larger core for shorter links. ST, SC, and LC are connector styles that must match the link hardware and fiber type.
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What should you infer from USB 2.0, USB 3.x, microUSB, miniUSB, USB-C, and Lightning labels?
پاسخ
USB 2.0 and 3.x describe protocol capabilities. MicroUSB, miniUSB, and USB-C are USB connector families; Lightning is a separate Apple connector. Plug shape alone doesn't guarantee speed or video support.
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How do SATA, eSATA, and Molex relate to storage connections?
پاسخ
SATA carries internal drive data, eSATA extends SATA to an external connector, and a Molex plug is a legacy power connector. Data and power paths are separate.
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Which legacy peripheral link commonly uses a DB9 connector?
پاسخ
A serial connection such as RS-232. It sends data sequentially and is still used for some console and industrial equipment.
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When does a cable adapter need active electronics?
پاسخ
When the source and destination use different signaling, not just different plug shapes. A passive adapter only changes compatible wiring; an active adapter converts the signal.
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Where are DIMM and SO-DIMM modules normally used?
پاسخ
Full-size DIMMs normally fit desktop or server boards; shorter SO-DIMMs fit many laptops and compact systems.
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Why doesn't every USB-C cable provide Thunderbolt or display output?
پاسخ
USB-C names the connector. Thunderbolt, USB speed, charging level, and video alternate modes require matching support from the port, cable, and device.
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Can one DDR memory generation be installed in another generation's slot?
پاسخ
No. DDR generations use different electrical designs and keying, so the module must match the motherboard.
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How does ECC RAM differ from non-ECC RAM?
پاسخ
ECC can detect and correct certain memory errors; non-ECC lacks that protection. The CPU and motherboard must support ECC.
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What does a dual- or multi-channel memory configuration require?
پاسخ
Compatible modules installed in the motherboard's paired channel slots. The board manual identifies the correct population order.
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What happens when compatible RAM modules have different rated speeds?
پاسخ
They normally operate at a mutually supported speed, often the slower module's rate. Platform and firmware limits can reduce it further.
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What limits a system's usable RAM capacity?
پاسخ
The CPU memory controller, motherboard, firmware, operating system, and supported module layout. Check the platform documentation before buying modules.
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How do RAID 0 and RAID 1 trade capacity for protection?
پاسخ
RAID 0 stripes data for capacity and performance but has no redundancy; RAID 1 mirrors data and can survive one member failure.
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How do 2.5-inch and 3.5-inch HDDs, spindle speed, and workload affect a drive choice?
پاسخ
The bay and interface must fit the form factor; faster spindle speed can improve access but adds heat, noise, and power use. Workload and capacity still matter.
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How do SATA SSDs and NVMe SSDs communicate?
پاسخ
A SATA SSD uses the SATA storage interface; an NVMe SSD uses PCIe for lower-latency flash access. The slot and firmware must support the selected signaling.
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Which removable media suit portable files, camera storage, and optical archives?
پاسخ
USB flash drives suit general transfers, memory cards suit compact devices such as cameras, and optical discs require a drive that supports the disc format.
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How do RAID 5 and RAID 6 differ?
پاسخ
RAID 5 needs at least three drives and tolerates one member failure; RAID 6 needs at least four and uses dual parity to tolerate two.
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What distinguishes SAS from SATA storage?
پاسخ
SAS is an enterprise-oriented serial SCSI interface with features such as dual-port support; SATA is common in client storage. The drive and controller interface must match.
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How do M.2 and mSATA differ?
پاسخ
M.2 is a keyed form-factor family that may carry SATA or PCIe/NVMe; mSATA is an older compact form factor that carries SATA signaling.
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When is an SSD preferable to an HDD?
پاسخ
Choose an SSD for low-latency, shock-resistant storage; choose an HDD when low-cost bulk capacity matters more. Neither removes the need for backup.
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How do ATX, microATX, and Mini-ITX motherboard form factors affect a build?
پاسخ
They differ in board size, mounting layout, and typical expansion capacity. The case, power supply, and required slots must fit the board.
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Match common motherboard connectors to their jobs.
پاسخ
PCI and PCIe host expansion cards; SATA and eSATA carry storage data; M.2 hosts compact devices; headers connect case features; power connectors feed the board and CPU.
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What does RAID 10 provide?
پاسخ
Striping across mirrored pairs, normally using at least four drives. It combines performance with redundancy, but surviving multiple failures depends on which members fail.
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What must match before installing an AMD or Intel CPU?
پاسخ
The CPU socket, chipset, firmware, and thermal design must support that exact processor. Multisocket boards also require a supported processor combination.
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Which UEFI settings commonly control startup and hardware access?
پاسخ
Boot order, removable-media boot, USB permissions, fan behavior, temperature monitoring, and virtualization support. Change only the setting required for the task.
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How do Secure Boot, a boot password, and a firmware setup password differ?
پاسخ
Secure Boot verifies trusted boot software; a boot password challenges startup; a setup password restricts firmware changes.
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How do x86, x64, and ARM CPU architectures affect compatibility?
پاسخ
They use different instruction-set families; x86 is 32-bit, x64 extends that family to 64-bit, and ARM uses a RISC design. The OS and applications need compatible builds.
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What does adding CPU cores improve?
پاسخ
Parallel work when software can use the cores. Architecture, clock speed, cooling, memory, and workload still shape performance.
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Match sound, video, capture, and network expansion cards to their jobs.
پاسخ
Sound cards handle audio I/O, video cards render graphics, capture cards ingest external media signals, and NICs add network connectivity.
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How do a TPM and HSM support encryption differently?
پاسخ
A TPM is a system security chip for protected keys and platform measurements; an HSM is a dedicated device or service for controlled cryptographic key operations.
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How do fans and heat sinks work together?
پاسخ
A heat sink spreads component heat across fins; fans move air across those fins and through the case.
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Why are thermal paste or pads placed between a chip and cooler?
پاسخ
They fill microscopic gaps so heat transfers efficiently. Use the specified material and amount.
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What extra components does liquid CPU cooling add to diagnosis?
پاسخ
A pump, coolant path, radiator, fans, tubing, and seals. Verify mounting, flow, airflow, and leaks.
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What hardware and firmware support may a hypervisor require?
پاسخ
A compatible CPU virtualization feature enabled in UEFI, plus enough memory, storage, networking, and security controls for its guests.
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What must be checked when a PSU can receive 110–120 VAC or 220–240 VAC?
پاسخ
Its input range and selector behavior. Use the local mains range and never guess with a manual voltage switch.
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What do the 3.3 V, 5 V, and 12 V PSU rails typically power?
پاسخ
They supply different component circuits: 3.3 V and 5 V serve logic and peripherals, while 12 V commonly feeds CPU/GPU regulators, motors, and fans.
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What does a 20+4-pin ATX connector power?
پاسخ
The motherboard's main input. The CPU normally needs a separate 4- or 8-pin EPS-style connection.
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How should PSU wattage be chosen?
پاسخ
Add the system's realistic peak demand and sensible headroom, then confirm connector, rail, and quality requirements. A large wattage label alone doesn't prove suitability.
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What is the advantage and main caution of a modular PSU?
پاسخ
Detachable cables reduce clutter, but only cables approved for that exact PSU should be used. Modular pinouts aren't universally interchangeable.
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What does a redundant power supply provide?
پاسخ
Two or more power modules so one can fail without immediately stopping the system. Redundancy still needs correct capacity and monitoring.
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Why does PSU efficiency matter?
پاسخ
Higher efficiency wastes less input power as heat at a given load. Efficiency certification doesn't replace checks for electrical quality, capacity, or connectors.
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How does a laser printer create and fix an image?
پاسخ
It forms an electrostatic image, applies toner, and bonds the toner with a heated fuser. Toner, drum, transfer, and fuser parts all affect output.
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What should be checked when unboxing and placing a multifunction printer?
پاسخ
Remove shipping locks, allow service clearance and ventilation, match power and network access, load supported media, and choose a stable location.
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How do PCL and PostScript printer drivers differ?
پاسخ
PCL is common for fast office output and can vary by device; PostScript describes pages in a device-independent way that suits complex graphics. Use the printer's supported driver.
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What should be verified when choosing USB, Ethernet, or Wi-Fi for a printer?
پاسخ
Verify the intended users, cable or signal path, addressing, security, firmware, and driver support. USB serves a local host; network links serve reachable clients.
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Which parts and maintenance tasks are typical for an inkjet printer?
پاسخ
Ink cartridges, printheads, pickup rollers, and feeders. Clean or align printheads, replace approved cartridges, clear jams, and service feed parts as needed.
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How do printer sharing and a print server differ?
پاسخ
A printer share exposes a queue from a host; a print server centralizes queues, drivers, permissions, and management for many clients.
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Which settings commonly change a print job's physical output?
پاسخ
Duplex, portrait or landscape orientation, paper tray and size, and quality. The application, driver, and device settings must agree.
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Which controls protect a public or shared printer?
پاسخ
User authentication or badging, secure print release, appropriate permissions, and audit logs. They reduce abandoned sensitive output and trace approved use.
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How does a direct thermal printer work and what maintenance does it need?
پاسخ
Heat darkens special thermal paper. Replace the paper correctly, clean the heating element and feed path, and remove debris.
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Where can a network multifunction device send scans?
پاسخ
Common destinations are email, an SMB file share, or an approved cloud service. Configure credentials, permissions, addressing, and encryption for the destination.
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When should you use an ADF instead of a flatbed scanner?
پاسخ
Use the automatic document feeder for stacks of loose pages; use the flatbed for fragile, bound, thick, or single originals.
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What does printer calibration correct?
پاسخ
Placement, density, alignment, or color registration. Run the maker's procedure after relevant part or image-quality changes.
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Why does an impact printer suit multipart forms?
پاسخ
Pins strike an inked ribbon and physically transfer the mark through layered paper. The mechanism is noisy but can mark multiple copies.
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What does a laser-printer maintenance kit commonly refresh?
پاسخ
Wear parts such as rollers and the fuser, as defined for that model. Replace depleted toner, install the kit at its service interval, calibrate when output shifts, and clean only through approved paths.
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How do inkjet feed and printhead maintenance address different faults?
پاسخ
Roller and feeder service fixes paper movement; printhead cleaning or alignment fixes missing or misplaced ink. Use the symptom to choose the maintenance.
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What is a virtual machine?
پاسخ
A software-defined computer with virtual CPU, memory, storage, and devices that runs a guest operating system on a host.
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Where does a Type 1 hypervisor run?
پاسخ
Directly on the host hardware. This bare-metal design is common in servers and virtualization platforms.
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Why use a VM as a sandbox or test environment?
پاسخ
It isolates a disposable environment from the main workload and makes repeatable testing easier. Isolation reduces risk but doesn't make untrusted code harmless.
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Which VM resources must be sized against real host capacity?
پاسخ
vCPU, memory, storage space, and I/O. Overcommitting them can make several guests compete for the same hardware.
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What does application virtualization do?
پاسخ
It packages, streams, or isolates an application from the base installation. It can simplify delivery or preserve some legacy applications without virtualizing a whole desktop.
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Where does a Type 2 hypervisor run?
پاسخ
As an application on a host operating system. It is convenient for desktop labs, testing, and occasional guests.
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Which security layers need attention on a virtualization host?
پاسخ
The host, hypervisor, management access, guest OSs, virtual networks, and images. Patch and isolate each layer according to its role.
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What must be planned for VM networking?
پاسخ
Addressing, virtual switch or NAT mode, segmentation, bandwidth, and access controls. A guest still needs a deliberate path to required services.
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What does VDI deliver?
پاسخ
Centrally hosted desktop sessions to remote clients. Compute and management stay in the data center or cloud rather than on each endpoint.
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What must be planned for VM storage?
پاسخ
Capacity, performance, snapshots, backup, and failure location. A snapshot on the same datastore isn't a complete backup.
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How does a container differ from a typical VM?
پاسخ
A container isolates an application while sharing the host kernel; a VM normally includes a full guest operating system.
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How can virtualization support legacy or cross-platform workloads?
پاسخ
A compatible guest OS or virtualized application layer can preserve the required environment. CPU architecture, licenses, drivers, and hardware access still constrain compatibility.
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What does a container image provide?
پاسخ
A repeatable application filesystem and configuration used to start containers. Running containers add temporary writable state unless storage is attached.
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A virtualization option is unavailable. What should you verify?
پاسخ
Verify CPU and platform support, then enable the required virtualization feature in UEFI if policy allows. Also confirm that another hypervisor hasn't claimed it.
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What defines a public cloud?
پاسخ
It is offered for open use by the general public and operated by a cloud provider. Its resources may be shared or dedicated, depending on the service.
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What does IaaS provide?
پاسخ
Cloud compute, networking, and storage infrastructure. The customer usually manages the operating system, applications, identities, and data.
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What is cloud elasticity?
پاسخ
The ability to add or remove resources as demand changes, automatically or on request.
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What does metered cloud utilization measure?
پاسخ
Consumed resources such as compute time, storage, requests, or transferred data for reporting, limits, and billing.
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What defines a private cloud?
پاسخ
Cloud infrastructure reserved for one organization. It can run on-site or be hosted and operated by a provider.
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What does SaaS provide?
پاسخ
A complete provider-run application accessed as a service. The customer mainly manages users, settings, and data.
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How do shared and dedicated cloud resources differ?
پاسخ
Shared resources serve multiple customers with logical isolation; dedicated resources are reserved for one customer. Either can appear in a provider's public-cloud offering.
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What is high availability designed to reduce?
پاسخ
Service downtime from component or location failure through redundancy and failover.
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What is a hybrid cloud?
پاسخ
A coordinated use of private-cloud and public-cloud environments, with workloads or data placed where their requirements fit.
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What does PaaS provide?
پاسخ
A managed application platform and runtime. Developers deploy code while the provider manages more of the operating system and infrastructure.
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What do cloud ingress and egress mean?
پاسخ
Ingress is data entering the cloud service; egress is data leaving it. Providers often meter them differently, and egress can create a notable cost.
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What does cloud multitenancy mean?
پاسخ
Multiple customers use provider infrastructure while their workloads and data remain logically isolated.
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What is a community cloud?
پاسخ
Cloud infrastructure reserved for organizations with shared requirements, such as a sector or policy need, rather than for unrestricted public use.
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What does FaaS run?
پاسخ
Event-triggered functions without the customer managing servers directly. The provider manages the execution environment and scaling mechanics.
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Does using a cloud service remove the customer's security duties?
پاسخ
No. Responsibility is shared: the provider protects its service layers, while the customer still manages assigned areas such as identities, settings, applications, and data.
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What can happen when two offline devices edit the same cloud-synchronized file?
پاسخ
A synchronization conflict. Preserve both versions, let sync finish, compare the changes, and keep the intended content.
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A PC stops at POST with a beep or status-light pattern. What should you do next?
پاسخ
Look up the exact pattern in the system or motherboard service documentation, then test the indicated component.
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A desktop shows no lights or fan movement. Where should power diagnosis start?
پاسخ
At the outlet, power strip, cord, PSU input switch, and main internal power connections. Move from the source inward.
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A PC shows a proprietary crash screen. What evidence should you collect first?
پاسخ
Record the stop code and recent hardware changes, then check memory, storage, drivers, temperature, and logs indicated by that code.
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A PC powers on but the screen stays blank. What hardware checks come first?
پاسخ
Check display power and input, video cabling, GPU seating or power, and whether POST completes. Test one known-good display path at a time.
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A computer is sluggish under ordinary work. Which hardware conditions should you check?
پاسخ
Check temperature and throttling, RAM pressure, storage health and free space, CPU load, and background I/O before replacing parts.
کارت ۲۰۱
پرسش
A PC becomes unstable as CPU temperature rises. What should you inspect?
پاسخ
Inspect fan operation, heat-sink mounting, thermal material, dust, filters, and case airflow. The CPU may throttle or shut down to protect itself.
کارت ۲۰۲
پرسش
You smell burning from a powered computer. What is the immediate action?
پاسخ
Shut it down and disconnect power. Don't keep testing until the damaged power or board component has been safely identified.
کارت ۲۰۳
پرسش
A PC shuts down randomly only during heavy GPU work. What should you test?
پاسخ
Test PSU capacity and condition, GPU power leads, temperature, and event logs. Peak load can expose weak power or cooling.
کارت ۲۰۴
پرسش
Applications crash randomly after new RAM is installed. What should you do?
پاسخ
Verify compatibility and slot placement, reseat the modules, and run a memory diagnostic. Test modules separately if needed.
کارت ۲۰۵
پرسش
A computer develops an unusual fan or grinding noise. What should you inspect?
پاسخ
Inspect fans, cables, pumps, drives, dust, and mounting points while the system is safely powered down when contact is possible.
کارت ۲۰۶
پرسش
What should you do after finding a swollen motherboard capacitor?
پاسخ
Disconnect power and replace the failed board or arrange qualified component service. Don't keep operating a board with a visibly failing capacitor.
کارت ۲۰۷
پرسش
A PC loses its date and time whenever it is unplugged. What is the likely cause?
پاسخ
A weak motherboard coin-cell battery. Replace it with the specified type and restore any lost firmware settings.
کارت ۲۰۸
پرسش
Firmware reports less RAM than is installed. What is the first corrective step?
پاسخ
Power down, follow ESD precautions, and reseat the modules in the recommended slots. Then test compatibility, sticks, and slots methodically.
کارت ۲۰۹
پرسش
A newly installed CPU isn't recognized even though it fits the socket. What should you verify?
پاسخ
Verify chipset and firmware support, CPU power, contact condition, seating, and cooling. Physical fit alone doesn't prove compatibility.
کارت ۲۱۰
پرسش
How can you isolate a motherboard, CPU, RAM, or PSU no-POST fault?
پاسخ
Reduce the system to minimum required hardware, confirm known-good power, and add components back one at a time.
کارت ۲۱۱
پرسش
A storage controller shows a warning LED or audible alarm. What should you do first?
پاسخ
Read the controller's exact status, preserve a current backup, and identify the affected drive or array before replacing anything.
کارت ۲۱۲
پرسش
A hard drive clicks or grinds while reads fail. What should you prioritize?
پاسخ
Stop unnecessary activity, preserve recoverable data, and replace the drive. Repeated testing can worsen a mechanical failure.
کارت ۲۱۳
پرسش
A PC reports no bootable device. Which checks come first?
پاسخ
Check firmware drive detection and boot order, then data and power connections. If the drive is detected, check its health before changing partitions.
کارت ۲۱۴
پرسش
Files are corrupt or missing after storage errors. What should you do?
پاسخ
Stop writes, preserve the affected media, restore from a verified backup when appropriate, and diagnose the drive, controller, memory, and filesystem cause.
کارت ۲۱۵
پرسش
A controller reports an array missing. What should you avoid?
پاسخ
Don't initialize or recreate it blindly. Check controller configuration, cabling, power, member detection, and the documented recovery path first.
کارت ۲۱۶
پرسش
A drive has unusually long read and write times. What should you inspect?
پاسخ
Inspect health data, errors, cable or link negotiation, free space, workload, temperature, and the storage interface.
کارت ۲۱۷
پرسش
What should you do after a S.M.A.R.T. failure warning?
پاسخ
Back up important data immediately and plan drive replacement. A health warning isn't something to clear and ignore.
کارت ۲۱۸
پرسش
Firmware sees a drive, but the operating system doesn't. What should you check?
پاسخ
Check OS storage management, drivers, bus support, partitions, and whether the disk is offline. Don't initialize a disk that may contain needed data.
کارت ۲۱۹
پرسش
A RAID array is degraded after a member fails. What is the safe response?
پاسخ
Confirm the failed member, verify backup, replace it through the controller's procedure, and monitor the rebuild. Don't remove a healthy member by guesswork.
کارت ۲۲۰
پرسش
What can cause low storage IOPS even when capacity is available?
پاسخ
A saturated or slow device, high queue depth, contention, thermal throttling, controller limits, or an unsuitable RAID layout.
کارت ۲۲۱
پرسش
A monitor reports no signal. What should you check first?
پاسخ
Check power, selected input, cable seating, adapter compatibility, and whether the computer is producing video.
کارت ۲۲۲
پرسش
A projector is dim or shuts down intermittently. What should you inspect?
پاسخ
Inspect the bulb or light source, filters, vents, temperature, brightness settings, room light, and service-life indicators.
کارت ۲۲۳
پرسش
Text looks fuzzy or the desktop doesn't fit the screen. Which settings should you verify?
پاسخ
Verify native resolution, scaling, aspect ratio, and any overscan setting. Then check cable and adapter quality.
کارت ۲۲۴
پرسش
How do display burn-in and a dead pixel differ?
پاسخ
Burn-in is persistent image retention across an area; a dead or stuck pixel is a fixed point defect. Confirm each with varied full-screen test images.
کارت ۲۲۵
پرسش
A display flashes or flickers at a new refresh rate. What should you check?
پاسخ
Check that the display, GPU, port, cable, resolution, and refresh rate combination is supported.
کارت ۲۲۶
پرسش
A projected image is trapezoidal or distorted. What should you adjust?
پاسخ
Correct projector position, angle, focus, and aspect ratio first; use keystone correction only as needed.
کارت ۲۲۷
پرسش
A monitor shows incorrect colors. How do you isolate the cause?
پاسخ
Check color settings and profiles, reseat or replace the cable, test another input or display, and inspect GPU output and drivers.
کارت ۲۲۸
پرسش
Video works over HDMI or DisplayPort, but audio doesn't. What should you check?
پاسخ
Check the OS playback device, application output, display volume, cable capability, and whether the adapter carries audio.
کارت ۲۲۹
پرسش
A laptop LCD shows a faint image only under a flashlight. Which area is likely failing?
پاسخ
The backlight or its power/driver path. The faint picture shows that image data still reaches the panel.
کارت ۲۳۰
پرسش
A phone battery drains much faster than usual. What should you check first?
پاسخ
Check battery health and recent screen, app, radio, and location use. Confirm the usage change before replacing hardware.
کارت ۲۳۱
پرسش
A phone has a broken screen but still receives notifications. What should guide the repair?
پاسخ
Back up accessible data, stop using sharp or exposed surfaces, and determine whether the glass, display, digitizer, or full assembly is replaceable.
کارت ۲۳۲
پرسش
A phone won't charge and its port looks damaged. What is the safe first test?
پاسخ
Inspect without metal tools, then try a known-good compatible cable and charger. Use wireless charging only if the device supports it and the battery is safe.
کارت ۲۳۳
پرسش
A phone has poor or no connectivity. What should you isolate?
پاسخ
Test Wi-Fi, cellular, and Bluetooth separately; check airplane mode, signal, account or SIM/eSIM state, and the specific network settings.
کارت ۲۳۴
پرسش
A battery is pushing a mobile-device case apart. What should you do?
پاسخ
Power it down, stop charging it, and arrange approved battery service. Don't press the case closed.
کارت ۲۳۵
پرسش
A mobile device gets wet. Why should you avoid powering or charging it?
پاسخ
Moisture can cause shorts and corrosion. Shut it down and follow the manufacturer's drying or service guidance.
کارت ۲۳۶
پرسش
Touch input drifts or misses one area. What should you check?
پاسخ
Check screen cleanliness and protectors, test calibration if supported, compare apps, and inspect the digitizer connection or damage.
کارت ۲۳۷
پرسش
A phone slows down and overheats during light use. What should you inspect?
پاسخ
Inspect battery health, storage pressure, updates, background apps, signal hunting, and possible malware. Stop use if heat is unsafe.
کارت ۲۳۸
پرسش
A mobile device shows pop-ups and heavy data use after an untrusted install. What should you suspect?
پاسخ
Malware or a harmful app. Disconnect as needed, preserve required evidence, remove it through the approved mobile-security process, and update the device.
کارت ۲۳۹
پرسش
A mobile device can't install a new application. What should you check?
پاسخ
Check free storage, OS and hardware compatibility, account or store access, network service, and MDM policy before bypassing any restriction.
کارت ۲۴۰
پرسش
An active stylus doesn't work, but finger touch does. What should you check?
پاسخ
Check stylus compatibility, charge or battery, pairing, tip, app support, and the device's active-digitizer settings.
کارت ۲۴۱
پرسش
Users report slow network speeds. What should you measure before changing hardware?
پاسخ
Measure negotiated link rate, throughput, utilization, errors, signal, channel use, and server or ISP performance to locate the bottleneck.
کارت ۲۴۲
پرسش
Wi-Fi disconnects intermittently in one area. What should you inspect?
پاسخ
Inspect signal strength, roaming, interference, channel plan, access-point placement, client drivers, and power-saving behavior.
کارت ۲۴۳
پرسش
A client reports limited connectivity. Which layers should you check in order?
پاسخ
Check physical or wireless link, IP address and mask, gateway, DHCP, DNS, and upstream reachability.
کارت ۲۴۴
پرسش
A user repeatedly fails network authentication. What should you verify?
پاسخ
Verify the account and credentials, time, certificate, authentication method, network policy, and whether the user or device is authorized.
کارت ۲۴۵
پرسش
Which tools help locate high latency?
پاسخ
Ping compares delay and loss; traceroute shows the path by hops. Test several destinations to separate a local, provider, and destination issue.
کارت ۲۴۶
پرسش
What signs point to external wireless interference?
پاسخ
Signal quality or throughput drops despite adequate strength, often near a device or at certain times. A spectrum or Wi-Fi analyzer helps confirm it.
کارت ۲۴۷
پرسش
A switch port repeatedly changes between up and down. What should you isolate?
پاسخ
Isolate the patch cable, wall run, endpoint NIC, and switch port. Review port logs and test the cable for a port-flapping cause.
کارت ۲۴۸
پرسش
A wired PC has no link light. Where should troubleshooting start?
پاسخ
At the cable, connector, NIC, and switch port. Changing IP settings can't repair a missing physical link.
کارت ۲۴۹
پرسش
VoIP sounds choppy even though average bandwidth is adequate. Which network condition should you measure?
پاسخ
Jitter, along with latency and packet loss. QoS and congestion control may help after the impaired path is identified.
کارت ۲۵۰
پرسش
Internet access drops for every local client, then returns. Where should you look?
پاسخ
Check the shared WAN path: the router's WAN link, modem or ONT, provider service, power, and logs. Independent failures across every local client at once are unlikely.
کارت ۲۵۱
پرسش
A host can reach an internet IP but not a website name. What is the likely fault?
پاسخ
DNS resolution. Check the configured resolver and test a direct lookup.
کارت ۲۵۲
پرسش
A PC receives a 169.254.x.x address. What should you test next?
پاسخ
Test its link and the path to DHCP. The APIPA address shows that normal lease configuration failed.
کارت ۲۵۳
پرسش
Two hosts report an address conflict. What should you inspect?
پاسخ
Inspect static assignments, DHCP reservations, and the lease scope for a duplicate IP address.
کارت ۲۵۴
پرسش
A PC on a new switch port can't reach its department resources. What should you verify?
پاسخ
Verify the access VLAN, then its routing and policy. A good physical link on the wrong VLAN still provides the wrong network access.
کارت ۲۵۵
پرسش
A PoE camera has network pairs but no power. What should you check?
پاسخ
Check the injector or switch standard, port state, total power budget, cable quality, and camera power requirement.
کارت ۲۵۶
پرسش
Only one PC lacks network access while nearby systems work. What should you compare?
پاسخ
Compare its link, IP settings, DNS, authentication, proxy or VPN state, and local firewall with a working peer.
کارت ۲۵۷
پرسش
A printed page has a line in the same place every time. What should you inspect?
پاسخ
Inspect the cartridge, printhead, drum, scanner glass, and approved cleaning path for contamination or damage, based on printer type.
کارت ۲۵۸
پرسش
A printer produces garbled characters. What should you verify?
پاسخ
Verify the driver and print language, cable or network path, firmware, and source document. Cancel the bad job before retrying.
کارت ۲۵۹
پرسش
A printer reports a paper jam. What is the safe response?
پاسخ
Stop the job, follow the documented paper path, remove paper in the specified direction, and check for scraps or damaged rollers.
کارت ۲۶۰
پرسش
Several print jobs remain pending after the printer recovers. What should you do?
پاسخ
Cancel failed jobs as appropriate, verify printer status and connectivity, restart the print service if needed, then send one small test page.
۵۲۰ کارت
CompTIA A+ 220-1201 & 220-1202 Flashcards: Core 1 and Core 2
این دسته را رایگان مطالعه کنید
Nibomo باز می‌شود تا بتوانید مطالعه را شروع کنید.
کارت ۲۶۱
پرسش
Printed pages are uniformly faded. What should you check?
پاسخ
Check toner or ink level, density or quality settings, cartridge condition, and the correct media setting.
کارت ۲۶۲
پرسش
A printer makes a grinding noise. What should you do?
پاسخ
Stop the job and inspect for jammed media, foreign objects, damaged gears, or a misseated cartridge or maintenance part.
کارت ۲۶۳
پرسش
Paper won't feed or several sheets feed together. Which parts should you inspect?
پاسخ
Inspect pickup rollers, the separation pad, feeder, paper condition, tray guides, and load limit.
کارت ۲۶۴
پرسش
A document prints in the wrong orientation. What should you check?
پاسخ
Check portrait or landscape settings in the application and driver, then confirm paper size and any device default.
کارت ۲۶۵
پرسش
What commonly causes speckles across printed pages?
پاسخ
Loose toner, ink contamination, a dirty print path, or a damaged cartridge or drum. Use the printer type and repeating pattern to narrow it.
کارت ۲۶۶
پرسش
A finisher won't staple or punch pages. What should you inspect?
پاسخ
Inspect the staple cartridge or jam, punch waste bin, finisher seating, supported paper, and driver job settings.
کارت ۲۶۷
پرسش
A printer doesn't recognize a loaded tray. What should you check?
پاسخ
Check tray seating, paper guides and size sensors, media settings, firmware, and driver configuration.
کارت ۲۶۸
پرسش
A network printer shows Ready but clients can't reach it. What should you test?
پاسخ
Test its link, IP configuration, address conflict, VLAN and routing path, print port, and firewall access.
کارت ۲۶۹
پرسش
A laser page shows a repeated faint image. Which area should you inspect?
پاسخ
Inspect the imaging drum and fuser for ghosting. The repeat distance can help the service guide identify the rotating part.
کارت ۲۷۰
پرسش
A print queue is frozen and won't process a test page. What should you do?
پاسخ
Clear the blocked job safely, restart the spooler or print service, verify disk and printer connectivity, then submit one small test.
کارت ۲۷۱
پرسش
Which desktop OS is the usual choice for broad business software and Active Directory integration?
پاسخ
Windows. It has the widest support for common business applications and native integration with Microsoft domain services.
کارت ۲۷۲
پرسش
When is a clean OS installation preferable to an in-place upgrade?
پاسخ
Choose a clean install when you need a fresh system or the existing installation is unreliable. It removes installed apps and settings, so back up user data first.
کارت ۲۷۳
پرسش
Which Windows command lists files and folders in the current directory?
پاسخ
dir. Use cd when you need to change the current directory.
کارت ۲۷۴
پرسش
Which Windows tool gives a quick view of running processes, startup apps, users, services, and performance?
پاسخ
Task Manager. It is the first stop for a quick process or resource check.
کارت ۲۷۵
پرسش
What should you check before moving a user between desktop or mobile operating systems?
پاسخ
Check application, peripheral, file-format, and account compatibility first. A supported OS is still a bad fit if the user's required tools or data won't work on it.
کارت ۲۷۶
پرسش
How should you choose between a public and private Windows network profile?
پاسخ
Use Public on untrusted networks and Private only on trusted local networks. The profile changes discovery and firewall behavior.
کارت ۲۷۷
پرسش
Which Windows command shows the current IP configuration?
پاسخ
ipconfig. Add /all when you need details such as DHCP, DNS, gateway, and adapter addresses.
کارت ۲۷۸
پرسش
What is the main benefit of deploying an OS image?
پاسخ
It applies a prepared, consistent system build to multiple devices. The image still needs compatible drivers, licensing, and post-deployment updates.
کارت ۲۷۹
پرسش
Which console should you open to investigate recorded application, security, or system errors?
پاسخ
Event Viewer. Filter by the relevant time, source, and event level instead of treating every warning as the cause.
کارت ۲۸۰
پرسش
Which Windows file system supports permissions, encryption, compression, and large local volumes?
پاسخ
NTFS. It is the standard Windows file system when you need access controls and other full desktop features.
کارت ۲۸۱
پرسش
Which Windows edition fits a basic home PC that does not need business management features?
پاسخ
Windows Home. It covers normal consumer use but lacks several business features found in Pro and Enterprise.
کارت ۲۸۲
پرسش
What do the common macOS application forms .dmg, .pkg, and .app represent?
پاسخ
A .dmg is a mountable disk image, a .pkg runs an installer, and an .app is an application bundle. Remove software with its supported process, especially when it installed system components.
کارت ۲۸۳
پرسش
Which boot approach lets a technician start an installer delivered by a deployment server?
پاسخ
Network boot, commonly PXE. The client firmware and network must support it, and the deployment service must be reachable.
کارت ۲۸۴
پرسش
Which command is the quickest basic test of IP reachability to another host?
پاسخ
ping. A failed ping is only a clue because the host or firewall may block echo traffic.
کارت ۲۸۵
پرسش
Which Windows tool creates partitions, assigns drive letters, and initializes disks?
پاسخ
Disk Management. Confirm the disk and volume before making changes because some operations can destroy data.
کارت ۲۸۶
پرسش
What is safer than disabling Windows Firewall when one application is blocked?
پاسخ
Create the narrowest required application or port exception. Keep the firewall enabled and limit the rule to the needed profiles and traffic.
کارت ۲۸۷
پرسش
What should you compare before installing a demanding application?
پاسخ
Compare its OS, CPU, RAM, storage, graphics, VRAM, and peripheral requirements with the device. Check both minimum and practical workload needs.
کارت ۲۸۸
پرسش
Which Windows edition is the usual minimum for joining a business domain and hosting Remote Desktop?
پاسخ
Windows Pro. It also adds business features such as BitLocker management and Local Group Policy.
کارت ۲۸۹
پرسش
Which Windows command queries DNS records for a name?
پاسخ
nslookup. It helps distinguish name-resolution trouble from basic network reachability.
کارت ۲۹۰
پرسش
Which macOS feature creates versioned backups for normal file and system recovery?
پاسخ
Time Machine. Confirm the backup destination is available and test that needed files can actually be restored.
کارت ۲۹۱
پرسش
What makes zero-touch deployment different from a normal remote installation?
پاسخ
Zero-touch deployment minimizes hands-on setup after the device starts. Policies, applications, and identity configuration are applied automatically.
کارت ۲۹۲
پرسش
When is exFAT usually a better removable-drive format than FAT32?
پاسخ
Use exFAT when the drive must move between modern operating systems and hold files larger than FAT32's 4 GB per-file limit.
کارت ۲۹۳
پرسش
Which values must be correct in a manual IPv4 client configuration?
پاسخ
The IP address, subnet mask, default gateway, and DNS server settings must fit the network. A wrong value can break local or internet access.
کارت ۲۹۴
پرسش
How do FileVault and Keychain serve different security jobs on macOS?
پاسخ
FileVault encrypts the startup disk; Keychain stores passwords, certificates, and keys. Neither replaces good account security or backups.
کارت ۲۹۵
پرسش
What should you verify before booting an installer from USB media?
پاسخ
Verify the media is trusted and bootable, then select the correct temporary boot device. Also confirm the firmware mode matches the planned partition style.
کارت ۲۹۶
پرسش
Which Windows console is best for checking a device's driver status or hardware error code?
پاسخ
Device Manager. It shows detected hardware, driver details, disabled devices, and device error codes.
کارت ۲۹۷
پرسش
When is Windows Enterprise a better fit than Pro?
پاسخ
Use Enterprise for centrally managed organizations that need its additional security, deployment, and control features. It is licensed for organizational use rather than a typical retail PC.
کارت ۲۹۸
پرسش
How does a domain differ from a workgroup for Windows client management?
پاسخ
A domain provides centralized identity and policy; a workgroup manages accounts separately on each PC. Shared resources must match the chosen model.
کارت ۲۹۹
پرسش
Which command shows active network connections and listening ports on Windows?
پاسخ
netstat. Use its documented options to include process IDs or numeric addresses when needed.
کارت ۳۰۰
پرسش
Which Windows tool runs a program or script on a trigger or schedule?
پاسخ
Task Scheduler. Use it for defined triggers such as a time, startup, sign-in, or event.
کارت ۳۰۱
پرسش
What must be assigned before a user can legally use many cloud productivity apps?
پاسخ
The correct service license. Installation alone does not grant an account access to licensed features.
کارت ۳۰۲
پرسش
What do /Applications, /Users, /Library, and /System hold on macOS?
پاسخ
They hold installed apps, user home folders, shared support data, and protected system components, respectively. A user's own Library sits inside that user's home folder.
کارت ۳۰۳
پرسش
What path format directly identifies a Windows network share?
پاسخ
A UNC path such as \\server\share. A mapped drive gives that share a drive letter for convenience.
کارت ۳۰۴
پرسش
Why can a 32-bit-only dependency block an otherwise capable 64-bit system?
پاسخ
The application may rely on an unsupported 32-bit component or driver. Confirm the complete dependency chain, not just the CPU architecture.
کارت ۳۰۵
پرسش
Which file systems are common on Linux desktops and servers?
پاسخ
ext4 and XFS. Both are Linux-native choices; support for features and repair tools depends on the distribution and workload.
کارت ۳۰۶
پرسش
What workload is Windows Pro for Workstations aimed at?
پاسخ
High-end professional hardware and demanding workloads. It adds support intended for workstation-class processors, memory, and storage features.
کارت ۳۰۷
پرسش
Why synchronize identity between an organization and a cloud productivity service?
پاسخ
It keeps user accounts and access aligned with the organization's identity source. Provisioning and removal can then follow the user's lifecycle.
کارت ۳۰۸
پرسش
When should you try a repair installation or recovery environment?
پاسخ
Use it when the current OS is damaged but preserving the installation is still reasonable. Back up recoverable data before making larger changes.
کارت ۳۰۹
پرسش
Which Windows command traces the router hops toward a destination?
پاسخ
tracert. Use pathping when you also need sampled latency and loss information across the route.
کارت ۳۱۰
پرسش
Why should mobile apps come from the platform's trusted store or an approved enterprise source?
پاسخ
Trusted sources provide stronger publisher, signing, and review checks. Sideloading from an unknown source raises the risk of a malicious or altered app.
کارت ۳۱۱
پرسش
What is distinctive about a Windows N edition?
پاسخ
It omits certain built-in media technologies. An application that depends on those components may need Microsoft's media feature package.
کارت ۳۱۲
پرسش
Which partition style is the normal choice for a modern UEFI system?
پاسخ
GPT. It supports modern UEFI booting, large disks, and more partitions than legacy MBR.
کارت ۳۱۳
پرسش
What should you confirm when setting up a cloud storage sync folder?
پاسخ
Confirm the account, selected folders, local disk impact, sharing rules, and whether files remain available offline.
کارت ۳۱۴
پرسش
When does a dedicated GPU matter more than integrated graphics?
پاسخ
It matters when the application requires more graphics performance or dedicated VRAM than the integrated GPU can provide.
کارت ۳۱۵
پرسش
How do chmod and chown differ on Linux?
پاسخ
chmod changes permission bits; chown changes file ownership. Verify the target and use elevated rights only when required.
کارت ۳۱۶
پرسش
Which command checks a Windows volume's file-system structure for errors?
پاسخ
chkdsk. Review its options before requesting repairs because a repair may need exclusive access or a restart.
کارت ۳۱۷
پرسش
What is the difference between partitioning and formatting a drive?
پاسخ
Partitioning defines logical regions on the drive; formatting creates a file system inside a partition. Both can affect existing data, so confirm the target first.
کارت ۳۱۸
پرسش
What does a client VPN connection provide?
پاسخ
It creates an encrypted path to a remote private network. The user still needs valid authentication and authorization for its resources.
کارت ۳۱۹
پرسش
Which Linux package managers are common on Debian-based and Fedora-based systems?
پاسخ
apt is common on Debian and Ubuntu; dnf is common on Fedora and related systems. Use authorized sudo elevation for administrative package changes instead of routine root login.
کارت ۳۲۰
پرسش
When should you use Performance Monitor instead of only Task Manager?
پاسخ
Use Performance Monitor when you need counters collected over time. Task Manager is better for a quick live snapshot.
کارت ۳۲۱
پرسش
Which Windows command-line tool manages disks, partitions, and volumes?
پاسخ
diskpart. Select and verify the exact disk before any destructive command.
کارت ۳۲۲
پرسش
Which firmware and security components are central to Windows 11 hardware eligibility?
پاسخ
UEFI with Secure Boot capability and a supported TPM 2.0 are central requirements. The processor, RAM, and storage must also meet Microsoft's current requirements.
کارت ۳۲۳
پرسش
What should you verify before a mobile OS upgrade?
پاسخ
Check device support, free storage, battery or power, network access, app compatibility, and a current backup.
کارت ۳۲۴
پرسش
Why mark a Windows connection as metered?
پاسخ
It tells Windows to limit some background transfers on a connection with a data cap or high cost. Updates and cloud sync may behave differently.
کارت ۳۲۵
پرسش
Which file system is designed for current Apple storage devices?
پاسخ
APFS. It is Apple's modern file system for macOS and other Apple platforms.
کارت ۳۲۶
پرسش
Which Linux commands distinguish free filesystem space from a directory's space use?
پاسخ
df reports filesystem free space; du estimates space used by files and directories. Use both when tracking down a full disk.
کارت ۳۲۷
پرسش
What belongs in an OS upgrade preflight check?
پاسخ
Back up user data and settings, then verify hardware, applications, drivers, storage, licensing, and the supported upgrade path.
کارت ۳۲۸
پرسش
Why should Windows show known file extensions during support work?
پاسخ
Visible extensions make file types easier to verify and help expose misleading names such as invoice.pdf.exe.
کارت ۳۲۹
پرسش
What is the safest source for an application installer?
پاسخ
Use the vendor's trusted store or official download channel. Verify the publisher, signature, or published hash when available.
کارت ۳۳۰
پرسش
Which Windows command is built for reliable folder copying with restart and mirror options?
پاسخ
robocopy. Treat mirror or purge options carefully because they can delete destination files that are absent from the source.
کارت ۳۳۱
پرسش
Why should you verify the supported Windows edition upgrade path before starting?
پاسخ
Not every source edition can upgrade directly to every target edition. An unsupported path may require a clean install instead.
کارت ۳۳۲
پرسش
Which Windows tool helps isolate startup problems by controlling boot and service options?
پاسخ
System Configuration (msconfig). Use selective startup for diagnosis, then restore the intended configuration after testing.
کارت ۳۳۳
پرسش
What should a technician test before rolling out cloud videoconferencing?
پاسخ
Test supported devices, camera and microphone permissions, network capacity, sign-in, and any organization policy.
کارت ۳۳۴
پرسش
What does an operating system reaching end of life mean for support?
پاسخ
The vendor no longer provides normal support or security updates. Plan a supported upgrade or replacement instead of treating the old system as safe indefinitely.
کارت ۳۳۵
پرسش
Which Windows command checks protected system files and replaces damaged copies?
پاسخ
sfc /scannow. Run it from an elevated terminal and review the result before deciding the next repair step.
کارت ۳۳۶
پرسش
What is the purpose of a Microsoft Management Console snap-in?
پاسخ
It adds a focused administrative tool to an MMC console. Event Viewer, Local Users and Groups, and Certificate Manager are common examples.
کارت ۳۳۷
پرسش
What is the purpose of a mobile configuration profile?
پاسخ
It applies managed settings such as accounts, certificates, restrictions, and security rules. Install profiles only from an authorized administrator or trusted provider.
کارت ۳۳۸
پرسش
What is ReFS mainly designed to improve on supported Windows systems?
پاسخ
Storage resilience and data integrity. ReFS is useful for supported data workloads, but it is not a universal replacement for an NTFS Windows boot volume.
کارت ۳۳۹
پرسش
Why pilot a business application before a broad rollout?
پاسخ
A pilot exposes device, network, workflow, licensing, and compatibility effects on a small group before they reach everyone.
کارت ۳۴۰
پرسش
Why check sharing permissions before moving a document into a collaboration workspace?
پاسخ
The move may change who can read or edit it. Confirm the intended audience, link settings, ownership, and version history.
کارت ۳۴۱
پرسش
Which physical control stops a vehicle from driving close to a protected entrance?
پاسخ
Bollards. They create a physical barrier while still allowing pedestrian access.
کارت ۳۴۲
پرسش
What is the main sign that a message may be phishing?
پاسخ
It tries to push you into revealing data, opening a file, or following a link under false pretenses. Verify the request through a known channel.
کارت ۳۴۳
پرسش
What protects workstation data if a powered-off drive is stolen?
پاسخ
Data-at-rest encryption, such as BitLocker or FileVault. Store recovery keys through an approved process.
کارت ۳۴۴
پرسش
What is the first step in a suspected malware case?
پاسخ
Investigate and verify the symptoms. Record what happened and rule out ordinary faults before declaring the system infected.
کارت ۳۴۵
پرسش
What is the purpose of an access control vestibule?
پاسخ
It allows one controlled door to close before the next opens. This reduces tailgating into a secure area.
کارت ۳۴۶
پرسش
How do spear phishing and whaling differ from broad phishing?
پاسخ
Spear phishing targets a specific person or group; whaling targets senior or high-value people. Both use tailored context to appear credible.
کارت ۳۴۷
پرسش
Which password properties matter most for normal user accounts?
پاسخ
Use long, unique passwords and store them in an approved password manager. Complexity and expiration rules should follow current organization policy.
کارت ۳۴۸
پرسش
Why is a normal format not enough before transferring a drive with sensitive data?
پاسخ
A standard format mainly rebuilds file-system structures and may leave recoverable data. Use an approved wipe, secure erase, encryption-key destruction, or physical destruction method.
کارت ۳۴۹
پرسش
What makes a Trojan different from a computer virus?
پاسخ
A Trojan pretends to be legitimate so the user installs or runs it. A virus attaches its code to a host file or boot area and replicates when that code runs.
کارت ۳۵۰
پرسش
Why combine a badge reader with a biometric check at a sensitive door?
پاسخ
The combination verifies something the person has and something they are. It is stronger than either factor alone.
کارت ۳۵۱
پرسش
What does a BIOS or UEFI password protect?
پاسخ
It limits unauthorized firmware changes or startup access. It does not encrypt files on the drive.
کارت ۳۵۲
پرسش
Which phishing names apply to voice calls, text messages, and malicious QR codes?
پاسخ
Vishing uses voice, smishing uses SMS or messaging, and QR phishing uses a code to hide the destination. Verify the request before acting.
کارت ۳۵۳
پرسش
What should you do once a malware infection is reasonably confirmed?
پاسخ
Quarantine the device from networks and shared storage. Preserve any evidence required by policy while limiting further spread.
کارت ۳۵۴
پرسش
Which malware hides deeply in a system to preserve privileged access?
پاسخ
A rootkit. Because it can conceal processes or changes, trusted offline scanning or reimaging may be required.
کارت ۳۵۵
پرسش
What simple action protects an unattended signed-in workstation?
پاسخ
Lock the screen. Use an automatic timeout as a backup, and log off when the session is no longer needed.
کارت ۳۵۶
پرسش
What do cameras, guards, alarms, lighting, and motion sensors contribute to physical security?
پاسخ
They deter, detect, record, or respond to unauthorized activity. They work best as layers rather than a single control.
کارت ۳۵۷
پرسش
What attack occurs when someone watches a user enter sensitive information?
پاسخ
Shoulder surfing. Privacy screens, careful positioning, and awareness reduce the risk.
کارت ۳۵۸
پرسش
How should you verify a browser download before running it?
پاسخ
Use a trusted source, confirm the publisher or signature, and compare a published hash when available. A matching hash proves integrity, not that the publisher is trustworthy.
کارت ۳۵۹
پرسش
What does a computer virus need in order to spread?
پاسخ
A virus attaches to a host file or boot area and spreads when that infected code runs. A boot-sector virus targets startup data.
کارت ۳۶۰
پرسش
When is a secure erase preferable to physical destruction?
پاسخ
Use a verified secure erase when the storage device will be reused and the method fits its media type. Validate the result before reassignment.
کارت ۳۶۱
پرسش
How does tailgating differ from impersonation?
پاسخ
Tailgating follows an authorized person into a restricted area; impersonation claims a false identity to gain trust or access.
کارت ۳۶۲
پرسش
What does the principle of least privilege require?
پاسخ
Give an account only the access needed for its current job, for only as long as needed. Review and remove unnecessary rights.
کارت ۳۶۳
پرسش
What does spoofing change to make a message, host, or caller look trusted?
پاسخ
It forges identifying information such as an address, name, number, or source. Verify identity through a separate trusted signal.
کارت ۳۶۴
پرسش
Which Wi-Fi security protocol is the preferred modern choice when all devices support it?
پاسخ
WPA3. Use its strongest supported mode and a strong credential or enterprise authentication.
کارت ۳۶۵
پرسش
How does a DDoS attack differ from a DoS attack?
پاسخ
A DDoS attack uses many distributed sources; a DoS attack may come from one source. Both aim to exhaust availability.
کارت ۳۶۶
پرسش
What assumption drives a Zero Trust access decision?
پاسخ
No user, device, or network location is trusted automatically. Verify identity, device state, context, and authorization for each access decision.
کارت ۳۶۷
پرسش
Which physical methods make a hard drive unusable?
پاسخ
Approved shredding or drilling can destroy the platters and mechanism. Follow safety, environmental, and evidence-handling rules.
کارت ۳۶۸
پرسش
How do account lockout and account expiration solve different problems?
پاسخ
Lockout slows repeated failed sign-ins; expiration ends access after a defined date. Set both according to business policy.
کارت ۳۶۹
پرسش
Which malware categories secretly monitor a user's activity?
پاسخ
Spyware collects activity or data; a keylogger records input; stalkerware is used for covert surveillance of a person.
کارت ۳۷۰
پرسش
What wireless threat presents a convincing fake access point?
پاسخ
An evil twin. Users may connect to it because its network name resembles a trusted one.
کارت ۳۷۱
پرسش
What are the first security changes on a new SOHO router?
پاسخ
Change default administrator credentials, update firmware, and save a known-good configuration. Use a unique management password.
کارت ۳۷۲
پرسش
What should you do when a browser reports an invalid certificate on a sensitive site?
پاسخ
Stop and verify the address, system time, and certificate details. Do not bypass the warning for sign-in or payment data.
کارت ۳۷۳
پرسش
What does an access control list decide?
پاسخ
An ACL states which identities or traffic are allowed or denied on a resource. Keep entries specific and review inherited rules.
کارت ۳۷۴
پرسش
Which malware blocks access to data and demands payment?
پاسخ
Ransomware. Isolate the device quickly and recover from known-good backups rather than assuming payment will restore data.
کارت ۳۷۵
پرسش
How should router management access be exposed?
پاسخ
Allow it only from trusted interfaces and secure protocols, ideally from the local network. Place the router where unauthorized people cannot reset or replace it.
کارت ۳۷۶
پرسش
How should Windows restore points be handled during an approved malware-removal workflow?
پاسخ
Temporarily disable System Restore when the procedure calls for it, then re-enable it and create a clean restore point after remediation.
کارت ۳۷۷
پرسش
Which built-in accounts or credentials should be changed or disabled during setup?
پاسخ
Disable the guest account when unused and replace default administrator names or passwords where policy requires it. Never leave vendor defaults active.
کارت ۳۷۸
پرسش
What happens in an on-path attack?
پاسخ
The attacker positions themselves between communicating parties to observe or alter traffic. Strong certificate validation and encryption help prevent it.
کارت ۳۷۹
پرسش
How do browser patches and extension controls work together?
پاسخ
Patches fix browser flaws; extension controls reduce code from untrusted add-ons. Keep only approved, necessary extensions.
کارت ۳۸۰
پرسش
How should a guest wireless network be separated from trusted devices?
پاسخ
Use a separate guest network with strong encryption and client isolation. Do not grant it access to internal files or management interfaces.
کارت ۳۸۱
پرسش
Why disable AutoRun and unused services?
پاسخ
They remove automatic execution paths and unnecessary attack surface. Confirm a service is not required before disabling it.
کارت ۳۸۲
پرسش
Which storage media can degaussing sanitize?
پاسخ
Magnetic media such as compatible hard drives and tapes, but only with an approved degausser rated for that exact medium. Flash storage such as SSDs cannot be sanitized this way. A drive becoming unusable does not prove its data was sanitized; follow and validate the approved procedure.
کارت ۳۸۳
پرسش
Why update anti-malware tools before the main removal scan?
پاسخ
Current definitions and engines can recognize newer threats. Scan in a safer environment, such as Safe Mode or approved recovery media, when appropriate.
کارت ۳۸۴
پرسش
What makes authentication multifactor?
پاسخ
It uses factors from at least two different categories, such as a password plus a hardware token or biometric. Two passwords are still one factor type.
کارت ۳۸۵
پرسش
Which encryption choice is appropriate for a WPA2 network?
پاسخ
AES-based CCMP. Avoid selecting older TKIP just to keep obsolete clients connected.
کارت ۳۸۶
پرسش
What is the basic endpoint patching sequence?
پاسخ
Inventory supported systems, deploy tested OS and application updates, verify success, and remediate failures. Endpoint security definitions need updates too.
کارت ۳۸۷
پرسش
Why should daily work use a standard account instead of an administrator account?
پاسخ
A standard account limits what mistakes or malware can change. Elevate only the specific approved task through UAC or Run as administrator.
کارت ۳۸۸
پرسش
When is reimaging safer than continuing to clean an infected PC?
پاسخ
Reimage when trust cannot be restored, the malware is deeply embedded, or policy requires a known-good build. Restore only verified clean data.
کارت ۳۸۹
پرسش
Why is TKIP a poor choice for a new wireless network?
پاسخ
TKIP is a legacy protocol with known security limits. Replace incompatible clients and use WPA2-AES or WPA3.
کارت ۳۹۰
پرسش
When is incineration an acceptable data-destruction method?
پاسخ
Only through an authorized facility that can handle the material safely and meet legal and environmental requirements.
کارت ۳۹۱
پرسش
What does private browsing protect on a shared computer?
پاسخ
It reduces local history and cookie retention after the session. It does not hide activity from the network or service, so sign out and clear sensitive data as policy requires.
کارت ۳۹۲
پرسش
How does a dictionary attack differ from a general brute-force attack?
پاسخ
A dictionary attack tries likely words and known password patterns; brute force systematically tries possibilities. Long, unique passwords and rate limits make both harder.
کارت ۳۹۳
پرسش
How do SSO and SAML commonly work together?
پاسخ
SSO lets one sign-in reach multiple services; SAML can carry trusted authentication claims between an identity provider and a service.
کارت ۳۹۴
پرسش
Why disable UPnP and unused inbound ports when they are not required?
پاسخ
They can create unnecessary paths into the network. Open only the specific service and source access the business needs.
کارت ۳۹۵
پرسش
What symptom often points to an unauthorized cryptominer?
پاسخ
Unexplained sustained CPU or GPU use, heat, fan noise, or power consumption. Confirm the process before removal.
کارت ۳۹۶
پرسش
What should an outsourced destruction vendor provide?
پاسخ
A traceable certificate of destruction or recycling tied to the assets. Confirm the vendor and chain of custody before release.
کارت ۳۹۷
پرسش
When is just-in-time privileged access safer than a standing admin account?
پاسخ
It grants elevated rights only for an approved task and limited time. Privileged access management can control and record that elevation.
کارت ۳۹۸
پرسش
What follow-up checks belong after malware removal?
پاسخ
Run updated scans, patch the system, schedule ongoing scans and updates, and verify normal behavior before reconnecting fully.
کارت ۳۹۹
پرسش
Which input flaws commonly enable SQL injection and cross-site scripting?
پاسخ
SQL injection reaches a database through unsafe query input; XSS injects script into content a browser renders. Use parameterized queries for SQL and context-aware output encoding for browser content.
کارت ۴۰۰
پرسش
Which mobile controls help after a managed phone is lost?
پاسخ
A locator, remote lock or wipe, device encryption, and a current remote backup. Test enrollment before the device disappears.
کارت ۴۰۱
پرسش
Which control is designed to detect or block sensitive data from leaving approved boundaries?
پاسخ
Data loss prevention, or DLP. It applies rules to data in use, in motion, or at rest according to policy.
کارت ۴۰۲
پرسش
When is port forwarding appropriate on a small network?
پاسخ
Use it only for an approved service that must receive inbound traffic. Prefer a screened subnet or other isolation for exposed systems, and document the narrow rule.
کارت ۴۰۳
پرسش
Why can fileless malware be hard to detect?
پاسخ
It relies heavily on memory and legitimate system tools instead of leaving a normal executable on disk. Behavior monitoring is especially useful.
کارت ۴۰۴
پرسش
Why are unpatched, end-of-life, or unmanaged BYOD systems a security risk?
پاسخ
They may lack current fixes, controls, or visibility. Enforce support and access policy instead of assuming a connected device is safe.
کارت ۴۰۵
پرسش
What must guide disposal of batteries, storage devices, and electronics?
پاسخ
Applicable data-retention, privacy, environmental, and recycling rules. Record asset disposition according to policy.
کارت ۴۰۶
پرسش
What should an email security gateway do before a message reaches the user?
پاسخ
Filter suspicious senders, links, attachments, and spoofing signals. Users should still verify unusual requests through a known channel.
کارت ۴۰۷
پرسش
Which service commonly provides centralized authentication for enterprise Wi-Fi?
پاسخ
RADIUS. It validates users or devices against a central identity source; TACACS+ is more commonly associated with network-device administration.
کارت ۴۰۸
پرسش
How does MDM reduce risk on BYOD and corporate-owned mobile devices?
پاسخ
MDM applies profiles, screen-lock rules, updates, app controls, and remote actions. The policy should clearly separate company requirements from personal privacy.
کارت ۴۰۹
پرسش
How does a potentially unwanted program differ from clearly malicious malware?
پاسخ
A PUP may be installed with nominal consent but still adds unwanted behavior, such as aggressive ads or browser changes. Remove it through approved tools and review bundled installers.
کارت ۴۱۰
پرسش
What should the technician explain to the user after a malware incident?
پاسخ
Explain the likely entry point and practical prevention steps, such as safer links, trusted downloads, updates, and prompt reporting.
کارت ۴۱۱
پرسش
What is the first useful action after a Windows blue-screen crash?
پاسخ
Record the stop code and recent changes, then check relevant logs and dumps. Do not replace hardware from the blue screen alone.
کارت ۴۱۲
پرسش
What should you try first when one mobile app will not launch?
پاسخ
Force-close the app, reopen it, and check for an update. If the problem persists, restart the device and verify the app still supports the OS.
کارت ۴۱۳
پرسش
What should you do after finding an unapproved app already installed on a managed phone?
پاسخ
Document it and follow policy to block or remove it through the approved mobile-management process. Do not open it for testing; if compromise is plausible, contain the phone and escalate before wiping evidence.
کارت ۴۱۴
پرسش
What should you do if a possibly infected PC suddenly cannot reach the network?
پاسخ
Check ordinary link and IP status, but keep the PC isolated if compromise is plausible. Do not weaken the firewall just to restore access.
کارت ۴۱۵
پرسش
Where should you start when Windows feels broadly slow?
پاسخ
Check Task Manager for CPU, memory, disk, and startup pressure. Correlate the bottleneck with recent apps, updates, storage, and temperature.
کارت ۴۱۶
پرسش
How should you handle a mobile app that repeatedly crashes while in use?
پاسخ
Reproduce the trigger, free needed resources, update the app and OS, and clear supported app cache or reinstall after protecting its data.
کارت ۴۱۷
پرسش
Why should developer mode be disabled on a normal user's mobile device?
پاسخ
It can expose debugging, installation, or control paths that normal operation does not need. Enable it only for an authorized task and turn it off afterward.
کارت ۴۱۸
پرسش
What do unfamiliar security alerts on the Windows desktop require?
پاسخ
Verify which installed product or process created them. Capture the message and avoid clicking it until its source is trusted.
کارت ۴۱۹
پرسش
What should you try when Windows reaches recovery but not the normal desktop?
پاسخ
Use Startup Repair or Safe Mode to isolate the boot problem. Back up accessible data before risky repair steps.
کارت ۴۲۰
پرسش
What commonly blocks a mobile app update?
پاسخ
Low storage, poor connectivity, account or store issues, device policy, or OS incompatibility. Read the exact store error before changing settings.
کارت ۴۲۱
پرسش
What security boundary changes when a phone is rooted or jailbroken?
پاسخ
Platform protections and app isolation may be bypassed. Treat the device as noncompliant and restore it through an approved process.
کارت ۴۲۲
پرسش
How can you recognize a fake antivirus warning?
پاسخ
It often uses urgent claims, an unfamiliar brand, or a demand to click, call, or pay. Open the approved security tool directly instead of using the alert.
کارت ۴۲۳
پرسش
What does a firmware message saying no operating system was found suggest checking first?
پاسخ
Check whether the system drive is detected and first in the intended boot order. Then inspect its connection, partition, and boot data.
کارت ۴۲۴
پرسش
What should you verify when a mobile app will not install?
پاسخ
Verify the source, device and OS compatibility, free storage, account licensing, and management policy.
کارت ۴۲۵
پرسش
What clues suggest a mobile app is spoofing a legitimate one?
پاسخ
A mismatched publisher, unusual icon or name, excessive permissions, unexpected sign-in, or an unofficial source. Verify the real listing before entering credentials.
کارت ۴۲۶
پرسش
What can unexplained renamed or missing personal files indicate?
پاسخ
Malware, ransomware, account misuse, sync trouble, or storage failure are possible. Isolate the scope and preserve evidence before recovery attempts.
کارت ۴۲۷
پرسش
What evidence helps separate thermal shutdowns from power failures?
پاسخ
Review temperatures, fan operation, vents, power events, and whether the failure follows load. Test one likely cause at a time.
کارت ۴۲۸
پرسش
Where should you start with a generally slow phone or tablet?
پاسخ
Check free storage, active downloads, background apps, battery condition, and pending updates. Restart before considering a reset.
کارت ۴۲۹
پرسش
What should unexplained high mobile network traffic make you inspect?
پاسخ
Inspect per-app data use, recent installations, cloud sync, hotspots, and management alerts. Isolate the device if malicious traffic is plausible.
کارت ۴۳۰
پرسش
What does sudden inability to open many files suggest checking?
پاسخ
Check extensions, ransom notes, permissions, storage health, and backup status. Widespread encryption may indicate ransomware.
کارت ۴۳۱
پرسش
What should you inspect when a Windows service will not start?
پاسخ
Check its startup type, dependencies, logon account, permissions, and Event Viewer message. Fix the recorded cause rather than repeatedly forcing a start.
کارت ۴۳۲
پرسش
A mobile OS update downloads but fails verification or installation. What should you try before resetting the device?
پاسخ
Record the exact error and check free storage first. Then use the OS vendor's supported controls to remove the incomplete update and download a fresh copy with reliable power and a stable network connection; use recovery only if the normal updater still fails.
کارت ۴۳۳
پرسش
How can security trouble cause degraded mobile response time?
پاسخ
A malicious or unwanted app may consume CPU, storage, or network resources. Compare resource use with recent apps before removing anything.
کارت ۴۳۴
پرسش
Where should you investigate unwanted Windows notifications?
پاسخ
Check notification settings, browser site permissions, startup apps, and recently installed software. Remove the source rather than only muting the symptom.
کارت ۴۳۵
پرسش
How should you isolate an application that keeps crashing?
پاسخ
Confirm the scope, reproduce it, check logs, update the app, and test its plug-ins or profile. Reinstall only after preserving needed settings and data.
کارت ۴۳۶
پرسش
How do you find the likely cause of sudden mobile battery drain?
پاسخ
Review battery usage by app and system feature, then compare with recent updates, signal conditions, screen use, and battery health.
کارت ۴۳۷
پرسش
What should you check after an unexpected mobile data-limit notification?
پاسخ
Review per-app usage and the billing period, then inspect background sync, hotspot use, updates, and unknown apps.
کارت ۴۳۸
پرسش
Why can repeated OS update failures be a security clue?
پاسخ
Malware may block updates, though storage, network, or service faults are also common. Investigate the exact error and other symptoms before deciding.
کارت ۴۳۹
پرسش
What should a low-memory warning lead you to inspect?
پاسخ
Inspect memory pressure, runaway processes, page-file health, and workload requirements. Closing one app may help briefly but does not explain repeated warnings.
کارت ۴۴۰
پرسش
What is a useful first isolation step for random mobile reboots?
پاسخ
Remove or disable the most recent app or configuration change, update the OS, and check storage and temperature. Back up before a reset.
کارت ۴۴۱
پرسش
What security setting can cause limited mobile internet access even with a good signal?
پاسخ
A bad VPN, proxy, DNS, content-filtering, or management profile can restrict traffic. Compare the configuration with approved policy.
کارت ۴۴۲
پرسش
What is a useful first check for random browser pop-ups?
پاسخ
Inspect site-notification permissions, extensions, startup pages, and recently installed software. Do not click inside the pop-up.
کارت ۴۴۳
پرسش
What is a sensible first response to a USB controller resource warning?
پاسخ
Disconnect nonessential USB devices, remove unpowered hubs, and check Device Manager. Then update the controller or chipset driver if the evidence supports it.
کارت ۴۴۴
پرسش
What is the normal first fix for a Bluetooth pairing problem?
پاسخ
Confirm both devices are discoverable and compatible, then forget the old pairing and pair again. Check distance, battery, and interference.
کارت ۴۴۵
پرسش
What should you do if normal connectivity checks pass but a phone still has no internet after a suspicious app install?
پاسخ
Isolate the phone, remove or quarantine the suspicious app through the approved process, and inspect VPN, proxy, DNS, and profile changes.
کارت ۴۴۶
پرسش
When does a browser certificate warning point to more than a bad website?
پاسخ
Warnings across several known-good sites can indicate wrong system time, interception, a proxy, or a trust-store problem. Compare on a trusted network and device.
کارت ۴۴۷
پرسش
What should you do when instability begins right after a driver update?
پاسخ
Roll back or replace that driver with a known-good supported version. Confirm stability before changing another component.
کارت ۴۴۸
پرسش
What should you check when one phone cannot join a known Wi-Fi network?
پاسخ
Confirm the network and password, toggle Wi-Fi, forget and rejoin the network, then compare with another device before resetting network settings.
کارت ۴۴۹
پرسش
What commonly causes a sudden flood of ads across a mobile device?
پاسخ
Adware or a PUP is likely, especially after a recent install. Identify the responsible app instead of tapping the ads.
کارت ۴۵۰
پرسش
What settings should you inspect when browser searches redirect unexpectedly?
پاسخ
Inspect the default search provider, home page, extensions, proxy, DNS, and hosts file. Record unauthorized changes before correcting them.
کارت ۴۵۱
پرسش
How can you test whether a slow Windows sign-in is tied to one user profile?
پاسخ
Sign in with a known-good local profile and compare. Then inspect profile corruption, startup items, scripts, and redirected resources.
کارت ۴۵۲
پرسش
What should you check when NFC works only intermittently?
پاسخ
Confirm NFC is enabled, unlock the device if required, align the NFC areas closely, and remove a case that may block the signal.
کارت ۴۵۳
پرسش
How should you respond to a mobile pop-up claiming the device is infected?
پاسخ
Treat it as a likely fake security warning. Do not tap its button; close the source, inspect recent apps or browser data, and scan with approved tools.
کارت ۴۵۴
پرسش
What should you compare when mobile data fails but Wi-Fi works?
پاسخ
Check airplane mode, cellular enablement, signal, data limits, SIM or eSIM state, carrier settings, and any provider outage.
کارت ۴۵۵
پرسش
What is the priority when personal files appear to have leaked from a mobile device?
پاسخ
Contain the device and affected accounts, preserve relevant evidence, and follow the incident process. Revoke exposed sessions or credentials from a trusted device.
کارت ۴۵۶
پرسش
Why might a mobile screen refuse to rotate?
پاسخ
Rotation lock may be enabled, the app may not support that orientation, or a motion sensor may be stuck. Check the setting before hardware diagnosis.
کارت ۴۵۷
پرسش
What can unexpected mobile actions, permission prompts, or settings changes indicate?
پاسخ
An unauthorized or compromised app may be acting on the device. Review recent installs, permissions, profiles, and account activity.
کارت ۴۵۸
پرسش
What makes a browser extension suspicious?
پاسخ
An unknown publisher, broad permissions, forced installation, hidden controls, or behavior unrelated to its stated job. Remove it through policy and inspect related changes.
کارت ۴۵۹
پرسش
What should you verify when a Windows update repeatedly fails?
پاسخ
Check free space, restart state, network access, update history, and the specific error. Apply the vendor's targeted repair steps for that code.
کارت ۴۶۰
پرسش
When should you reset a mobile device during troubleshooting?
پاسخ
Reset only after narrower fixes fail and a current backup exists. Confirm account credentials and management enrollment needed for recovery.
کارت ۴۶۱
پرسش
What causes system time to drift repeatedly after shutdown?
پاسخ
A failing CMOS battery is one possibility; a bad time source or synchronization setting is another. Check when the drift occurs before replacing anything.
کارت ۴۶۲
پرسش
What PC settings can malware alter to reroute traffic?
پاسخ
Proxy, DNS, browser, and hosts-file settings are common targets. Compare them with the approved network configuration.
کارت ۴۶۳
پرسش
How can a clean boot help with a Windows startup problem?
پاسخ
It starts Windows with a reduced set of nonessential services and startup items. Re-enable items in groups to identify the conflict.
کارت ۴۶۴
پرسش
How should you troubleshoot a browser that has become much slower than the rest of the PC?
پاسخ
Test without unneeded extensions, clear only appropriate cache data, check browser tasks, and compare a clean profile. Scan if the behavior is suspicious.
کارت ۴۶۵
پرسش
What is the safest next step when several mobile security symptoms appear together?
پاسخ
Disconnect or contain the device, document the symptoms, and escalate through the approved security process. Avoid wiping evidence unless the response plan authorizes it.
کارت ۴۶۶
پرسش
Which details belong at the start of a support ticket?
پاسخ
Record the user, device, contact method, affected service, and a clear issue description. Add the time and business impact when relevant.
کارت ۴۶۷
پرسش
When is sfc /scannow a useful Windows repair step?
پاسخ
Use it when protected system files may be damaged. Run it elevated and follow the result instead of assuming it fixes every boot or application fault.
کارت ۴۶۸
پرسش
What should you do before running a repair that may change a failing Windows disk?
پاسخ
Protect recoverable data first, then check drive health and file-system evidence. A repair tool is not a substitute for replacing failing storage.
کارت ۴۶۹
پرسش
What is the right overall response to convincing PC security symptoms?
پاسخ
Contain the system, document evidence, follow the malware or incident procedure, and restore trust with approved tools or a known-good image.
کارت ۴۷۰
پرسش
What does a full backup contain?
پاسخ
A full backup copies all selected data in that backup set. It is simple to restore but usually takes the most time and space to create.
کارت ۴۷۱
پرسش
Where should a technician look for handling and disposal guidance for a chemical product?
پاسخ
Use its current Safety Data Sheet and local policy. Follow the listed protective, spill, storage, and disposal instructions.
کارت ۴۷۲
پرسش
What should a change request state before technical planning begins?
پاسخ
State the purpose, scope, change type, affected systems, owner, and desired date. A clear request makes impact and approval review possible.
کارت ۴۷۳
پرسش
What does active listening look like in a support conversation?
پاسخ
Let the customer finish, ask focused questions, and restate the problem to confirm understanding. Avoid interrupting or jumping to a diagnosis.
کارت ۴۷۴
پرسش
What does chain of custody record during an incident?
پاسخ
It records who collected, handled, transferred, stored, and accessed evidence, with dates and purpose. This supports integrity and accountability.
کارت ۴۷۵
پرسش
What makes a ticket issue description useful to another technician?
پاسخ
It states expected and actual behavior, exact symptoms, scope, timing, and reproducible steps without guesses presented as facts.
کارت ۴۷۶
پرسش
What does an incremental backup copy?
پاسخ
It copies data changed since the most recent backup of any type. Backup runs are small, but recovery may need the last full plus every later incremental.
کارت ۴۷۷
پرسش
How should a technician respond to an angry customer?
پاسخ
Stay calm, acknowledge the impact, clarify the facts, and explain realistic next steps. Do not argue, blame, or dismiss the concern.
کارت ۴۷۸
پرسش
Why does order of volatility matter when collecting incident evidence?
پاسخ
More temporary data can disappear first. Follow the response plan to capture volatile information before less volatile storage when authorized.
کارت ۴۷۹
پرسش
Which script type is native to traditional Windows batch command processing?
پاسخ
A .bat file. VBScript uses .vbs for older Windows automation; review either script before running it with elevated rights.
کارت ۴۸۰
پرسش
How do ventilation and dust control affect equipment reliability?
پاسخ
Clear airflow removes heat; controlled dust cleanup prevents blocked vents and conductive buildup. Use equipment-safe compressed air or vacuums.
کارت ۴۸۱
پرسش
How should severity and escalation be recorded?
پاسخ
Tie severity to impact and urgency, then use the defined escalation level. Do not inflate it just to move the ticket faster.
کارت ۴۸۲
پرسش
Why create a forensic copy instead of investigating the original drive directly?
پاسخ
A verified copy preserves the original evidence and lets analysis proceed with less risk of alteration. Follow authorization and incident policy.
کارت ۴۸۳
پرسش
When is RDP a suitable remote-access choice?
پاسخ
Use RDP for an authorized Windows desktop session over a protected path. Limit exposed services, require strong authentication, and follow session policy.
کارت ۴۸۴
پرسش
How should an ESD strap be used during internal PC work?
پاسخ
Attach it to an approved ground point while working on powered-down equipment. Pair it with an ESD-safe work surface when available.
کارت ۴۸۵
پرسش
What protection does a UPS add beyond a surge suppressor?
پاسخ
A UPS provides temporary battery power and usually power conditioning, giving equipment time to ride through a brief outage or shut down safely.
کارت ۴۸۶
پرسش
What should progress and resolution notes contain?
پاسخ
Record tests, results, changes, timestamps, and the confirmed outcome. Another technician should be able to continue without repeating work.
کارت ۴۸۷
پرسش
Which data categories usually require stricter handling and retention rules?
پاسخ
Payment data, government identifiers, personally identifiable information, and healthcare data. Apply the relevant law, contract, and business policy.
کارت ۴۸۸
پرسش
Which support tasks can AI assist without making the final decision?
پاسخ
AI can help summarize tickets, draft user instructions, search approved knowledge, or suggest diagnostic paths. A technician must verify the result.
کارت ۴۸۹
پرسش
What is the first electrical-safety step before repairing a PC?
پاسخ
Shut it down and disconnect power. Follow the device's service procedure because some components can retain hazardous energy.
کارت ۴۹۰
پرسش
How do SSH and VNC differ for remote support?
پاسخ
SSH provides an encrypted command-line session; VNC shares a graphical desktop and needs its own secure transport and authentication configuration.
کارت ۴۹۱
پرسش
How should a technician set expectations for a repair?
پاسخ
Give a realistic timeline, explain options and dependencies, and send status updates when the estimate changes.
کارت ۴۹۲
پرسش
Which script type gives Windows administrators structured access to system management?
پاسخ
A PowerShell .ps1 script. Execution policy is not a malware boundary, so verify the source, signature, and contents.
کارت ۴۹۳
پرسش
What does a differential backup copy?
پاسخ
It copies data changed since the last full backup. Recovery normally needs the last full and the latest differential.
کارت ۴۹۴
پرسش
Why do change plans need both a backup plan and a rollback plan?
پاسخ
The backup protects data; the rollback returns the service to its prior state if the change fails. Define triggers and responsible staff before implementation.
کارت ۴۹۵
پرسش
How should loose components be handled and stored?
پاسخ
Hold boards by the edges, avoid contacts, and place them in antistatic packaging on an ESD-safe surface.
کارت ۴۹۶
پرسش
Why monitor both temperature and humidity in an equipment room?
پاسخ
Excess heat shortens component life; very low humidity raises static risk, while high humidity can cause condensation or corrosion.
کارت ۴۹۷
پرسش
What is a synthetic full backup?
پاسخ
It combines a previous full backup with later backup data to create a new full on the backup system. The source does not need to resend every file.
کارت ۴۹۸
پرسش
How do an asset tag and a CMDB serve different support needs?
پاسخ
The asset tag identifies the physical item; the CMDB records its configuration and relationships. Keep assignment, warranty, and licensing data current.
کارت ۴۹۹
پرسش
What should a technician verify before installing licensed software?
پاسخ
Verify a valid license, permitted user or device scope, and any EULA or DRM limits. Personal, corporate, perpetual, and open-source licenses grant different rights.
کارت ۵۰۰
پرسش
Which script type is commonly used for shell automation on Linux and macOS?
پاسخ
A .sh shell script. Its interpreter, permissions, quoting, and environment determine how it runs.
کارت ۵۰۱
پرسش
How do GFS rotation and the 3-2-1 backup rule differ?
پاسخ
GFS rotates daily, weekly, and monthly backup generations. The 3-2-1 rule keeps three copies on two different media/storage types, with one copy offsite. GFS organizes retention over time; 3-2-1 spreads copies across storage locations and failure modes.
کارت ۵۰۲
پرسش
Which personal protective steps matter for lifting or dusty repair work?
پاسخ
Use safe lifting technique and get help for heavy equipment; wear approved eye or breathing protection when the task creates those hazards.
کارت ۵۰۳
پرسش
What does a VPN add to a remote-management session?
پاسخ
It creates an encrypted network path to private resources. The remote tool still needs secure configuration, authentication, and least-privilege access.
کارت ۵۰۴
پرسش
What policy questions should come before using AI at work?
پاسخ
Check approved tools, allowed data, required disclosure, ownership rules, and whether the task permits AI assistance. Do not assume a public tool is approved.
کارت ۵۰۵
پرسش
Why should a technician avoid jargon when speaking with a customer?
پاسخ
Plain language helps the customer understand choices and give informed answers. Use a technical term only when it adds clarity, then explain it.
کارت ۵۰۶
پرسش
What is the value of sandbox testing and peer review before a change?
پاسخ
They expose technical mistakes and unexpected impact away from production. Record results and remaining risk.
کارت ۵۰۷
پرسش
What are practical entry-level uses for scripts in support work?
پاسخ
Scripts can collect information, remap drives, install approved apps, start updates, restart systems, or run backups consistently. Python .py and JavaScript .js files are common choices when the environment supports them.
کارت ۵۰۸
پرسش
What is the benefit and main risk of an RMM platform?
پاسخ
RMM can monitor and manage many endpoints centrally; compromise or misuse can reach many endpoints too. Protect the console with strong access controls, logging, and updates.
کارت ۵۰۹
پرسش
How should a technician handle a confident AI answer?
پاسخ
Verify it against trusted evidence. AI can hallucinate, carry bias, miss context, or present outdated information fluently.
کارت ۵۱۰
پرسش
How do surges, brownouts, and blackouts differ?
پاسخ
A surge is excess voltage, a brownout is reduced voltage, and a blackout is a loss of power. Match surge protection and UPS capacity to the equipment.
کارت ۵۱۱
پرسش
What must you review before running an unfamiliar support script?
پاسخ
Review its source, inputs, privileges, target systems, resource use, network actions, error handling, and rollback. A script can spread malware or change many systems quickly.
کارت ۵۱۲
پرسش
How do an NDA and an acceptable use policy serve different purposes?
پاسخ
An NDA restricts disclosure of protected information; an AUP defines permitted use of systems and data. Follow both along with incident and compliance rules.
کارت ۵۱۳
پرسش
When should a normal change wait even if the technical work is ready?
پاسخ
Wait for required approval and an allowed maintenance window. Respect change freezes unless the approved emergency process applies.
کارت ۵۱۴
پرسش
Which support document should guide a repeatable task with an agreed method?
پاسخ
Use the relevant SOP or checklist. Consult the SLA for service commitments and the knowledge base for reusable diagnosis or resolution guidance.
کارت ۵۱۵
پرسش
What should a technician do if arriving late is unavoidable?
پاسخ
Contact the customer promptly, give an honest revised time, and keep the new commitment. Document service provided and follow up as promised.
کارت ۵۱۶
پرسش
What safety problems does good cable management prevent?
پاسخ
It reduces trip hazards, blocked airflow, connector strain, and accidental disconnection. Keep cables clear of heat and emergency access.
کارت ۵۱۷
پرسش
How do you know a backup is usable?
پاسخ
Test restores on a defined schedule. Verify data integrity and practice both overwrite recovery and recovery to an alternative location.
کارت ۵۱۸
پرسش
What closes a well-managed change?
پاسخ
Verify the implementation, obtain required user acceptance, update documentation, and review the outcome. Trigger rollback if the defined failure criteria occur.
کارت ۵۱۹
پرسش
How should a technician handle private material visible on a customer's device?
پاسخ
View only what the task requires, avoid copying or discussing it, and follow privacy policy. Maintain professional appearance and conduct in the customer's environment.
کارت ۵۲۰
پرسش
What data boundary applies when prompting a public AI service?
پاسخ
Never send credentials or secrets to a public AI service. Keep private customer data, regulated data, proprietary code, and incident evidence out as well. An approved enterprise AI service is a separate case: use it only under the organization's data policy and contractual controls, and still never paste credentials or secrets.

A generic laptop and computer repair tools arranged on a dark technical workbench with abstract network lights.

۵۲۰ کارت

CompTIA A+ 220-1201 & 220-1202 Flashcards: Core 1 and Core 2

این دسته را رایگان مطالعه کنید

Nibomo باز می‌شود تا بتوانید مطالعه را شروع کنید.

دربارهٔ این دسته

CompTIA A+ 220-1201 & 220-1202 Flashcards: Core 1 and Core 2

What the cards practice

Learning order

Labs and PBQs

Scope, provenance, and reuse

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